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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1"/><title>Strong's Greek: 4456. πωρόω (póroó) -- To harden, to make callous, to render insensitive</title></title><link rel="canonical" href="http://biblehub.com/greek/4456.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/strongsnew2.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader.js'></script></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/interlinear/vmenus/hebrews/11-34.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="//biblehu.com/bmstrongs/greek/4456.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/strongs.htm">Strong's</a> > <a href="/englishmans_greek.htm">Greek</a> > 4456</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="../greek/4455.htm" title="4455">◄</a> 4456. póroó <a href="../greek/4457.htm" title="4457">►</a></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheading">Strong's Lexicon</div><div align="left"><span class="toptitle2">póroó: To harden, to make callous, to render insensitive</span></div><p><span class="tophdg">Original Word: </span><span class="greek">πωρόω</span><br><span class="tophdg">Part of Speech: </span>Verb<br><span class="tophdg">Transliteration: </span>póroó<br><span class="tophdg">Pronunciation: </span>po-ro'-o<br><span class="tophdg">Phonetic Spelling: </span>(po-ro'-o)<br><span class="tophdg">Definition: </span>To harden, to make callous, to render insensitive<br><span class="tophdg">Meaning: </span>I harden, render callous, petrify.<p><span class="tophdg">Word Origin: </span>From the Greek word "πῶρος" (póros), meaning a kind of stone or callus.<p><span class="tophdg">Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: </span> - <b>H2388 (חָזַק, chazaq):</b> Often translated as "to harden," used in contexts like the hardening of Pharaoh's heart (Exodus 4:21).<p> - <b>H7185 (קָשָׁה, qashah):</b> Meaning "to harden" or "to make stiff," used in reference to the Israelites' stubbornness (Deuteronomy 9:27).<p><span class="tophdg">Usage: </span>The verb "póroó" is used in the New Testament to describe the process of hardening, particularly in a spiritual or moral sense. It refers to the dulling or insensitivity of one's heart or mind, often as a result of persistent unbelief or disobedience. This hardening can lead to an inability to perceive or understand spiritual truths.<p><span class="tophdg">Cultural and Historical Background: </span>In the Greco-Roman world, the concept of hardening was often associated with a lack of responsiveness or sensitivity, whether physically or metaphorically. In the biblical context, it is frequently used to describe the spiritual state of individuals or groups who resist God's revelation and truth. The imagery of a hardened heart is rooted in the Old Testament, where it often describes the obstinacy of the Israelites or their leaders.<div class="vheading2">HELPS Word-studies</div><p class="discovery"><b>4456</b> <i>pōróō</i> (from <i>pōros</i>, a kind of marble) – properly, made of <i>stone</i>; (figuratively) <i>insensible</i>; dull, <i>unperceptive</i> as <i>a rock</i>; calloused (hardened); i.e. unresponsive (dense), completely lacking sensitivity or spiritual perception. </p><p class="discovery">[From the time of Hippocrates, <a href="/greek/4456.htm">4456</a> (<i>pōróō</i>) means "<i>harden</i>," like a <i>formed callus</i> which <i>petrifies</i> (cf. <i>DNTT</i>, 2, 153).</p><p class="discovery">4456 (<i>pōróō</i>) was applied to <i>bony formations on the joints</i> (a "<i>callus</i>," <i>ossification</i>) – hence meaning "to petrify" (as in "covering over with a callus"). <a href="/greek/4456.htm">4456</a> (<i>pōróō</i>) is <i>only used figuratively</i> in the NT meaning "to deaden (dull), to make (render) obtuse (dull, dead)" (Souter).]</p><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/discovery.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe><div class="vheading2">NAS Exhaustive Concordance</div><span class="hdg">Word Origin</span><br>from póros (a stone, a callous)<br><span class="hdg">Definition</span><br>to petrify, i.e. to harden<br><span class="hdg">NASB Translation</span><br>hardened (5).<p><div align="center"><span class="smalltext"><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/nasec.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe></span></div><div class="vheading2">Thayer's Greek Lexicon</div><span class="maintitle">STRONGS NT 4456: πωρόω</span><br><br><span class="arttitle"><span class="grktitle">πωρόω</span></span>, <span class="greek2">πώρω</span>: 1 aorist <span class="greek2">ἐπωρωσα</span> (<a href="/interlinear/john/12-40.htm">John 12:40</a> <span class="manuref">T</span> <span class="manuref">Tr</span> <span class="manuref">WH</span>); perfect <span class="greek2">πεπώρωκα</span>; perfect passive participle <span class="greek2">πεπωρωμενος</span>; 1 aorist passive <span class="greek2">ἐπωρωθην</span>; (<span class="greek2">πῶρος</span>, hard skin, a hardening, induration); <span class="accented">to cover with a thick skin, to harden by covering with a callus</span> (<span class="abbreviation">R. V.</span> everywhere simply to harden): metaphorically, <span class="greek2">καρδίαν</span>, to make the heart dull, <a href="/interlinear/john/12-40.htm">John 12:40</a>; passive, <span class="accented">to grow hard or callous, become dull, lose the power of understanding</span>: <a href="/interlinear/romans/11-7.htm">Romans 11:7</a>; <span class="greek2">τά</span> <span class="greek2">νοήματα</span>, <a href="/interlinear/2_corinthians/3-14.htm">2 Corinthians 3:14</a>; <span class="greek2">ἡ</span> <span class="greek2">καρδία</span>, <a href="/interlinear/mark/6-52.htm">Mark 6:52</a>; <a href="/interlinear/mark/8-17.htm">Mark 8:17</a>. Cf. Fritzsche, Commentary on Mark, p. 78f; on Romans, ii., p. 451f. ((<span class="abbreviation">Hippocrates</span> (<DATE_RANGE:430 B.C.>), <span class="abbreviation">Aristotle</span>, others.))<FOOTNOTE:1> <br><br><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/bsoft.