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This study attempts to estimate the aggregate import demand" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/twitter-card.jpeg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/28025766/AN_ECONOMETRIC_ESTIMATION_OF_TRADITIONAL_IMPORT_DEMAND_FUNCTION_FOR_PAKISTAN" /> <meta property="og:title" content="AN ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF TRADITIONAL IMPORT DEMAND FUNCTION FOR PAKISTAN" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Many studies have estimated the aggregate import demand function for Pakistan by using non-stationary data. 1 Their findings suffer from the so-called &#39;spurious regression&#39; problem. This study attempts to estimate the aggregate import demand" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/HassanDhedhi" /> <meta name="description" content="Many studies have estimated the aggregate import demand function for Pakistan by using non-stationary data. 1 Their findings suffer from the so-called &#39;spurious regression&#39; problem. This study attempts to estimate the aggregate import demand" /> <title>(PDF) AN ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF TRADITIONAL IMPORT DEMAND FUNCTION FOR PAKISTAN | Hassan Dhedhi - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/28025766/AN_ECONOMETRIC_ESTIMATION_OF_TRADITIONAL_IMPORT_DEMAND_FUNCTION_FOR_PAKISTAN" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '0448be8f82c4b6488fc3b64a9209e1d9c6d8000d'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732761900000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732761900000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Many studies have estimated the aggregate import demand function for Pakistan by using non-stationary data. 1 Their findings suffer from the so-called \u0026amp;#39;spurious regression\u0026amp;#39; problem. This study attempts to estimate the aggregate import demand function for Pakistan by employing Johansen and Juselius cointegration technique on the annual data for the period 1975-2005. Our results show that there is long-run equilibrium relationship among variables and the stability tests indicate that import demand function remains stable over the sample period and hence the estimated results are appropriate for policy implications.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Hassan Dhedhi"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2016-08-26","dateModified":"2016-08-26","datePublished":null,"headline":"AN ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF TRADITIONAL IMPORT DEMAND FUNCTION FOR PAKISTAN","inLanguage":"en","keywords":[],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/28025766/AN_ECONOMETRIC_ESTIMATION_OF_TRADITIONAL_IMPORT_DEMAND_FUNCTION_FOR_PAKISTAN","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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data. 1 Their findings suffer from the so-called 'spurious regression' problem. This study attempts to estimate the aggregate import demand function for Pakistan by employing Johansen and Juselius cointegration technique on the annual data for the period 1975-2005. Our results show that there is long-run equilibrium relationship among variables and the stability tests indicate that import demand function remains stable over the sample period and hence the estimated results are appropriate for policy implications."},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"AN ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF TRADITIONAL IMPORT DEMAND FUNCTION FOR PAKISTAN","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [52540285]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":48332120,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “AN ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF TRADITIONAL IMPORT DEMAND FUNCTION FOR PAKISTAN”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/48332120/mini_magick20190204-3439-1y7l7c1.png?1549281124" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">AN ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF TRADITIONAL IMPORT DEMAND FUNCTION FOR PAKISTAN</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="52540285" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HassanDhedhi"><img alt="Profile image of Hassan Dhedhi" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Hassan Dhedhi</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">12 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 28025766; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=28025766"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { const viewCountNumber = Number(viewCount); if (!viewCountNumber) { throw new Error('Failed to parse view count'); } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (viewCountBody) { viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } else { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Many studies have estimated the aggregate import demand function for Pakistan by using non-stationary data. 1 Their findings suffer from the so-called 'spurious regression' problem. This study attempts to estimate the aggregate import demand function for Pakistan by employing Johansen and Juselius cointegration technique on the annual data for the period 1975-2005. Our results show that there is long-run equilibrium relationship among variables and the stability tests indicate that import demand function remains stable over the sample period and hence the estimated results are appropriate for policy implications.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":48332120,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/28025766/AN_ECONOMETRIC_ESTIMATION_OF_TRADITIONAL_IMPORT_DEMAND_FUNCTION_FOR_PAKISTAN"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":48332120,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/28025766/AN_ECONOMETRIC_ESTIMATION_OF_TRADITIONAL_IMPORT_DEMAND_FUNCTION_FOR_PAKISTAN"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="48332120" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/28025766/AN_ECONOMETRIC_ESTIMATION_OF_TRADITIONAL_IMPORT_DEMAND_FUNCTION_FOR_PAKISTAN" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="82864385" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82864385/Aggregate_Import_Demand_Function_for_Pakistan_A_Co_Integration_Approach">Aggregate Import Demand Function for Pakistan: A Co-Integration Approach</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38867670" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BaigAqeel">Mirza Aqeel Baig</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Aggregate Import Demand Function for Pakistan: A Co-Integration