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<span>Botany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Botany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultivation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultivation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culinary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Culinary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liquor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liquor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Liquor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liquor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Traditional medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Essential_oil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Essential_oil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Essential oil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Essential_oil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Anise</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 98 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">98 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anys" title="Anys – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Anys" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="يانسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يانسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimpinella_anisum" title="Pimpinella anisum – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pimpinella anisum" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimpinella_anisum" title="Pimpinella anisum – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pimpinella anisum" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_cir%C9%99g%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Adi cirəgülü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Adi cirəgülü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87" title="جیره – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جیره" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81_%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Әнис үләне – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Әнис үләне" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81" title="Аніс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аніс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B6" title="Аныж – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аныж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Анасон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Анасон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="དྲི་ཞིམ་སོན་ཅན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དྲི་ཞིམ་སོན་ཅན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anis" title="Anis – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Anis" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%ADs" title="Anís – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anís" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Анис – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Анис" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimpinella_anisum" title="Pimpinella anisum – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pimpinella anisum" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedrn%C3%ADk_an%C3%BDz" title="Bedrník anýz – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bedrník anýz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anis" title="Anis – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Anis" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anis" title="Anis – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Anis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anis" title="Anis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anis" title="Anis – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Anis" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harilik_aniis" title="Harilik aniis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Harilik aniis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Γλυκάνισος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλυκάνισος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimpinella_anisum" title="Pimpinella anisum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pimpinella anisum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anizo" title="Anizo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Anizo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anis_(landarea)" title="Anis (landarea) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Anis (landarea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="بادیان رومی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بادیان رومی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anis_vert" title="Anis vert – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anis vert" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lus_yn_anis" title="Lus yn anis – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Lus yn anis" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%ADs" title="Anís – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Anís" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4" title="아니스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아니스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anise" title="Anise – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Anise" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Անիսոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անիսոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anis" title="Anis – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Anis" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anis" title="Anis – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Anis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anizo" title="Anizo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Anizo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adas_manis" title="Adas manis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Adas manis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%C3%A6%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хорнæмыгон – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хорнæмыгон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%ADs" title="Anís – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Anís" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimpinella_anisum" title="Pimpinella anisum – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pimpinella anisum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1" title="אניס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אניס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adas_legi" title="Adas legi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Adas legi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ანისული – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანისული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AB%C5%BC" title="Anëż – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Anëż" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%99%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Бәден – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бәден" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anes%C3%BBn" title="Anesûn – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Anesûn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Анис – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Анис" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciuites" title="Ciuites – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ciuites" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimpinella_anisum" title="Pimpinella anisum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pimpinella anisum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parastais_an%C4%ABss" title="Parastais anīss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Parastais anīss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%A4is" title="Anäis – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Anäis" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Any%C5%BEin%C4%97_o%C5%BEia%C5%BEol%C4%97" title="Anyžinė ožiažolė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anyžinė ožiažolė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81nizs" title="Ánizs – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ánizs" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Анасон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Анасон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisy" title="Anisy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Anisy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="ينسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ينسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jintan_manis" title="Jintan manis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jintan manis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anijs" title="Anijs – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anijs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B9" title="アニス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アニス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimpinella_anisum" title="Pimpinella anisum – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Pimpinella anisum" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anis" title="Anis – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Anis" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anis" title="Anis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Anis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anis" title="Anis – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Anis" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%ADs" title="Anís – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Anís" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arpabodiyon" title="Arpabodiyon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Arpabodiyon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C2%B7nisse" title="An·nisse – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="An·nisse" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biedrzeniec_any%C5%BC" title="Biedrzeniec anyż – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biedrzeniec anyż" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimpinella_anisum" title="Pimpinella anisum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pimpinella anisum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anason" title="Anason – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anason" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anis" title="Anis – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Anis" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Анис – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Анис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anis" title="Anis – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Anis" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimpinella" title="Pimpinella – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pimpinella" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamm%C3%B9" title="Zammù – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Zammù" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anise" title="Anise – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Anise" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="پلاجيري – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پلاجيري" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedrovn%C3%ADk_an%C3%ADzov%C3%BD" title="Bedrovník anízový – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bedrovník anízový" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%C5%BE" title="Janež – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Janež" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Анис – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Анис" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Анис – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Анис" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisruoho" title="Anisruoho – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Anisruoho" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anis" title="Anis – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Anis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangki" title="Sangki – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sangki" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="சோம்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சோம்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikamnin_(tawsit)" title="Tikamnin (tawsit) – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tikamnin (tawsit)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Гади әнис – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гади әнис" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86" title="కుప్పి సోపు నూనె – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కుప్పి సోపు నూనె" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="เทียนสัตตบุษย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทียนสัตตบุษย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Анис – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Анис" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anason" title="Anason – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anason" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Анис – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Анис" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81" title="Аніс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аніс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%BA" title="انیسوں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انیسوں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%83u_h%E1%BB%93i_c%E1%BA%A7n" title="Tiểu hồi cần – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiểu hồi cần" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimpinella_anisum" title="Pimpinella anisum – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pimpinella anisum" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8C%B4%E8%8A%B9" title="茴芹 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="茴芹" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8C%B4%E9%A6%99" title="大茴香 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大茴香" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C4%97%C5%BE%C4%97" title="Anėžė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Anėžė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8C%B4%E8%8A%B9" title="茴芹 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="茴芹" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28692#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the <i>Pimpinella</i> species (not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Star_anise" class="mw-redirect" title="Star anise">star anise</a>, <i>Illicium verum</i>, or with <a href="/wiki/Japanese_star_anise" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese star anise">Japanese star anise</a>, <i>Illicium anisatum</i>).</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Anice" title="Anice">Anice</a> or <a href="/wiki/Anis_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Anis (disambiguation)">Anis (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Anise </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Koehler1887-PimpinellaAnisum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Koehler1887-PimpinellaAnisum.jpg/220px-Koehler1887-PimpinellaAnisum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Koehler1887-PimpinellaAnisum.jpg/330px-Koehler1887-PimpinellaAnisum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Koehler1887-PimpinellaAnisum.jpg/440px-Koehler1887-PimpinellaAnisum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="559" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">1897 illustration<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Pimpinella" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">Apiaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pimpinella" title="Pimpinella"><i>Pimpinella</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>P. anisum</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Pimpinella anisum</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><small>Synonymy</small></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Anisum odoratum</i> <small>Raf.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Anisum officinale</i> <small>DC.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Anisum officinarum</i> <small>Moench</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Anisum vulgare</i> <small>Gaertn.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Apium anisum</i> <small>(L.) Crantz</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Carum anisum</i> <small>(L.) Baill.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Pimpinele anisa</i> <small>St.-Lag.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Ptychotis vargasiana</i> <small>DC.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Selinum anisum</i> <small>(L.) E.H.L. Krause</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Seseli gilliesii</i> <small>Hook. & Arn.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Sison anisum</i> <small>(L.) Spreng.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Tragium anisum</i> <small>(L.) Link</small> </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Anise</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Pimpinella anisum</i></span></b></i>), also called <b>aniseed</b> or rarely <b>anix</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaynes1878_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaynes1878-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plant</a> in the family <a href="/wiki/Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">Apiaceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-WFO_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WFO-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> native to the eastern <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean region">Mediterranean region</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest Asia">Southwest Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The flavor and aroma of its seeds have similarities with some other spices and herbs, such as <a href="/wiki/Star_anise" class="mw-redirect" title="Star anise">star anise</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaynes1878_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaynes1878-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">fennel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">liquorice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tarragon" title="Tarragon">tarragon</a>. It is widely cultivated and used to flavor food, candy, and alcoholic drinks, especially around the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anise&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name "anise" is derived via <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> from the Latin words <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">anīsum</i></span> or <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">anēthum</i></span> from Greek <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">ἄνηθον</span></span> <i>ánēthon</i> referring to <a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">dill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An obsolete English word for anise is <i>anet</i>, also coming from <i>anīsum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Botany">Botany</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anise&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Botany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anise is an <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbaceous">herbaceous</a> <a href="/wiki/Annual_plant" title="Annual plant">annual plant</a> growing to 60–90 centimetres (2–3 feet) or more. The <a href="/wiki/Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves">leaves</a> at the base of the plant are simple, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1–5 cm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span>–2 inches) long and shallowly lobed, while leaves higher on the stems are feathery or lacy, <a href="/wiki/Pinnate_leaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinnate leaf">pinnate</a>, divided into numerous small <a href="/wiki/Leaflet_(botany)" title="Leaflet (botany)">leaflets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AskIFAS_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AskIFAS-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both leaves and flowers are produced in large, loose clusters. The <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a> are either white or yellow, approximately <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">3 millimetres (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) in diameter, produced in dense <a href="/wiki/Umbel" title="Umbel">umbels</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> is a dry oblong and curved <a href="/wiki/Schizocarp" title="Schizocarp">schizocarp</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4–6 mm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">6</span></span>–<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in) long, usually called "aniseed".<sup id="cite_ref-AskIFAS_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AskIFAS-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gernot_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gernot-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery 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img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gardenology.org-IMG_2834_rbgs11jan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney"><img alt="Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Gardenology.org-IMG_2834_rbgs11jan.jpg/202px-Gardenology.org-IMG_2834_rbgs11jan.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Gardenology.org-IMG_2834_rbgs11jan.jpg/304px-Gardenology.org-IMG_2834_rbgs11jan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Gardenology.org-IMG_2834_rbgs11jan.jpg/405px-Gardenology.org-IMG_2834_rbgs11jan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Garden,_Sydney" title="Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney">Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 211.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 209.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aniseed_held_in_hand.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fruits in hand for scale"><img alt="Fruits in hand for scale" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Aniseed_held_in_hand.jpg/314px-Aniseed_held_in_hand.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Aniseed_held_in_hand.jpg/470px-Aniseed_held_in_hand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Aniseed_held_in_hand.jpg/627px-Aniseed_held_in_hand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="545" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fruits in hand for scale</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aniseed_p1160018.