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height: 1.5625em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="ఒక స్వేచ్ఛా విజ్ఞాన సర్వస్వం" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-te.svg" width="119" height="16" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%A3" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="వికీపీడియా లో వెతకండి [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>వెతుకు</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="వికీపీడియా‌లో వెతకండి" aria-label="వికీపీడియా‌లో వెతకండి" autocapitalize="sentences" title="వికీపీడియా లో వెతకండి [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ప్రత్యేక:అన్వేషణ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">వెతుకు</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="వ్యక్తిగత పరికరాలు"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_te.wikipedia.org&uselang=te" class=""><span>విరాళాలు</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81&returnto=%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="మీరొక ఖాతాను సృష్టించుకొని, లాగినవడాన్ని ప్రోత్సహిస్తాం; అయితే, అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు" class=""><span>ఖాతా సృష్టించుకోండి</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82&returnto=%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="మిమ్మల్ని లాగినవమని ప్రోత్సహిస్తున్నాం; కానీ అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>లాగినవండి</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="వ్యక్తిగత పరికరాలు" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">వ్యక్తిగత పరికరాలు</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="వాడుకరి మెనూ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_te.wikipedia.org&uselang=te"><span>విరాళాలు</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81&returnto=%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="మీరొక ఖాతాను సృష్టించుకొని, లాగినవడాన్ని ప్రోత్సహిస్తాం; అయితే, అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ఖాతా సృష్టించుకోండి</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82&returnto=%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="మిమ్మల్ని లాగినవమని ప్రోత్సహిస్తున్నాం; కానీ అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>లాగినవండి</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81-%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ఈ IP అడ్రసు నుండి చేసిన దిద్దుబాట్ల జాబితా [y]" accesskey="y"><span>మార్పుచేర్పులు</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A" title="ఈ ఐపీ చిరునామా నుండి చేసిన మార్పుల గురించి చర్చ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ఈ IP కి సంబంధించిన చర్చ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eఈ నోటీసును తొలగించు\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"te\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Ctable class=\"wikitable\"\u003E\n\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr style=\"align:center; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f1ff81; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Cbig\u003Eవికీ పాఠకులే వికీ రచయితలు!\n\u003C/big\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr style=\"align:center; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #fff1ff; text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\u003Ctd\u003Eవికీలో వ్యాసాలు రాస్తున్నది ఎక్స్పర్టులూ, సబ్జెక్టు నిపుణులూ కాదు. ఇక్కడ సాధారణ పాఠకులే వ్యాసాలు రాస్తారు. అందరూ కలిసి పరస్పర సహకారంతో, సమన్వయంతో పనిచేస్తూ వ్యాసాలను రాస్తారు. వివిధ వనరుల్లోంచి సమాచారాన్ని సేకరించి, ఆ మూలాలను ఉదహరిస్తూ ఆ సమాచారాన్ని వికీలో చేరుస్తారు. మరింత సమాచారం కోసం \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81\" title=\"వికీపీడియా:పరిచయము\"\u003Eవికీపీడియా:పరిచయము\u003C/a\u003E చూడండి. ఈ పనిలో మీరూ భాగం పంచుకోవచ్చు. వికీలో \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%3F\" title=\"వికీపీడియా:అకౌంటు ఎందుకు సృష్టించుకోవాలి?\"\u003Eఖాతా సృష్టించుకోండి\u003C/a\u003E. మీకు ఆసక్తి ఉన్న విషయం గురించిన సమాచారాన్ని రాసి, వికీ అభివృద్ధిలో మీరూ తోడ్పడండి. ఈ విషయంలో సందేహమేమైనా ఉంటే \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82\" title=\"వికీపీడియా:సహాయ కేంద్రం\"\u003Eవికీపీడియా సహాయకేంద్రంలో\u003C/a\u003E అడగండి.\n\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="విషయ సూచిక" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">విషయ సూచిక</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">సైడ్‌బార్‌ లోకి తరలించు</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">దాచు</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ప్రవేశిక</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-లక్షణాలు" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#లక్షణాలు"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>లక్షణాలు</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-లక్షణాలు-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>లక్షణాలు ఉపవర్గాన్ని టాగుల్ చెయ్యి</span> </button> <ul id="toc-లక్షణాలు-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-రసాయన_ధర్మాలు" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#రసాయన_ధర్మాలు"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>రసాయన ధర్మాలు</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-రసాయన_ధర్మాలు-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-భౌతిక" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#భౌతిక"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>భౌతిక</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-భౌతిక-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-లభ్యత" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#లభ్యత"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>లభ్యత</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-లభ్యత-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ఉపయోగాలు" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ఉపయోగాలు"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ఉపయోగాలు</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ఉపయోగాలు-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-జీవ_పాత్ర" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#జీవ_పాత్ర"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>జీవ పాత్ర</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-జీవ_పాత్ర-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>జీవ పాత్ర ఉపవర్గాన్ని టాగుల్ చెయ్యి</span> </button> <ul id="toc-జీవ_పాత్ర-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-విషపూరితం" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#విషపూరితం"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>విషపూరితం</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-విషపూరితం-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-మూలాలు" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#మూలాలు"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>మూలాలు</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-మూలాలు-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="విషయ సూచిక" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">నిక్టోజన్</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 భాషలు</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen – ఇంగ్లీష్" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pnictogen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ఇంగ్లీష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="निक्टोजन – హిందీ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="निक्टोजन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="హిందీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81_15_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="நெடுங்குழு 15 தனிமங்கள் – తమిళము" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நெடுங்குழு 15 தனிமங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="తమిళము" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82" title="നൈട്രജൻ കുടുംബം – మలయాళం" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നൈട്രജൻ കുടുംബം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="మలయాళం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pniktogeen" title="Pniktogeen – ఆఫ్రికాన్స్" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pniktogeen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ఆఫ్రికాన్స్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_d%27o_nitrocheno" title="Grupo d'o nitrocheno – అరగోనిస్" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Grupo d'o nitrocheno" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="అరగోనిస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="مجموعة النتروجين – అరబిక్" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجموعة النتروجين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="అరబిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementos_del_grupu_15" title="Elementos del grupu 15 – ఆస్టూరియన్" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Elementos del grupu 15" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ఆస్టూరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pniktogenl%C9%99r" title="Pniktogenlər – అజర్బైజాని" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pniktogenlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="అజర్బైజాని" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pniktog%C3%A9n" title="Pniktogén – బాలినీస్" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Pniktogén" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="బాలినీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Пніктагены – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пніктагены" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Пниктоген – బల్గేరియన్" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пниктоген" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="బల్గేరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="নিক্টোজেন – బంగ్లా" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিক্টোজেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="బంగ్లా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="15. grupa hemijskih elemenata – బోస్నియన్" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="15. grupa hemijskih elemenata" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="బోస్నియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pnicur" title="Pnicur – కాటలాన్" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pnicur" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="కాటలాన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pniktogeny" title="Pniktogeny – చెక్" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pniktogeny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="చెక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfen_Gr%C5%B5p_15" title="Elfen Grŵp 15 – వెల్ష్" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Elfen Grŵp 15" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="వెల్ష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stickstoffgruppe" title="Stickstoffgruppe – జర్మన్" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stickstoffgruppe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="జర్మన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemento_de_grupo_15" title="Elemento de grupo 15 – ఎస్పెరాంటో" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elemento de grupo 15" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ఎస్పెరాంటో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pnict%C3%B3geno" title="Pnictógeno – స్పానిష్" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pnictógeno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="స్పానిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._taldeko_elementu" title="15. taldeko elementu – బాస్క్యూ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="15. taldeko elementu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="బాస్క్యూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86" title="گروه نیتروژن – పర్షియన్" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گروه نیتروژن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="పర్షియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typpiryhm%C3%A4" title="Typpiryhmä – ఫిన్నిష్" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Typpiryhmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ఫిన్నిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pnictog%C3%A8ne" title="Pnictogène – ఫ్రెంచ్" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pnictogène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ఫ్రెంచ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pniktogeen" title="Pniktogeen – ఉత్తర ఫ్రిసియన్" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pniktogeen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ఉత్తర ఫ్రిసియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1ikova_skupina" title="Dušikova skupina – క్రొయేషియన్" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dušikova skupina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="క్రొయేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrog%C3%A9ncsoport" title="Nitrogéncsoport – హంగేరియన్" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nitrogéncsoport" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="హంగేరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2" title="Ազոտի ենթախումբ – ఆర్మేనియన్" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ազոտի ենթախումբ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ఆర్మేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppo_de_nitrogeno" title="Gruppo de nitrogeno – ఇంటర్లింగ్వా" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gruppo de nitrogeno" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ఇంటర్లింగ్వా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pniktogen" title="Pniktogen – ఇండోనేషియన్" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pniktogen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ఇండోనేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niturflokkur" title="Niturflokkur – ఐస్లాండిక్" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Niturflokkur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ఐస్లాండిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppo_dell%27azoto" title="Gruppo dell'azoto – ఇటాలియన్" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gruppo dell'azoto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ఇటాలియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC15%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第15族元素 – జపనీస్" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第15族元素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="జపనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Азот топшасы – కజఖ్" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Азот топшасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="కజఖ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/15%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="15족 원소 – కొరియన్" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="15족 원소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="కొరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupp_de_l%27az%C3%B2t" title="Grupp de l'azòt – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Grupp de l'azòt" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Пниктоген – మాసిడోనియన్" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пниктоген" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="మాసిడోనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumpulan_nitrogen" title="Kumpulan nitrogen – మలయ్" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kumpulan nitrogen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="మలయ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Азотонь алокурось – ఎర్జియా" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Азотонь алокурось" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ఎర్జియా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheemsch_Elementen_vun_de_15._Grupp" title="Cheemsch Elementen vun de 15. Grupp – లో జర్మన్" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Cheemsch Elementen vun de 15. Grupp" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="లో జర్మన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stikstofgroep" title="Stikstofgroep – డచ్" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stikstofgroep" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="డచ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppe_15" title="Gruppe 15 – నార్వేజియాన్ న్యోర్స్క్" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gruppe 15" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="నార్వేజియాన్ న్యోర్స్క్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pnictog%C3%A8n" title="Pnictogèn – ఆక్సిటన్" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pnictogèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ఆక్సిటన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AA_15_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4" title="ਗਰੁੱਪ 15 ਤੱਤ – పంజాబీ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਰੁੱਪ 15 ਤੱਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="పంజాబీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azotowce" title="Azotowce – పోలిష్" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Azotowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="పోలిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_do_nitrog%C3%AAnio" title="Grupo do nitrogênio – పోర్చుగీస్" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grupo do nitrogênio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="పోర్చుగీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen – రోమేనియన్" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pnictogen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="రోమేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Подгруппа азота – రష్యన్" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Подгруппа азота" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="రష్యన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="15. grupa hemijskih elemenata – సేర్బో-క్రొయేషియన్" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="15. grupa hemijskih