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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etc."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Etc.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etc.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocabulario_adicional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabulario_adicional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Vocabulario adicional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocabulario_adicional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_Insight_(Houses_in_Spanish-speaking_countries)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_Insight_(Houses_in_Spanish-speaking_countries)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Cultural Insight (Houses in Spanish-speaking countries)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_Insight_(Houses_in_Spanish-speaking_countries)-sublist" 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1</a></bdi></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chapter_13_(The_Household)"><span id="Chapter_13_.28The_Household.29"></span>Chapter 13 (The Household)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Chapter 13 (The Household)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Chapter 13 (The Household)"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Location" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Location"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>cerca</b> - close, near</li> <li><b>lejos</b> - far</li> <li><b>vivir</b> - to live</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rooms_in_a_house">Rooms in a house</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rooms in a house" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Rooms in a house"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>apartamento</b> - apartment</li> <li><b>baño</b> - bathroom</li> <li><b>cocina</b> - kitchen</li> <li><b>comedor</b> - dining room</li> <li><b>cuarto</b> - room</li> <li><b>despacho, la oficina</b> - home office</li> <li><b>escalera</b> - stairway</li> <li><b>garaje</b> - garage</li> <li><b>piso</b> - story, floor</li> <li><b>planta baja</b> - ground floor</li> <li><b>primer piso</b> - first floor</li> <li><b>sala</b> - living room</li> <li><b>segundo piso</b> - second floor</li> <li><b>sótano</b> - basement</li> <li><b>ático</b> - attic</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chores">Chores</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chores" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Chores"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>arreglar el cuarto</b> - to straighten up the room</li> <li><b>ayudar</b> - to help</li> <li><b>cocinar</b> - to cook</li> <li><b>cortar el césped (la grama)</b> - to cut the lawn</li> <li><b>dar</b> - to give</li> <li><b>dar de comer al perro</b> - to feed the dog</li> <li><b>hacer la cama</b> - to make the bed</li> <li><b>lavar</b> - to wash</li> <li><b>limpiar el baño</b> - to clean the bathroom</li> <li><b>pasar la aspiradora</b> - to vaccum</li> <li><b>poner</b> - to put, place</li> <li><b>pongo</b> - I place</li> <li><b>pones</b> - you place (singular)</li> <li><b>poner la mesa</b> - to set the table</li> <li><b>quehaceres</b> - chores</li> <li><b>quitar el polvo</b> - to dust</li> <li><b>sacar la basura</b> - to take out the trash</li></ul> <p><b>Note</b>: The first person conjugation for <i>dar</i> is <i>doy</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clean_or_dirty">Clean or dirty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Clean or dirty" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Clean or dirty"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>limpio(a)</b> - clean</li> <li><b>sucio(a)</b> - dirty</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_words">Other words</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other words" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Other words"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>bastante</b> - enough</li> <li><b>¿Cuáles?</b> - Which? (plural)</li> <li><b>dinero</b> - money</li> <li><b>un momento</b> - a moment</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Useful_expressions">Useful expressions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Useful expressions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Useful expressions"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>¿Qué estás haciendo?</b> - What are you doing?