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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of public transport vehicle</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_County_Metro_MAN_trolleybus_4032_in_U_District.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/King_County_Metro_MAN_trolleybus_4032_in_U_District.jpg/220px-King_County_Metro_MAN_trolleybus_4032_in_U_District.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/King_County_Metro_MAN_trolleybus_4032_in_U_District.jpg/330px-King_County_Metro_MAN_trolleybus_4032_in_U_District.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/King_County_Metro_MAN_trolleybus_4032_in_U_District.jpg/440px-King_County_Metro_MAN_trolleybus_4032_in_U_District.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>In this high-floor <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybus</a>, four steps must be negotiated during entry and exit.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Setra_Bus_Mannheim_100_8503.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Setra_Bus_Mannheim_100_8503.jpg/220px-Setra_Bus_Mannheim_100_8503.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Setra_Bus_Mannheim_100_8503.jpg/330px-Setra_Bus_Mannheim_100_8503.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Setra_Bus_Mannheim_100_8503.jpg/440px-Setra_Bus_Mannheim_100_8503.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>High-floor <a href="/wiki/Coach_(bus)" title="Coach (bus)">coach</a>, giving three steps for entry and exit.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>High-floor</b> describes the interior flooring of commuter vehicles primarily used in public transport such as <a href="/wiki/Train" title="Train">trains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> cars and other <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">rail</a> vehicles, along with <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">buses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybuses</a>. Interior floor height is generally measured above the street surface or above the top of the rail. High-floor designs usually result from packaging requirements: mechanical items such as axles, motors, crankshafts, and/or transmissions, or luggage storage spaces are traditionally placed under the interior floor of these vehicles. The term is used in contrast with <a href="/wiki/Low-floor_bus" title="Low-floor bus">low-floor</a> designs, which offer a decreased floor and entry height above the street surface. Since low-floor designs generally were developed after high-floor vehicles, the older high-floor design is sometimes also known as conventional or the “traditional” design. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rail">Rail</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High-floor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this section <b>deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-floor&action=edit">improve this section</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:High-floor" title="Talk:High-floor">talk page</a>, or create a new section, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heavy_rail">Heavy rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High-floor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Heavy rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%94%D0%A21-00902.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%D0%94%D0%A21-00902.jpg/220px-%D0%94%D0%A21-00902.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%D0%94%D0%A21-00902.jpg/330px-%D0%94%D0%A21-00902.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%D0%94%D0%A21-00902.jpg/440px-%D0%94%D0%A21-00902.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>High floor train in Russia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Electric_wheelchair_boarding_Queensland_Rail_SMU260_Platform_3_Sunnybank_Railway_Station_DSCF7806.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Electric_wheelchair_boarding_Queensland_Rail_SMU260_Platform_3_Sunnybank_Railway_Station_DSCF7806.jpg/220px-Electric_wheelchair_boarding_Queensland_Rail_SMU260_Platform_3_Sunnybank_Railway_Station_DSCF7806.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Electric_wheelchair_boarding_Queensland_Rail_SMU260_Platform_3_Sunnybank_Railway_Station_DSCF7806.jpg/330px-Electric_wheelchair_boarding_Queensland_Rail_SMU260_Platform_3_Sunnybank_Railway_Station_DSCF7806.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Electric_wheelchair_boarding_Queensland_Rail_SMU260_Platform_3_Sunnybank_Railway_Station_DSCF7806.jpg/440px-Electric_wheelchair_boarding_Queensland_Rail_SMU260_Platform_3_Sunnybank_Railway_Station_DSCF7806.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>High floor train with ramp in Brisbane</figcaption></figure> <p>A rail vehicle of conventional or high-floor design usually has a flat floor ranging between 760 and 1,370 mm (30 and 54 in) above the top of the <a href="/wiki/Railhead" title="Railhead">railhead</a> (ATOR). To enhance <a href="/wiki/Accessibility" title="Accessibility">accessibility</a> and optimize <a href="/wiki/Dwell_time_(transportation)" title="Dwell time (transportation)">dwell times</a>, <a href="/wiki/Railway_platform_height" title="Railway platform height">railway platform heights</a> at stations are sometimes standardised to allow level boarding for commuters on high platforms. According to one definition, level boarding means the gap between the platform and the floor of the track varies by no more than 76 mm (3 in) horizontally and <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>16 mm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) vertically.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Level boarding is also known as stepless entry since passengers do not have to negotiate a staircase to board the passenger car. </p><p>For newly constructed routes, routes primarily located in tunnels, or routes with a dedicated <a href="/wiki/Right-of-way_(transportation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-of-way (transportation)">right of way</a> and enough space, high platforms are usually preferred, since high-floor vehicles are cheaper to manufacture, and have better operating characteristics. High platforms do have significant advantages beyond level boarding for wheelchair accessibility. Physically disabled passengers (e.g. those using wheelchairs or who have difficulties climbing stairs) also benefit, as do travelers pulling wheeled luggage or small folding shopping carts. Even physically non-disabled passengers can board a railcar more rapidly if they do not have to climb stairs to enter, reducing <a href="/wiki/Terminal_dwell_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal dwell time">dwell time</a> at a stop, and reducing overall travel time. In addition, high-platform railcars have more floor space for passengers if space is not required for stairways, and wheelwells needed to accommodate train <a href="/wiki/Bogie" title="Bogie">bogies</a>. </p><p>Because <a href="/wiki/Bilevel_rail_car" title="Bilevel rail car">bilevel rail cars</a> have two passenger levels within a standard height rail car, the lower level, where passengers board, is generally lower than a conventional high-floor car. Hence level boarding with a bilevel car is accomplished using a lower platform, as low as 460 mm (18 in) ATOR.