elemenata" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="సేర్బో-క్రొయేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pnictogen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentely" title="Pentely – స్లోవక్" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pentely" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="స్లోవక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pniktogeni" title="Pniktogeni – స్లోవేనియన్" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pniktogeni" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="స్లోవేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biniktojiin" title="Biniktojiin – సోమాలి" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Biniktojiin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="సోమాలి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupi_i_pes%C3%ABmb%C3%ABdhjet%C3%AB_i_elementeve_kimike" title="Grupi i pesëmbëdhjetë i elementeve kimike – అల్బేనియన్" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Grupi i pesëmbëdhjetë i elementeve kimike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="అల్బేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="15. група хемијских елемената – సెర్బియన్" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="15. група хемијских елемената" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="సెర్బియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kv%C3%A4vegruppen" title="Kvävegruppen – స్వీడిష్" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kvävegruppen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="స్వీడిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="นิกโทเจน – థాయ్" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิกโทเจน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="థాయ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azot_grubu" title="Azot grubu – టర్కిష్" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Azot grubu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="టర్కిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Пніктогени – ఉక్రెయినియన్" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пніктогени" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ఉక్రెయినియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nit%C6%A1" title="Nhóm nitơ – వియత్నామీస్" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhóm nitơ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="వియత్నామీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氮族元素 – వు చైనీస్" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="氮族元素" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="వు చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氮族元素 – చైనీస్" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氮族元素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="చైనీస్" 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style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Krypton</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubidium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Rubidium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Strontium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Yttrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Zirconium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" class="mw-redirect" title="Niobium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Niobium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Molybdenum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Technetium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium"><span 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style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Neodymium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" class="mw-redirect" title="Promethium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Promethium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Samarium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Europium" class="mw-redirect" title="Europium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Europium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadolinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Gadolinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Terbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Terbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysprosium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Dysprosium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Holmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Holmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Erbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Erbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thulium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Thulium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ytterbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Lutetium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Hafnium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantalum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Tantalum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Tungsten</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Rhenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Osmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" class="mw-redirect" title="Iridium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Iridium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Platinum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Gold</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Mercury (element)</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Thallium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Lead</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Bismuth</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Polonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Polonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Astatine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Radon" class="mw-redirect" title="Radon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Radon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Francium" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Francium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Radium" class="mw-redirect" title="Radium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Radium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Actinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Thorium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Protactinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Uranium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptunium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Neptunium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Plutonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Americium" class="mw-redirect" title="Americium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Americium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Curium" class="mw-redirect" title="Curium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Curium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkelium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Berkelium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Californium" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Californium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Einsteinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Einsteinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Fermium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelevium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Mendelevium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Nobelium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Lawrencium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Rutherfordium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Dubnium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaborgium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Seaborgium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Bohrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Hassium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitnerium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Meitnerium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" class="mw-redirect" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Darmstadtium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Roentgenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Roentgenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Copernicium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ununtrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununtrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ununtrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Flerovium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Flerovium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ununpentium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununpentium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ununpentium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Livermorium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Livermorium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ununseptium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununseptium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ununseptium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ununoctium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununoctium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ununoctium</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="nowrap" style="font-size:88%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D" title="కార్బన్ గ్రూప్">కార్బన్ గ్రూప్</a> ← <span style="width:8px; border:1px solid black" title="">  </span> → <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="చాల్కోజన్">చాల్కోజన్లు</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:left; margin=0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" class="mw-redirect" title="Group (periodic table)">IUPAC group number</a></th> <th>15 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Name by element</td> <td><span class="nowrap">నైట్రోజన్ గ్రూప్</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trivial name</td> <td>నొక్టోజన్లు </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)#CAS_and_old_IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="Group (periodic table)">CAS group number</a><br /><small>(US, pattern A-B-A)</small></div></td> <td>VA </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)#CAS_and_old_IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="Group (periodic table)">old IUPAC number</a><br /><small>(Europe, pattern A-B)</small></div></td> <td>VB </td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">↓ <small><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_(%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95)" title="పీరియడ్ (ఆవర్తన పట్టిక)">పీరియడ్</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_2_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="పీరియడ్ 2 మూలకం">2</a> </th> <td title="Nitrogen: diatomic nonmetal; primordial; gas" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; width:210px; background:#f0f0f0; border:2px solid #6e6e8e; ;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Liquidnitrogen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Liquid nitrogen being poured"><img alt="Image: Liquid nitrogen being poured" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Liquidnitrogen.jpg/210px-Liquidnitrogen.