</li> <li><b>recibir</b> - to receive</li> <li><b>si</b> - if, whether</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affirmative_tú_commands"><span id="Affirmative_t.C3.BA_commands"></span>Affirmative <i>tú</i> commands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Affirmative tú commands" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Affirmative tú commands"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Spanish, there are two ways to tell someone to do something, the <i>tú</i> form is used in the same way the word is used, with friends, family, younger people, and people you know. The <i>tú</i> commands use the <i>Ud./él/ella</i> conjugations. Below is the list of ending for the affirmative <i>tú</i> commands, the same as the <i>Ud./él/ella</i> conjugations. </p><p>-ar: -a </p><p>-er: -e </p><p>-ir: -e </p><p>Examples: </p> <ul><li><b>habla</b> - talk</li> <li><b>lee</b> - read</li> <li><b>escribe</b> - write</li></ul> <p>There are eight irregular affirmative <i>tú</i> command conjugations for these words: </p> <ul><li><b>decir</b> - to say, to tell</li> <li><b>hacer</b> - to do, to make</li> <li><b>ir</b> - to go</li> <li><b>poner</b> - to put, place</li> <li><b>salir</b> - to leave, go out</li> <li><b>ser</b> - to be</li> <li><b>tener</b> - to have</li> <li><b>venir</b> - to come</li></ul> <p>Their conjugations for affirmative <i>tú</i> commands are: </p> <ul><li><b>di</b> - say</li> <li><b>haz</b> - do</li> <li><b>ve</b> - go</li> <li><b>pon</b> - put</li> <li><b>sal</b> - leave, go out</li> <li><b>sé</b> - be</li> <li><b>ten</b> - have</li> <li><b>ven</b> - come</li></ul> <p><b>Note</b>: The command <i>ve</i> is regular for the verb to see: <i>ver</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Present_progressive_tense">Present progressive tense</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Present progressive tense" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Present progressive tense"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The present progressive tense tells what is happening right now, and when conjugated in Spanish, the equivalent in English is <i>-ing</i>. Below is the list of conjugations for the present progressive tense in Spanish: </p><p>-ar: -ando </p><p>-er: -iendo </p><p>-ir: -iendo </p><p>Examples: </p> <ul><li><b>lavando</b> - washing</li> <li><b>comiendo</b> - eating</li> <li><b>escribiendo</b> - writing</li></ul> <p>There are a few irregular present progressive conjugations in Spanish; one example is <i>leer</i>. </p> <ul><li><i>leyendo</i> - reading</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etc.">Etc.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Etc." class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Etc."><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>coche</b> - car</li></ul> <p><b>Note</b>: In the United States and in northern Mexico, <i>carro</i> is usually used side-by-side with <i>coche</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocabulario_adicional">Vocabulario adicional</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Vocabulario adicional" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Vocabulario adicional"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>estufa</b> - stove</li> <li><b>jardín</b> - garden</li> <li><b>lavadero</b> - laundry room</li> <li><b>lavadora</b> - washing machine</li> <li><b>lavaplatos</b> - dishwasher</li> <li><b>muebles</b> - furniture</li> <li><b>patio</b> - patio</li> <li><b>refrigerador</b> - refrigerator</li> <li><b>secadora</b> - clothes dryer</li> <li><b>sillón</b> - armchair</li> <li><b>sofá</b> - sofa</li> <li><b>tocador</b> - dressing table</li> <li><b>quitar</b> - to remove</li> <li><b>quitar la nieve con la pala</b> - to shovel snow</li> <li><b>quitar los platos de la mesa</b> - to clear the table</li> <li><b>rastrillar las hojas</b> - to rake leaves</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_Insight_(Houses_in_Spanish-speaking_countries)"><span id="Cultural_Insight_.28Houses_in_Spanish-speaking_countries.29"></span>Cultural Insight (Houses in Spanish-speaking countries)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cultural Insight (Houses in Spanish-speaking countries)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Cultural Insight (Houses in Spanish-speaking countries)"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Spanish-speaking countries, houses tend to be viewed as more private than in the most parts of the world. Bars will usually be placed on the windows of first floor rooms of the house and a patio would be located at the center of the house or apartment buliding. Usually, the patio would be decorated with plants and a fountain. A gate would separate the driveway from the sidewalk and a fence would separate the house from a neighbor's. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Country_Focus_(Venezuela)"><span id="Country_Focus_.28Venezuela.29"></span>Country Focus (Venezuela)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Country Focus (Venezuela)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Country Focus (Venezuela)"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Venezuela.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/150px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/225px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/300px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezuela_in_its_region.