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William Henry Channing - Wikipedia
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searchaux" style="display:none">American Unitarian clergyman, writer and philosopher (1810-1884)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">William Henry Channing</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Henry_Channing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/William_Henry_Channing.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="210" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="210" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1810-05-25</span>)</span>May 25, 1810<br /><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, Massachusetts, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">December 23, 1884<span style="display:none">(1884-12-23)</span> (aged 74)<br />London, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Clergyman</li> <li>writer</li> <li>philosopher</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Harvard College, Harvard Divinity School</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_William_Henry_Channing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Signature_of_William_Henry_Channing.png/150px-Signature_of_William_Henry_Channing.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Signature_of_William_Henry_Channing.png/225px-Signature_of_William_Henry_Channing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Signature_of_William_Henry_Channing.png 2x" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="34" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William Henry Channing</b> (May 25, 1810 – December 23, 1884) was an American Unitarian clergyman, writer and philosopher. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Channing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>William Henry Channing was born in <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>. Channing's father, Francis Dana Channing, died when he was an infant,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and responsibility for the young man's education was assumed by his uncle, <a href="/wiki/William_Ellery_Channing" title="William Ellery Channing">William Ellery Channing</a>, the pre-eminent <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</a> theologian of the early nineteenth century. His other uncles included physician and Harvard professor <a href="/wiki/Walter_Channing_(physician)" title="Walter Channing (physician)">Walter Channing</a>, and Harvard professor of rhetorici <a href="/wiki/Edward_Tyrrel_Channing" title="Edward Tyrrel Channing">Edward Tyrrel Channing</a>. His grandfather was William Channing, <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Rhode_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General of Rhode Island">Attorney General of Rhode Island</a>. </p><p>Channing graduated from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard College</a> in 1829 and from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Divinity_School" title="Harvard Divinity School">Harvard Divinity School</a> in 1833. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Channing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Channing was ordained and installed over the Unitarian church in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati, Ohio">Cincinnati</a> in 1835. He became warmly interested in the schemes of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Charles Fourier</a> and others for social reorganization. He moved to Boston about 1847, afterward to <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester, New York</a> and to New York City, where, both as preacher and editor, he became a leader in a movement of <a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an early supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialistic movement</a> in the United States, he was editor of the <i>Present</i>, the <i>Spirit of the Age</i> and the <i>Harbinger</i>. In 1848 he presided over The Religious Union of Associationists in Boston, a socialist group which included many members of the <a href="/wiki/Brook_Farm" title="Brook Farm">Brook Farm</a> commune. </p><p>Channing took active part in the early years of the woman’s rights movement. He signed the call for and attended the first <a href="/wiki/National_Woman%27s_Rights_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="National Woman's Rights Convention">National Woman's Rights Convention</a> in 1850, where he was appointed to the National Women’s Rights Central Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-million_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-million-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As minister of the <a href="/wiki/First_Unitarian_Church_of_Rochester" title="First Unitarian Church of Rochester">First Unitarian Church of Rochester</a> in 1852, he influenced <a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a>, a member of his congregation who was a young schoolteacher on the threshold of her career as a women's rights activist. <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a>, Anthony's close friend and co-worker, said in her autobiography that, "She [Anthony] first found words to express her convictions in listening to Rev. William Henry Channing, whose teaching had a lasting spiritual influence upon her."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Channing wrote the call for and played a leading role in the Women's Rights Convention that Anthony organized in Rochester in 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The convention launched a petition campaign for equal legal and voting rights for women, for which Channing wrote the petitions and, with <a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Rose" title="Ernestine Rose">Ernestine Rose</a>, addressed a select committee of the New York Senate in February 1854.<sup id="cite_ref-million_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-million-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1854-1857, Channing was minister at <a href="/wiki/Renshaw_Street_Unitarian_Chapel" title="Renshaw Street Unitarian Chapel">Renshaw Street Unitarian Chapel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, England.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1857, he succeeded <a href="/wiki/James_Martineau" title="James Martineau">James Martineau</a> as minister of the <a href="/wiki/Hope_Street_Unitarian_Chapel" title="Hope Street Unitarian Chapel">Hope Street Unitarian Chapel</a>, Liverpool, England. At the commencement of the American Civil War, he returned (1862) and took charge of the Unitarian church in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D. C.