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construction subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Building_and_construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adhesive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adhesive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Adhesive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adhesive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Material" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Material"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Material</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Material-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mudbrick" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mudbrick"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Mudbrick</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mudbrick-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fired_brick" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fired_brick"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Fired brick</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fired_brick-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stabilized_mud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stabilized_mud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Stabilized mud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stabilized_mud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pottery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pottery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pottery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pottery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Habitat</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Habitat-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Habitat subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Land" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Land</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marine_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marine_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Marine life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marine_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Problems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>As food</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-As_food-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle As food subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-As_food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foods_named_"mud"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foods_named_"mud""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Foods named "mud"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foods_named_"mud"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Recreation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recreation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Recreation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mud_bath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mud_bath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Mud bath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mud_bath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mud_wallow" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mud_wallow"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Mud wallow</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mud_wallow-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mud_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mud_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Mud sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mud_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mud</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 87 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-87" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">87 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%84" title="وحل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وحل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardo" title="Bardo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bardo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9B%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%90" title="ܛܝܢܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܛܝܢܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacot" title="Pacot – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Pacot" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barru" title="Barru – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Barru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91iq%27i" title="Ñiq'i – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ñiq'i" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE" title="কাদা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাদা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboy" title="Laboy – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Laboy" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Кал – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouilhenn" title="Bouilhenn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bouilhenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fang_(geologia)" title="Fang (geologia) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fang (geologia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahno" title="Bahno – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bahno" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudder" title="Mudder – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mudder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlamm" title="Schlamm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlamm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muda" title="Muda – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Muda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sm%C3%A8lta" title="Smèlta – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Smèlta" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barro" title="Barro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Barro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koto" title="Koto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Koto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokatz" title="Lokatz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lokatz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84_(%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9)" title="گل (خاک) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گل (خاک)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boue" title="Boue – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Boue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1ib" title="Láib – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Láib" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_(material)" title="Lama (material) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lama (material)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%9D%99" title="진흙 