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="noframe"><img alt="noframe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Venezuela_in_its_region.svg/150px-Venezuela_in_its_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Venezuela_in_its_region.svg/225px-Venezuela_in_its_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Venezuela_in_its_region.svg/300px-Venezuela_in_its_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption>noframe</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Venezuela</b> (Spanish: Venezuela) is a country on the northern coast of South America. </p><p>The country comprises a continental mainland and numerous islands located off the Venezuelan coastline in the Caribbean Sea. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela possesses borders with Guyana to the east, Brazil to the south, and Colombia to the west. Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, St. Lucia, Barbados, Curaçao, Bonaire, Aruba, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and the Leeward Antilles lie just north, off the Venezuelan coast. Falling within the tropics, Venezuela sits close to the equator, in the Northern Hemisphere. </p><p>A former Spanish colony, which has been an independent republic since 1821, Venezuela holds territorial disputes with Guyana, largely concerning the Essequibo area, and with Colombia concerning the Gulf of Venezuela. In 1895, after the dispute over the Guyana border flared up, it was submitted to a neutral commission, which in 1899 decided it mostly in Guyana's favour. Today, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is known widely for its petroleum industry, the environmental diversity of its territory, and its natural features. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caracas_from_El_Calvario.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Caracas_from_El_Calvario.jpg/150px-Caracas_from_El_Calvario.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Caracas_from_El_Calvario.jpg/225px-Caracas_from_El_Calvario.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Caracas_from_El_Calvario.jpg/300px-Caracas_from_El_Calvario.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption>Caracas is home to 3.2 million people and is the the largest city in Venezuela.</figcaption></figure> <p>Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America; the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the north, especially in the capital Caracas which is also the largest city. Other major cities include Maracaibo, Valencia, Maracay, Barquisimeto, Ciudad Guayana and the popular tourist city of Mérida. Venezuela is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats. </p><p>Venezuela's heritage, art, and culture have been heavily influenced by its Latin American context. These elements extend to its historic buildings, architecture, art, landscape, boundaries, and monuments. Venezuelan culture has been shaped by indigenous, Spanish and African influences. Before this period, indigenous culture was expressed in art (petroglyphs), crafts, architecture (shabonos), and social organization. Aboriginal culture was subsequently assimilated by Spaniards; over the years, the hybrid culture had diversified by region. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Espejo_Acu%C3%A1tico_-_Los_Pr%C3%B3ceres.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Espejo_Acu%C3%A1tico_-_Los_Pr%C3%B3ceres.jpg/150px-Espejo_Acu%C3%A1tico_-_Los_Pr%C3%B3ceres.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Espejo_Acu%C3%A1tico_-_Los_Pr%C3%B3ceres.jpg/225px-Espejo_Acu%C3%A1tico_-_Los_Pr%C3%B3ceres.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Espejo_Acu%C3%A1tico_-_Los_Pr%C3%B3ceres.jpg/300px-Espejo_Acu%C3%A1tico_-_Los_Pr%C3%B3ceres.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1214" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>Los Próceres monument in Caracas.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Factbox</b>: </p><p>-Official Languages: Spanish </p><p>-Other Languages: Native American languages </p><p>-Capital: Caracas </p><p>-Government: Democracy </p><p>-Area: 912,050 sq km (353,841 sq mi) (33rd) </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bol%C3%ADvar_usgs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Bol%C3%ADvar_usgs.jpg/150px-Bol%C3%ADvar_usgs.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Bol%C3%ADvar_usgs.jpg/225px-Bol%C3%ADvar_usgs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Bol%C3%ADvar_usgs.jpg/300px-Bol%C3%ADvar_usgs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption>Pico Bolívar in Venezuela is where the Andes Mountains begin their southward route to Argentina.</figcaption></figure> <p>-Population: 26,814,843 (40th) </p><p>-Religion: Christianity (Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%) 98%, Buddhism 0.2%, other (Traditional beliefs, Judaism) 1.8% </p><p>-Human Development: 0.844 (58th, HIGH) </p><p>-Independence: July 5, 1811 </p><p>-Currency: Venezuela bolívar </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&oldid=2412395">https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_1/The_Household&oldid=2412395</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_One" title="Category:Spanish One">Spanish One</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 August 2022, at 18:35.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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