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Light_rail">Light rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High-floor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Light rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because tram/light-rail/streetcar vehicles often share <a href="/wiki/Loading_gauge" title="Loading gauge">loading gauge</a> sizes with heavy rail vehicles, these passenger vehicles usually also use high floor designs. Existing tram/streetcar/light-rail networks generally feature low platforms as many of the stations or stops are in the streets. The high construction/conversion cost of high platforms and the difficulty of making high platforms compatible with other features of the <a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">urban landscape</a> are a significant obstacle to converting tram networks these into urban or <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> networks with high platforms. </p><p>These problems were a major motivation for the development of <a href="/wiki/Low-floor_tram" title="Low-floor tram">low-floor trams</a>, which allow transit operators to avoid the retrofitting of high platforms on existing routes, while still providing improved accessibility. Although low-floor vehicles began to be developed in the 1920s, the first low-floor tram is generally recognized as the <a href="/wiki/Duewag" title="Duewag">Duewag</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=ACM_Vevey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACM Vevey (page does not exist)">ACM Vevey</a> design of 1984 deployed in Geneva, providing a floor height of 480 mm (19 in) ATOR.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bus">Bus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High-floor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wheelchair_lift_SF_7041.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Wheelchair_lift_SF_7041.jpg/170px-Wheelchair_lift_SF_7041.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Wheelchair_lift_SF_7041.jpg/255px-Wheelchair_lift_SF_7041.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Wheelchair_lift_SF_7041.jpg/340px-Wheelchair_lift_SF_7041.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2582" /></a><figcaption>Wheelchair lift on <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Municipal_Railway_fleet" title="San Francisco Municipal Railway fleet">Muni</a> #7041, a <a href="/wiki/New_Flyer_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="New Flyer Industries">New Flyer</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Flyer_High_Floor" title="New Flyer High Floor">E60</a> high floor <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybus</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Tourist <a href="/wiki/Coach_(bus)" title="Coach (bus)">coaches</a> generally have very high floors, sometimes greater than 1,000 mm (39 in) above the road surface, in order to have ample room for luggage under the floor. Since boarding must be allowed directly from flat ground, long and steep staircases are needed. <a href="/wiki/Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">Transit buses</a> also use high floors to provide mechanical clearances for solid axles, but the use of <a href="/wiki/Dropped_axle" title="Dropped axle">dropped axles</a> has enabled the creation of <a href="/wiki/Low-floor_bus" title="Low-floor bus">low-floor buses</a> and by 2008 in the United States, the majority of new transit bus orders were for low-floor types.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High-floor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High-floor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Germany">Germany</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High-floor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today, in Germany, all <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> railways, most <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter trains</a>, and many light rail vehicles operate as high-floor networks. A notable exception is the city railway in Cologne; in the mid-1990s, it was decided to divide that city's partially high-platform network into two separate networks: high-floor and low-floor. </p><p>In contrast with some light rail underground lines, which are often provisionally equipped with low platforms or with tracks laid on raised ballast, there are new developments in the German cities of Düsseldorf (Wehrhahn line) and Dortmund (east–west line). In each of these cities, a new underground light rail line is equipped with platforms for low-floor trams and will be permanently operated with low-floor vehicles. This form of design and construction will avoid the need for subsequent rebuilding of stops on tram routes, even though both cities already have underground lines with high-floor platforms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High-floor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Buses in the UK were traditionally step-entrance built, however this has created problems for people who use wheelchairs as the buses are not wheelchair accessible, as well as being somewhat difficult for passengers with reduced mobility and parents who may be carrying prams and pushchairs. </p><p>Despite low-floor buses first being phased into the UK in 1994, a large number of step-entrance buses remained in use as well as being manufactured. However with the popularity of low-floor buses expanding by the late 1990's due to their easy accessibility for elderly passengers with reduced mobility, passengers with disabilities and parents carrying prams and pushchairs, the production of step-entrance buses slowed, with the last ever non-compliant step-entrance bus design being the double-decked East Lancs Pyoneer in 1997. </p><p>The production of step-entrance buses in the UK almost fully ceased by 31 December 2000, with the legal requirement for new buses produced to be wheelchair accessible, which forced bus manufacturers to