Approach","attachmentId":88427171,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82864385/Aggregate_Import_Demand_Function_for_Pakistan_A_Co_Integration_Approach","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82864385/Aggregate_Import_Demand_Function_for_Pakistan_A_Co_Integration_Approach"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="1885244" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1885244/The_Role_of_Expenditure_Components_in_Determination_of_Import_Demand_Empirical_Evidence_from_Pakistan">The Role of Expenditure Components in Determination of Import Demand: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="499266" href="https://ciitisb.academia.edu/MuhammadIrfanChani">Muhammad Irfan Chani</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social …, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study is aimed at in-depth empirical analysis of impact of final expenditure components on import demand in Pakistan. ARDL bound testing approach to cointegration is used to analyze the long run relationship of import demand, relative prices of imports and components of final expenditure like household consumption, investment, exports and government consumption expenditures. Empirical results show that there exists a long run relationship between import demand and the macro components of final expenditure and relative prices. Long run coefficients indicate that elasticity of import demand with respect to different macro components of final expenditure is different. The impact of the all expenditure components on import demand is positive and significant. The relative prices have negative but insignificant relationship with import demand in Pakistan. For the analysis of Short Run dynamics, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) has been used. The results show that all expenditure components have positive and significant impact on import demand in Pakistan while the effect of relative prices is also statistically insignificant in short run.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Role of Expenditure Components in Determination of Import Demand: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan","attachmentId":27069411,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1885244/The_Role_of_Expenditure_Components_in_Determination_of_Import_Demand_Empirical_Evidence_from_Pakistan","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1885244/The_Role_of_Expenditure_Components_in_Determination_of_Import_Demand_Empirical_Evidence_from_Pakistan"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="67328372" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67328372/An_Estimation_of_Disaggregate_Import_DEMAND_Function_for_Pakistan">An Estimation of Disaggregate Import DEMAND Function for Pakistan</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="112310948" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrSajjadAhmadKhan">Dr. Sajjad Ahmad Khan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Import is an actually most important variable of an open economy. It would be meaningful to explore the determinants causes change in import demand. The present study purpose is an estimation of disaggregate import demand function. The Engle-Granger and Bound tests were conducted to investigate the consistency of long run parameters between import demand and it&#39;s determinants for Pakistan during the period of 1981 to 2009. Prior the testing for co-integration, ADF and PP tests has confirmed that all of the variables are I (1). The result from co-integration shows the presence of long run relationship in import demand and its determinants regardless of estimation methods. The estimated long run elasticities of import demand with respect to consumption expenditure, investment expenditure, export expenditure and relative prices are range over (0.40, 0.38), (0.57, 0.77), (-0.17, -0.26) and (-0.53, -0.59) using Bound and EG procedures respectively. The results are first, distributed ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An Estimation of Disaggregate Import DEMAND Function for Pakistan","attachmentId":78186845,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67328372/An_Estimation_of_Disaggregate_Import_DEMAND_Function_for_Pakistan","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67328372/An_Estimation_of_Disaggregate_Import_DEMAND_Function_for_Pakistan"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="6213933" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6213933/A_REASSESSMENT_OF_PAKISTANS_AGGREGATE_IMPORT_DEMAND_FUNCTION_AN_APPLICATION_OF_ARDL_APPROACH">A REASSESSMENT OF PAKISTAN'S AGGREGATE IMPORT DEMAND FUNCTION: AN APPLICATION OF ARDL APPROACH</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9517541" href="https://karachi.academia.edu/ShaistaAlam">Shaista Alam</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A REASSESSMENT OF PAKISTAN'S AGGREGATE IMPORT DEMAND FUNCTION: AN APPLICATION OF ARDL APPROACH","attachmentId":33085270,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6213933/A_REASSESSMENT_OF_PAKISTANS_AGGREGATE_IMPORT_DEMAND_FUNCTION_AN_APPLICATION_OF_ARDL_APPROACH","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6213933/A_REASSESSMENT_OF_PAKISTANS_AGGREGATE_IMPORT_DEMAND_FUNCTION_AN_APPLICATION_OF_ARDL_APPROACH"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="71489008" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71489008/Testing_Long_Run_Relationship_between_Exports_and_Imports_Evidence_from_Pakistan">Testing Long Run Relationship between Exports and Imports: Evidence from Pakistan</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="17298640" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MukhtarT">Tahir Mukhtar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Exports and imports together play an integral role in determining the trade balance of a country. In this respect the dynamics of relationship between these variables hold significant importance and attract the researchers for testing the nature of relationship between exports and imports. This study empirically examines the long run relationship between exports and imports for Pakistan using quarterly data for the period 1972-2006. The econometric framework used for analysis is the Johansen Maximum Likelihood cointegration technique, which tests both the existence and the number of cointegration vectors. Results show that there is a long run relationship between exports and imports and the country is not in violation of its international budget constraint. Furthermore, for testing the stability of long run equilibrium relationship and direction of causality, vector error correction model (VECM) technique has been applied. The findings confirm the stability of the long run equilibri...