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fruits (aniseed)"><img alt="Fruits (aniseed)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Aniseed_p1160018.jpg/357px-Aniseed_p1160018.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Aniseed_p1160018.jpg/536px-Aniseed_p1160018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Aniseed_p1160018.jpg/715px-Aniseed_p1160018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1794" data-file-height="1356" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fruits (aniseed)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AniseSeeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Close-up of fruits"><img alt="Close-up of fruits" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/AniseSeeds.jpg/361px-AniseSeeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/AniseSeeds.jpg/541px-AniseSeeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/AniseSeeds.jpg/721px-AniseSeeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="767" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Close-up of fruits</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anisi_fructus_-_microscopy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cross-section of fruit"><img alt="Cross-section of fruit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Anisi_fructus_-_microscopy.jpg/310px-Anisi_fructus_-_microscopy.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Anisi_fructus_-_microscopy.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="380" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cross-section of fruit</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anise&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anise is a food plant for the <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larvae</a> of some <a href="/wiki/Lepidoptera" title="Lepidoptera">Lepidoptera</a> species (<a href="/wiki/Butterflies" class="mw-redirect" title="Butterflies">butterflies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moth" title="Moth">moths</a>), including the <a href="/wiki/Lime-speck_pug" title="Lime-speck pug">lime-speck pug</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wormwood_pug" title="Wormwood pug">wormwood pug</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anise&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cultivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anise was first cultivated in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, and was brought to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> for its medicinal value.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been cultivated in Egypt for approximately 4,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anise plants grow best in light, fertile, well-drained soil. The seeds should be planted as soon as the ground warms up in spring. Because the plants have a <a href="/wiki/Taproot" title="Taproot">taproot</a>, they do not transplant well after being established so they should either be started in their final location or be transplanted while the seedlings are still small.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production">Production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anise&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Western cuisines have long used anise to flavor dishes, drinks, and candies. The word is used for both the species of herb and its <a href="/wiki/Licorice" class="mw-redirect" title="Licorice">licorice</a>-like flavor. The most powerful flavor component of the <a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">essential oil</a> of anise, <a href="/wiki/Anethole" title="Anethole">anethole</a>, is found in both anise and an unrelated spice indigenous to <a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">South China</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> called star anise (<i><a href="/wiki/Illicium_verum" title="Illicium verum">Illicium verum</a></i>) widely used in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asian</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a> dishes. Star anise is considerably less expensive to produce and has gradually displaced <i>P. anisum</i> in Western markets. While formerly produced in larger quantities, by 1999 world production of the essential oil of anise was only 8 <a href="/wiki/Metric_ton" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric ton">tons</a>, compared to 400 tons of star anise.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anise&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Composition">Composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anise&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with all spices, the composition of anise varies considerably with origin and cultivation method. These are typical values for the main constituents.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>Moisture: 9–13%</dd> <dd>Protein: 18%</dd> <dd>Fatty oil: 8–23%</dd> <dd>Essential oil: 2–7%</dd> <dd>Starch: 5%</dd> <dd>N-free extract: 22–28%</dd> <dd>Crude fibre: 12–25%</dd></dl> <p>In particular, the anise seeds products should also contain more than 0.2 milliliter volatile oil per 100 grams of spice.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary">Culinary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anise&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Culinary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Anise" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Anise"> Anise</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Troach_sweet_-_2018-08-21_-_Andy_Mabbett.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Troach_sweet_-_2018-08-21_-_Andy_Mabbett.jpg/220px-Troach_sweet_-_2018-08-21_-_Andy_Mabbett.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Troach_sweet_-_2018-08-21_-_Andy_Mabbett.jpg/330px-Troach_sweet_-_2018-08-21_-_Andy_Mabbett.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Troach_sweet_-_2018-08-21_-_Andy_Mabbett.jpg/440px-Troach_sweet_-_2018-08-21_-_Andy_Mabbett.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2532" data-file-height="1695" /></a><figcaption>An unwrapped 'Troach drop', purchased at the <a href="/wiki/Black_Country_Living_Museum" title="Black Country Living Museum">Black Country Living Museum</a> in the English Midlands, where such sweets are traditional</figcaption></figure> <p>Anise is sweet and <a href="/wiki/Odor" title="Odor">aromatic</a>, distinguished by its characteristic flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-Gernot_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gernot-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seeds, whole or ground, are used for preparation of <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">teas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">tisanes</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (alone or in combination with other aromatic herbs), as well many regional and ethnic confectioneries, including black <a href="/wiki/Jelly_beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Jelly beans">jelly beans</a> (often marketed as licorice-flavored), British <a href="/wiki/Aniseed_ball" title="Aniseed ball">aniseed balls</a>, aniseed twists<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "troach" drops, Australian <a href="/wiki/Humbug_(sweet)" title="Humbug (sweet)">humbugs</a>, New Zealand aniseed wheels, Italian <i><a href="/wiki/Pizzelle" title="Pizzelle">pizzelle</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Biscotti" title="Biscotti">biscotti</a></i>, German <i><a href="/wiki/Pfeffern%C3%BCsse" title="Pfeffernüsse">Pfeffernüsse</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Springerle" title="Springerle">Springerle</a></i>, Austrian <i>Anisbögen</i>, Dutch <i><a href="/wiki/Muisjes" title="Muisjes">muisjes</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Bizcochitos" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizcochitos">bizcochitos</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peruvian</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Picarones" title="Picarones">picarones</a>.</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The culinary uses of anise are not limited only to sweets and confections, as it is a key ingredient in <a href="/wiki/Mexican_cuisine" title="Mexican cuisine">Mexican</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Atole" title="Atole">atole de anís</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Champurrado_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Champurrado (beverage)">champurrado</a></i>, which is similar to <a href="/wiki/Hot_chocolate" title="Hot chocolate">hot chocolate</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, it is taken as a <a href="/wiki/Ap%C3%A9ritif_and_digestif#digestifs" title="Apéritif and digestif">digestive</a> after meals, used in <a href="/wiki/Brine" title="Brine">brines</a> in the Italian region of <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> and as a flavoring agent in <a href="/wiki/Italian_sausage" title="Italian sausage">Italian sausage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pepperoni" title="Pepperoni">pepperoni</a> and other Italian processed meat products.<sup id="cite_ref-Peter_2012_143_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peter_2012_143-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The freshly chopped leaves are added to cheese spreads, dips or salads, while roots and stems impart a mild licorice flavor to soups and stews.<sup id="cite_ref-Peter_2012_143_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peter_2012_143-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">ancient Romans</a> often served spiced cakes with aniseed called <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mustaceoe</i></span></i> at the end of feasts as a digestive.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This tradition of serving cake at the end of festivities is the basis for the tradition of serving cake at weddings.