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(PDF) Islamic Ethics and the Ḥadīth of Intention
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="VccLF-6k3vA1k0dV6yQ8igbmHtLtitpR0vxgsC-0JJZSipx8KbAgc4uybO00UcMCFhDbNVNdVyuI0luOPGJvNw" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Islamic Ethics and the Ḥadīth of Intention" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2023/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Ḥadīth and Ethics through the Lens of Interdisciplinarity (Brill)" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="ali altaf mian" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/93173575/Islamic_Ethics_and_the_%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth_of_Intention" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Islamic Ethics and the Ḥadīth of Intention" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The capacity of the doer to give purpose and meaning to the deed, or intentionality, is a major theoretical and practical concern of Islamic ethics. This chapter illuminates this concern by recourse to a study of the Prophetic report often called the" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/1920480/648950/161968796/s200_ali_altaf.mian.png" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/93173575/Islamic_Ethics_and_the_%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth_of_Intention" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Islamic Ethics and the Ḥadīth of Intention" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The capacity of the doer to give purpose and meaning to the deed, or intentionality, is a major theoretical and practical concern of Islamic ethics. This chapter illuminates this concern by recourse to a study of the Prophetic report often called the" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://florida.academia.edu/alimian" /> <meta name="description" content="The capacity of the doer to give purpose and meaning to the deed, or intentionality, is a major theoretical and practical concern of Islamic ethics. This chapter illuminates this concern by recourse to a study of the Prophetic report often called the" /> <title>(PDF) Islamic Ethics and the Ḥadīth of Intention</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/93173575/Islamic_Ethics_and_the_%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth_of_Intention" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'dc2ad41da5d7ea682babd20f90650302fb0a3a36'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739705696000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739705696000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The capacity of the doer to give purpose and meaning to the deed, or intentionality, is a major theoretical and practical concern of Islamic ethics. This chapter illuminates this concern by recourse to a study of the Prophetic report often called the ḥadīth of intention: “Actions are indeed [evaluated] according to intentions.” I approach this report as an entry point into broader debates on human agency in Islamic ethics. To that end, this chapter pursues the following questions: What is the relationship between intention and action? Does the former cause the latter, or does action construct inner life? How do commonly shared motivations create community and how are such motivations cultivated? Where have Muslim jurists and Sufis converged and diverged in their approaches to intentionality? Are intentions performative (embedded in devotional practices and social transactions) or a matter of the heart (presupposing a self that stands behind bodily actions)?","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"ali altaf mian","url":"https://florida.academia.edu/alimian"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-12-18","dateModified":"2024-11-26","datePublished":"2023-01-01","headline":"Islamic Ethics and the Ḥadīth of Intention","identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"DOI","value":"10.1163/9789004525931_012"},"image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95984365/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Intentionality","Islamic Studies","Hadith Studies","Religious Studies","Hadith","The Hadith"],"publication":"Ḥadīth and Ethics through the Lens of Interdisciplinarity 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{"work":{"id":93173575,"created_at":"2022-12-18T09:28:30.569-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-11-26T14:48:00.301-08:00","_data":{"doi":"10.1163/9789004525931_012","abstract":"The capacity of the doer to give purpose and meaning to the deed, or intentionality, is a major theoretical and practical concern of Islamic ethics. This chapter illuminates this concern by recourse to a study of the Prophetic report often called the ḥadīth of intention: “Actions are indeed [evaluated] according to intentions.” I approach this report as an entry point into broader debates on human agency in Islamic ethics. To that end, this chapter pursues the following questions: What is the relationship between intention and action? Does the former cause the latter, or does action construct inner life? How do commonly shared motivations create community and how are such motivations cultivated? Where have Muslim jurists and Sufis