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Testing Long Run Relationship between Exports and Imports: Evidence from Pakistan","attachmentId":80809399,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71489008/Testing_Long_Run_Relationship_between_Exports_and_Imports_Evidence_from_Pakistan","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71489008/Testing_Long_Run_Relationship_between_Exports_and_Imports_Evidence_from_Pakistan"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="859489" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/859489/Determination_of_Import_Demand_in_Pakistan_The_Role_of_Expenditure_Components">Determination of Import Demand in Pakistan: The Role of Expenditure Components</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="499266" href="https://ciitisb.academia.edu/MuhammadIrfanChani">Muhammad Irfan Chani</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="836229" href="https://ncbae.academia.edu/ZahidPervaiz">Zahid Pervaiz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The paper uses imperfect substitution approach to derive the aggregate import demand function on the basis of disaggregated expenditure components. This derived import demand function is then empirically tested for Pakistan by using co-integration and error correction mechanism. The empirical results show that elasticity of import demand with respect to different macro components of final expenditure is different. The import demand in Pakistan is affected positively and significantly by all expenditure components. The relative prices have negative but insignificant relationship with import demand in Pakistan. The findings indicate that use of aggregate expenditure variable in the aggregate import demand function leads to aggregation bias because different macro components of final expenditure have different import contents. The model derived in this study provides indepth guidelines for macroeconomic policy decisions in order to overcome the problem of persistent trade deficit in the country.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Determination of Import Demand in Pakistan: The Role of Expenditure Components","attachmentId":5195221,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/859489/Determination_of_Import_Demand_in_Pakistan_The_Role_of_Expenditure_Components","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/859489/Determination_of_Import_Demand_in_Pakistan_The_Role_of_Expenditure_Components"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="12065279" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12065279/An_Econometric_Estimation_of_the_Aggregate_Import_Demand_Function_for_India">An Econometric Estimation of the Aggregate Import Demand Function for India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30088244" href="https://ibshyderabad.academia.edu/ArunaDash">Aruna Dash</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study investigates the behavior of the aggregate import demand function for India using the yearly time-series data and by applying the Johansen Juselius multivariate cointegration technique during 1975-2003 up to which the latest data is available. In our empirical analysis of the aggregate import demand function for India, cointegration and error correction techniques have been used. Using macroeconomic variables such as gross domestic product, unit value of import prices, prices of domestically produced goods and foreign exchange reserves, the empirical evidence suggests that there exists a cointegrating relationship among these variables. Our econometric estimates of the aggregate import demand function for India suggest that import demand is dominated by GDP, when compared to the unit value of import price, and foreign exchange reserves.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An Econometric Estimation of the Aggregate Import Demand Function for India","attachmentId":37389636,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12065279/An_Econometric_Estimation_of_the_Aggregate_Import_Demand_Function_for_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12065279/An_Econometric_Estimation_of_the_Aggregate_Import_Demand_Function_for_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="16834056" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16834056/Estimation_of_import_demand_function_of_pakistan">Estimation of import demand function of pakistan.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36286081" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JabeenRehman">Jabeen Rehman</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Estimation of import demand function of pakistan.","attachmentId":39207823,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16834056/Estimation_of_import_demand_function_of_pakistan","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16834056/Estimation_of_import_demand_function_of_pakistan"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="4318627" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4318627/Cointegration_Analysis_of_Exports_and_Imports_The_Case_of_Pakistan_Economy">Cointegration Analysis of Exports and Imports: The Case of Pakistan Economy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2391027" href="https://nuaa.academia.edu/SharafatAli">Sharafat Ali</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cointegration Analysis of Exports and Imports: The Case of Pakistan Economy","attachmentId":31773941,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4318627/Cointegration_Analysis_of_Exports_and_Imports_The_Case_of_Pakistan_Economy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4318627/Cointegration_Analysis_of_Exports_and_Imports_The_Case_of_Pakistan_Economy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="53857455" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53857455/The_determinants_of_import_demand_in_Pakistan">The determinants of import demand in Pakistan</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="188492237" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KhwajaSarmad">Khwaja Sarmad</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">World Development, 1989</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The determinants of import demand in Pakistan","attachmentId":70502124,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/53857455/The_determinants_of_import_demand_in_Pakistan","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/53857455/The_determinants_of_import_demand_in_Pakistan"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div 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