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</div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="widget-links"><ul class="widget-list"><li class="service-links-twitter-widget first"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130211062307/http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fzh-hans%2Fnews%2F2012%2F06%2F27&count=horizontal&via=&text=%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%BA%94%E5%81%9C%E6%AD%A2%E6%97%A0%E5%B7%AE%E5%88%AB%E5%B0%84%E6%9D%80%E5%87%BA%E9%80%83%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%91&counturl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fzh-hans%2Fnews%2F2012%2F06%2F27" class="twitter-share-button service-links-twitter-widget" title="Tweet This" rel="nofollow"><span style="display:none;">Tweet Widget</span></a></li> <li class="service-links-facebook-like"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130211062307/http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fzh-hans%2Fnews%2F2012%2F06%2F27&layout=button_count&show_faces=false&action=recommend&colorscheme=light&width=150&height=21&font=&locale=" title="I 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130211062307/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2012_Syria_jordanrefugees.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile][<p>因叙利亚局势动荡不安而被迫逃离的叙利亚难民于2012年5月7日在约旦安曼领取人道援助。</p>]" class="imagefield imagefield-lightbox2 imagefield-lightbox2-scale-300x imagefield-field_imagefile imagecache imagecache-field_imagefile imagecache-scale-300x imagecache-field_imagefile-scale-300x"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130211062307im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-300x/media/images/photographs/2012_Syria_jordanrefugees.jpg"/></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-image-caption-value"> <div class="field-content">因叙利亚局势动荡不安而被迫逃离的叙利亚难民于2012年5月7日在约旦安曼领取人道援助。</div> </div> <div class="views-field-field-copyright-value"> <span class="field-content">© 2012 Reuters</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-news-additional"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-related-content"> <div class="field-label">相关资料: </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <a href="/web/20130211062307/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/node/107878">Syria: Stop Grave Abuses of Children</a> </div> <div class="field-item even"> <a href="/web/20130211062307/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/node/103560">“By All Means Necessary!”</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-pullquote"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 叙利亚政府说它是在对抗武装恐怖分子，但它的边防部队似乎对任何穿越国境的人进行无差别攻击。他们射击平民男女、儿童、伤患，和攻击敌军没两样。叙利亚对逃离国境的平民进行无差别攻击，违反了基本人权，包括生命权、离开自己国家的权利和在他国寻求庇护的权利。 </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 人权观察组织难民问题高级研究员和倡导者格里•辛普森（Gerry Simpson） </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p>（安曼）- 国际组织人权观察今天指出，<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130211062307/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/middle-eastn-africa/syria"><u>叙利亚</u></a>边防士兵似乎无差别地射杀任何企图跨越国界逃难的人，连平民妇女和儿童也不放过。叙利亚当局应立即命令其边境武装部队停止一切无差别攻击，并采取所有可行措施避免伤害跨境前往邻国的平民，以尊重其离开自己国家的权利。</p> <p>今年六月中，人权观察曾在约旦访谈十七位叙国难民。他们表示，在五、六月间跟随近二百位难民，在叙利亚自由军（Free Syrian Army，简称FSA）陪同下穿越国界时，遭到叙利亚政府军持续以机枪和殂击手开火，造成三位平民死亡、十一位受伤。这些难民所描述的情节一致，叙利亚士兵未先警告即向他们开火，且无差别地射击每一个穿越边境的人，不分是否叙利亚自由军战士，也不分妇女或儿童。