</a> William Henry Channing, along with the younger <a href="/wiki/William_Ellery_Channing_(poet)" title="William Ellery Channing (poet)">Ellery Channing</a>, was a <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcendentalist">Transcendentalist</a>. He was a prolific writer, contributing to the <i><a href="/wiki/North_American_Review" title="North American Review">North American Review</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dial" title="The Dial">Dial</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Examiner" class="mw-redirect" title="The Christian Examiner">Christian Examiner</a></i>, and other serials, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Club" title="Transcendental Club">Transcendental Club</a>, a close friend of <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a> and corresponded with <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>. </p><p>Among his inspirational writings, one piece, his "Symphony", is well-known:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><i>To live content with small means; to seek elegance rather than luxury, and refinement rather than fashion; to be worthy, not respectable, and wealthy, not rich; to listen to stars and birds, babes and sages, with open heart; to study hard; to think quietly, act frankly, talk gently, await occasions, hurry never; in a word, to let the spiritual, unbidden and unconscious, grow up through the common — this is my symphony.</i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Channing was, in 1863 and 1864, the <a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives">Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives</a>. He died in London. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Channing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Channing was married to Julia Maria Allen. Their children include the author and poet, <a href="/wiki/Blanche_Mary_Channing" title="Blanche Mary Channing">Blanche Mary Channing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Channing,_1st_Baron_Channing_of_Wellingborough" title="Francis Channing, 1st Baron Channing of Wellingborough">Francis Channing, 1st Baron Channing of Wellingborough</a>. He died in London. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Larger_works">Larger works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Channing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Larger works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>A translation of <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Simon_Jouffroy" title="Théodore Simon Jouffroy">Jouffroy</a>'s </i>Ethics<i> (1840)</i></li> <li><i>Memoir of</i> [his uncle] <i><a href="/wiki/William_Ellery_Channing" title="William Ellery Channing">William Ellery Channing</a></i> (three volumes, 1848)</li> <li><i>Memoir of</i> [his cousin] <i><a href="/wiki/The_Reverend" title="The Reverend">the Rev.</a> James H. Perkins</i> (1851)</li> <li><i>Memoir of <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller Ossoli</a></i> (in conjunction with Emerson and <a href="/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke" title="James Freeman Clarke">J. F. Clarke</a> (1852)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Channing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>For his <i>Life</i> consult <a href="/wiki/Octavius_Brooks_Frothingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Octavius Brooks Frothingham">O. B. Frothingham</a> (Boston, 1886)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Channing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Normal_School_for_Colored_Girls" title="Normal School for Colored Girls">Normal School for Colored Girls</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Channing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilsonFiske1900" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Grant_Wilson" title="James Grant Wilson">Wilson, J. G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Fiske_(philosopher)" title="John Fiske (philosopher)">Fiske, J.</a>, eds. (1900). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Channing, William Ellery"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Channing,_William_Ellery">"Channing, William Ellery" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography" title="Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography">Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography</a></i>. New York: D. Appleton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Channing%2C+William+Ellery&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+American+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Henry+Channing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-million-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-million_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-million_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Million, Joelle (2003) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ydeGAAAAMAAJ"><i>Woman's Voice, Woman's Place: Lucy Stone and the Birth of the Women's Rights Movement</i></a>, Praeger <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-97877-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-97877-X">0-275-97877-X</a>, pp. 106, 293 note 26, 167-168, 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanton1898" class="citation book cs1">Stanton, Elizabeth Cady (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eightyyearsandm00stangoog"><i>Eighty years and more (1815-1897): Reminiscences of Elizabeth Cady Stanton</i></a>. New York: European Publishing Co. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eightyyearsandm00stangoog/page/n185">160</a>–161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780876810828" title="Special:BookSources/9780876810828"><bdi>9780876810828</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eighty+years+and+more+%281815-1897%29%3A+Reminiscences+of+Elizabeth+Cady+Stanton&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=160-161&rft.pub=European+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1898&rft.isbn=9780876810828&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+Cady&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feightyyearsandm00stangoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Henry+Channing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper1898–1908" class="citation book cs1">Harper, Ida Husted (1898–1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n155/mode/2up"><i>The Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony</i></a>. Indianapolis: Hollenbeck Press. pp. 104–105.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Work+of+Susan+B.+Anthony&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pages=104-105&rft.pub=Hollenbeck+Press&rft.date=1898%2F1908&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Ida+Husted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Flifeandworksusa00unkngoog%23page%2Fn155%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Henry+Channing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChappleShelston2004" class="citation book cs1">Chapple, John; Shelston, Alan, eds. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NZaNtFTA6LAC&pg=PA168"><i>Further Letters of Mrs. Gaskell</i></a>. Manchester University Press. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-71906-771-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-71906-771-6"><bdi>978-0-71906-771-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Further+Letters+of+Mrs.+Gaskell&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-71906-771-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNZaNtFTA6LAC%26pg%3DPA168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Henry+Channing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWirzbicki2021" class="citation book cs1">Wirzbicki, Peter (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PMIXEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA137"><i>Fighting for the Higher Law: Black and White Transcendentalists Against Slavery</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0812252910" title="Special:BookSources/978-0812252910"><bdi>978-0812252910</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+for+the+Higher+Law%3A+Black+and+White+Transcendentalists+Against+Slavery&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0812252910&rft.aulast=Wirzbicki&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPMIXEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Henry+Channing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Octavius_Brooks_Frothingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Octavius Brooks Frothingham">Octavius Brooks Frothingham</a> (1886) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memoirwilliamhe00frotgoog/page/n170"><i>Memoir of William Henry Channing</i>, p. 166</a>, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, New York and Boston</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Channing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Channing%2C%20William%20Henry%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Channing%2C%20William%20H%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Channing%2C%20W%2E%20H%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22William%20Henry%20Channing%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22William%20H%2E%20Channing%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22W%2E%20H%2E%20Channing%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22William%20Henry%20Channing%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22William%20H%2E%20Channing%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22W%2E%20H%2E%20Channing%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22W%2E%20Henry%20Channing%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Channing%2C%20William%20Henry%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Channing%2C%20William%20H%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Channing%2C%20W%2E%20H%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Channing%2C%20W%2E%20Henry%22%20OR%20title%3A%22William%20Henry%20Channing%22%20OR%20title%3A%22William%20H%2E%20Channing%22%20OR%20title%3A%22W%2E%20H%2E%20Channing%22%20OR%20description%3A%22William%20Henry%20Channing%22%20OR%20description%3A%22William%20H%2E%20Channing%22%20OR%20description%3A%22W%2E%20H%2E%20Channing%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Channing%2C%20William%20Henry%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Channing%2C%20William%20H%2E%22%29%20OR%20%28%221810-1884%22%20AND%20Channing%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about William Henry Channing</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ripley_(transcendentalist)" title="George Ripley (transcendentalist)">George Ripley</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Anderson_Dana" title="Charles Anderson Dana">Charles A. (Charles Anderson) Dana</a>, editors (1873) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R8l0CL30wvsC&pg=PA264">"Channing, William Henry"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Cyclopaedia" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Cyclopaedia">The American Cyclopaedia</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/D._Appleton_%26_Company" title="D. Appleton & Company">D. Appleton & Company</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="wikisource-logo.svg"><img alt="wikisource-logo.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilmanPeckColby1905" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Coit_Gilman" title="Daniel Coit Gilman">Gilman, D. C.</a>; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Channing, William Henry". <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i> (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Channing%2C+William+Henry&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Henry+Channing" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;">Religious titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Stockton" title="Thomas H. Stockton">Thomas H. Stockton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Chaplain" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives Chaplain">43rd US House Chaplain</a> </b><br />December 7, 1863 – December 4, 1865 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Boynton" title="Charles B. Boynton">Charles B. Boynton</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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of Representatives">of the United States House of Representatives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Linn_(clergyman)" title="William Linn (clergyman)">Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Blair_(chaplain)" title="Samuel Blair (chaplain)">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashbel_Green" title="Ashbel Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Lyell_(chaplain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Lyell (chaplain) (page does not exist)">Lyell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Parkinson_(chaplain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Parkinson (chaplain) (page does not exist)">Parkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Laurie_(chaplain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Laurie (chaplain) (page does not exist)">Laurie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Elliott_(chaplain)" title="Robert Elliott (chaplain)">Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah_Bruen_Brown" title="Obadiah Bruen Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Lee_(Methodist)" title="Jesse Lee (Methodist)">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Snethen" title="Nicholas Snethen">Snethen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Lee_(Methodist)" title="Jesse Lee (Methodist)">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah_Bruen_Brown" title="Obadiah Bruen Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Houghton_Cone" title="Spencer