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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Theatre in which a resident company presents works from a specified repertoire</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Repertory" redirects here. For the set of works one is ready to perform or are typically performed, see <a href="/wiki/Repertoire" title="Repertoire">Repertoire</a>.</div> <p>A <b>repertory theatre</b>, also called <b>repertory</b>, <b>rep</b>, <b>true rep</b> or <b>stock</b>, which are also called producing theatres, is a <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theatre</a> in which a resident company presents works from a specified repertoire, usually in alternation or rotation.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P1040585_(5713639977).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/P1040585_%285713639977%29.jpg/220px-P1040585_%285713639977%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/P1040585_%285713639977%29.jpg/330px-P1040585_%285713639977%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/P1040585_%285713639977%29.jpg/440px-P1040585_%285713639977%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2265" data-file-height="1698" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">Blue plaque</a> marking the site of the Gaiety theatre</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repertory_theatre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Annie_Horniman" title="Annie Horniman">Annie Horniman</a> founded the first modern repertory theatre in Manchester after withdrawing her support from the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Theatre" title="Abbey Theatre">Abbey Theatre</a> in Dublin. Horniman's <a href="/wiki/Gaiety_Theatre,_Manchester" title="Gaiety Theatre, Manchester">Gaiety Theatre</a> opened its first season in September 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opening of the Gaiety was followed by the <a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizens' Theatre">Citizens' Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Repertory_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool Repertory Theatre">Liverpool Repertory Theatre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, regional theatre relied on mostly London touring ensembles.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the time the theatre was being run by Annie Horniman, a wide variety of types of plays were produced. Horniman encouraged local writers who became known as the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_School_(writers)" title="Manchester School (writers)">Manchester School</a> of playwrights.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They included <a href="/wiki/Allan_Monkhouse" title="Allan Monkhouse">Allan Monkhouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Brighouse" title="Harold Brighouse">Harold Brighouse</a>—writer of <i><a href="/wiki/Hobson%27s_Choice_(play)" title="Hobson's Choice (play)">Hobson's Choice</a></i>—and <a href="/wiki/William_Stanley_Houghton" class="mw-redirect" title="William Stanley Houghton">Stanley Houghton</a>, who wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Hindle_Wakes_(play)" title="Hindle Wakes (play)">Hindle Wakes</a></i>. Actors who performed at the Gaiety early in their careers included <a href="/wiki/Sybil_Thorndike" title="Sybil Thorndike">Sybil Thorndike</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basil_Dean" title="Basil Dean">Basil Dean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 1930s to the 1960s, two impresarios dominated the field of British rep, mostly in the North. They were Harry Hanson and his Court players, and Frank H. Fortescue's Famous Players, with the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Brough" title="Arthur Brough">Arthur Brough</a> Players in <a href="/wiki/Folkestone" title="Folkestone">Folkestone</a> in the South. When an actor joined one of their companies, it could mean "twice-nightly" shows, and a new play to learn every week. Actress <a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Harris" title="Rosemary Harris">Rosemary Harris</a> has told of her 50 consecutive weeks of doing that at <a href="/wiki/Bedford" title="Bedford">Bedford</a> rep. However, this is no longer possible, owing to restrictions from <a href="/wiki/Equity_(trade_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equity (trade union)">British Equity</a>, which came to mandate just eight shows a week, including perhaps two matinées. </p><p>The practice of repertory ("rep") is still seen in large cities. Actors now have the luxury of at least three weeks of <a href="/wiki/Rehearsal" title="Rehearsal">rehearsal</a>, however. Repertory can still be found in the UK in a variation of guises: in <a href="/wiki/Sidmouth" title="Sidmouth">Sidmouth</a> (12 plays), <a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a> (eight), and <a href="/wiki/Burslem" title="Burslem">Burslem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taunton" title="Taunton">Taunton</a> (four each). The <a href="/wiki/Sheringham_Little_Theatre" title="Sheringham Little Theatre">Sheringham Little Theatre</a> produces an in-house repertory season each summer, running from June until September. Weekly repertory theatre is also produced by the Summer Theatre season at <a href="/wiki/Frinton-on-Sea" title="Frinton-on-Sea">Frinton-on-Sea</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canada">Canada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repertory_theatre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Organizations in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> include North America's largest classical repertory theatre company, the <a href="/wiki/Stratford_Festival" title="Stratford Festival">Stratford Festival</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> founded in 1953 primarily to present productions of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s plays. Canada also hosts North America's second largest repertory theatre company, the <a href="/wiki/Shaw_Festival" title="Shaw Festival">Shaw Festival</a>, founded in 1962, which presents plays written by or set during the lifetime of <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Shaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Shaw">Bernard Shaw</a>, or that follow Shaw's ideal of socially provocative theatre. However, Canadian repertory companies follow a model that differs somewhat from the years-long rotation repertory system found in Europe.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In Canada, productions often stay on the repertory for one season, running in repertory with other productions in the same year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The actors are not employed full time long term, but instead work on contracts usually maximum 8 months long.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Vagabond Repertory Theatre Company was formed in March 2009 by artistic directors Nathaniel Fried and Ryan LaPlante, and currently resides and performs in <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston, Ontario</a>. It shuttered in 2019. The old English-style repertory theatres such as <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>'s CRT (Canadian Repertory Theatre) and <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>'s Crest Theatre no longer exist—although they did have a version of <a href="/wiki/Summer_stock_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer stock theatre">summer theatre</a> in smaller holiday districts, such as the "Straw Hat" players of Gravenhurst and Port Carling at <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>'s vacation <a href="/wiki/Muskoka_Lakes,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Muskoka Lakes, Ontario">Muskoka Lakes</a> area. </p><p>State-subsidized theatres on continental Europe have been suggested as the origin of the repertoire tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the earliest examples of this system is the Moscow Art Theatre circa 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An even earlier example are the theatres of Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See the Deutsches Theater, a privately owned German theatre founded in 1883 to produce plays in rep.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While variations appeared before, the modern repertory system did not become popular until the twentieth century.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repertory_theatre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, the repertory system has also found a base to compete with commercial theatre. Many <a href="/wiki/Summer_stock_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer stock theatre">summer stock</a> theatre companies are repertory in nature. College students and young professionals making up much of the acting company are supported by guest stars or actors who are further along in their careers.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Repertory theatre with mostly changing casts and longer-running plays, perhaps better classed as "provincial" or "non-profit" theatre, has made a big comeback in cities such as <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_AR" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Rock, AR">Little Rock, AR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nashville" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashville">Nashville</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City">Kansas City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Theatre_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre festival">Festival theatre</a> now provides actors with work in the summer. There are many ways to rehearse repertory theatre. The most prolific American repertory theatres are an example of that. Utah Shakespeare Festival rehearses two plays a day split between an eight hour period.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is common. Some theatres only rehearse one play a day and add shows into rotation as the season progresses, like The American Shakespeare Center.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They rehearse one play for a little over two weeks before it opens; then, they begin the next one.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The length of rehearsal also varies. <a href="/wiki/American_Players_Theatre" title="American Players Theatre">American Players Theatre</a> has a six-week-long rehearsal period compared to <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Shakespeare_Festival" title="Oregon Shakespeare Festival">Oregon Shakespeare Festival</a>'s eleven-week-long one.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>America's oldest resident repertory theatre, <a href="/wiki/Hedgerow_Theatre" title="Hedgerow Theatre">Hedgerow Theatre</a>, is located in <a href="/wiki/Rose_Valley,_Pennsylvania" title="Rose Valley, Pennsylvania">Rose Valley, Pennsylvania</a>. It was founded by actor Jasper Deeter in 1923. The present producing artistic director is actress and director Penelope Reed. Other notable repertory theatres include the <a href="/wiki/Guthrie_Theater" title="Guthrie Theater">Guthrie Theater</a>, which was set up as a regional repertory theatre concept that is free from commercial constraints in the choice of repertoire.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is aligned in objectives to the repertory and resident theatre movement that emerged in the United States in the 1960s. This sought to establish an alternative and decentralized theatre network outside of New York, one which would have <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">non-profit-making</a> status and would be focused on the art of the theatre as well as the development of artists, craftsmen, and administrators.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Publicly funded theatres that belong to this type have been receiving erratic support since the 1980s. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Producing_Artists" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Producing Artists">Association of Producing Artists</a> (APA) was one of the most successful repertory theatres in the United States, touring for four years and holding residencies in several cities before finally joining the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Phoenix Theatre (New York City)">Phoenix Theatre</a> in New York City, where it was known for staging plays with modest prices.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, the <a href="/wiki/American_Repertory_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="American Repertory Theatre">American Repertory Theatre</a> is considered one of the most distinguished repertory theatres in the United States. Since its foundation in 1979, it has earned several awards including a <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> (1982), a <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> (1986), and a <a href="/wiki/Jujamcyn_Award" title="Jujamcyn Award">Jujamcyn Award</a> (1985).