converged and diverged in their approaches to intentionality? Are intentions performative (embedded in devotional practices and social transactions) or a matter of the heart (presupposing a self that stands behind bodily actions)?","ai_title_tag":"Intentionality in Islamic Ethics: Insights from the Ḥadīth","publication_date":"2023,,","publication_name":"Ḥadīth and Ethics through the Lens of Interdisciplinarity (Brill)"},"document_type":"other","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Islamic Ethics and the Ḥadīth of Intention","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [1920480]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":95984365,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Islamic Ethics and the Ḥadīth of Intention”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/95984365/mini_magick20221218-1-g6zsxz.png?1671384547" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Islamic Ethics and the Ḥadīth of Intention</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1920480" href="https://florida.academia.edu/alimian"><img alt="Profile image of ali altaf mian" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1920480/648950/161968796/s65_ali_altaf.mian.png" />ali altaf mian</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2023, Ḥadīth and Ethics through the Lens of Interdisciplinarity (Brill)</p><a class="js-loswp-work-card-doi-link ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004525931_012" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004525931_012</a><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">20 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 93173575; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The capacity of the doer to give purpose and meaning to the deed, or intentionality, is a major theoretical and practical concern of Islamic ethics. This chapter illuminates this concern by recourse to a study of the Prophetic report often called the ḥadīth of intention: “Actions are indeed [evaluated] according to intentions.” I approach this report as an entry point into broader debates on human agency in Islamic ethics. To that end, this chapter pursues the following questions: What is the relationship between intention and action? Does the former cause the latter, or does action construct inner life? How do commonly shared motivations create community and how are such motivations cultivated? Where have Muslim jurists and Sufis converged and diverged in their approaches to intentionality? Are intentions performative (embedded in devotional practices and social transactions) or a matter of the heart (presupposing a self that stands behind bodily actions)?</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":95984365,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/93173575/Islamic_Ethics_and_the_%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth_of_Intention"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":95984365,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/93173575/Islamic_Ethics_and_the_%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth_of_Intention"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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This is due to the fact that it occupies a great and lofty position in the spiritual development of man; the place to which God looks and the storehouse for tawḥīd, faith and sincerity. In actual fact, actions in Islām are distinguished with respect to their excellence in the sight of Allāh in accordance with the condition of the heart. In spite of its lofty position, it was discovered in this paper that Muslims, especially in the contemporary period have lost the understanding of the importance of the role of the heart. Their focus is generally on actions or beliefs with little regards for the intention. It is in the light of the above that this paper attempts to increase Muslims' understanding on the role of the heart in the psychological and development of man, and also to emphasize the relationship that exists between it and intention/actions of man. This has been carried out from the Islāmic perspective using the Qur'ān and sunnah as framework.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The heart and Intention","attachmentId":33712199,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7060408/The_heart_and_Intention","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7060408/The_heart_and_Intention"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="25143874" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25143874/WILL_MAKING_WA%E1%B9%A2IYYAH_IN_ISLAM_A_JURISTIC_EXPOSITION">WILL-MAKING (WAṢIYYAH) IN ISLAM: A JURISTIC EXPOSITION</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48513800" href="https://lasunigeria.academia.edu/TaiwoSalisu">Taiwo Salisu</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40344058" href="https://malaya.academia.edu/JurnalSyariahUM">Jurnal Syariah UM</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Islam is not averse to the acquisition of wealth and property, as it recognizes various legitimate means through which property can be amassed, such as zakāh (alms due), sadaqah (charity), hibah (gift), mirāth (inheritance), and waṣiyyah (bequest). It not only places importance on the