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liquor">Liquor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anise&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Liquor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anise_alcohols_Mediterranean_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Anise_alcohols_Mediterranean_map.svg/370px-Anise_alcohols_Mediterranean_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="370" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Anise_alcohols_Mediterranean_map.svg/555px-Anise_alcohols_Mediterranean_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Anise_alcohols_Mediterranean_map.svg/740px-Anise_alcohols_Mediterranean_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1754" data-file-height="862" /></a><figcaption>Anise alcohols <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">of the Mediterranean region</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Anisette" title="Anisette">Anisette</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean cuisine</a></div> <p>Anise is used to flavor Greek <span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el"><a href="/wiki/Ouzo" title="Ouzo">ouzo</a></i></span> and Bulgarian <span title="Bulgarian-language text"><i lang="bg"><a href="/wiki/Mastika" title="Mastika">mastika</a></i></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-Monde_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monde-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italian <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Sambuca" title="Sambuca">sambuca</a></i></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-Monde_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monde-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Absinthe" title="Absinthe">absinthe</a></i></span>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Anisette" title="Anisette">anisette</a></i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Pastis" title="Pastis">pastis</a></i></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-Jr.Fahey2003_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jr.Fahey2003-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spanish <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">anis de chinchón</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">anís</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">anísado</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-Monde_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monde-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Herbs_de_Majorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbs de Majorca">Herbs de Majorca</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Spaininfo_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spaininfo-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turkish and Armenian <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr"><a href="/wiki/Rak%C4%B1" title="Rakı">rakı</a></i></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-Monde_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monde-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lebanese, Egyptian, Syrian, Jordanian, Palestinian and Israeli <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Arak_(distilled_beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arak (distilled beverage)">arak</a></i></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-Monde_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monde-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Algerian <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Anisette Cristal</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Monde_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monde-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outside the Mediterranean region, it is found in Colombian <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">aguardiente</a></i></span><sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Mexican <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Xtabent%C3%BAn_(liqueur)" title="Xtabentún (liqueur)">Xtabentún</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These liquors are clear, but on addition of water become cloudy, a phenomenon known as the <a href="/wiki/Ouzo_effect" title="Ouzo effect">ouzo effect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sitnikova2005_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sitnikova2005-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anise is used together with other herbs and spices in some <a href="/wiki/Root_beer" title="Root beer">root beers</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Virgil%27s_Root_Beer" title="Virgil's Root Beer">Virgil's</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_medicine">Traditional medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anise&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Traditional medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main use of anise in traditional European <a href="/wiki/Herbal_medicine" title="Herbal medicine">herbal medicine</a> was for its <a href="/wiki/Carminative" title="Carminative">carminative</a> effect (reducing <a href="/wiki/Flatulence" title="Flatulence">flatulence</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaynes1878_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaynes1878-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as noted by <a href="/wiki/John_Gerard" title="John Gerard">John Gerard</a> in his <i>Great Herball</i>, an early encyclopedia of herbal medicine: </p> <blockquote><p>The seed wasteth and consumeth winde, and is good against belchings and upbraidings of the stomach, alaieth gripings of the belly, provoketh urine gently, maketh abundance of milke, and stirreth up bodily lust: it staieth the laske (<a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a>), and also the white flux (<a href="/wiki/Leukorrhea" title="Leukorrhea">leukorrhea</a>) in women.<sup id="cite_ref-Gerard_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gerard-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, anise was used as a cure for sleeplessness, chewed with <a href="/wiki/Alexanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexanders">alexanders</a> and a little <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> in the morning to freshen the breath, and, when mixed with wine, as a remedy for <a href="/wiki/Asp_(reptile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asp (reptile)">asp</a> bites (<a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">N.H.</a> 20.72).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 19th-century medicine, anise was prepared as <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">aqua anisi</i></span></i> ("Water of Anise") in doses of an ounce or more and as <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">spiritus anisi</i></span></i> ("Spirit of Anise") in doses of 5–20 <a href="/wiki/Minim_(unit)" title="Minim (unit)">minims</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> folk medicine, its seeds have been used as an <a href="/wiki/Appetite" title="Appetite">appetite</a> stimulant, <a href="/wiki/Tranquilizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tranquilizer">tranquilizer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Diuretic" title="Diuretic">diuretic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Essential_oil">Essential oil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anise&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Essential oil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AniseEssOil.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/AniseEssOil.png/170px-AniseEssOil.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/AniseEssOil.png/255px-AniseEssOil.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/AniseEssOil.png/340px-AniseEssOil.png 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Anise essential oil</figcaption></figure> <p>Anise <a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">essential oil</a> can be obtained from the fruits by either <a href="/wiki/Steam_distillation" title="Steam distillation">steam distillation</a> or extraction using <a href="/wiki/Supercritical_carbon_dioxide" title="Supercritical carbon dioxide">supercritical carbon dioxide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-co2_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-co2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The yield of essential oil is influenced by the growing conditions<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and extraction process, with supercritical extraction being more efficient.<sup id="cite_ref-co2_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-co2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless of the method of isolation the main component of the oil is <a href="/wiki/Anethole" title="Anethole">anethole</a> (80–90%), with minor components including <a href="/wiki/4-Anisaldehyde" title="4-Anisaldehyde">4-anisaldehyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estragole" title="Estragole">estragole</a> and pseudoisoeugenyl-2-methylbutyrates amongst others.<sup id="cite_ref-Rodrigues-et-al-2003_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodrigues-et-al-2003-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Alternately found by Orav et al. 2008 to be 2–6% extracted oil by weight of raw seed material, 74–94% being <a href="/wiki/Trans-anethole" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-anethole"><i>trans</i>-anethole</a> and the remaining fraction <a href="/wiki/Estragole" title="Estragole">estragole</a> (methylchavicol), <a href="/wiki/Anisaldehyde" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisaldehyde">anisaldehyde</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%93-himachalene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Γ-himachalene (page does not exist)">γ-himachalene</a>.)<sup id="cite_ref-Sayed-Ahmad-et-al-2017_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sayed-Ahmad-et-al-2017-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anethole" title="Anethole">Anethole</a> is responsible for anise's characteristic odor and flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anise&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Builders of <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotives</a> in Britain incorporated capsules of aniseed oil into <a href="/wiki/White_metal" title="White metal">white metal</a> <a href="/wiki/Plain_bearing" title="Plain bearing">plain bearings</a> so the distinctive smell would give warning in case of overheating.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anise can be made into a liquid scent and is used for both <a href="/wiki/Drag_hunting" title="Drag hunting">drag hunting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>. It is put on <a href="/wiki/Fishing_lure" title="Fishing lure">fishing lures</a> to attract <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anise&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">from Franz Eugen Köhlae, Köhlae's Medizinal-Pflanzen, 1897</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WFO-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WFO_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WFO_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000390925">"<i>Pimpinella anisum</i> L."</a> <i>World Flora Online</i>. World Flora Consortium. 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Flora+Online&rft.atitle=Pimpinella+anisum+L.&rft.date=2023&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldfloraonline.org%2Ftaxon%2Fwfo-0000390925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John C.</a> (2008). <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.). Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0"><bdi>978-1-4058-8118-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaynes1878-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaynes1878_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaynes1878_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaynes1878_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaynes1878">Baynes 1878</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=pimpinella+anisum">"Anice vera, <i>Pimpinella anisum</i> L."</a> <i>Flora Italiana</i>. Altervista. n.d.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flora+Italiana&rft.atitle=Anice+vera%2C+Pimpinella+anisum+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fluirig.altervista.org%2Fflora%2Ftaxa%2Findex1.php%3Fscientific-name%3Dpimpinella%2Banisum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisShort1879" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=anethum">"ănēthum"</a>. <i>A Latin Dictionary</i>. Perseus Digital Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C4%83n%C4%93thum&rft.btitle=A+Latin+Dictionary&rft.pub=Perseus+Digital+Library&rft.date=1879&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Charlton+T.&rft.au=Short%2C+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Danethum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180304055135/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/anise">"Anise"</a>. Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford University Press. 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/anise">the original</a> on March 4, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anise&rft.pub=Oxford+Dictionaries%2C+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fanise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/7811">"<i>s.v.</i> 'anise'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=s.v.+%27anise%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F7811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AskIFAS-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AskIFAS_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AskIFAS_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephens1997" class="citation web cs1">Stephens, James M. (April 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122073837/https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/MV008">"Anise—<i>Pimpinella anisum</i> L."</a> <i>AskIFAS</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">University of Florida</a> Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/MV008">the original</a> on 22 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AskIFAS&rft.atitle=Anise%E2%80%94Pimpinella+anisum+L.&rft.date=1997-04&rft.aulast=Stephens&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedis.ifas.ufl.edu%2Fpublication%2FMV008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gernot-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gernot_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gernot_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatzer1998" class="citation web cs1">Katzer, Gernot (9 September 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gernot-katzers-spice-pages.com/engl/Pimp_ani.html">"Anise (<i>Pimpinella anisum</i> L.)"</a>. <i>Spice Pages</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spice+Pages&rft.atitle=Anise+%28Pimpinella+anisum+L.%29&rft.date=1998-09-09&rft.aulast=Katzer&rft.aufirst=Gernot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgernot-katzers-spice-pages.com%2Fengl%2FPimp_ani.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cargohandbook.com/Aniseed">"Aniseed - Cargo Handbook - the world's largest cargo transport guidelines website"</a>. <i>cargohandbook.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cargohandbook.com&rft.atitle=Aniseed+-+Cargo+Handbook+-+the+world%27s+largest+cargo+transport+guidelines+website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcargohandbook.com%2FAniseed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/npc/anise.html">"Anise Uses, Benefits & Side Effects - Drugs.com Herbal Database"</a>. <i>Drugs.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drugs.com&rft.atitle=Anise+Uses%2C+Benefits+%26+Side+Effects+-+Drugs.com+Herbal+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fnpc%2Fanise.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almanac.com/tips-transplanting-seedlings">"Tips for Transplanting Seedlings"</a>. <i>Almanac.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Almanac.com&rft.atitle=Tips+for+Transplanting+Seedlings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almanac.com%2Ftips-transplanting-seedlings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter2004" class="citation book cs1">Peter, K. V. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qUaT093PZFAC&pg=PA290"><i>Handbook of Herbs and Spices</i></a>. Woodhead Publishing. p. 290. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85573-721-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85573-721-1"><bdi>978-1-85573-721-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Herbs+and+Spices&rft.pages=290&rft.pub=Woodhead+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-85573-721-1&rft.aulast=Peter&rft.aufirst=K.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqUaT093PZFAC%26pg%3DPA290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_R._Ashurst1999" class="citation book cs1">Philip R. Ashurst (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hrWuqmtwJiEC&q=anethole"><i>Food Flavorings</i></a>. Springer. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8342-1621-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8342-1621-1"><bdi>978-0-8342-1621-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+Flavorings&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8342-1621-1&rft.au=Philip+R.+Ashurst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhrWuqmtwJiEC%26q%3Danethole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J.S. Pruthi: Spices and Condiments, New Delhi: National Book Trust (1976), p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBranch" class="citation web cs1">Branch, Legislative Services. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._870/page-36.html#h-70">"Consolidated federal laws of canada, Food and Drug Regulations"</a>. <i>laws.justice.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virgil%27s+Rootbeer+%E2%80%93+Spike%27s+Root+Beer+Reviews+and+Ratings&rft.pub=Root+Beer+Reviews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rootbeerreviews.com%2Fbrews%2Fvirgils.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gerard-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gerard_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Gerard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caliban.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/gerarde/high/IMG_0940.html"><i>The Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614030203/http://caliban.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/gerarde/high/IMG_0940.html">Archived</a> 2011-06-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 1597, p. 880, side 903</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPliny1856" class="citation book cs1">Pliny (1856). 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(1999) <i>Therapy with medicinal plants in Turkey, Past and Present.</i> Kitapevi, Istanbul, Turkey, 2nd edition, pp. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-co2-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-co2_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-co2_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPereiraMeireles2007" class="citation journal cs1">Pereira, Camila G.; Meireles, M. Angela A. (September 2007). "Economic analysis of rosemary, fennel and anise essential oils obtained by supercritical fluid extraction". <i>Flavour and Fragrance Journal</i>. <b>22</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">407–</span>413. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fffj.1813">10.1002/ffj.1813</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flavour+and+Fragrance+Journal&rft.atitle=Economic+analysis+of+rosemary%2C+fennel+and+anise+essential+oils+obtained+by+supercritical+fluid+extraction&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E407-%3C%2Fspan%3E413&rft.date=2007-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fffj.1813&rft.aulast=Pereira&rft.aufirst=Camila+G.&rft.au=Meireles%2C+M.+Angela+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZehtab-salmasiJavanshirOmidbaigiAlyari2001" class="citation journal cs1">Zehtab-salmasi, S.; Javanshir, A.; Omidbaigi, R.; Alyari, H.; Ghassemi-golezani, K. (May 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1556%2FAAgr.49.2001.1.9">"Effects of water supply and sowing date on performance and essential oil production of anise (<i>Pimpinella anisum</i> L.)"</a>. <i>Acta Agronomica Hungarica</i>. <b>49</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">75–</span>81. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1556%2FAAgr.49.2001.1.9">10.1556/AAgr.49.2001.1.9</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Agronomica+Hungarica&rft.atitle=Effects+of+water+supply+and+sowing+date+on+performance+and+essential+oil+production+of+anise+%28Pimpinella+anisum+L.%29&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E81&rft.date=2001-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1556%2FAAgr.49.2001.1.9&rft.aulast=Zehtab-salmasi&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Javanshir%2C+A.&rft.au=Omidbaigi%2C+R.&rft.au=Alyari%2C+H.&rft.au=Ghassemi-golezani%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1556%252FAAgr.49.2001.1.9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rodrigues-et-al-2003-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rodrigues-et-al-2003_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodriguesRosaMarquesPetenate2003" class="citation journal cs1">Rodrigues, Vera M.; Rosa, Paulo T. V.; Marques, Marcia O. M.; Petenate, Ademir J.; Meireles, M. Angela A. (March 2003). "Supercritical Extraction of Essential Oil from Aniseed using sCO<sub>2</sub>: Solubility, Kinetics and Composition Data". <i>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</i>. <b>51</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">1518–</span>1523. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf0257493">10.1021/jf0257493</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12617576">12617576</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Supercritical+Extraction+of+Essential+Oil+from+Aniseed+using+sCO%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E%3A+Solubility%2C+Kinetics+and+Composition+Data&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1518-%3C%2Fspan%3E1523&rft.date=2003-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjf0257493&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12617576&rft.aulast=Rodrigues&rft.aufirst=Vera+M.&rft.au=Rosa%2C+Paulo+T.+V.&rft.au=Marques%2C+Marcia+O.+M.&rft.au=Petenate%2C+Ademir+J.&rft.au=Meireles%2C+M.+Angela+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sayed-Ahmad-et-al-2017-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sayed-Ahmad-et-al-2017_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayed-AhmadTalouSaadHijazi2017" class="citation journal cs1">Sayed-Ahmad, Bouchra; Talou, Thierry; Saad, Zeinab; Hijazi, Akram; Merah, Othmane (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/25145/1/Sayed_Ahmad_25145.pdf">"The Apiaceae: Ethnomedicinal family as source for industrial uses"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Industrial_Crops_and_Products&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Industrial Crops and Products (page does not exist)">Industrial Crops and Products</a></i>. <b>109</b>. <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>: <span class="nowrap">661–</span>671. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.indcrop.2017.09.027">10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.09.027</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0926-6690">0926-6690</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Industrial+Crops+and+Products&rft.atitle=The+Apiaceae%3A+Ethnomedicinal+family+as+source+for+industrial+uses&rft.volume=109&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E661-%3C%2Fspan%3E671&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.indcrop.2017.09.027&rft.issn=0926-6690&rft.aulast=Sayed-Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Bouchra&rft.au=Talou%2C+Thierry&rft.au=Saad%2C+Zeinab&rft.au=Hijazi%2C+Akram&rft.au=Merah%2C+Othmane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foatao.univ-toulouse.fr%2F25145%2F1%2FSayed_Ahmad_25145.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jodral, Manuel Miro. <i>Illicium, Pimpinella and Foeniculum</i>. CRC Press, 2004. pp. 205</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Railway_Magazine" title="The Railway Magazine">The Railway Magazine</a></i>. <b>99</b>: 287. 