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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">David Olyphant</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:David_W_C_Olyphant.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/David_W_C_Olyphant.png/220px-David_W_C_Olyphant.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/David_W_C_Olyphant.png/330px-David_W_C_Olyphant.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/David_W_C_Olyphant.png/440px-David_W_C_Olyphant.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="686" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">David Washington Cincinnatus Olyphant</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1789-03-07</span>)</span>March 7, 1789<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 10, 1851<span style="display:none">(1851-06-10)</span> (aged 62)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Businessman</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Ann Archer McKenzie</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>David Washington Cincinnatus<sup id="ref_A_1" class="reference"><a href="#cnote_A">[A]</a></sup> Olyphant</b> (March<span class="nowrap"> </span>7, 1789 – June<span class="nowrap"> </span>10, 1851) was an American <a href="/wiki/Old_China_Trade" title="Old China Trade">trader in the Far East</a> and "the father of the American Mission to China".<sup id="cite_ref-Bridgman1864_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bridgman1864-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an elected member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Commissioners_for_Foreign_Missions" title="American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions">American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions</a> (ABCFM), the organization that sent the first American missionaries to China in 1829.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Olyphant&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a>, he was the son of Dr. David Olyphant, a Scottish supporter of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Stewart" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Edward Stewart">Bonnie Prince Charlie</a>, who arrived in America in the 1740s shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Culloden" title="Battle of Culloden">Battle of Culloden</a>, and Ann (née Vernon) Olyphant, granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ward_(governor)" title="Richard Ward (governor)">Richard Ward</a>, governor of <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ElectricScotland_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElectricScotland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1806, following the death of his father, he went to <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> where he worked for the firm of King and Talbot, who were involved in the <a href="/wiki/Old_China_Trade" title="Old China Trade">China trade</a>. After living in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> between 1812 and 1817, he returned to New York where in 1820 he became an agent of Thomas H. Smith of Canton (now <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>), China.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShavit1990373_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShavit1990373-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="China">China</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Olyphant&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On behalf of King and Talbot, Olyphant arrived in Canton in 1820, where he met the Scottish missionary <a href="/wiki/Robert_Morrison_(missionary)" title="Robert Morrison (missionary)">Robert Morrison</a>. Thereafter he began a long-term involvement with <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> missionary endeavors in China.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbia_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Olyphant returned to China following the birth of his son <a href="/wiki/Robert_Morrison_Olyphant" title="Robert Morrison Olyphant">Robert Morrison Olyphant</a> to find the man after whom he had named his son<sup id="cite_ref-ElectricScotland_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElectricScotland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alone in Canton and suffering from chronic depression<sup id="cite_ref-Ward1998_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ward1998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following the death of his fellow missionary <a href="/wiki/William_Milne_(missionary)" title="William Milne (missionary)">William Milne</a>. Delays by the <a href="/wiki/London_Missionary_Society" title="London Missionary Society">London Missionary Society</a> in sending Morrison assistance led to Olyphant writing to the <a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Commissioners_for_Foreign_Missions" title="American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions">American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions</a> (ABCFM) with the news that his ship <i>Roman</i> would be departing for Canton in December 1829, and "if a missionary could be sent out in her, the passage should be free."<sup id="cite_ref-Newcomb1860_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newcomb1860-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the chosen individual, <a href="/wiki/Elijah_Coleman_Bridgman" title="Elijah Coleman Bridgman">Elijah Coleman Bridgman</a>, became the first American Protestant Christian missionary in China.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbia_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ward1998_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ward1998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Olyphant offered all subsequent missionaries free passage on his ships and free lodgings in Canton as well as supporting the locally produced newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canton_Register" title="The Canton Register">The Canton Register</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShavit1990373_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShavit1990373-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ElectricScotland_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElectricScotland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Olyphant allowed the physician and missionary <a href="/wiki/Peter_Parker_(physician)" title="Peter Parker (physician)">Peter Parker</a> to use one of his warehouses as a hospital "so that patients could come and go without annoying foreigners by passing through their <i><a href="/wiki/Hong_(business)" title="Hong (business)">hongs</a></i>, or excite the observations of natives by being seen to resort to a foreigner's house, rendered it most suitable for the purpose."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November<span class="nowrap"> </span>29, 1834, Olyphant, along with <a href="/wiki/James_Matheson" title="James Matheson">James Matheson</a>, William Wetmore, James Innes, Thomas Fox, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, <a href="/wiki/Karl_G%C3%BCtzlaff" title="Karl Gützlaff">Karl Gützlaff</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Morrison" title="John Robert Morrison">John Robert Morrison</a>, formed a committee to inaugurate the <i>Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge in China</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-BridgmanWilliams1835_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BridgmanWilliams1835-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1838, Olyphant was elected to the board of the ABCFM.