even distribution wealth but also urges man to see wealth and property as Allah's trust (amanah). Therefore, He (Allah) directs man on how wealth and property should be evenly distributed. However, a commonality between the concepts of waṣiyyah and mirāth is death. In other words, neither of the two could be viewed or discussed without the latter. However, Muslims the world over, especially the nominal ones, do not want to entertain this reality. This raises questions such as: What is the disposition of Muslims to the concept of will-making? Are Muslims acquainted with the act of writing bequest? Does child favoritism have implications on will-making? Of what essence is bequest in Islam? What differentiates bequest in Islam from other forms of will-making? This paper reacts to the above questions. Thus, the onus of this paper is present an expository account on the concept of waṣiyyah with a view 158 towards ascertaining its place in the practice of Islam on the one hand and demystify the fear that is often associated with it by the adherents of Islam on the other. The method adopted is a descriptive survey while our findings revealed that Allah's Ordinance is supreme and divine, hence, Muslims should neither be apologetic on Allah's instruction concerning will-making nor fail to comply with its underlying instruction.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"WILL-MAKING (WAṢIYYAH) IN ISLAM: A JURISTIC EXPOSITION","attachmentId":45465624,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25143874/WILL_MAKING_WA%E1%B9%A2IYYAH_IN_ISLAM_A_JURISTIC_EXPOSITION","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25143874/WILL_MAKING_WA%E1%B9%A2IYYAH_IN_ISLAM_A_JURISTIC_EXPOSITION"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="69644525" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69644525/The_Role_of_Intention_in_Spirituality_in_Terms_of_Islamic_Texts_and_Positive_oriented_Psychology">The Role of Intention in Spirituality in Terms of Islamic Texts and Positive-oriented Psychology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9152787" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbulfazlGhaffaury">Abulfazl Ghaffaury</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Spirituality and its relation to positive thinking and creating inner peace and satisfaction in humans is one of the most important topics in the field of Islam and psychology. The diversity in motivations and approaches and objectives in evaluating spirituality concept led to different interpretations in its fact and roots and its results. The aim of this study is to determine "the role and impact of intention in the realization of spirituality in Islamic texts and positive-oriented psychology". In this paper, at first we talk about the concept of intention and spirituality and their similarities in two vision and then differences of considered goals in intention and spirituality, their consequences in creating true peace were explained. Later it was determined that first, in comparing intention and spirituality in Islamic texts and positive-oriented psychology, good catches of divine pleasure and happiness of God as the highest and best purpose in absolute perfection defined in Islamic texts and the deepest and most influential components in reaching true peace and unique factor in the flexibility and resiliency of humans. And secondly, positive-oriented psychology in their evolutionary process does not necessarily need to benefit from the substantial knowledge in the field of ontological and anthropological principles. The method of this research is evidence-analysis.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Role of Intention in Spirituality in Terms of Islamic Texts and Positive-oriented Psychology","attachmentId":79660150,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69644525/The_Role_of_Intention_in_Spirituality_in_Terms_of_Islamic_Texts_and_Positive_oriented_Psychology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69644525/The_Role_of_Intention_in_Spirituality_in_Terms_of_Islamic_Texts_and_Positive_oriented_Psychology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="107596750" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/107596750/Intent_in_Islamic_Law_Motive_and_Meaning_in_Medieval_Sunn%C4%AB">Intent in Islamic Law. Motive and Meaning in Medieval Sunnī</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3439991" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/ChristopherMelchert">Christopher Melchert</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Islamic Law and Society, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Intent in Islamic Law. Motive and Meaning in Medieval Sunnī","attachmentId":106221833,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107596750/Intent_in_Islamic_Law_Motive_and_Meaning_in_Medieval_Sunn%C4%AB","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/107596750/Intent_in_Islamic_Law_Motive_and_Meaning_in_Medieval_Sunn%C4%AB"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="30664483" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30664483/Al_Ghaz%C4%81l%C4%AB_on_Intention_Sincerity_and_Truthfulness_Kit%C4%81b_al_niyya_wa_l_ikhl%C4%81%E1%B9%A3_wa_l_%E1%B9%A3idq_Translated_with_introduction_and_notes_by_Anthony_F_Shaker">Al-Ghazālī