concentrate on making low-floor buses, however bus operators were still allowed to order secondhand non-compliant step-entrance buses and run them on their services until they reach the end of their economic or maintainable life. To get around this, a wheelchair compliant step-entrance bus introduced by Wrightbus, the Eclipse SchoolRun was produced in 2006, fitted with a wheelchair lift to allow wheelchair-bound passengers onto the bus, but no further wheelchair compliant step-entrance bus designs were produced. </p><p>Due to the Terms Of The Disability Discrimination Act requiring all buses in public service to be wheelchair accessible, non-compliant step-entrance single deckers and their low floor counterparts were outlawed after 31 December 2015, with non-compliant step-entrance double deckers and their low floor counterparts following suit after 31 December 2016, however exemptions apply for the limited use of non-compliant heritage buses on vintage bus services, as well as Transport For London's Heritage Routemasters due to their service being overlaid on the high-frequency low-floor Route 15. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High-floor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High-floor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Muni_Metro" title="Muni Metro">Muni Metro</a> light-rail system, which has both on-street and underground stations, uses a combination of high and low platforms, and the vehicles feature retractable stairs to accommodate both platform types. For on-street stations, stairs are deployed within the vehicle to allow boarding from low platforms; as the trains move underground, the stairs rise until they are flush with the floor to allow boarding from high platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High-floor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/BSicon_BUS.svg/28px-BSicon_BUS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/BSicon_BUS.svg/42px-BSicon_BUS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/BSicon_BUS.svg/56px-BSicon_BUS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Buses" title="Portal:Buses">Buses portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_train.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/31px-P_train.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/47px-P_train.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/62px-P_train.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Trains" title="Portal:Trains">Trains portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 23em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buses" title="List of buses">List of buses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accessibility#Low_floor" title="Accessibility">Low floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-floor_bus" title="Low-floor bus">Low-floor bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-floor_tram" title="Low-floor tram">Low-floor tram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_platform_height" title="Railway platform height">Railway platform height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_running" class="mw-redirect" title="Street running">Street running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram_stop" title="Tram stop">Tram stop</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High-floor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caltrain.com/Assets/Caltrain+Modernization+Program/Meetings/Caltrain+Level+Boarding+Discussion.pdf">"Caltrain Level Boarding discussion"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Board. 26 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caltrain+Level+Boarding+discussion&rft.pub=Peninsula+Corridor+Joint+Powers+Board&rft.date=2013-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltrain.com%2FAssets%2FCaltrain%2BModernization%2BProgram%2FMeetings%2FCaltrain%2BLevel%2BBoarding%2BDiscussion.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-floor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGagarin,_GregoryHighfill,_Robert_C.Hunter,_Stanton_C." class="citation report cs1">Gagarin, Gregory; Highfill, Robert C.; Hunter, Stanton C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apta.com/previousmc/rail/previous/2011/Papers/First-standardized-rail-car-Gagarin-Highfill-Hunter.pdf">Creating the nation's First Standardized Rail Car Specification</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). America Public Transportation Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Creating+the+nation%27s+First+Standardized+Rail+Car+Specification&rft.pub=America+Public+Transportation+Association&rft.au=Gagarin%2C+Gregory&rft.au=Highfill%2C+Robert+C.&rft.au=Hunter%2C+Stanton+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apta.com%2Fpreviousmc%2Frail%2Fprevious%2F2011%2FPapers%2FFirst-standardized-rail-car-Gagarin-Highfill-Hunter.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-floor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooz_Allen_Hamilton1995" class="citation report cs1">Booz Allen Hamilton (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_02.pdf">Applicability of Low-Floor Light Rail Vehicles in North America</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Transportation Research Board<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Applicability+of+Low-Floor+Light+Rail+Vehicles+in+North+America&rft.pub=Transportation+Research+Board&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Booz+Allen+Hamilton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonlinepubs.trb.org%2Fonlinepubs%2Ftcrp%2Ftcrp_rpt_02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-floor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelaniphy,_MichaelHenke,_Cliff2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Melaniphy, Michael; Henke, Cliff (25 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metro-magazine.com/management-operations/article/211195/hi?page=1">"High-Floor Buses Worth Another Look"</a>. <i>Metro Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metro+Magazine&rft.atitle=High-Floor+Buses+Worth+Another+Look&rft.date=2008-08-25&rft.au=Melaniphy%2C+Michael&rft.au=Henke%2C+Cliff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metro-magazine.com%2Fmanagement-operations%2Farticle%2F211195%2Fhi%3Fpage%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-floor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfmta.com/getting-around/accessibility/muni-access-guide/access-muni-metro">"Access on Muni Metro"</a>. San Francisco Municipal Railway. 