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbia_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1842, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Wells_Williams" title="Samuel Wells Williams">Samuel Wells Williams</a>, an American Sinologist, described him as a "steady and munificent friend of all efforts for the good of China".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Olyphant_&_Co."><span id="Olyphant_.26_Co."></span>Olyphant & Co.</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Olyphant&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Olyphant & Co."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Olyphant_%26_Co." title="Olyphant & Co.">Olyphant & Co.</a></div> <p>In 1828, along with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_N._Talbot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles N. Talbot (page does not exist)">Charles N. Talbot</a>, Olyphant founded the <a href="/wiki/Hong_(business)" title="Hong (business)">trading house</a> <a href="/wiki/Olyphant_%26_Co." title="Olyphant & Co.">Olyphant & Co.</a> in Canton, trading in "silk, mattings and fancy articles"<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after their former employer King and Talbot went bankrupt.<sup id="cite_ref-Knoblock2014_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knoblock2014-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new firm was unusual in that it eschewed the <a href="/wiki/History_of_opium_in_China" title="History of opium in China">opium trade</a> unlike many of its contemporary competitors.<sup id="cite_ref-Austin2011_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Austin2011-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Olyphant&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forced by ill-health to leave China for the US, Olyphant died <i>en route</i> in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt, on June<span class="nowrap"> </span>10, 1851.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShavit1990373_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShavit1990373-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Offspring">Offspring</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Olyphant&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Offspring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Olyphant's son <a href="/wiki/Robert_Morrison_Olyphant" title="Robert Morrison Olyphant">Robert Morrison Olyphant</a> joined his father at Olyphant & Co. and was later progressively Assistant President, Vice-President, and for twenty years President of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company (later the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_and_Hudson_Railway" title="Delaware and Hudson Railway">Delaware and Hudson Railway</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ElectricScotland_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElectricScotland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His great-great-great-grandson is actor <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Olyphant" title="Timothy Olyphant">Timothy Olyphant</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Olyphant&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style=""><ol class="references" style="list-style-type:upper-alpha;"> <li id="cnote_A"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#ref_A_1">^</a></b></span> <div style="display:inline;" class="reference-text">Olyphant's second two forenames were in honor of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> and the Roman statesman <a href="/wiki/Cincinnatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnatus">Cincinnatus</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Olyphant&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bridgman1864-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bridgman1864_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBridgman1864" class="citation book cs1">Bridgman, Eliza J. Gillet, ed. (1864). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pioneeramerican01bridgoog"><i>The Pioneer of American Missions in China: The Life and Labors of Elijah Coleman Bridgman</i></a>. New York: A. D. F. Randolph. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pioneeramerican01bridgoog/page/n58">37</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pioneer+of+American+Missions+in+China%3A+The+Life+and+Labors+of+Elijah+Coleman+Bridgman&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=A.+D.+F.+Randolph&rft.date=1864&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpioneeramerican01bridgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Olyphant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Columbia-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Columbia_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbia_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbia_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbia_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScottKamsler2014" class="citation web cs1">Scott, Gregory Adam; Kamsler, Brigette C. (February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.columbia.edu/content/dam/libraryweb/locations/burke/fa/mrl/ldpd_8527541.pdf">"Missionary Research Library Archives: D.W.C. Olyphant Papers, 1827–1851"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> Libraries<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Missionary+Research+Library+Archives%3A+D.W.C.+Olyphant+Papers%2C+1827%26ndash%3B1851&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Libraries&rft.date=2014-02&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Gregory+Adam&rft.au=Kamsler%2C+Brigette+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.columbia.edu%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Flibraryweb%2Flocations%2Fburke%2Ffa%2Fmrl%2Fldpd_8527541.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Olyphant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ElectricScotland-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ElectricScotland_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ElectricScotland_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ElectricScotland_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ElectricScotland_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electricscotland.com/history/descendants/chap118.htm">"Scots and Scots Descendant in America Part V - Biographies Robert Morrison Olyphant and Doctor David Olyphant"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scots+and+Scots+Descendant+in+America+Part+V+-+Biographies+Robert+Morrison+Olyphant+and+Doctor+David+Olyphant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.electricscotland.com%2Fhistory%2Fdescendants%2Fchap118.