</p> <p>“叙利亚政府说它是在对抗武装恐怖分子，但它的边防部队似乎对任何穿越国境的人进行无差别攻击。他们射击平民男女、儿童、伤患，和攻击敌军没两样，”人权观察组织难民问题高级研究员和倡导者格里•辛普森（<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130211062307/http://www.hrw.org/bios/gerry-simpson"><u>Gerry Simpson</u></a>）表示。“叙利亚对逃离国境的平民进行无差别攻击，违反了基本人权，包括生命权、离开自己国家的权利和在他国寻求庇护的权利。”</p> <p>一位叙军叛逃者告诉人权观察组织，其他由约叙边界叛逃的军中同袍曾跟他说，他们接到命令，对任何不经官方检查站而企图进出国境的人格杀勿论，但有些士兵拒绝服从这项命令。</p> <p>人权观察还面谈过穿越叙利亚与伊拉克边境时被叙军射伤的难民。国际难民组织（Refugees International）和许多媒体报道也都指出，叙军向逃往黎巴嫩避难的平民开枪。</p> <p>人权观察在六月中旬利用三天时间，访问了二十一位刚刚逃到约旦的叙国难民。他们说，包括他们在内，约有一千一百位平民，在叙利亚自由军协助下跨越边界到约旦避难。</p> <p>其中十七人说，当逃难队伍趁黑夜跨越边界时，曾遭叙利亚士兵开枪。他们根据目击或传闻指出，叙军打死了三位平民，打伤十一位，包括一位孕妇。另外还逮捕了一百七十位平民，包括一百多位女性和儿童，人权观察迄今不知这些人被捕后的下落。</p> <p>难民通常组成三十到二百人的群体，带着婴儿和各地战乱的伤者，在叙利亚自由军陪同下，经过叙约两国仅存的官方检查站附近逃亡，即靠近叙利亚Dar`a镇和约旦Ramtha镇之间。</p> <p>只有四位难民说，他们的团体越界时不曾遭遇攻击。</p> <p>绝大多数难民都说，在边界遇到徒步或坐卡车而来的士兵，从大约两、三百公尺外，无预警地用机枪向他们开火。这些难民表示，叙利亚自由军通常不会反击叙军，因为他们说希望避免双方交火使平民陷困，不过若政府军向前推进，叙利亚自由军也会反击。有些难民因为叙利亚自由军还击而被困三小时之久。</p> <p>一位五个孩子的母亲曾在边境被抓回去，获释后再度尝试，终于成功逃到约旦。她详述了第一次逃难时遇到的状况：</p> <p style="margin-left: 36pt">我带着五个年幼的孩子，同团有250人，其中有许多妇孺、老人和伤患。叙利亚自由军和我们在一起。我们徒步一个小时，到达叙利亚边境，发现马上就要到约旦了。附近突然传来枪声，大家四散奔逃。我马上趴下，用身体护着三个孩子。另外两个孩子跑掉了，后来我听说他们安全过了边界。枪声持续一小时后，叙利亚士兵过来把我们带走[关起来]。</p> <p>许多难民说，他们被迫爬过沙地，或死命奔跑，才能完成跨进约旦边界前最后五十到一百公尺的路程。</p> <p>人权观察访谈的难民中，有五位在爬过或钻过约旦边界铁丝网时受伤。还有很多人也说，他们知道有人被铁丝网严重割伤。</p> <p>5月底因战火逃离家乡Maraa镇的一位年轻男子说：</p> <p style="margin-left: 36pt">与叙利亚自由军合作的贝都因（Bedouin）向导，趁黑夜带我们越过边界。我们一行有大概五十位男男女女，还有几个小孩。一辆军用卡车突然出现，军上士兵毫无预警就向我们开枪。我们立刻散开，我用最快速度跑到大约100米外的约旦边界铁丝网。穿过铁丝网时，我被割惨了。最后只有二十二人成功，大多是男性。其他30人，大部分是女性，都被抓走了。跟我一起逃出来的一个人后来和贝都因向导通电话，知道有一个女人当场被射死，还有两个男人和一个小孩被打伤。</p> <p>“叙利亚国民已经非常绝望，而叙利亚仍逼自己的国民在枪林弹雨下，爬出自己的国家，”辛普森说。“无差别地攻击想要逃离祖国的平民，十足证明了叙利亚已经彻底背弃其保护本国公民的主权义务。”</p> <p>难民们说，他们一过了边界，约旦军队就过来护送他们到安全地区。</p> <p>叙利亚和约旦共享375公里的边界，其中大部分是沓无人烟的沙漠。对想逃到约旦的平民来说，只有约旦西北部一段近一百公里的区域是适合穿越的。平民一般在叙利亚自由军成员护送下，从叙利亚在边界一侧的Daraa镇逃到对面的约旦Ramtha镇，因为这是叙利亚自由军较有能力运作的一段边境区。</p> <p>根据Ramtha镇上的约旦人说，自从2011年6月Ramtha-Daraa关卡禁止贸易商以外人士通行后，叙利亚和约旦之间理论上应向所有人开放的官方通道，只剩下位于Ramtha东北方约二十公里的Naseeb-Jader关卡。</p> <p>但据许多难民表示，他们自己或家属曾在那个关卡被哨兵无故拦下不准通过。有些难民告诉人权观察，他们知道某些家庭透过贿赂Naseeb-Jader关卡边防士兵，采得以离开叙利亚，贿赂的金额大约每一家人三万叙利亚镑（约470美元）。</p> <p>伊拉克境内的叙利亚难民也告诉人权观察，他们在逃难时遭受攻击。逃到伊拉克的一位十九岁叙利亚难民说，他所参加的团体共三十七人，包括平民和叙利亚自由军战士，于4月8日凌晨两点到达距边界大约四百公尺处，遭到叙利亚边防部队开枪射击。“子弹从边防岗哨朝我们飞过来，”他说。“我看着同团的两个人中弹倒地。我不知道他们有没有活下来，因为那时大家只能四散逃命。”</p> <p>叙利亚已签署的《公民与政治权利国际公约》（International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights）规定，人人皆有自由离开自己的国家，包括长期居民，例如住在叙利亚的巴勒斯坦人；对这项权利的限制，仅限于“法律所规定，保护国家安全、公共秩序、公共卫生或道德，或他人的权利和自由所必需”，并且“与本公约所承认的其他权利不抵触”。叙利亚未曾作出任何声明，解释为何包括妇女、儿童与伤患在内的平民不能出国，也未曾说明为何使用致命武器阻止他们出国。</p> <p>人权观察表示，即便有叙利亚自由军战士和平民同行，或者投入交战，叙利亚士兵仍须采取一切可行步骤将平民的伤害降到最低，例如确保攻击仅针对军事目标。叙利亚自由军战士也必须采取一切可行步骤，确保平民不受伤害，例如确保本身的部署不会导致平民被攻击。然而难民提供的所有信息均一致表明，叙利亚军队毫无预警地朝任何跨越边界者开枪，完全没有区分平民和叙利亚自由军战士。</p> <p>自从2011年3月叙利亚反政府示威爆发以来，在约旦登记为难民的叙利亚人已超过二万六千人。</p> <p>“如果叙利亚政府希望证明它在乎本国公民的利益，就应该从允许公民出国而不把他们杀掉做起，”辛普森说。 </p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_ar first"><a href="/web/20130211062307/http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2012/06/27-1" title="يجب التوقف عن إطلاق النار بلا تمييز على المدنيين الفارين من سوريا" class="translation-link">العربية</a></li> <li class="node_translation_en"><a href="/web/20130211062307/http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/06/27/syria-end-indiscriminate-shootings-civilians-fleeing-country" title="Syria: End Indiscriminate 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