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="진흙" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%A5%D5%AD" title="Ցեխ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցեխ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="पंक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पंक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blato_(tlo)" title="Blato (tlo) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Blato (tlo)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fango" title="Fango – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fango" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzuzu" title="Uzuzu – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Uzuzu" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumpur" title="Lumpur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lumpur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fango" title="Fango – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fango" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A5" title="בוץ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בוץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blethok" title="Blethok – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Blethok" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ಕೆಸರು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೆಸರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Лай – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лай" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matope" title="Matope – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Matope" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labou" title="Labou – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Labou" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutum" title="Lutum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lutum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dub%C4%BCi" title="Dubļi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dubļi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purvas" title="Purvas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Purvas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patan" title="Patan – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Patan" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palta" title="Palta – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Palta" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iszap" title="Iszap – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Iszap" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Кал – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotaka" title="Fotaka – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fotaka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF" title="ചളി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചളി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84" title="تیل – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تیل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumpur" title="Lumpur – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lumpur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumpua" title="Lumpua – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Lumpua" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B9-mu%C3%B2i-ci%C5%8Fng" title="Tù-muòi-ciŏng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tù-muòi-ciŏng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modder" title="Modder – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Modder" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A5" title="泥 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="泥" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lota" title="Lota – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lota" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82" title="Хатт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хатт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slober" title="Slober – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Slober" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8le" title="Søle – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Søle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanga" title="Fanga – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fanga" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%82oto_(zawiesina)" title="Błoto (zawiesina) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Błoto (zawiesina)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama" title="Lama – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lama" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%83mol" title="Nămol – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nămol" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%27uru" title="T'uru – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="T'uru" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Кал – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кал" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Грязь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грязь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fangu_(terra_e_acqua)" title="Fangu (terra e acqua) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fangu (terra e acqua)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud" title="Mud – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mud" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86aplyta" title="Ćaplyta – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ćaplyta" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%DA%95" title="قوڕ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قوڕ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%99" title="Муљ – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Муљ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulj" title="Mulj – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mulj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leutak" title="Leutak – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Leutak" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liete" title="Liete – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liete" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slam_(material)" title="Slam (material) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slam (material)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putik" title="Putik – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Putik" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="சேறு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சேறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87amur" title="Çamur – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çamur" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwang" title="Bwang – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Bwang" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Дэри – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Дэри" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Бруд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бруд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B9n" title="Bùn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bùn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A5" title="泥 