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Liquidnitrogen.jpg/315px-Liquidnitrogen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Liquidnitrogen.jpg/420px-Liquidnitrogen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="2248" /></a></span></div><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> (N)<br /><span style="color:#000000;">7</span> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diatomic_nonmetal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diatomic nonmetal (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Diatomic nonmetal</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_3_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="పీరియడ్ 3 మూలకం">3</a> </th> <td title="Phosphorus: polyatomic nonmetal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; width:210px; background:#f0f0f0; border:2px solid #6e6e8e; ;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:PhosphComby.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Some allotropes of phosphorus"><img alt="Image: Some allotropes of phosphorus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/PhosphComby.jpg/210px-PhosphComby.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/PhosphComby.jpg/315px-PhosphComby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/PhosphComby.jpg/420px-PhosphComby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="253" /></a></span></div><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a> (P)<br /><span style="color:#000000;">15</span> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyatomic_nonmetal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polyatomic nonmetal (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Polyatomic nonmetal</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_4_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="పీరియడ్ 4 మూలకం">4</a> </th> <td title="Arsenic: metalloid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; width:210px; background:#f0f0f0; border:2px solid #6e6e8e; ;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Arsen_1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arsenic in metallic form"><img alt="Image: Arsenic in metallic form" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Arsen_1a.jpg/210px-Arsen_1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Arsen_1a.jpg/315px-Arsen_1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Arsen_1a.jpg/420px-Arsen_1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="255" /></a></span></div><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenic">Arsenic</a> (As)<br /><span style="color:#000000;">33</span> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metalloid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metalloid (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Metalloid</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_5_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="పీరియడ్ 5 మూలకం">5</a> </th> <td title="Antimony: metalloid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; width:210px; background:#f0f0f0; border:2px solid #6e6e8e; ;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Antimony-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Antimony crystals"><img alt="Image: Antimony crystals" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Antimony-4.jpg/210px-Antimony-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Antimony-4.jpg/315px-Antimony-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Antimony-4.jpg/420px-Antimony-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div><a href="/wiki/Antimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony">Antimony</a> (Sb)<br /><span style="color:#000000;">51</span> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metalloid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metalloid (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Metalloid</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_6_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="పీరియడ్ 6 మూలకం">6</a> </th> <td title="Bismuth: post-transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; width:210px; background:#f0f0f0; border:2px solid #6e6e8e; ;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Bismuth_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bismuth crystals stripped of the oxide layer"><img alt="Image: Bismuth crystals stripped of the oxide layer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Bismuth_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/210px-Bismuth_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Bismuth_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/315px-Bismuth_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Bismuth_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/420px-Bismuth_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4832" data-file-height="3260" /></a></span></div><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> (Bi)<br /><span style="color:#000000;">83</span> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-transition_metal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Post-transition metal (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Post-transition metal</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_7_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="పీరియడ్ 7 మూలకం">7</a> </th> <td title="Ununpentium: unknown chemical properties" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; width:210px; background:#f0f0f0; border:2px dotted #6e6e8e; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ununpentium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununpentium">Ununpentium</a> (Uup)<br /><span style="color:#000000;">115</span> <small>unknown chemical properties</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /> <i>Legend</i><center> <table style="text-align:center; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:2px solid #6e6e8e; background:#f0f0f0; padding:0 2px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primordial_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primordial element (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">primordial element</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:2px dotted #6e6e8e; background:#f0f0f0; padding:0 2px;"><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic element">synthetic