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Olyphant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShavit1990373-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShavit1990373_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShavit1990373_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShavit1990373_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShavit1990">Shavit 1990</a>, p. 373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ward1998-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ward1998_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ward1998_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFay,_Peter_Ward1998" class="citation book cs1">Fay, Peter Ward (16 March 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EgSs61pjvS8C"><i>Opium War, 1840-1842: Barbarians in the Celestial Empire in the Early Part of the Nineteenth Century and the War by which They Forced Her Gates Ajar: Barbarians in the Celestial Empire in the Early Part of the Nineteenth Century and the War by Which They Forced Her Gates Ajar</i></a>. Univ of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-6136-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-6136-3"><bdi>978-0-8078-6136-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opium+War%2C+1840-1842%3A+Barbarians+in+the+Celestial+Empire+in+the+Early+Part+of+the+Nineteenth+Century+and+the+War+by+which+They+Forced+Her+Gates+Ajar%3A+Barbarians+in+the+Celestial+Empire+in+the+Early+Part+of+the+Nineteenth+Century+and+the+War+by+Which+They+Forced+Her+Gates+Ajar&rft.pub=Univ+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1998-03-16&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-6136-3&rft.au=Fay%2C+Peter+Ward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEgSs61pjvS8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Olyphant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newcomb1860-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newcomb1860_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewcomb1860" class="citation book cs1">Newcomb, Harvey (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/acyclopediamiss02newcgoog"><i>A Cyclopedia of Missions: Containing a Comprehensive View of Missionary Operations Throughout the World : with Geographical Descriptions, and Accounts of the Social, Moral, and Religious Condition of the People</i></a>. Charles Scribner. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/acyclopediamiss02newcgoog/page/n301">271</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Cyclopedia+of+Missions%3A+Containing+a+Comprehensive+View+of+Missionary+Operations+Throughout+the+World+%3A+with+Geographical+Descriptions%2C+and+Accounts+of+the+Social%2C+Moral%2C+and+Religious+Condition+of+the+People&rft.pages=271&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner&rft.date=1860&rft.aulast=Newcomb&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Facyclopediamiss02newcgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Olyphant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker1836" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Parker_(physician)" title="Peter Parker (physician)">Parker, Peter</a> (February 1836), "First Quarterly Report of Ophthalmic Hospital at Canton", <i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Repository" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Repository">Chinese Repository</a></i>: 461</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chinese+Repository&rft.atitle=First+Quarterly+Report+of+Ophthalmic+Hospital+at+Canton&rft.pages=461&rft.date=1836-02&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Olyphant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BridgmanWilliams1835-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BridgmanWilliams1835_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElijah_Coleman_BridgmanSamuel_Wells_Williams1835" class="citation book cs1">Elijah Coleman Bridgman; Samuel Wells Williams (1835). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=15RCAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Chinese Repository</i></a>. Maruzen Kabushiki Kaisha. p. 381.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chinese+Repository&rft.pages=381&rft.pub=Maruzen+Kabushiki+Kaisha&rft.date=1835&rft.au=Elijah+Coleman+Bridgman&rft.au=Samuel+Wells+Williams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D15RCAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Olyphant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1842" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Samuel Wells (1842). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t5j969m5q;view=1up;seq=7"><i>Easy Lessons in Chinese</i></a>. Macao: Office of the Chinese Repository.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Easy+Lessons+in+Chinese&rft.place=Macao&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Chinese+Repository&rft.date=1842&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Wells&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duc2.ark%3A%2F13960%2Ft5j969m5q%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Olyphant" class="Z3988"></span>, dedication</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1878/12/09/81737675.pdf">"Olyphant & Co's Failure"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. December 9, 1878. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/93699620">93699620</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Olyphant+%26+Co%27s+Failure&rft.date=1878-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1878%2F12%2F09%2F81737675.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Olyphant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knoblock2014-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Knoblock2014_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlenn_A._Knoblock2014" class="citation book cs1">Glenn A. Knoblock (15 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IzvTAgAAQBAJ"><i>The American Clipper Ship, 1845-1920: A Comprehensive History, with a Listing of Builders and Their Ships</i></a>. McFarland. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-0284-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-0284-4"><bdi>978-1-4766-0284-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Clipper+Ship%2C+1845-1920%3A+A+Comprehensive+History%2C+with+a+Listing+of+Builders+and+Their+Ships&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014-01-15&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-0284-4&rft.au=Glenn+A.+Knoblock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIzvTAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Olyphant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Austin2011-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Austin2011_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustin2011" class="citation book cs1">Austin, Denise (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-fGAj-7uI1AC"><i>"Kingdom-Minded" People: Christian Identity and the Contributions of Chinese Business Christians</i></a>. BRILL. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20402-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20402-7"><bdi>978-90-04-20402-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Kingdom-Minded%22+People%3A+Christian+Identity+and+the+Contributions+of+Chinese+Business+Christians&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-90-04-20402-7&rft.aulast=Austin&rft.aufirst=Denise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-fGAj-7uI1AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Olyphant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dl.ket.org/latin1/historia/people/cincinnatus01.htm">"Lucius (Titus) Quinctius Cincinnatus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Educational_Television" title="Kentucky Educational Television">Kentucky Educational Television</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lucius+%28Titus%29+Quinctius+Cincinnatus&rft.pub=Kentucky+Educational+Television&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dl.ket.org%2Flatin1%2Fhistoria%2Fpeople%2Fcincinnatus01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Olyphant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Bibliography</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShavit1990" class="citation book cs1">Shavit, David (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IWdZTaJdc6UC"><i>The United States in Asia: A Historical Dictionary</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-26788-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-26788-8"><bdi>978-0-313-26788-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+in+Asia%3A+A+Historical+Dictionary&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-313-26788-8&rft.aulast=Shavit&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIWdZTaJdc6UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Olyphant" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Olyphant&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.cul.columbia.edu/burke/files/2014/02/Burke_MRL6_OlyphantPapers.pdf">Selections from letters of Mr. D.W.C. Olyphant</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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trade in <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton_System" title="Canton System">Canton System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohong" title="Cohong">Cohong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Flint_(merchant)" title="James Flint (merchant)">James Flint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_China_Trade" title="Old China Trade">Old China Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Factories" title="Thirteen Factories">Thirteen Factories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese Hongs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ewo_(hong)" title="Ewo (hong)"> Ewo Hong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howqua" title="Howqua">Howqua</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hong_(business)" title="Hong (business)">Foreign Hongs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Heard_%26_Co." title="Augustine Heard & Co.">Augustine Heard & Co.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Heard" title="Augustine Heard">Augustine Heard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Heard" title="Albert Heard">Albert Heard</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dent_%26_Co." title="Dent & Co.">Dent & Co.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lancelot_Dent" title="Lancelot Dent">Lancelot Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dent_(merchant)" title="John Dent (merchant)">John Dent</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dodwell_%26_Co." title="Dodwell & Co.">Dodwell & Co.</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibb,_Livingston_%26_Co." title="Gibb, Livingston & Co.">Gibb, Livingston & Co.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Bold_Gibb" title="Hugh Bold Gibb">Hugh Bold Gibb</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jardine_Matheson_%26_Co." title="History of Jardine Matheson & Co.">Jardine, Matheson & Co.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Jardine_(merchant)" title="William Jardine (merchant)">William Jardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Matheson" title="James Matheson">James Matheson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Abel_Smith" title="John Abel Smith">John Abel Smith</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Magniac & Co. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Beale" title="Daniel Beale">Daniel Beale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Beale" title="Thomas Beale">Thomas Beale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chay_Beale" title="Thomas Chay Beale">Thomas Chay Beale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollingworth_Magniac" title="Hollingworth Magniac">Hollingworth Magniac</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olyphant_%26_Co." title="Olyphant & Co.">Olyphant & Co.</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David Olyphant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morrison_Olyphant" title="Robert Morrison Olyphant">Robert Morrison Olyphant</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_%26_Company" title="Russell & Company">Russell & Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bennet_Forbes" title="Robert Bennet Forbes">Robert Bennet Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cleve_Green" title="John Cleve Green">John Cleve Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiel_Abbot_Low" title="Abiel Abbot Low">Abiel Abbot Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Low" title="William Henry Low">William Henry Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Russell" title="Samuel Russell">Samuel Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Sturgis_(1805%E2%80%931887)" title="Russell Sturgis (1805–1887)">Russell Sturgis</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shewan,_Tomes_%26_Co." title="Shewan, Tomes & Co.">Shewan, Tomes & Co.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Shewan" title="Robert Shewan">Robert Shewan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Sassoon_%26_Co." title="David Sassoon & Co.">David Sassoon & Co.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Sassoon_(treasurer)" title="David Sassoon (treasurer)">David Sassoon</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E.D._Sassoon_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="E.D. Sassoon & Co.">E.D. Sassoon & Co.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elias_David_Sassoon" title="Elias David Sassoon">Elias David Sassoon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese Officials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Zexu" title="Lin Zexu">Lin Zexu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Amoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong#Imperial_China_era_(221_BC_–_1911_AD)" title="History of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Macau" title="History of Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Shanghai" title="History of Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17047957#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17047957#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17047957#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/16439920">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/323512/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwCX9whbDFrTJpTph7CQq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n93058426">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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