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eastern_Europe">Eastern Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repertory_theatre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Eastern Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and much of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, repertory theatre is based on the idea that each company maintains a number of productions that are performed on a rotating basis. Each production's life span is determined by its success with the audience. However, many productions remain in repertory for years as this approach presents each piece a few times in a given season, not enough to exhaust the potential audience pool. After the fall of the Soviet regime and the substantial diminution of government subsidy, the repertory practice has required re-examination. <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Art_Theatre" title="Moscow Art Theatre">Moscow Art Theatre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lev_Dodin" title="Lev Dodin">Lev Dodin</a>'s Maly Drama Theatre of <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a> are the world's most notable practitioners of this approach. </p><p>Rotation Repertory system is still the most commonly used business model of live theatre in Eastern and Central Europe, specifically in countries such as Austria, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Slovakia and Czech Republic. </p><p>In Germany, Schaubuhne and some other theatres run on a repertory system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weekly_rep">Weekly rep</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repertory_theatre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Weekly rep"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b>combination company</b> was a touring <a href="/wiki/Theater_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Theater company">theater company</a> which performed only one <a href="/wiki/Play_(theatre)" title="Play (theatre)">play</a>. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Repertory" class="mw-redirect" title="Repertory">repertory</a> companies, which performed multiple plays in rotation, combination companies used more elaborate and specialised scenery in their productions. </p><p>A similar term, "weekly rep," denotes a British movement started in the early 1900s that focused on shorter runs of a single new work, rather than having several plays ready to perform at any given time.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For weekly rep and for a typical three-act play, the actors' week would start on Tuesday, and go as follows: </p> <ul><li>Tuesday: notes on previous night's opening of the <i>current</i> play from the director, then a sit-down read-through of the <i>next</i> week's play with some discussion by the <a href="/wiki/Theatre_director" title="Theatre director">director</a>, on-the-feet <a href="/wiki/Blocking_(stage)" title="Blocking (stage)">blocking</a> of the moves for Act I, with a few questions from the actors, followed by the second performance of the current play (which would also occupy every evening up to and including Saturday).</li></ul> <ul><li>Wednesday: run Act I of next week's play and start to block Act II, but break early because there would be a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/matin%C3%A9e" class="extiw" title="wikt:matinée">matinée</a> of the current play.</li></ul> <ul><li>Thursday: finish blocking Act II of next week's play, run Act II and block Act III.</li></ul> <ul><li>Friday: run Act III, run through the entire play with no scripts in hand, and technicals – meaning lights and sound – to watch, and write down cues.</li></ul> <ul><li>Saturday: run through again, stop and go to test lighting and sound cues; costumes may be used if ready. Two shows today, including a matinée; the evening show closes the current play. After the last show, the set would be struck (taken down) by the crew - usually <a href="/wiki/Apprentice" class="mw-redirect" title="Apprentice">apprentices</a> – and the <a href="/wiki/Stage_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Stage manager">stage manager</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Sunday: for actors, an opportunity to brush up on lines and moves, and for private rehearsals. However, for the crew it would mean putting up the new sets, hanging and focusing lights, and setting sound equipment.</li></ul> <ul><li>Monday: in the morning, a run-through, usually without costumes (to save wear and tear), mainly for the technicals. In the afternoon: a "Full Perfect" <a href="/wiki/Dress_rehearsal" title="Dress rehearsal">dress rehearsal</a>, maybe with a few friends seated in front to gauge reaction, then copious notes. In the evening, 8 o'clock opening night, followed by notes from the director, visits with friends from the audience and maybe a party nearby. The process would start all over again on Tuesday.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resident_company">Resident company</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repertory_theatre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Resident company"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today, repertory theatres employ a wide range of actors, who can play a variety of types. </p><p>Before the modern repertory system, acting ensembles were normally made up of the standard stock company and later the touring company.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stock company would usually consist of a leading man and lady, a <a href="/wiki/Character_actor" title="Character actor">character actor</a> and actress, younger actors to play romantic roles, and the rest of the actors would be a variety of ages and body types.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The acting ensemble was typically around twelve.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was most popular prior to the Restoration.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Post Restoration and into the nineteenth century, stock companies remained, but they were joined and then replaced by traveling companies.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These ensembles consisted of the stars and actors hired to play a very specific role as a single production toured around.