Houghton Cone">Cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgiss_Allison" title="Burgiss Allison">Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nicholson_Campbell" title="John Nicholson Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Sparks" title="Jared Sparks">Sparks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brackenridge_(clergyman)" title="John Brackenridge (clergyman)">Brackenridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bidleman_Bascom" title="Henry Bidleman Bascom">Bascom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Post" title="Reuben Post">Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Randolph_Gurley" title="Ralph Randolph Gurley">Gurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Post" title="Reuben Post">Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Stockton" title="Thomas H. Stockton">Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Dunlap_Smith" title="Edward Dunlap Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Stockton" title="Thomas H. Stockton">Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_C._Comstock" title="Oliver C. Comstock">Comstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimus_Tustin" title="Septimus Tustin">Tustin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levi_R._Reese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levi R. Reese (page does not exist)">Reese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Bates_(educator)" title="Joshua Bates (educator)">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_W._Braxton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas W. Braxton (page does not exist)">Braxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._French" title="John W. French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Newland_Maffitt_(preacher)" title="John Newland Maffitt (preacher)">Maffitt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_T._Tiffany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick T. Tiffany (page does not exist)">Tiffany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_S._Tinsley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaac S. Tinsley (page does not exist)">Tinsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Mitchel_Daily" title="William Mitchel Daily">Daily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Milburn" title="William Henry Milburn">Milburn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_T.S._Sprole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William T.S. Sprole (page does not exist)">Sprole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Randolph_Gurley" title="Ralph Randolph Gurley">Gurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyttleton_Morgan" title="Lyttleton Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gallaher" title="James Gallaher">Gallaher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Milburn" title="William Henry Milburn">Milburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Stockton" title="Thomas H. Stockton">Stockton</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Channing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Boynton" title="Charles B. Boynton">Boynton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_George_Butler" title="John George Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel_Leander_Townsend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Israel Leander Townsend (page does not exist)">Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Poise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Poise (page does not exist)">Poise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W.P._Harrison" class="mw-redirect" title="W.P. Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Dunglison_Power&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Dunglison Power (page does not exist)">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Summerfield_Lindsay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Summerfield Lindsay (page does not exist)">Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Milburn" title="William Henry Milburn">Milburn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_W._Haddaway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel W. Haddaway (page does not exist)">Haddaway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_B._Bagby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward B. Bagby (page does not exist)">Bagby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_N._Couden" title="Henry N. Couden">Couden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Shera_Montgomery" title="James Shera Montgomery">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Braskamp" title="Bernard Braskamp">Braskamp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_G._Latch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward G. Latch (page does not exist)">Latch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Ford" title="James D. Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_P._Coughlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel P. Coughlin">Coughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Conroy" title="Patrick J. Conroy">Conroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_G._Kibben" title="Margaret G. Kibben">Kibben</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Listed in chronological order of succession</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8011926#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8011926#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8011926#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000082249643">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/47900348">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/196523/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcgCjT9XWVQB776kFv4MP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/131654705">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86023950">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10583463d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10583463d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p14230168X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000181217">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/229070">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007359339405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14371005">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/075869896">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6bg2v4n">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐rbglq Cached time: 20241122152457 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.489 seconds Real time usage: 0.647 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3243/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 53006/2097152 bytes Template 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