on Intention, Sincerity and Truthfulness [Kitāb al-niyya wa’l-ikhlāṣ wa’l ṣidq] Translated with introduction and notes by Anthony F. Shaker</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2741195" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnthonyShaker">Anthony F Shaker</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">“How can someone ignorant of the meaning of intention verify his own intention; or how can someone ignorant of the meaning of sincerity verify his own sincerity; or how can someone sincerely claim truthfulness if he has not verified its meaning? In this thirty-seventh chapter of the &quot;Revival of the Religious Sciences,&quot; Abū al-Ḥamīd al-Ghazālī (1058-1111) gives a response to each of these question by expounding the reality and levels of intention, sincerity and truthfulness, their interdependence and those acts which affirm them and those acts which mar them. Ghazālī links sincere and truthful intention with the heart and calls it “the spirit of action.” As in all his writings, Ghazālī bases his arguments on the Qur’ān, the example of the Prophet and the sayings of numerous scholars and Sufis. The &quot;Revival of the Religious Sciences&quot; represents Ghazālī’s biggest effort to vulgarize basic concepts relating to the practice of religion as a life pursuit. It is not his...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Al-Ghazālī on Intention, Sincerity and Truthfulness [Kitāb al-niyya wa’l-ikhlāṣ wa’l ṣidq] Translated with introduction and notes by Anthony F. Shaker","attachmentId":59108689,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30664483/Al_Ghaz%C4%81l%C4%AB_on_Intention_Sincerity_and_Truthfulness_Kit%C4%81b_al_niyya_wa_l_ikhl%C4%81%E1%B9%A3_wa_l_%E1%B9%A3idq_Translated_with_introduction_and_notes_by_Anthony_F_Shaker","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30664483/Al_Ghaz%C4%81l%C4%AB_on_Intention_Sincerity_and_Truthfulness_Kit%C4%81b_al_niyya_wa_l_ikhl%C4%81%E1%B9%A3_wa_l_%E1%B9%A3idq_Translated_with_introduction_and_notes_by_Anthony_F_Shaker"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="36957748" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36957748/Intention_Faith_and_Virtue_in_Shii_Moral_Philosophy">Intention, Faith, and Virtue in Shi'i Moral Philosophy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="802924" href="https://iki.academia.edu/MuhammadLegenhausen">Ḥājj Muhammad Legenhausen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This is a draft of a paper that was later published under the same title in: Moralische Vortrefflichkeit in der pluralen Gesellschaft, eds., I. Nassery and J. Schmidt, Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2016, 113-131.. All references should be made to the published edition. The relation of faith and virtue is explored in the writings of three Shi " i philosophers: Nasīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī, Mulla Sadra, and " Allāmah Ṭabātabā " i. In this tradition faith is associated with knowledge and wisdom through which the right intentions may be formulated that are necessary for virtuous action. From Ṭūsī we learn that true virtue is to be distinguished from pseudo-virtue by the intentions with which actions are performed. For Mulla Sadra, faith is deepened through self-knowledge; and virtue is realized as one traverses the spiritual path discovered with this ever deepening faith to escape the fetters of imitation and natural limitations. In the view of " Allāmah Ṭabātabā " i, Islam offers believers two systems of ethics, one in which virtue is pursued to achieve otherworldly rewards and to avoid divine punishment, and another ethics of spiritual wayfaring that aims at ever higher forms of perfection. The difference between these ethical systems is based on differences in levels of faith.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Intention, Faith, and Virtue in Shi'i Moral Philosophy","attachmentId":56907787,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36957748/Intention_Faith_and_Virtue_in_Shii_Moral_Philosophy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36957748/Intention_Faith_and_Virtue_in_Shii_Moral_Philosophy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="23623093" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23623093/A_Timely_Decision_Towards_a_Philosophical_Model_of_Sincerity_in_Islam">A Timely Decision: Towards a Philosophical Model of Sincerity in Islam</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="103145" href="https://uva.academia.edu/MaryamBabur">Maryam Babur</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this thesis, I bring philosophy and Islam together in an experiment: taking a philosophical approach to Islam from the perspective of Heidegger’s 'Being and Time', and taking an Islamic approach to Heideggerian thought. In the first chapter, I posit my own interpretation of Heidegger’s 'Being and Time' with special attention to Division II and the development of one of its projects: the possibility of the Being-a-whole of Dasein. Here, Heidegger’s positive conception of authenticity in Dasein is characterized as sincere walking-forward openness [eigentlich Vorlaufen, Entschlossenheit] and aligned to a corresponding model of a break in linear time such that