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe><div class="vheading2">Strong's Exhaustive Concordance</div>harden, blind<p>Apparently from poros (a kind of stone); to petrify, i.e. (figuratively) to indurate (render stupid or callous) -- blind, harden. <div class="vheading2">Forms and Transliterations</div>επωρωθη επωρώθη ἐπωρώθη επωρωθησαν επωρώθησαν ἐπωρώθησαν επωρωσεν ἐπώρωσεν πεπώρωκεν πεπωρωμενη πεπωρωμένη πεπωρωμενην πεπωρωμένην πεπώρωνται eporosen epōrōsen epṓrosen epṓrōsen eporothe eporṓthe epōrōthē epōrṓthē eporothesan eporṓthesan epōrōthēsan epōrṓthēsan peporomene peporoméne pepōrōmenē pepōrōménē peporomenen peporoménen pepōrōmenēn pepōrōménēn<div class="vheading2">Links</div><a href="/interlinear/matthew/1-1.htm">Interlinear Greek</a> • <a href="/interlinear/genesis/1-1.htm">Interlinear Hebrew</a> • <a href="/strongs.htm">Strong's Numbers</a> • <a href="/englishmans_greek.htm">Englishman's Greek Concordance</a> • <a href="/englishmans_hebrew.htm">Englishman's Hebrew Concordance</a> • <a href="/texts/matthew/1-1.htm">Parallel Texts</a></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><div class="vheading">Englishman's Concordance</div><b><a href="/text/mark/6-52.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Mark 6:52</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Perfect Participle Middle or Passive - Nominative Feminine Singular">V-RPM/P-NFS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/mark/6.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἡ καρδία <b>πεπωρωμένη</b> </span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/mark/6.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> but their heart <span class="itali">was hardened.</span><br><a href="/kjvs/mark/6.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> heart was <span class="itali">hardened.</span><br><a href="/interlinear/mark/6-52.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> the heart <span class="itali">hardened</span><p><b><a href="/text/mark/8-17.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Mark 8:17</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Perfect Participle Middle or Passive - Accusative Feminine Singular">V-RPM/P-AFS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/mark/8.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">οὐδὲ συνίετε <b>πεπωρωμένην</b> ἔχετε τὴν</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/mark/8.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> Do you have <span class="itali">a hardened</span> heart?<br><a href="/kjvs/mark/8.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> heart yet <span class="itali">hardened?</span><br><a href="/interlinear/mark/8-17.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> nor understand <span class="itali">Hardened</span> have you the<p><b><a href="/text/john/12-40.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">John 12:40</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular">V-AIA-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/john/12.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ὀφθαλμοὺς καὶ <b>ἐπώρωσεν</b> αὐτῶν τὴν</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/john/12.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> THEIR EYES <span class="itali">AND HE HARDENED</span> THEIR HEART,<br><a href="/kjvs/john/12.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> eyes, and <span class="itali">hardened</span> their heart;<br><a href="/interlinear/john/12-40.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> eyes and <span class="itali">has hardened</span> of them the<p><b><a href="/text/romans/11-7.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Romans 11:7</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Plural">V-AIP-3P</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/romans/11.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">δὲ λοιποὶ <b>ἐπωρώθησαν</b> </span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/romans/11.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> it, and the rest <span class="itali">were hardened;</span><br><a href="/kjvs/romans/11.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> and the rest <span class="itali">were blinded</span><br><a href="/interlinear/romans/11-7.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> however [the] rest <span class="itali">were hardened</span><p><b><a href="/text/2_corinthians/3-14.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">2 Corinthians 3:14</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Singular">V-AIP-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/2_corinthians/3.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἀλλὰ <b>ἐπωρώθη</b> τὰ νοήματα</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/2_corinthians/3.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> But their minds <span class="itali">were hardened;</span> for until<br><a href="/kjvs/2_corinthians/3.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> their minds <span class="itali">were blinded:</span> for until<br><a href="/interlinear/2_corinthians/3-14.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> But <span class="itali">were hardened</span> the minds<p><b><a href="/greek/4456.htm">Strong's Greek 4456</a><br><a href="/greek/strongs_4456.htm">5 Occurrences</a></b><br><br><a href="/greek/epo_ro_sen_4456.htm">ἐπώρωσεν — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/epo_ro_the__4456.htm">ἐπωρώθη — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/epo_ro_the_san_4456.htm">ἐπωρώθησαν — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/pepo_ro_mene__4456.htm">πεπωρωμένη — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/pepo_ro_mene_n_4456.htm">πεπωρωμένην — 1 Occ.</a><br><br><br /><br /></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script><br /><br /> </div> <div id="left"><a href="/greek/4455.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="4455"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="4455" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/greek/4457.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="4457"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="4457" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhchap.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>