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="泥" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98" title="מאראסט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאראסט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A5" title="泥 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="泥" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porvs" title="Porvs – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Porvs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A5" title="泥 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="泥" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebo" title="Lebo – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Lebo" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latak" title="Latak – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Latak" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mixture of water and any combination of soil, silt, sand, and clay</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mud_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mud (disambiguation)">Mud (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mud" title="Special:EditPage/Mud">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Mud%22">"Mud"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Mud%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Mud%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Mud%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mud%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Mud%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2003-11-27_Northerner_boots_in_mud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/2003-11-27_Northerner_boots_in_mud.jpg/300px-2003-11-27_Northerner_boots_in_mud.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/2003-11-27_Northerner_boots_in_mud.jpg/450px-2003-11-27_Northerner_boots_in_mud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/2003-11-27_Northerner_boots_in_mud.jpg/600px-2003-11-27_Northerner_boots_in_mud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A pair of muddy <a href="/wiki/Wellington_boot" title="Wellington boot">wellington boots</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gamo_Mud_Volcano_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gamo_Mud_Volcano_3.jpg/220px-Gamo_Mud_Volcano_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gamo_Mud_Volcano_3.jpg/330px-Gamo_Mud_Volcano_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gamo_Mud_Volcano_3.jpg/440px-Gamo_Mud_Volcano_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Gamo mud volcano in <a href="/wiki/Tokamachi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokamachi">Tokamachi</a>, Japan</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mud</b> (probably from <a href="/wiki/Middle_Low_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Low German language">Middle Low German</a> <i> mudde, mod(de)</i> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">thick mud</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>, or <a href="/wiki/Middle_Dutch" title="Middle Dutch">Middle Dutch</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is <a href="/wiki/Loam" title="Loam">loam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a> or <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a> mixed with <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>. Mud is usually formed after <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">rainfall</a> or near water sources. Ancient mud deposits hardened over <a href="/wiki/Geologic_time_scale" title="Geologic time scale">geological time</a> to form <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary rock</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shale</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">mudstone</a> (generally called <a href="/wiki/Lutite" title="Lutite">lutites</a>). When geological deposits of mud are formed in <a href="/wiki/Estuaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Estuaries">estuaries</a>, the resultant layers are termed <a href="/wiki/Bay_mud" title="Bay mud">bay muds</a>. Mud has also been used for <a href="/wiki/Century" title="Century">centuries</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a> resource for mostly houses and also used as a binder. An <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> word for it was <b><a href="/wiki/Fen" title="Fen">fen</a></b>, now in <a href="/wiki/English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="English dialects">most dialects</a> referring to a type of <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetland</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Building_and_construction">Building and construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Building and construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjabi_Home.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Punjabi_Home.JPG/220px-Punjabi_Home.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Punjabi_Home.JPG/330px-Punjabi_Home.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Punjabi_Home.JPG/440px-Punjabi_Home.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Earthen_plaster" title="Earthen plaster">Mud plastered</a> home in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fortaleza_de_Bam,_Ir%C3%A1n,_2016-09-23,_DD_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Fortaleza_de_Bam%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-23%2C_DD_09.jpg/220px-Fortaleza_de_Bam%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-23%2C_DD_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Fortaleza_de_Bam%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-23%2C_DD_09.jpg/330px-Fortaleza_de_Bam%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-23%2C_DD_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Fortaleza_de_Bam%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-23%2C_DD_09.jpg/440px-Fortaleza_de_Bam%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-23%2C_DD_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8007" data-file-height="4010" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Arg_e_Bam" class="mw-redirect" title="Arg e Bam">Arg e Bam</a> citadel in Iran, the largest adobe building in the world</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adhesive">Adhesive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Adhesive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a> industry, mud is a semi-fluid material that can be used to coat, seal, or adhere materials.