authentic sincere Dasein ‘has’ it as Future—Past—Present. I then turn in my second chapter to Islam, attempting to lay the foundations for the extrapolation of Heideggerian thought in Being and Time to an Islamic conception of sincerity as Being-oneself-in-the-face-of-God. After casting basic Islamic concepts in a Heideggerian light, I take Heidegger’s concept of ‘self-constancy’ [Selbständigkeit] as the departure point for an understanding of Islamic ritual practice as (ideally) an existentiell commitment to sincerity, and thereby, to Future first. In the third chapter, the ‘in-the-face-of-God’ is problematized and two characteristics of God’s mercy in Islam, Ar-Rahmaan and Ar-Raheem, are developed in order to address this problematic. I end this thesis by briefly posing questions for further research and discussing the modern political and religious significance of uncertainty in Islam.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Timely Decision: Towards a Philosophical Model of Sincerity in Islam","attachmentId":44036844,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23623093/A_Timely_Decision_Towards_a_Philosophical_Model_of_Sincerity_in_Islam","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23623093/A_Timely_Decision_Towards_a_Philosophical_Model_of_Sincerity_in_Islam"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="82313878" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82313878/Journal_of_Islamic_Thought_and_Civilization_JITC_">Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization (JITC)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="52174643" href="https://karachi.academia.edu/ProfDrZahoorBaber">Prof. Dr. Zahoor H Baber</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The possibility of morality in a causally determined physical world engages philosophers in a serious debate. Many philosophers think that morality is not possible in a world where everything, including human actions, is determined by antecedent causal conditions. However, attempts to reconcile these apparently contradictory views have come forth. What emerges through the debate is that even if all human actions are causally determined, moral commitments are irreplaceable. Therefore, it is argued that causal determination of our thoughts and actions does not change the truth of morality. However, a morality involving determinism seems to rely heavily on the causal efficacy of moral judgments rather than the possibility of a free action. The deterministic morality focuses on human motivation as a cause and ignores the possibility of free choice. Moreover, a deterministic morality is unable to account for the freedom of the will. However, in serious climate of opinion, morality essent...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization (JITC)","attachmentId":88062881,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82313878/Journal_of_Islamic_Thought_and_Civilization_JITC_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82313878/Journal_of_Islamic_Thought_and_Civilization_JITC_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="9230796" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9230796/Human_Agency_in_Islamic_Moral_Reasoning">Human Agency in Islamic Moral Reasoning</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="284714" href="https://indiana.academia.edu/SyifaWidigdo">Syifa Widigdo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Konsep "human agency" pada umumnya dikaitkan kemampuan otonom manusia untuk menentukan pilihan dan tindakannya sendiri, kemampuan manusia untuk memberikan perlawanan terhadap kemapanan, atau ketertundukan diri manusia terhadap suatu otoritas atau aturan tertentu. Dalam konteks tradisi pemikiran hukum Islam, human agency ternyata tidak hanya terdapat dalam bentuk ketertundukan diri terhadap otoritas teks al-Qur'an dan hadis tapi juga ada bentuk-bentuk yang lainnya. Tulisan saya ini berusaha untuk menunjukkan bahwa dalam tradisi uṣūl fiqh terdapat kaidah-kaidah hukum yang memberikan ruang bagi berkembangnya teori human agency tidak hanya berorientasi pada keniscayaan manusia untuk tunduk terhadap otoritas teks keagamaan, tapi juga, konsep human agency yang berbasis pada otonomi dan semangat anti-kamapanan dalam diri manusia . Dengan mengupas konsep-konsep dalam usul fiqih seperti qiyās, istiḥsān, istiṣlāḥ, dan istiṣḥāb, kita akan mengetahui bahwa tindakan etik seseorang dalam Islam tidak semata bersumber dari teks keagamaan tetapi juga berdasarkan pemikiran otonom manusia yang pada ujungnya melahirkan konsep-konsep human agency yang lebih kontekstual, bukan tekstual.