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Examples of rep performers who went on to become well-known are <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Harris" title="Rosemary Harris">Rosemary Harris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Brett" title="Jeremy Brett">Jeremy Brett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geraldine_McEwan" title="Geraldine McEwan">Geraldine McEwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gambon" title="Michael Gambon">Michael Gambon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Staunton" title="Imelda Staunton">Imelda Staunton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Stewart" title="Patrick Stewart">Patrick Stewart</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Bogarde" title="Dirk Bogarde">Dirk Bogarde</a> wrote about his start at <a href="/wiki/Amersham" title="Amersham">Amersham</a> rep in 1939, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a> has recounted his time spent at <a href="/wiki/Horsham" title="Horsham">Horsham</a> rep in the early 1950s. </p><p>There are many noted <b>Resident companies</b> or <b>repertory companies</b>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Artists_Repertory_Theatre" title="Artists Repertory Theatre">Artists Repertory Theatre</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repertory_theatre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combination_company" title="Combination company">Combination company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_theatre" title="Community theatre">Community theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_theatre" title="Fringe theatre">Fringe theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Theatre" title="Mercury Theatre">Mercury Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_stock_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer stock theatre">Summer stock theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagione" title="Stagione">Stagione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre festival">Theatre festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_(structure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre (structure)">Theatre (structure)</a> (i.e. building)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repertory_theatre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRowellJackson1984" class="citation book cs1">Rowell, George; Jackson, Anthony (1984). <i>The Repertory Movement: A History of Regional Theatre in Britain</i>. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521319195" title="Special:BookSources/9780521319195"><bdi>9780521319195</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Repertory+Movement%3A+A+History+of+Regional+Theatre+in+Britain&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780521319195&rft.aulast=Rowell&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepertory+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theatreroyalwindsor.co.uk/rep_theatre/#:~:text=Actors%20that%20were%20once%20part,Derek%20Jacobi%20and%20Ian%20McKellen.">"What is Repertory Theatre? | Theatre Royal Windsor | live on stage in Berkshire"</a>. <i>theatreroyalwindsor.co.uk</i>. 21 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theatreroyalwindsor.co.uk&rft.atitle=What+is+Repertory+Theatre%3F+%7C+Theatre+Royal+Windsor+%7C+live+on+stage+in+Berkshire&rft.date=2021-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheatreroyalwindsor.co.uk%2Frep_theatre%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DActors%2520that%2520were%2520once%2520part%2CDerek%2520Jacobi%2520and%2520Ian%2520McKellen.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepertory+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCameron1983" class="citation thesis cs1">Cameron, Alasdair F. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55938/"><i>The repertory theatre movement, 1907-1917</i></a> (Ph.D. thesis). University of Warwick.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+repertory+theatre+movement%2C+1907-1917&rft.degree=Ph.D.&rft.inst=University+of+Warwick&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.aufirst=Alasdair+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwrap.warwick.ac.uk%2F55938%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepertory+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMjrswNCaUw">"Before the Beatles: The Birth of British Rock"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Before+the+Beatles%3A+The+Birth+of+British+Rock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DjMjrswNCaUw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepertory+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter1964" class="citation book cs1">Carter, Huntly (1964). <i>The Theatre of Max Reinhardt</i>. New York: B. Blom. pp. 173–180.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theatre+of+Max+Reinhardt&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=173-180&rft.pub=B.+Blom&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Huntly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepertory+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:12_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowell1984" class="citation book cs1">Rowell, George (1984). <i>The Repertory Movement: A History of Regional Theatre in Great Britain</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521319195" title="Special:BookSources/9780521319195"><bdi>9780521319195</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Repertory+Movement%3A+A+History+of+Regional+Theatre+in+Great+Britain&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780521319195&rft.aulast=Rowell&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepertory+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harding, John, Staging Life: The Story of the Manchester Playwrights (Greenwich Exchange 2018) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://greenex.co.uk/">https://greenex.co.uk/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy" class="citation web cs1">Murphy, Michelle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/content/articles/2008/10/22/221008_annie_horniman_feature.shtml">"Annie Horniman"</a>. <i>History features</i>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Manchester" title="BBC Radio Manchester">BBC Manchester</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+features&rft.atitle=Annie+Horniman&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fmanchester%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2008%2F10%2F22%2F221008_annie_horniman_feature.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepertory+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stratfordfestival.ca/AboutUs">"About Us"</a>. <i>Stratford Festival Official Website</i>. Stratford, Ontario, Canada. 2020-01-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stratford+Festival+Official+Website&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft.date=2020-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stratfordfestival.ca%2FAboutUs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepertory+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlaic2012" class="citation book cs1">Klaic, Dragan (2012). "Production Models". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv9hj78n.7"><i>Production Models: Reps, Groups and Production Houses</i></a>. Public Theatre Between the Market and Democracy. Intellect. pp. 35–54. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv9hj78n.7">10.2307/j.ctv9hj78n.7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84150-547-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84150-547-3"><bdi>978-1-84150-547-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv9hj78n.7">j.ctv9hj78n.7</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:243133926">243133926</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Production+Models&rft.btitle=Production+Models%3A+Reps%2C+Groups+and+Production+Houses&rft.series=Public+Theatre+Between+the+Market+and+Democracy&rft.pages=35-54&rft.pub=Intellect&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv9hj78n.7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A243133926%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctv9hj78n.7%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-1-84150-547-3&rft.aulast=Klaic&rft.aufirst=Dragan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctv9hj78n.7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepertory+theatre" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095714210">"Deutsches Theater"</a>. <i>Oxford Reference</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Reference&rft.atitle=Deutsches+Theater&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803095714210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepertory+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/summer-theatre">"summer theatre | American theatre"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=summer+theatre+%7C+American+theatre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2Fsummer-theatre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepertory+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2016" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Stuart (2016-09-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americantheatre.org/2016/09/26/the-shows-must-go-on-the-trials-and-triumphs-of-rotating-rep/">"The Shows Must Go On: The Trials and Triumphs of Rotating Rep"</a>. <i>AMERICAN THEATRE</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AMERICAN+THEATRE&rft.atitle=The+Shows+Must+Go+On%3A+The+Trials+and+Triumphs+of+Rotating+Rep&rft.date=2016-09-26&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americantheatre.org%2F2016%2F09%2F26%2Fthe-shows-must-go-on-the-trials-and-triumphs-of-rotating-rep%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepertory+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChambers2002" class="citation book cs1">Chambers, Colin (2002). <i>Continuum Companion to Twentieth Century Theatre</i>. London: Continuum. p. 335. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781847140012" title="Special:BookSources/9781847140012"><bdi>9781847140012</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Continuum+Companion+to+Twentieth+Century+Theatre&rft.place=London&rft.pages=335&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781847140012&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepertory+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStantonBanham1996" class="citation book cs1">Stanton, Sarah; Banham, Martin (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgepaperba0000unse/page/309"><i>The Cambridge Paperback Guide to Theatre</i></a>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgepaperba0000unse/page/309">309</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521446546" title="Special:BookSources/0521446546"><bdi>0521446546</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Paperback+Guide+to+Theatre&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0521446546&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.au=Banham%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambridgepaperba0000unse%2Fpage%2F309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepertory+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilmethBigsby1998" class="citation book cs1">Wilmeth, Don; <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Bigsby" title="Christopher Bigsby">Bigsby, Christopher</a> (1998). <i>The Cambridge History of American Theatre</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 250. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521651794" title="Special:BookSources/0521651794"><bdi>0521651794</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+American+Theatre&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=250&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0521651794&rft.aulast=Wilmeth&rft.aufirst=Don&rft.au=Bigsby%2C+Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepertory+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitgang1985" class="citation news cs1">Mitgang, Herbert (26 November 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/26/theater/jujamcyn-award-to-american-repertory-theater.html">"JUJAMCYN AWARD TO AMERICAN REPERTORY THEATER"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=JUJAMCYN+AWARD+TO+AMERICAN+REPERTORY+THEATER&rft.date=1985-11-26&rft.aulast=Mitgang&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F11%2F26%2Ftheater%2Fjujamcyn-award-to-american-repertory-theater.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepertory+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPallardy" class="citation web cs1">Pallardy, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/repertory-theatre">"Repertory theatre"</a>. <i>Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=Repertory+theatre&rft.aulast=Pallardy&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2Frepertory-theatre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepertory+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>Murray, Stephen. <i>Taking Our Amusements Seriously</i>. LAP, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8383-7608-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8383-7608-0">978-3-8383-7608-0</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repertory_theatre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061015223536/http://www.bl.uk/projects/theatrearchive/interviews.html">British Library Theatre Archive Project - actors tell their stories</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111107105943/http://www.laughingaudience.co.uk/bibliographies.html">A bibliography of British repertory theatre with images, by Paul Iles and The Laughing Audience</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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