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "mud" can be used for various semi-fluid materials used in construction including <a href="/wiki/Slurry" title="Slurry">slurry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)" title="Mortar (masonry)">mortar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plaster" title="Plaster">plaster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stucco" title="Stucco">stucco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Material">Material</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Material"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mud" title="Special:EditPage/Mud">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Mud, <a href="/wiki/Cob_(material)" title="Cob (material)">cob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adobe" title="Adobe">adobe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a>, and many other names are historically used synonymously to mean a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Subsoil" title="Subsoil">subsoil</a> and water possibly with the addition of stones, <a href="/wiki/Gravel" title="Gravel">gravel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Straw" title="Straw">straw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lime_(material)" title="Lime (material)">lime</a>, and/or <a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">bitumen</a>. This material was used a variety of ways to build <a href="/wiki/Wall" title="Wall">walls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floor" title="Floor">floors</a> and even <a href="/wiki/Roof" title="Roof">roofs</a>. For <a href="/wiki/Thousand" class="mw-redirect" title="Thousand">thousands</a> of <a href="/wiki/Year" title="Year">years</a> it was common in most parts of the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">world</a> to build walls using <a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">mudbricks</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">wattle and daub</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rammed_earth" title="Rammed earth">rammed earth</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cob_(material)" title="Cob (material)">cob</a> techniques and cover the surfaces with earthen plaster. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mudbrick">Mudbrick</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mudbrick"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">Mudbrick</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Amran.jpg/170px-Amran.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Amran.jpg/255px-Amran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Amran.jpg/340px-Amran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2031" data-file-height="2794" /></a><figcaption>Mud house in <a href="/wiki/%27Amran" title="'Amran">'Amran</a>, Yemen</figcaption></figure> <p>Mud can be made into mud bricks, also called <a href="/wiki/Adobe" title="Adobe">adobe</a>, by mixing mud with water, placing the mixture into <a href="/wiki/Molding_(process)" title="Molding (process)">moulds</a> and then allowing it to dry in open <a href="/wiki/Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Air">air</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Straw" title="Straw">Straw</a> is sometimes used as a <a href="/wiki/Binder_(material)" title="Binder (material)">binder</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Bricks" class="mw-redirect" title="Bricks">bricks</a>, as it makes them a <a href="/wiki/Composite_material" title="Composite material">composite</a>. When the brick would otherwise break, the straw will redistribute the force throughout the brick, decreasing the chance of <a href="/wiki/Structural_integrity_and_failure" title="Structural integrity and failure">breakage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such buildings must be protected from <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a>, usually by building upon a masonry, fired brick, rock or rubble foundation, and also from wind-driven rain in damp <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climates</a>, usually by deep roof overhangs. In extremely dry climates a well-drained flat roof may be protected with a well-prepared (<a href="/wiki/Puddling_(engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Puddling (engineering)">puddled</a>) and properly maintained dried mud coating, viable as the mud will expand when <a href="/wiki/Moisture" title="Moisture">moistened</a> and so become more water resistant.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adobe mudbricks were commonly used by the <a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a> <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Indians</a> to build their homes and other necessary structures. In some countries there are entire cities made of mud brick houses. <a href="/wiki/Cow_dung" title="Cow dung">Cow dung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a> are added to regulate indoor climate.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fired_brick">Fired brick</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fired brick"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mud" title="Special:EditPage/Mud">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Mud that is mostly clay, or a mixture of clay and sand may be used for <a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramics</a>, of which one form is the common fired <a href="/wiki/Brick" title="Brick">brick</a>. Fired brick are more durable but consume much more <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a> to produce. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stabilized_mud">Stabilized mud</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Stabilized mud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mud" title="Special:EditPage/Mud">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Stabilized mud (earth, soil) is mud which has had a binder such as cement or bitumen added. Examples are <a href="/wiki/Mudcrete" title="Mudcrete">mudcrete</a>, landcrete, and <a href="/wiki/Soil_cement" title="Soil cement">soil cement</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pottery">Pottery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pottery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></div> <p>Pottery is made by forming a <a href="/wiki/List_of_pottery_terms#Clay_body" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pottery terms">clay body</a> into objects of a required shape and <a href="/wiki/Heat" title="Heat">heating</a> them to high <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperatures</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Kiln" title="Kiln">kiln</a> which removes all the water from the <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a>, which induces reactions that lead to permanent changes including increasing their strength and hardening and setting their shape. A clay body can be <a href="/wiki/Pottery#Decorating_and_glazing" title="Pottery">decorated</a> before or after firing. Prior to some shaping processes, clay must be prepared. <a href="/wiki/List_of_pottery_terms#K" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pottery terms">Kneading</a> helps to ensure an even moisture content throughout the body. <a href="/wiki/Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Air">Air</a> trapped within the clay body needs to be removed. This is called de-airing and can be accomplished by a <a href="/wiki/Machine" title="Machine">machine</a> called a vacuum <a href="/wiki/List_of_pottery_terms#pug" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pottery terms">pug</a> or manually by <a href="/wiki/List_of_pottery_terms#W" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pottery terms">wedging</a>. Wedging can also help produce an even <a href="/wiki/Moisture" title="Moisture">moisture</a> content. Once a clay body has been kneaded and de-aired or wedged, it is shaped by a variety of techniques. After shaping it is dried and then fired. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Ceramics" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceramics">ceramics</a>, the making of liquid mud (called <a href="/wiki/Slip_(ceramics)" title="Slip (ceramics)">slip</a>) is a stage in the process of refinement of the <a href="/wiki/Material" title="Material">materials</a>, since larger particles will settle from the <a href="/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid">liquid</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat">Habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2011</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land">Land</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Land"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mud can provide a home for numerous types of animals, including varieties of <a href="/wiki/Worm" title="Worm">worms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frog" title="Frog">frogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snail" title="Snail">snails</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clam" title="Clam">clams</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crayfish" title="Crayfish">crayfish</a>. Other animals, such as <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus">hippopotamuses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">pigs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros" title="Rhinoceros">rhinoceroses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">water buffalo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bathing" title="Bathing">bathe</a> in mud in order to cool off and protect themselves from the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">sun</a>. Submerged mud can be home to <a href="/wiki/Larvae" class="mw-redirect" title="Larvae">larvae</a> of various <a href="/wiki/Insects" class="mw-redirect" title="Insects">insects</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marine_life">Marine life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Marine life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mud plays an important role in the <a href="/wiki/Marine_ecosystem" title="Marine ecosystem">marine ecosystem</a>. The activities of <a href="/wiki/Burrow" title="Burrow">burrowing</a> <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> have a dramatic churning effect on muddy <a href="/wiki/Seabed" title="Seabed">seabeds</a>. This allows the exchange and cycling of <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient">nutrients</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a> between <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Below the surface, the burrows of some <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> form intricate lattice-like networks and may penetrate a <a href="/wiki/Meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Meter">meter</a> or more downwards. This means that the burrowed mud is a productive <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a>, providing <a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a> and shelter for a wide range of mud-dwellers and other animals that forage in and over the mud.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Problems">Problems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mud can pose problems for motor <a href="/wiki/Traffic" title="Traffic">traffic</a> when <a href="/wiki/Moisture" title="Moisture">moisture</a> is present, because every <a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicle</a> function that changes direction or <a href="/wiki/Speed" title="Speed">speed</a> relies on <a href="/wiki/Friction" title="Friction">friction</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">tires</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">road</a> surface, so a layer of mud on the surface of the road or tires can cause the vehicle to <a href="/wiki/Aquaplaning" title="Aquaplaning">hydroplane</a>. People and cars can also become stuck in mud, as in <a href="/wiki/Quicksand" title="Quicksand">quicksand</a>. </p><p>Heavy <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">rainfall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snowmelt" title="Snowmelt">snowmelt</a>, or high levels of <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a> may trigger a movement of <a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">soil</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediments</a>, possibly causing <a href="/wiki/Mudslides" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudslides">mudslides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landslides" class="mw-redirect" title="Landslides">landslides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockslide" title="Rockslide">avalanches</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Sinkholes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinkholes">sinkholes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mudslide" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudslide">Mudslides</a> in <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanic</a> terrain (called <a href="/wiki/Lahar" title="Lahar">lahars</a>) occur after <a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">eruptions</a> as <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">rain</a> remobilizes loose <a href="/wiki/Ash" title="Ash">ash</a> deposits.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mudslides are also common in the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">western United States</a> during <a href="/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="El Niño">El Niño</a> years due to prolonged rainfall. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glenwood_mud_slide_(6089986106).