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title="Vohu Manah – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vohu Manah" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%85%D9%86_(%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="بهمن (امشاسپند) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بهمن (امشاسپند)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vohu_Manah" title="Vohu Manah – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vohu Manah" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%94%D7%95_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94" title="ווהו מאנה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ווהו מאנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8A%E3%83%95" title="ウォフ・マナフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウォフ・マナフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vohu_manah" title="Vohu manah – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vohu manah" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wohu_Manah" title="Wohu Manah – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wohu Manah" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bam%C3%A3" title="Bamã – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bamã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vohu_Manah" title="Vohu Manah – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vohu Manah" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vohu_Manah" title="Vohu Manah – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vohu Manah" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vohu_Manah" title="Vohu Manah – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vohu Manah" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuhumen" title="Vuhumen – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Vuhumen" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Vohu_Manah" title="Special:EditPage/Vohu Manah">improve this article</a> by <a 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Vohu+Manah%22">"Vohu Manah"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Vohu+Manah%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Vohu+Manah%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Vohu+Manah%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Vohu+Manah%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Vohu+Manah%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 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title="Kanishka I">Kanishka I</a> with <i>Manaobago</i> (Vohu Manah).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Zoroastrianism" title="Category:Zoroastrianism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Faravahar" title="Faravahar"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/220px-Faravahar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/330px-Faravahar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/440px-Faravahar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Primary topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroaster" title="Zoroaster">Zarathustra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asha" title="Asha">Asha</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vohu Manah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Persia/Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faravahar" title="Faravahar">Faravahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan">Avestan</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Divine entities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amesha_Spenta" title="Amesha Spenta">Amesha Spentas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazata" title="Yazata">Yazatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahura" title="Ahura">Ahuras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daeva" title="Daeva">Daevas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fravashi" title="Fravashi">Fravashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angra_Mainyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Angra Mainyu">Angra Mainyu</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Scripture and worship</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_literature" title="Zoroastrian literature">Zoroastrian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avesta" title="Avesta">Avesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashem_Vohu" title="Ashem Vohu">Ashem Vohu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahuna_Vairya" title="Ahuna Vairya">Ahuna Vairya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenghe_hatam" title="Yenghe hatam">Yenghe hatam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airyaman_ishya" title="Airyaman ishya">Airyaman ishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_temple" title="Fire temple">Fire Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/101_Names_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="101 Names of God">101 Names of Ahura Mazda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adur_Burzen-Mihr" title="Adur Burzen-Mihr">Adur Burzen-Mihr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adur_Farnbag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adur Farnbag (page does not exist)">Adur Farnbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adur_Gushnasp" title="Adur Gushnasp">Adur Gushnasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_of_Kashmar" title="Cypress of Kashmar">Cypress of Kashmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gathas">Gathas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasna" title="Yasna">Yasna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendidad" title="Vendidad">Vendidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visperad" title="Visperad">Visperad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasht" title="Yasht">Yashts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordeh_Avesta" title="Khordeh Avesta">Khordeh Avesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rivayats" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rivayats">The Rivayats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab-Zohr" title="Ab-Zohr">Ab-Zohr</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Accounts and legends</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denkard" title="Denkard">Dēnkard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundahishn" title="Bundahishn">Bundahišn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Arda_Viraf" title="Book of Arda Viraf">Book of Arda Viraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamasp_Namag" title="Jamasp Namag">Book of Jamasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qissa-i_Sanjan" title="Qissa-i Sanjan">Story of Sanjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinvat_Bridge" title="Chinvat Bridge">Chinvat Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frashokereti" title="Frashokereti">Frashokereti</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">History and culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zurvanism" title="Zurvanism">Zurvanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdakism" title="Mazdakism">Mazdakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khurramites" title="Khurramites">Khurramites</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_calendar" title="Zoroastrian calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_festivals" title="Zoroastrian festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navjote" title="Navjote">Initiation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kushti" title="Kushti">Kushti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedreh" title="Sedreh">Sedreh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_wedding" title="Zoroastrian wedding">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Silence" title="Tower of Silence">Burial</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Adherents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Afghanistan" title="Zoroastrianism in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Armenia" title="Zoroastrianism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Zoroastrianism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrianism in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Sichuan" title="Zoroastrianism in Sichuan">Sichuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_India" title="Zoroastrianism in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranis_(India)" title="Iranis (India)">Iranis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Iran" title="Zoroastrianism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iraq#Zoroastrianism" title="Religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrianism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsis" title="Parsis">Parsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_the_United_States" title="Zoroastrianism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrianism in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Persecution of Zoroastrians</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Zoroastrianism" title="Criticism of Zoroastrianism">Criticism of Zoroastrianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_cosmology" title="Zoroastrian cosmology">Zoroastrian cosmology</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/20px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/40px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Zoroastrianism_sidebar" title="Template:Zoroastrianism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Zoroastrianism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Zoroastrianism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Zoroastrianism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Zoroastrianism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vohu Manah</b> (<a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan">Avestan</a>: 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬎 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬵 <i>vohu manah</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Avestan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Avestan language">Avestan language</a> term for a <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrian</a> concept, generally translated as "Good Purpose", "Good Mind", or "Good Thought", referring to the good state of mind that enables an individual to accomplish their duties. Its <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a> equivalent, as attested in the <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahlavi script">Pahlavi script</a> texts of Zoroastrian tradition, is 𐭥𐭤𐭥𐭬𐭭 <i>Wahman</i>, which is a borrowing of the Avestan language expression and has the same meaning, and which continues in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">New Persian</a> as <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">بهمن</span></span> <i>Bahman</i> and variants. Manah is cognate with the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> word Manas suggesting some commonality between the ideas of the <a href="/wiki/Gathas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gathas">Gathas</a> and those of the <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a>. The opposite of Vohu Manah is <i>akem manah</i> or <a href="/wiki/Aka_Manah" title="Aka Manah">Aka Manah</a>, "evil purpose" or "evil mind". </p><p>The term is a compound of the words <i>vohu</i> "good" and <i>manah</i> "mind, thought, purpose", cognate with the <a href="/wiki/Vedic_Sanskrit" title="Vedic Sanskrit">Vedic</a> words <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81#Sanskrit" class="extiw" title="wikt:वसु"><i>vásu</i></a> and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D#Sanskrit" class="extiw" title="wikt:मनस्"><i>mánas</i></a>, both with the same meaning. Both of these derive from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_language" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian language">Proto-Indo-Iranian</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hw%C3%A1su%C5%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hwásuš"><i>*Hwásuš</i></a> and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/m%C3%A1nas" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/mánas"><i>*mánas</i></a>, in turn from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h%E2%82%81w%C3%A9sus" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁wésus"><i>*h₁wésus</i></a> and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/m%C3%A9nos" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ménos"><i>*ménos</i></a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Gathas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gathas">Gathas</a>, the oldest texts of the <a href="/wiki/Avesta" title="Avesta">Avesta</a> and considered to be composed by <a href="/wiki/Zoroaster" title="Zoroaster">Zoroaster</a>, the term 'Vohu Manah' is not unambiguously used as a proper name and frequently occurs without the "Good" (<i>Vohu-</i>) prefix. </p><p>In the post-Gathic texts that expound the principles of <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_cosmogony" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian cosmogony">Zoroastrian cosmogony</a>, Vohu Manah is an <a href="/wiki/Amesha_Spenta" title="Amesha Spenta">Amesha Spenta</a>, one of seven emanations of <a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a> that each represent one facet of creation. In the case of Vohu Manah, this is all animal creation, with a particular stress on <a href="/wiki/Cattle_in_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattle in religion">cattle</a>. Vohu Manah is of neutral gender in Avestan grammar but in Zoroastrian tradition is considered masculine. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_calendar" title="Zoroastrian calendar">Zoroastrian calendar</a>, the second day of each month as well as the eleventh month of each year are dedicated to Vohu Manah. In the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian calendar">Iranian civil calendar</a>, which inherits the names of the months from the Zoroastrian calendar, the 11th month is likewise named Bahman. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid">Achaemenid</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_II" title="Artaxerxes II">Artaxerxes II</a> (as it is rendered in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>) had "Vohu Manah" as the second part of his throne name, which when "translated" into Greek appeared as "Mnemon". <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">New Persian</a> <i>Bahman</i> remains a <a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">theophoric</a> in present-day Iranian and Zoroastrian tradition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vohu_Manah&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amesha_Spenta" title="Amesha Spenta"><i>Amesha Spenta</i>s</a>, the emanations of Ahura Mazda in Zoroastrianism.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vohu_Manah&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDaniHarmatta" class="citation book cs1">Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Harmatta, János. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DguGWP0vGY8C&pg=PA324"><i>History of Civilizations of Central Asia</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 324. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1408-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1408-0"><bdi>978-81-208-1408-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Civilizations+of+Central+Asia&rft.pages=324&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publ.&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1408-0&rft.aulast=Dani&rft.aufirst=Ahmad+Hasan&rft.au=Harmatta%2C+J%C3%A1nos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDguGWP0vGY8C%26pg%3DPA324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVohu+Manah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNarten1989" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Narten, Joanna (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahman-vohu-manah#pt1">"Bahman i: In the Avesta"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i>. Vol. 3. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. <span class="nowrap">487–</span>488.