1953.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Railway+Magazine&rft.volume=99&rft.pages=287&rft.date=1953&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_untitled_periodical" title="Category:CS1 maint: untitled periodical">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2005" class="citation book cs1">Collins, Tony (2005). <i>Encyclopedia of traditional British rural sports</i>. Abingdon, England: Routledge. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-35224-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-35224-6"><bdi>978-0-415-35224-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+traditional+British+rural+sports&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+England&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-35224-6&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGabrielvon_Brandt,_Andres2005" class="citation book cs1">Gabriel, Otto; von Brandt, Andres (2005). <i>Fish catching methods of the world</i> (4 ed.). Oxford, England: Blackwell. pp. <span class="nowrap">153–</span>4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85238-280-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85238-280-6"><bdi>978-0-85238-280-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fish+catching+methods+of+the+world&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E153-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-85238-280-6&rft.aulast=Gabriel&rft.aufirst=Otto&rft.au=von+Brandt%2C+Andres&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anise&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaynes1878" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2">Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Anise"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Anise">"Anise" </a></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, vol. 2 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. <span class="nowrap">57–</span>58</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anise&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E57-%3C%2Fspan%3E58&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911), <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Anise"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Anise">"Anise" </a></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, vol. 2 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 55</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anise&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=55&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnise" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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podagraria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajwain" title="Ajwain">Ajwain</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alepidea_peduncularis" title="Alepidea peduncularis">Alepidea peduncularis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyrnium_olusatrum" title="Smyrnium olusatrum">Alexanders</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angelica_archangelica" title="Angelica archangelica">Angelica archangelica</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anise</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anthriscus_sylvestris" title="Anthriscus sylvestris">Anthriscus sylvestris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apium_prostratum" title="Apium prostratum">Apium prostratum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arracacia_xanthorrhiza" title="Arracacia xanthorrhiza">Arracacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asafoetida" title="Asafoetida">Asafoetida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">Caraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot" title="Carrot">Carrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeriac" title="Celeriac">Celeriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">Celery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Centella_asiatica" title="Centella asiatica">Centella asiatica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chaerophyllum_bulbosum" title="Chaerophyllum bulbosum">Chaerophyllum bulbosum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chervil" title="Chervil">Chervil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_celery" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese celery">Chinese celery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely" title="Cicely">Cicely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crithmum" title="Crithmum">Crithmum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cryptotaenia" title="Cryptotaenia">Cryptotaenia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daucus_pusillus" title="Daucus pusillus">Daucus pusillus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Echinophora_sibthorpiana" title="Echinophora sibthorpiana">Echinophora sibthorpiana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elwendia_persica" title="Elwendia persica">Elwendia persica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erigenia" title="Erigenia">Erigenia bulbosa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eryngium_foetidum" title="Eryngium foetidum">Eryngium foetidum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">Fennel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heracleum_persicum" title="Heracleum persicum">Heracleum persicum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaf_celery" title="Leaf celery">Leaf celery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ligusticum_scoticum" title="Ligusticum scoticum">Ligusticum scoticum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lomatium" title="Lomatium">Lomatium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lomatium_parryi" title="Lomatium parryi">Lomatium parryi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovage" title="Lovage">Lovage</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oenanthe_javanica" title="Oenanthe javanica">Oenanthe javanica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Osmorhiza" title="Osmorhiza">Osmorhiza</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsnip" title="Parsnip">Parsnip</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perideridia" title="Perideridia">Perideridia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peucedanum_ostruthium" title="Peucedanum ostruthium">Peucedanum ostruthium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psammogeton_involucratus" title="Psammogeton involucratus">Psammogeton involucratus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ridolfia_segetum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ridolfia segetum">Ridolfia segetum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sium_sisarum" title="Sium sisarum">Sium sisarum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culinary_herbs_and_spices83" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Template:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Template talk:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culinary_herbs_and_spices83" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culinary herbs and spices</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">Herbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Angelica_archangelica" title="Angelica archangelica">Angelica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">Basil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocimum_tenuiflorum" title="Ocimum tenuiflorum">Holy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_basil" title="Thai basil">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_basil" title="Lemon basil">Lemon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_tamala" title="Cinnamomum tamala">Indian bay leaf (<i>tejpat</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo">Boldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borage" title="Borage">Borage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chervil" title="Chervil">Chervil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chives" title="Chives">Chives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tuberosum" title="Allium tuberosum">garlic / Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely" title="Cicely">Cicely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander leaf / Cilantro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porophyllum_ruderale" title="Porophyllum ruderale">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persicaria_odorata" title="Persicaria odorata">Vietnamese (<i>rau răm</i>)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eryngium_foetidum" title="Eryngium foetidum">Culantro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_cress" title="Garden cress">Cress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_tree" title="Curry tree">Curry leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysphania_ambrosioides" title="Dysphania ambrosioides">Epazote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_auritum" title="Piper auritum">Hoja santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houttuynia_cordata" title="Houttuynia cordata"><i>Houttuynia cordata</i> (<i>giấp cá</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyssopus_officinalis" title="Hyssopus officinalis">Hyssop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimbu" title="Jimbu">Jimbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsholtzia_ciliata" title="Elsholtzia ciliata">Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Kkaennip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavandula_angustifolia" title="Lavandula angustifolia">Lavender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_balm" title="Lemon balm">Lemon balm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon">Lemon grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backhousia_citriodora" title="Backhousia citriodora">Lemon myrtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysia_citrodora" title="Aloysia citrodora">Lemon verbena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnophila_aromatica" title="Limnophila aromatica"><i>Limnophila aromatica</i> (rice-paddy herb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovage" title="Lovage">Lovage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjoram" title="Marjoram">Marjoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugwort" title="Mugwort">Mugwort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptotaenia_japonica" title="Cryptotaenia japonica">Mitsuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla" title="Perilla">Perilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">Rosemary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvia_officinalis" title="Salvia officinalis">Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satureja" title="Satureja">Savory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Sanshō leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorrel" title="Sorrel">Sorrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragon" title="Tarragon">Tarragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galium_odoratum" title="Galium odoratum">Woodruff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">Spices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_laver" title="Green laver">Aonori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajwain" title="Ajwain">Ajwain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_pepper" title="Alligator pepper">Alligator pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">Allspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amchoor" title="Amchoor">Amchoor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asafoetida" title="Asafoetida">Asafoetida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_terebinthifolia" title="Schinus terebinthifolia">Brazilian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum camphora">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">Caraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_cardamom" title="Black cardamom">black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia" title="Cinnamomum cassia">Cassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery_powder" title="Celery powder">Celery powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">Celery seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanania_lanzan" title="Buchanania lanzan">Charoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenpi" title="Chenpi">Chenpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chili_powder" title="Chili powder">Chili powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">Chipotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushed_red_pepper" title="Crushed red pepper">Crushed red pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño">Jalapeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasco_pepper" title="Tabasco pepper">Tabasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Capsicum_cultivars" title="List of Capsicum cultivars">Cultivars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Clove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_cubeba" title="Piper cubeba">Cubeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella sativa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bunium_persicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunium persicum">Bunium persicum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Deulkkae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill / Dill seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">Fennel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenugreek" title="Fenugreek">Fenugreek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigonella_caerulea" title="Trigonella caerulea">blue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boesenbergia_rotunda" title="Boesenbergia rotunda">Fingerroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galangal" title="Galangal">Galangal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_galanga" title="Alpinia galanga">greater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_officinarum" title="Alpinia officinarum">lesser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaempferia_galanga" title="Kaempferia galanga">Aromatic ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleum_persicum" title="Heracleum persicum">Golpar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">Grains of paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_Selim" title="Grains of Selim">Grains of Selim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Japanese pricklyash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_berry" title="Juniper berry">Juniper berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcinia_indica" title="Garcinia indica">Kokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aframomum_corrorima" title="Aframomum corrorima">Korarima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_lime" title="Dried lime">Dried lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">Liquorice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litsea_cubeba" title="Litsea cubeba">Litsea cubeba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_pepper" title="Long pepper">Long pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_amada" title="Curcuma amada">Mango-ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahleb" title="Mahleb">Mahleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_plant" title="Mustard plant">Mustard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhamphospermum_nigrum" title="Rhamphospermum nigrum">black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassica_juncea" title="Brassica juncea">brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_mustard" title="White mustard">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricinodendron" title="Ricinodendron">Njangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">Nutmeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_powder" title="Onion powder">Onion powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_molle" title="Schinus molle">Peruvian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">Poppy seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammogeton_involucratus" title="Psammogeton involucratus">Radhuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_%C3%97_damascena" title="Rosa × damascena">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilax_ornata" title="Smilax ornata">Sarsaparilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassafras" title="Sassafras">Sassafras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">Sesame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper (<i>huājiāo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illicium_verum" title="Illicium verum">Star anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumac" title="Sumac">Sumac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">Tamarind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmannia_lanceolata" title="Tasmannia lanceolata">Tasmanian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipteryx_odorata" title="Dipteryx odorata">Tonka bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">Turmeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzazi" title="Uzazi">Uzazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">Vanilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_borbonense" title="Piper borbonense">Voatsiperifery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasabi" title="Wasabi">Wasabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu" title="Yuzu">Yuzu zest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_zedoaria" title="Curcuma zedoaria">Zedoary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberis_vulgaris" title="Berberis vulgaris">Zereshk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zest_(ingredient)" title="Zest (ingredient)">Zest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice_mix" title="Spice mix">Blends</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajika" title="Ajika">Adjika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advieh" title="Advieh">Advieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baharat" title="Baharat">Baharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Monde_seasoning" title="Beau Monde seasoning">Beau monde seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbere" title="Berbere">Berbere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouquet_garni" title="Bouquet garni">Bouquet garni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buknu" title="Buknu">Buknu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaat_masala" title="Chaat masala">Chaat masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempering_(spices)" title="Tempering (spices)">Chaunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_sugar" title="Cinnamon sugar">Cinnamon sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_boil" title="Crab boil">Crab boil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_powder" title="Curry powder">Curry powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubanjiang" title="Doubanjiang">Doubanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">Douchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fines_herbes" title="Fines herbes">Fines herbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-spice_powder" title="Five-spice powder">Five-spice powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garam_masala" title="Garam masala">Garam masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_powder" title="Garlic powder">Garlic powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_salt" title="Garlic salt">Garlic salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gochujang" title="Gochujang">Gochujang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harissa" title="Harissa">Harissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaij" title="Hawaij">Hawaij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbes_de_Provence" title="Herbes de Provence">Herbes de Provence</a></li> <li><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BAng_l%C3%ACu" title="Húng lìu">Húng lìu</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idli_podi" title="Idli podi">Idli podi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_seasoning" title="Italian seasoning">Italian seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerk_(cooking)" title="Jerk (cooking)">Jamaican jerk spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmeli_suneli" title="Khmeli suneli">Khmeli suneli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_pepper" title="Lemon pepper">Lemon pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitmita" title="Mitmita">Mitmita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_spice" title="Mixed spice">Mixed spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_steak_seasoning" title="Montreal steak seasoning">Montreal steak seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulling_spices" title="Mulling spices">Mulling spices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bay_Seasoning" title="Old Bay Seasoning">Old Bay Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panch_phoron" title="Panch phoron">Panch phoron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persillade" title="Persillade">Persillade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder-douce" title="Powder-douce">Powder-douce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie_spice" title="Pumpkin pie spice">Pumpkin pie spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%C3%A2lat_daqqa" title="Qâlat daqqa">Qâlat daqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quatre_%C3%A9pices" title="Quatre épices">Quatre épices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_el_hanout" title="Ras el hanout">Ras el hanout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recado_rojo" title="Recado rojo">Recado rojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharena_sol" title="Sharena sol">Sharena sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shichimi" title="Shichimi">Shichimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabil" title="Tabil">Tabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj%C3%ADn_seasoning" title="Tajín seasoning">Tajin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoori_masala" title="Tandoori masala">Tandoori masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuna_paha" title="Thuna paha">Thuna paha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadouvan" title="Vadouvan">Vadouvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu_kosh%C5%8D" title="Yuzu koshō">Yuzu koshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="List of culinary herbs and spices">Culinary</a></li> <li>By region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_herbs_and_spices" title="List of Australian herbs and spices">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_spices" title="List of Bangladeshi spices">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_spices" title="List of Indian spices">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_spices" title="List of