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Human Agency in Islamic Moral Reasoning","attachmentId":35503873,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9230796/Human_Agency_in_Islamic_Moral_Reasoning","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9230796/Human_Agency_in_Islamic_Moral_Reasoning"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="15995036" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15995036/Human_Character_and_Behavior_An_Islamic_Perspective">Human Character and Behavior - An Islamic Perspective</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34878278" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MuhammadHafeez22">Dr. Muhammad A Hafeez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Foreword: Islam, like Judaism and Christianity, consists of two dimensions, each of which is represented by an axis. The vertical axis defines what should be man’s relationship to God Almighty, while the horizontal axis defines what should be man’s relationship to the world around him and to his fellow man. In Human Character and Behavior, Dr. Hafeez focuses our attention squarely on the horizontal axis and argues quite passionately that we Muslims have for far too long been giving short shrift to our responsibilities as God’s trustee on earth. Oh, we may think that we are good Muslims by fulfilling our responsibilities on the vertical axis by saying our five daily prayers at their appointed times, by attending the Friday prayer in a mosque, by fasting during Ramadan, etc. However, if we are neglecting our responsibilities and duties on the horizontal axis by failing as God’s trustee on earth to care fully and appropriately for the rest of God’s creation, how can it be said that we are adequately fulfilling our responsibilities to God? Do not our prayers and other acts of worship become empty rituals devoid of spirituality and meaning if we are failing to carry out God’s commands regarding our duties to our fellow human beings and to the rest of God’s creation? How do we cure this malady within our individual selves and within the Muslim community? For Dr. Hafeez, the answer is straightforward: we must develop our human character and behavior to the point that we truly actualize our potential as God’s trustee on earth. This is no easy assignment, for the distractions, temptations, and hardships of this world too frequently divert us from our higher calling as God’s trustee. Far too often, we fall victim to petty racism, nationalism, tribalism, and ethnocentrism. Likewise, our own personal and selfish desires frequently prevent us from truly wanting for our brothers and sisters in humanity what we want for ourselves. Nonetheless, Dr. Hafeez notes that we each have the potential to fulfill our role as God’s trustee. Drawing heavily on the Qur’an and Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), Human Character and Behavior offers us a chance to review our obligations along Islam’s horizontal dimension, as well as a blueprint for how to grow and develop our spiritual selves to the point where we can begin fulfilling those responsibilities. The added benefit is that our growth on the horizontal axis simultaneously enhances our worship of and relationship to God along the vertical dimension. Abu Yahya (Jerald F. Dirks), M.Div., Psy.D. July 2, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Human Character and Behavior - An Islamic Perspective","attachmentId":38943473,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15995036/Human_Character_and_Behavior_An_Islamic_Perspective","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15995036/Human_Character_and_Behavior_An_Islamic_Perspective"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":95984365,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":95984365,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_95984365" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="39796556" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39796556/CALL_FOR_PAPERS_Key_Concepts_in_the_Islamic_Ethical_Tradition_201920190711_28229_1p7oyni">CALL FOR PAPERS Key Concepts in the Islamic Ethical Tradition 201920190711 28229 1p7oyni</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7199322" href="https://qu.academia.edu/AbdulrahmanHelli">Abdulrahman Helli</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"CALL FOR PAPERS Key Concepts in the Islamic Ethical Tradition 201920190711 28229 1p7oyni","attachmentId":59983040,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39796556/CALL_FOR_PAPERS_Key_Concepts_in_the_Islamic_Ethical_Tradition_201920190711_28229_1p7oyni","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39796556/CALL_FOR_PAPERS_Key_Concepts_in_the_Islamic_Ethical_Tradition_201920190711_28229_1p7oyni"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="41247167" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41247167/Free_Will_and_Moral_Responsibility_in_Islamic_Philosophy">Free Will and Moral Responsibility in Islamic Philosophy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="82535823" href="https://urd.academia.edu/ReligiousInquiries">Religious Inquiries</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Religious Inquiries, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Free Will and Moral Responsibility in Islamic Philosophy","attachmentId":61470593,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41247167/Free_Will_and_Moral_Responsibility_in_Islamic_Philosophy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41247167/Free_Will_and_Moral_Responsibility_in_Islamic_Philosophy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="18176350" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18176350/Amyn_B_Sajoo_ed_A_Companion_to_Muslim_Ethics_The_Institute_of_Ismaili_Studies_Muslim_Heritage_Series_204_pp_London_and_New_York_I_B_Tauris_2010_25_ISBN_978_1_84885_595_3">Amyn B. 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