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bahman+i%3A+In+the+Avesta&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E487-%3C%2Fspan%3E488&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Narten&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbahman-vohu-manah%23pt1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVohu+Manah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGignoux1989" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gignoux, Phillipe (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahman-vohu-manah#pt2">"Bahman ii: In the Pahlavi texts"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i>. Vol. 3. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 487.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bahman+ii%3A+In+the+Pahlavi+texts&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=487&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Gignoux&rft.aufirst=Phillipe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbahman-vohu-manah%23pt2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVohu+Manah" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Zoroastrian_calendar" title="Template:Zoroastrian calendar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Zoroastrian_calendar" title="Template talk:Zoroastrian calendar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Zoroastrian_calendar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Zoroastrian calendar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Zoroastrian-Iranian_calendar138" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_calendar" title="Zoroastrian calendar">Zoroastrian</a>-<a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian calendar">Iranian calendar</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Hormazd</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asha" title="Asha">Ardibehest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshathra_Vairya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kshathra Vairya">Shehrevar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spenta_Armaiti" title="Spenta Armaiti">Aspandarmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordad" title="Khordad">Khordad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameretat" title="Ameretat">Amardad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dadvah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dadvah (page does not exist)">Dae-Pa-Adar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atar" title="Atar">Adar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aban" title="Aban">Avan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hvare-khshaeta" title="Hvare-khshaeta">Khorshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah" title="Mah">Mohor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishtrya" title="Tishtrya">Tir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavaevodata" title="Gavaevodata">Gosh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dadvah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dadvah (page does not exist)">Dae-Pa-Meher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithra" title="Mithra">Meher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarosh">Srosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashnu" title="Rashnu">Rashne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fravashi" title="Fravashi">Fravardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verethragna" title="Verethragna">Behram</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rāman (page does not exist)">Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vata-Vayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Vata-Vayu">Govad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dadvah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dadvah (page does not exist)">Dae-Pa-Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daena" title="Daena">Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashi_Vanghuhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashi Vanghuhi">Ashishvangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtad" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashtad">Ashtad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asman" title="Asman">Asman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zam" title="Zam">Zamyad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manthra_Spenta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manthra Spenta (page does not exist)">Mahraspand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anagra_Raocha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anagra Raocha (page does not exist)">Aneran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Months</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fravashi" title="Fravashi">Fravardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asha" title="Asha">Ardibehest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordad" title="Khordad">Khordad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishtrya" title="Tishtrya">Tir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spenta_Armaiti" title="Spenta Armaiti">Amardad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshathra_Vairya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kshathra Vairya">Shehrevar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithra" title="Mithra">Meher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aban" title="Aban">Avan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atar" title="Atar">Adar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dadvah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dadvah (page does not exist)">Dae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahman" title="Bahman">Bahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spenta_Armaiti" title="Spenta Armaiti">Aspandarmad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gahanbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gahanbar">Gambhars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pateti" class="mw-redirect" title="Pateti">Pateti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordad_Sal" title="Khordad Sal">Khordad Sal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zartosht_No-Diso" title="Zartosht No-Diso">Zartosht No-Diso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadeh" title="Sadeh">Sadeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_festivals#Name-day_feasts" title="Zoroastrian festivals">Jashe/Parab days</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farvardigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Farvardigan">Fravardigan (Mukhtad)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ardibeheshtgan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ardibeheshtgan (page does not exist)">Ardibeheshtgan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khordadgan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khordadgan (page does not exist)">Khordadgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiregan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiregan">Tiragan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amordadegan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amordadegan (page does not exist)">Amordadegan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrivargan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrivargan (page does not exist)">Shahrivargan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehragan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehragan">Meheragan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abanegan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abanegan">Abanegan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azargan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azargan (page does not exist)">Azargan</a></li> <li>Daegan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahmanagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahmanagan">Bahmanagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepandarmazgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sepandarmazgan">Sepandarmazgan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/40px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/60px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/120px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion 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