18 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Access+on+Muni+Metro&rft.pub=San+Francisco+Municipal+Railway&rft.date=2017-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfmta.com%2Fgetting-around%2Faccessibility%2Fmuni-access-guide%2Faccess-muni-metro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh-floor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Buses" title="Template:Buses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Buses" title="Template talk:Buses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Buses" 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van chassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-decker_bus" title="Double-decker bus">Double-decker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lowbridge_double-deck_bus" title="Lowbridge double-deck bus">Lowbridge double-deck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">High-floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-floor_bus" title="Low-floor bus">Low-floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midibus" title="Midibus">Midi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minibus" title="Minibus">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-axle_bus" title="Multi-axle bus">Multi-axle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_top_bus" title="Open top bus">Open-top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigid_bus" title="Rigid bus">Rigid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-deck_bus" title="Single-deck bus">Single-decker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_coach" title="Snow coach">Snow coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailer_bus" title="Trailer bus">Trailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_Elevated_Bus" title="Transit Elevated Bus">Transit Elevated</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LT_471_(LTZ_1471)_Arriva_London_New_Routemaster_(19522859218).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/LT_471_%28LTZ_1471%29_Arriva_London_New_Routemaster_%2819522859218%29.jpg/150px-LT_471_%28LTZ_1471%29_Arriva_London_New_Routemaster_%2819522859218%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/LT_471_%28LTZ_1471%29_Arriva_London_New_Routemaster_%2819522859218%29.jpg/225px-LT_471_%28LTZ_1471%29_Arriva_London_New_Routemaster_%2819522859218%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/LT_471_%28LTZ_1471%29_Arriva_London_New_Routemaster_%2819522859218%29.jpg/300px-LT_471_%28LTZ_1471%29_Arriva_London_New_Routemaster_%2819522859218%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roadway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Rail_Rapid_Transit" title="Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit">Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Guided_Light_Transit" title="Bombardier Guided Light Transit">Bombardier Guided Light Transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_bus" title="Guided bus">Guided</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">Rapid transit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bus_advertising" title="Bus advertising">Advert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airport_bus" title="Airport bus">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_bus" title="Armoured bus">Armoured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_bus" title="Campaign bus">Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Express_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Express bus service">Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_lounge" title="Mobile lounge">Mobile lounge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_bus" title="Party bus">Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_bus" title="Police bus">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_bus" title="School bus">School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_bus_by_country" title="School bus by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle bus service">Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeper_bus" title="Sleeper bus">Sleeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">Transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train-replacement_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Train-replacement bus service">Train replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_bus" title="Training bus">Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_bus_service" title="Tour bus service">Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourist_trolley" title="Tourist trolley">Tourist trolley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dual-mode_bus" title="Dual-mode bus">Dual-mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_bus" title="Electric bus">Electric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battery_electric_bus" title="Battery electric bus">Battery electric bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capacitor_electric_vehicle" title="Capacitor electric vehicle">Capacitor electric bus</a></li> <li>Charging <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ground-level_power_supply" title="Ground-level power supply">Ground-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_electric_vehicle" title="Online electric vehicle">Inductive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_line" title="Overhead line">Overhead</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell_bus" title="Fuel cell bus">Fuel cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyrobus" title="Gyrobus">Gyro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_electric_bus" title="Hybrid electric bus">Hybrid electric bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_bus" title="Solar bus">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">Trolleybus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bus_manufacturing" title="Bus manufacturing">Manufacturing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electric_bus_makers" title="List of electric bus makers">Electric bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_school_bus_manufacturers" title="List of school bus manufacturers">School bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trolleybus_manufacturers" title="List of trolleybus manufacturers">Trolleybus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/BSicon_BUS.svg/28px-BSicon_BUS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/BSicon_BUS.svg/42px-BSicon_BUS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/BSicon_BUS.svg/56px-BSicon_BUS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Buses" title="Portal:Buses">Buses portal</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Buses" title="Category:Buses">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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