Pakistani spices">Pakistani</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology" title="Chinese herbology">Chinese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">Herbal tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasoning" title="Seasoning">Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_rub" title="Spice rub">Spice rub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medicinal_herbs_and_fungi111" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Medicinal_herbs_and_fungi" title="Template:Medicinal herbs and fungi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Medicinal_herbs_and_fungi" title="Template talk:Medicinal herbs and fungi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medicinal_herbs_and_fungi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medicinal herbs and fungi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medicinal_herbs_and_fungi111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Medicinal herbs and fungi</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Herbs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfalfa" title="Alfalfa">Alfalfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloe_vera" title="Aloe vera">Aloe vera</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borututu" title="Borututu">Borututu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphorbia_hirta" title="Euphorbia hirta">Asthma-plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astragalus_propinquus" class="mw-redirect" title="Astragalus propinquus">Astragalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">Cannabis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis" title="Medical cannabis">medical use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">Caraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamomile" title="Chamomile">Chamomile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larrea_tridentata" title="Larrea tridentata">Chaparral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenugreek" title="Fenugreek">Fenugreek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanacetum_parthenium" title="Tanacetum parthenium">Feverfew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">Flaxseed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo_biloba" title="Ginkgo biloba">Ginkgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginseng" title="Ginseng">Ginseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldenseal" title="Goldenseal">Goldenseal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_balm" title="Lemon balm">Lemon balm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">Liquorice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendula_officinalis" title="Calendula officinalis">Marigold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althaea_officinalis" title="Althaea officinalis">Marsh-mallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azadirachta_indica" title="Azadirachta indica">Neem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaver_somniferum" title="Papaver somniferum">Opium poppy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peppermint" title="Peppermint">Peppermint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echinacea_purpurea" title="Echinacea purpurea">Purple coneflower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">Rosemary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvia_officinalis" title="Salvia officinalis">Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_anise" class="mw-redirect" title="Star anise">Star anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_savory" title="Summer savory">Summer savory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_tree_oil" title="Tea tree oil">Tea tree oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">Turmeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelargonium_sidoides" title="Pelargonium sidoides">Umckaloabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(herb)" title="Valerian (herb)">Valerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbena" title="Verbena">Verbena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salix_alba" title="Salix alba">White willow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achillea_millefolium" title="Achillea millefolium">Yarrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fungi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agaricus_subrufescens" title="Agaricus subrufescens">Almond mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inonotus_obliquus" title="Inonotus obliquus">Chaga mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echigoshirayukidake_(Basidiomycetes-X)" title="Echigoshirayukidake (Basidiomycetes-X)">Echigoshirayukidake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingzhi_mushroom" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingzhi mushroom">Lingzhi mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grifola_frondosa" title="Grifola frondosa">Maitake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshimakobu" title="Meshimakobu">Meshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morchella_esculenta" title="Morchella esculenta">Morel mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiitake" title="Shiitake">Shiitake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology" title="Chinese herbology">Chinese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Indian herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Medicine in the medieval Islamic world">Islamic herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kampo_herbs" title="List of kampo herbs">Japanese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Korean_medicine#Herbal_medicine" title="Traditional Korean medicine">Korean herbology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_signatures" title="Doctrine of signatures">Doctrine of signatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physic_garden" title="Physic garden">Herb garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal" title="Herbal">Herbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">Herbal tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbalism">Herbalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_plants" title="Medicinal plants">Medicinal plants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_plants_used_in_herbalism" title="List of plants used in herbalism">List of plants used in herbalism</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers5709" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers5709" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Pimpinella anisum</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28692" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q28692">Q28692</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pimpinella_anisum" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Pimpinella anisum">Pimpinella anisum</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/27062">27062</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/71118">71118</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id40287">40287</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4HWV3">4HWV3</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecocrop" title="Ecocrop">Ecocrop</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecocrop.review.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=8595">8595</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/581422">581422</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/PIMAN">PIMAN</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/151634">151634</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200015767">200015767</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200015767">200015767</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">FoIO: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flora.org.il/en/plants/PIMANI">PIMANI</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5371877">5371877</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=28395">28395</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/166878">166878</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/846658-1">846658-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11029312">11029312</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=29822">29822</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">MichiganFlora: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://michiganflora.net/species.aspx?id=136">136</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.154075/">2.154075</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0200002887">NBNSYS0200002887</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=271192">271192</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/b3d6b080-74a4-4d5f-ac4f-038b6b0304e0">b3d6b080-74a4-4d5f-ac4f-038b6b0304e0</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/7189/">7189</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=700330">700330</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_for_a_Future" title="Plants for a Future">PfaF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Pimpinella+anisum">Pimpinella anisum</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PFI: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dryades.units.it/floritaly/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&tipo=all&id=3479">3479</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2402426">kew-2402426</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/PIAN3">PIAN3</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A846658-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:846658-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">RHS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/73715/wd/Details">73715</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/1700194">1700194</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">WoI: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wildflowers.co.il/english/plant.asp?ID=2605">2605</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000390925">wfo-0000390925</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox877" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" 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249.003 1 Template:Taxonbar"," 14.09% 186.142 1 Template:Speciesbox"," 13.68% 180.666 1 Template:Taxobox/core"," 9.39% 124.021 18 Template:Cite_web"," 8.18% 107.994 21 Template:Lang"," 6.32% 83.532 3 Template:Navbox"," 5.57% 73.619 1 Template:Edible_Apiaceae"," 4.68% 61.785 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.790","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19794696,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaynes1878\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlockerFaheyTyrrell2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBranch\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollins2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDealbertoDesrayaud2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGabrielvon_Brandt,_Andres2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanachaudKatz,_Joseph_L.2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatzer1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewisShort1879\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPereiraMeireles2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter2012\"] = 1,\n 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-07T07:39:21Z","dateModified":"2024-11-18T05:35:42Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3b\/Koehler1887-PimpinellaAnisum.jpg","headline":"species of plant"}</script> </body> </html>