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A landslide on a railroad"><img alt="A landslide on a railroad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Glenwood_mud_slide_%286089986106%29.jpg/320px-Glenwood_mud_slide_%286089986106%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Glenwood_mud_slide_%286089986106%29.jpg/480px-Glenwood_mud_slide_%286089986106%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Glenwood_mud_slide_%286089986106%29.jpg/640px-Glenwood_mud_slide_%286089986106%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Landslide" title="Landslide">landslide</a> on a railroad</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Solidarit%C3%A9_Communautaire_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vehicle in mud after heavy rainfall (Democratic Republic of the Congo)"><img alt="Vehicle in mud after heavy rainfall (Democratic Republic of the Congo)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Solidarit%C3%A9_Communautaire_2.jpg/320px-Solidarit%C3%A9_Communautaire_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Solidarit%C3%A9_Communautaire_2.jpg/480px-Solidarit%C3%A9_Communautaire_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Solidarit%C3%A9_Communautaire_2.jpg/640px-Solidarit%C3%A9_Communautaire_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vehicle in mud after heavy rainfall (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 208.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_team_of_stretcher_bearers_struggle_through_deep_mud_to_carry_a_wounded_man_to_safety_near_Boesinghe_on_1_August_1917_during_the_Third_Battle_of_Ypres._Q5935.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mud was a decisive factor in the infamous Battle of Passchendaele in 1917."><img alt="Mud was a decisive factor in the infamous Battle of Passchendaele in 1917." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/A_team_of_stretcher_bearers_struggle_through_deep_mud_to_carry_a_wounded_man_to_safety_near_Boesinghe_on_1_August_1917_during_the_Third_Battle_of_Ypres._Q5935.jpg/313px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="209" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/A_team_of_stretcher_bearers_struggle_through_deep_mud_to_carry_a_wounded_man_to_safety_near_Boesinghe_on_1_August_1917_during_the_Third_Battle_of_Ypres._Q5935.jpg/470px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/A_team_of_stretcher_bearers_struggle_through_deep_mud_to_carry_a_wounded_man_to_safety_near_Boesinghe_on_1_August_1917_during_the_Third_Battle_of_Ypres._Q5935.jpg/626px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5236" data-file-height="4014" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mud was a decisive factor in the infamous <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Battle of Passchendaele</a> in 1917.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_food">As food</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: As food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Geophagia" title="Geophagia">Geophagia</a> is the practice of eating earth or soil-like substances, also known as geophagy, and is practiced by some non-human primates and by humans in some cultures. In other human cultures it is considered an eating disorder and classed as <a href="/wiki/Pica_(disorder)" title="Pica (disorder)">Pica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foods_named_"mud""><span id="Foods_named_.22mud.22"></span>Foods named "mud"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Foods named "mud""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_mud_pie" title="Mississippi mud pie">Mississippi mud pie</a> is a chocolate based dessert pie.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mud_cookie" title="Mud cookie">Mud cookies</a> (baked from literal dirt mixed with oil, water, etc.) are also eaten in the poorest parts of <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>. Children's recipes for "mud" also exist, which is generally a <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cornstarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornstarch">cornstarch</a>-based sludge used more for visual appeal than actual taste. However, it does not contain real mud.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Mud" is also a colloquial <a href="/wiki/Slang" title="Slang">slang</a> word for <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>, especially when thick, strong, and/or dark.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recreation">Recreation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mud_buffalo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mud_buffalo.jpg/220px-Mud_buffalo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mud_buffalo.jpg/330px-Mud_buffalo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mud_buffalo.jpg/440px-Mud_buffalo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3269" data-file-height="2301" /></a><figcaption>A buffalo <a href="/wiki/Wallowing" title="Wallowing">wallowing</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silek_Lanyah_2020_-_Two_men_performing_martial_art_in_a_stream.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Silek_Lanyah_2020_-_Two_men_performing_martial_art_in_a_stream.jpg/220px-Silek_Lanyah_2020_-_Two_men_performing_martial_art_in_a_stream.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Silek_Lanyah_2020_-_Two_men_performing_martial_art_in_a_stream.jpg/330px-Silek_Lanyah_2020_-_Two_men_performing_martial_art_in_a_stream.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Silek_Lanyah_2020_-_Two_men_performing_martial_art_in_a_stream.jpg/440px-Silek_Lanyah_2020_-_Two_men_performing_martial_art_in_a_stream.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5509" data-file-height="3676" /></a><figcaption>People doing martial arts in the mud</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_rhinoceros_or_square-lipped_rhinoceros,_Ceratotherium_simum._(17349074222).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/White_rhinoceros_or_square-lipped_rhinoceros%2C_Ceratotherium_simum._%2817349074222%29.jpg/220px-White_rhinoceros_or_square-lipped_rhinoceros%2C_Ceratotherium_simum._%2817349074222%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/White_rhinoceros_or_square-lipped_rhinoceros%2C_Ceratotherium_simum._%2817349074222%29.jpg/330px-White_rhinoceros_or_square-lipped_rhinoceros%2C_Ceratotherium_simum._%2817349074222%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/White_rhinoceros_or_square-lipped_rhinoceros%2C_Ceratotherium_simum._%2817349074222%29.jpg/440px-White_rhinoceros_or_square-lipped_rhinoceros%2C_Ceratotherium_simum._%2817349074222%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1042" data-file-height="673" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros" title="Rhinoceros">rhinoceros</a> wallowing</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mud" title="Special:EditPage/Mud">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mud_bath">Mud bath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mud bath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mud_bath" title="Mud bath">Mud bath</a></div> <p>A mud bath is a bath of mud, commonly from areas where hot spring water can combine with <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">volcanic ash</a>. Mud baths have existed for thousands of years, and can be found now in high-end <a href="/wiki/Spa" title="Spa">spas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mud_wallow">Mud wallow</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Mud wallow"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mud wallows are a common source of entertainment for <a href="/wiki/Children" class="mw-redirect" title="Children">children</a>. Mud wallows can be any shape, size, depth and some can have <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> as well as mud. Usually wallows are shallow dips in the ground that have been <a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">flooded</a> and were full of <a href="/wiki/Dirt" title="Dirt">dirt</a> and those two have mixed to make a squishy mud wallow. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mud_sports">Mud sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Mud sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mud_sports" title="Mud sports">Mud sports</a></div> <p>Mud sports are sports that take place in, or heavily incorporate, mud.<sup id="cite_ref-s805_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s805-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-q030_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-q030-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-l382_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l382-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mud_bogging" title="Mud bogging">Mud bogging</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Off-roading" title="Off-roading">off-road motorsport</a> popular in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> in which the goal is to drive a vehicle through a pit of mud or a track of a set length.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud_run" class="mw-redirect" title="Mud run">Mud runs</a>, where contestants run and crawl through mud bogs and other obstacles.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirt_biking" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirt biking">Dirt biking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biking" class="mw-redirect" title="Biking">biking</a> through muddy tracks and courses.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud_wrestling" title="Mud wrestling">Mud wrestling</a>, a form of wrestling that takes place in mud.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mud can be used in a <a href="/wiki/Dunk_tank" title="Dunk tank">dunk tank</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_rubbing_mud" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball rubbing mud">Baseball rubbing mud</a> is used to remove the sheen from new <a href="/wiki/Baseballs" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseballs">baseballs</a>.</li> <li>Children often like to make <a href="/wiki/Mud_pie" title="Mud pie">mud pies</a>, throw mud at each other and play barefoot and cover their bare <a href="/wiki/Feet" class="mw-redirect" title="Feet">feet</a> in mud and squish it between their toes.</li> <li>Mud can be smeared across the <a href="/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">skin</a> as a repellent from <a href="/wiki/Mosquito" title="Mosquito">mosquitoes</a>.</li> <li>Many animals cover themselves in mud (<a href="/wiki/Wallowing" title="Wallowing">wallowing</a>) to cool off.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sludge" title="Sludge">Sludge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drilling_mud" class="mw-redirect" title="Drilling mud">Drilling mud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muck_(soil)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muck (soil)">Muck (soil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudcrack" title="Mudcrack">Mudcrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudcrete" title="Mudcrete">Mudcrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Mud flap">Mud flap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud_volcano" title="Mud volcano">Mud volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloid" title="Peloid">Peloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudflat" title="Mudflat">Mudflat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/mud#etymonline_v_19211">"mud | Etymology of mud by etymonline"</a>. <i>www.etymonline.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etymonline.com&rft.atitle=mud+%7C+Etymology+of+mud+by+etymonline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fmud%23etymonline_v_19211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMahajan2020" class="citation web cs1">Mahajan, Bhushan (2020-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://civiconcepts.com/blog/types-of-building-materials">"15 Types Of Building Materials Used In Construction"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=15+Types+Of+Building+Materials+Used+In+Construction&rft.date=2020-06-01&rft.aulast=Mahajan&rft.aufirst=Bhushan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciviconcepts.com%2Fblog%2Ftypes-of-building-materials&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFadmin_6662013" class="citation web cs1">admin_666 (29 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yourhome.gov.au/materials/mud-brick">"Mud brick"</a>. <i>yourhome.gov.au</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yourhome.gov.au&rft.atitle=Mud+brick&rft.date=2013-07-29&rft.au=admin_666&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yourhome.gov.au%2Fmaterials%2Fmud-brick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMud" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, Michael G. <i>The Cobber’s Companion: How to Build Your Own Earthen Home</i>. Cottage Grove: Cob Cottage, 1998. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/tps/how-to-preserve/briefs/5-adobe-buildings.htm">"Preservation Brief 5: Preservation of Historic Adobe Buildings"</a>. <i>nps.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nps.gov&rft.atitle=Preservation+Brief+5%3A+Preservation+of+Historic+Adobe+Buildings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Ftps%2Fhow-to-preserve%2Fbriefs%2F5-adobe-buildings.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tudelft.nl/2020/citg/bricks-made-out-of-mud-and-cow-dung-to-regulate-indoor-climate">Bricks made out of mud and cow-dung to regulate indoor climate</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A summary of the ‘Burrowed Mud’ MPA search feature. (n.d.). Retrieved January 13, 2015, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016201916/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0039/00394205.doc">[1]</a> &cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Mud on the Move." Earth: The Definitive Visual Guide. London: Dorling Kindersley, 2013. 98. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZiegler,_J.1997" class="citation journal cs1">Ziegler, J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Magic+mud+food+recipe+%E2%80%93+Magic+mud+ingredients+%26+cooking&rft.pub=Cookadvice.com&rft.date=2012-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cookadvice.com%2Frecipes%2Fmagic_mud-36597-recipe.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTeam2024" class="citation web cs1">Team, Namesflare (2024-06-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://namesflare.com/slang-names-for-coffee/">"Slang Names For Coffee"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slang+Names+For+Coffee&rft.date=2024-06-14&rft.aulast=Team&rft.aufirst=Namesflare&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnamesflare.com%2Fslang-names-for-coffee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s805-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-s805_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDeNizioHewitt2019" class="citation journal cs1">DeNizio, Jamie E.; Hewitt, David A. (2019-08-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6694362">"Infection from Outdoor Sporting Events—More Risk than We Think?"</a>. <i>Sports Medicine - Open</i>. <b>5</b> (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 37. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40798-019-0208-x">10.1186/s40798-019-0208-x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2199-1170">2199-1170</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6694362">6694362</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31414195">31414195</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Medicine+-+Open&rft.atitle=Infection+from+Outdoor+Sporting+Events%E2%80%94More+Risk+than+We+Think%3F&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37&rft.date=2019-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6694362%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2199-1170&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31414195&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs40798-019-0208-x&rft.aulast=DeNizio&rft.aufirst=Jamie+E.&rft.au=Hewitt%2C+David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6694362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-q030-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-q030_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMai2013" class="citation web cs1">Mai, Ann (2013-10-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theshorthorn.com/life_and_entertainment/dirty-never-felt-so-good-six-reasons-to-play-in-the-mud/article_e0c8bd2a-27e4-11e3-b948-001a4bcf6878.html">"Dirty never felt so good: Six reasons to play in the mud"</a>. <i>The Shorthorn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Shorthorn&rft.atitle=Dirty+never+felt+so+good%3A+Six+reasons+to+play+in+the+mud&rft.date=2013-10-02&rft.aulast=Mai&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theshorthorn.com%2Flife_and_entertainment%2Fdirty-never-felt-so-good-six-reasons-to-play-in-the-mud%2Farticle_e0c8bd2a-27e4-11e3-b948-001a4bcf6878.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l382-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-l382_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/rotorua-daily-post/news/rotoruas-mudtopia-mud-and-music-festival-details-revealed/ZEOFIAROTKTFAYY7UQVHGUJLTA/">"Details released for Rotorua's inaugural Mudtopia festival"</a>. <i>NZ Herald</i>. 2017-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NZ+Herald&rft.atitle=Details+released+for+Rotorua%27s+inaugural+Mudtopia+festival&rft.date=2017-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Frotorua-daily-post%2Fnews%2Frotoruas-mudtopia-mud-and-music-festival-details-revealed%2FZEOFIAROTKTFAYY7UQVHGUJLTA%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mud" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mud">Mud</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mud" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Mud">Mud</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFP.J._DepetrisP.E._PotterJ.B._Maynard2005" class="citation book cs1">P.J. Depetris; P.E. Potter; J.B. Maynard (2005). <i>Mud and mudstones introduction and overview</i> (1 ed.). Berlin [u.a.]: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-540-27082-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-540-27082-5"><bdi>3-540-27082-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mud+and+mudstones+introduction+and+overview&rft.place=Berlin+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=3-540-27082-5&rft.au=P.J.+Depetris&rft.au=P.E.+Potter&rft.au=J.B.+Maynard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMud" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWood2006" class="citation book cs1">Wood, C.E. (2006). <i>Mud a military history</i> (1st ed.). Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781612343310" title="Special:BookSources/9781612343310"><bdi>9781612343310</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mud+a+military+history&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Potomac+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781612343310&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=C.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMud" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFC.L.V._MontyD.W.J._BosenceP.H._BridgerB.R._Pratt1995" class="citation book cs1">C.L.V. Monty; D.W.J. Bosence; P.H. Bridger; B.R. Pratt, eds. (1995). <i>Carbonate Mud-Mounds Their Origin and Evolution</i>. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4443-0412-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-4443-0412-7"><bdi>1-4443-0412-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carbonate+Mud-Mounds+Their+Origin+and+Evolution.&rft.place=Chichester&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-4443-0412-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMud" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOkonkwo2009" class="citation book cs1">Okonkwo, Festus (2009). <i>Introductory Mud Engineering Handbook</i>. Booksurge Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781439227275" title="Special:BookSources/9781439227275"><bdi>9781439227275</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introductory+Mud+Engineering+Handbook&rft.pub=Booksurge+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781439227275&rft.aulast=Okonkwo&rft.aufirst=Festus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMud" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRael2009" class="citation book cs1">Rael, Ronald (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eartharchitectur0000rael"><i>Earth architecture</i></a></span> (1st ed.). New York, N.Y.: Princeton Architectural Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56898-767-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56898-767-5"><bdi>978-1-56898-767-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Earth+architecture&rft.place=New+York%2C+N.Y.&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Princeton+Architectural+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-56898-767-5&rft.aulast=Rael&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feartharchitectur0000rael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMud" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mud&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mud" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:mud">mud</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-08-09T03:10:22Z","dateModified":"2025-02-13T23:34:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ea\/2003-11-27_Northerner_boots_in_mud.jpg","headline":"mixture of water and any combination of soil, silt, and clay"}</script> </body> </html>