element</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Atomic number color:<br /><span style="color:#000000;">red=gas</span>, <span style="color:#000000;">black=solid</span> </td></tr></tbody></table></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#f0f0f0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3795437">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Periodic_table_(pnictogens)" title="మూస:Periodic table (pnictogens)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A:Periodic_table_(pnictogens)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="మూస చర్చ:Periodic table (pnictogens) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:EditPage/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Periodic_table_(pnictogens)" title="ప్రత్యేక:EditPage/మూస:Periodic table (pnictogens)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>నిక్టోజన్</b> అనేది <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95" title="ఆవర్తన పట్టిక">ఆవర్తన పట్టికలో</a> గ్రూప్ 15 లోని <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="మూలకము">రసాయన మూలకాలు</a>. <b>గ్రూప్ 15</b> ని <b>నైట్రోజన్ గ్రూప్</b> లేదా <b>నైట్రోజన్ కుటుంబం</b> అని కూడా అంటారు. ఇందులో <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF" title="నత్రజని">నైట్రోజన్</a> (N), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="భాస్వరం">ఫాస్పరస్</a> (P), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆర్సెనిక్">ఆర్సెనిక్</a> (As), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF" title="ఆంటిమొని">యాంటిమోనీ</a> (Sb), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D" title="బిస్మత్">బిస్మత్</a> (Bi) లు ఉన్నాయి. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="సింథటిక్ మూలకం">సింథటిక్ మూలకమైన</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="మాస్కోవియం">మాస్కోవియం</a> (Mc) కూడా నిక్టోజనే అని అంచనా వేసారు. </p><p>1988 నుండి, IUPAC దీనిని <b>గ్రూప్ 15</b> అని అంటోంది. అంతకు ముందు, HC డెమింగ్, సార్జెంట్-వెల్చ్ సైంటిఫిక్ కంపెనీల టెక్స్ట్ కారణంగా అమెరికాలో దీనిని <b>గ్రూప్ V<small>A</small></b> అని పిలిచేవారు. ఐరోపాలో దీనిని <b>గ్రూప్ V<small>B</small></b> అని అనేవారు. 1970లో IUPAC కూడా దీన్నే సిఫార్సు చేసింది <sup id="cite_ref-Fluck1988_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fluck1988-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ("గ్రూప్ ఫైవ్ A", "గ్రూప్ ఫైవ్ B" అని ఉచ్ఛరిస్తారు; "V" అనేది రోమన్ సంఖ్య 5). <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="అర్ధవాహకం">సెమీకండక్టర్</a> ఫిజిక్స్‌లో, దీనిని ఇప్పటికీ <b>గ్రూప్ V</b> అనే అంటారు. <sup id="cite_ref-Adachi2005_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adachi2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఈ పేర్లలో "ఐదు" ("V") అనేది నైట్రోజన్ యొక్క " <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82" title="బాహుబలం">పెంటావాలెన్సీ</a> " నుండి వచ్చింది. వాటిని <b>పెంటెల్స్</b> అని కూడా అంటారు. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="లక్షణాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.95.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B7.E0.B0.A3.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>లక్షణాలు</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=1" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: లక్షణాలు"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="రసాయన_ధర్మాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.B8.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.A8_.E0.B0.A7.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>రసాయన ధర్మాలు</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=2" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: రసాయన ధర్మాలు"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ఇతర గ్రూపుల మాదిరిగానే, ఈ కుటుంబంలోని మూలకాల ఎలక్ట్రాన్ కాన్ఫిగరేషన్‌లో, ముఖ్యంగా బయటి షెల్‌లలో, సారూప్య ధోరణులుంటాయి. దానితో రసాయన ప్రవర్తనలో ధోరణులు ఏర్పడతాయి. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A3%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%96%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF" title="పరమాణు సంఖ్య">Z</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="మూలకము">మూలకం</a> </th> <th>ప్రతి షెల్‌కు ఎలక్ట్రాన్‌లు </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right">7 </td> <td>నైట్రోజన్ </td> <td>2, 5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">15 </td> <td>భాస్వరం </td> <td>2, 8, 5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">33 </td> <td>ఆర్సెనిక్ </td> <td>2, 8, 18, 5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">51 </td> <td>యాంటీమోనీ </td> <td>2, 8, 18, 18, 5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">83 </td> <td>బిస్మత్ </td> <td>2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">115 </td> <td>మాస్కోవియం </td> <td>2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 5<div style="font-size:60%"> (ఊహాత్మకం) </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>ఈ గుంపు లోని అన్ని మూలకాలకు వాటి బయటి షెల్‌లో 5 ఎలక్ట్రాన్‌లు ఉంటాయి, అంటే s సబ్‌షెల్‌లో 2 ఎలక్ట్రాన్లు, p సబ్‌షెల్‌లో 3 జత కాని ఎలక్ట్రాన్లు ఉంటాయి. అంటే <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="అయాన్">అయనీకరణం</a> కాని స్థితిలో వాటి బయటి ఎలక్ట్రాన్ షెల్‌ను పూరించడానికి 3 తక్కువ. </p><p>ఈ గ్రూపులో జీవులకు అత్యంత ముఖ్యమైన మూలకాల్లో <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF" title="నత్రజని">నైట్రోజన్</a> (N) ఒకటి. ఇది డైఅటామిక్ రూపంలో గాలిలో ప్రధాన భాగం. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="భాస్వరం">ఫాస్ఫరస్</a> (P) కూడా నత్రజని వలె, అన్ని రకాల జీవులకు అవసరం. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="భౌతిక"><span id=".E0.B0.AD.E0.B1.8C.E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.95"></span>భౌతిక</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=3" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: భౌతిక"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>నిక్టోజన్లలో రెండు అలోహాలు (ఒక వాయువు, ఒక ఘన), రెండు అర్ధలోహాలు, ఒక <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="లోహాలు">లోహం</a> లతో పాటు రసాయన లక్షణాలు తెలియని ఒక మూలకం ఉన్నాయి. గ్రూపులోని అన్ని మూలకాలు గది ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%98%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%82" title="ఘన పదార్థం">ఘనపదార్థాలే</a>, ఒక్క నత్రజని తప్ప. ఇది గది ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద వాయురూపంలో ఉంటుంది. నైట్రోజన్ బిస్మత్, రెండూ ప్నిక్టోజెన్‌లు అయినప్పటికీ, వాటి భౌతిక లక్షణాలలో చాలా భిన్నంగా ఉంటాయి. ఉదాహరణకు, STP వద్ద నైట్రోజన్ పారదర్శక అలోహ వాయువు కాగా, బిస్మత్ వెండి-లాంటి తెలుపు రంగులో ఉండే లోహం. <sup id="cite_ref-The_Elements10_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Elements10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>నిక్టోజన్ల <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4" title="సాంద్రత">సాంద్రతలు</a> భారీ మూలకాలకు వెళ్ళేకొద్దీ పెరుగుతాయి. STP వద్ద నైట్రోజన్ సాంద్రత 0.001251 g/cm <sup>3</sup> . STP వద్ద భాస్వరం సాంద్రత 1.82 g/cm <sup>3</sup>, ఆర్సెనిక్ సాంద్రత 5.72 g/cm <sup>3</sup>, యాంటీమోనీ 6.68 g/cm<sup>3, </sup> బిస్మత్ 9.79 g/cm <sup>3</sup> . <sup id="cite_ref-Periodic_Table_Advanced_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Periodic_Table_Advanced-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>నత్రజని <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="ద్రవీభవన స్థానం">ద్రవీభవన స్థానం</a> −210 °C, మరిగే స్థానం −196 °C. భాస్వరం ద్రవీభవన స్థానం 44 °C, మరిగే స్థానం 280 °C. ఆవర్తన పట్టిక లోని మొత్తం మూలకాలన్నిటిలో ప్రామాణిక పీడనం వద్ద <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="ఉత్పతనము">ఉత్పతనమయ్యే</a> రెండే మూలకాలలో ఆర్సెనిక్ ఒకటి; ఇది 603°C వద్ద ఉత్పతనం చెందుతుంది. ఆంటిమోనీ ద్రవీభవన స్థానం 631 °C, దాని మరిగే స్థానం 1587 °C. బిస్మత్ ద్రవీభవన స్థానం 271 °C, మరిగే స్థానం 1564 °C. <sup id="cite_ref-Periodic_Table_Advanced_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Periodic_Table_Advanced-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="లభ్యత"><span id=".E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.AD.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.A4"></span>లభ్యత</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=4" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: లభ్యత"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>భూమి పై పెంకులో నత్రజని మిలియన్‌కు 25 భాగాలు, మట్టిలో సగటున ఒక మిలియనుకు 5 భాగాలు, ట్రిలియన్ సముద్రపు నీటిలో 100 నుండి 500 భాగాలు, పొడి గాలిలో 78% ఉంటుంది. భూమిపై నత్రజనిలో ఎక్కువ భాగం నైట్రోజన్ వాయువు రూపంలో ఉంటుంది, అయితే కొన్ని నైట్రేట్ ఖనిజాలు ఉన్నాయి. సాధారణ మానవునిలో నత్రజని, బరువు ప్రకారం 2.5% ఉంటుంది. <sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>భాస్వరం భూమి పైపెంకులో 0.1% ఉంటుంది, ఇది అక్కడ 11వ అత్యంత సమృద్ధిగా ఉండే మూలకం . మట్టిలో ఫాస్ఫరస్ ఒక మిలియనుకు 0.65 భాగాలు, సముద్రపు నీటిలో 15 నుండి 60 భాగాలు ఉంటుంది. భూమిపై 200 <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81" title="టన్ను">Mt</a> ఫాస్ఫేట్లు అందుబాటులో ఉన్నాయి. సాధారణ మానవునిలో భాస్వరం, బరువు ప్రకారం 1.1% ఉంటుంది. <sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఫాస్ఫేట్ శిలలలో ప్రధాన భాగమైన అపాటైట్ కుటుంబానికి చెందిన ఖనిజాలలో భాస్వరం ఏర్పడుతుంది. </p><p>ఆర్సెనిక్ భూమి పైపెంకులో మిలియన్‌కు 1.5 భాగాలు ఉంటుంది. ఇది అక్కడ అత్యంత సమృద్ధిగా ఉండే మూలకాల్లో 53వది. నేలలో ప్రతి ఆర్సెనిక్‌, మిలియనుకు 1 నుండి 10 భాగాలు ఉంటుంది. సముద్రపు నీటిలో బిలియనుకు 1.6 భాగాలు ఉంటుంది. సాధారణ మానవునిలో ఆర్సెనిక్, బరువు ద్వారా బిలియన్‌కు 100 భాగాలు ఉంటుంది. కొంత ఆర్సెనిక్ మూలక రూపంలో ఉంటుంది. ఆర్సెనిక్ చాలావరకు, ఆర్పిమెంట్, రియల్గర్, ఆర్సెనోపైరైట్, ఎనార్జైట్‌ ఖనిజాలలో ఉంటుంది. <sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>యాంటిమోనీ భూమి పెంకులో మిలియన్‌కు 0.2 భాగాలు ఉంటుంది. ఇది అక్కడ 63వ అత్యంత సమృద్ధిగా ఉండే మూలకం. నేలల్లో సగటున మిలియన్‌కు 1 భాగం, సముద్రపు నీటిలో సగటున ట్రిలియన్‌కి 300 భాగాలు ఉంటుంది. ఒక సాధారణ మానవునిలో యాంటిమోనీ, బరువు ప్రకారం ప్రతి బిలియనుకు 28 భాగాలు ఉంటుంది. వెండి నిక్షేపాలలో కొంత యాంటీమోనీ మూలకం ఉంటుంది. <sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>బిస్మత్ భూమి పెంకులో బిలియన్‌కు 48 భాగాలు ఉంటుంది. ఇది అక్కడ 70వ అత్యంత సమృద్ధిగా ఉండే మూలకం. నేలల్లో బిస్మత్‌ మిలియన్‌కు 0.25 భాగాలు, సముద్రపు నీటిలో ట్రిలియనుకు 400 భాగాలు ఉంటుంది. బిస్మత్ సాధారణంగా బిస్మతినైట్‌గా ఖనిజ రూపంలో సంభవిస్తుంది. అయితే ఇది మూలక రూపంలో లేదా సల్ఫైడ్ ఖనిజాలలో కూడా సంభవిస్తుంది. <sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>మాస్కోవియాన్ని పార్టికల్ యాక్సిలరేటర్లలో ఒకేసారి అనేక అణువులను ఉత్పత్తి అవుతుంది. <sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ఉపయోగాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.89.E0.B0.AA.E0.B0.AF.E0.B1.8B.E0.B0.97.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>ఉపయోగాలు</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=5" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ఉపయోగాలు"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>లిక్విడ్ నైట్రోజన్ సాధారణంగా ఉపయోగించే క్రయోజెనిక్ ద్రవం. <sup id="cite_ref-The_Elements10_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Elements10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="అమ్మోనియా">అమ్మోనియా</a> రూపంలో నత్రజని చాలా మొక్కల మనుగడకు కీలకమైన పోషకం. <sup id="cite_ref-The_Elements10_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Elements10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అమ్మోనియా సంశ్లేషణ ప్రపంచంలోని శక్తి వినియోగంలో 1-2%, ఆహారంలో ఎక్కువ భాగం.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2" title="అగ్గిపుల్ల">అగ్గిపెట్టెలు</a>, దహన బాంబులలో భాస్వరాన్ని ఉపయోగిస్తారు. <sup id="cite_ref-The_Elements10_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Elements10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81" title="ఎరువు">ఫాస్ఫేట్ ఎరువులు</a> ప్రపంచంలో విస్తారంగా వాడతారు <sup id="cite_ref-The_Elements10_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Elements10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ఆర్సెనిక్ చారిత్రికంగా పారిస్ గ్రీన్ పిగ్మెంట్‌గా ఉపయోగించేవారు. అయితే దాని విపరీతమైన విషపూరితం కారణంగా ఇప్పుడు వాడడం లేదు. <sup id="cite_ref-The_Elements10_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Elements10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ఆర్గానోఆర్సెనిక్ సమ్మేళనాల రూపంలో ఆర్సెనిక్ కొన్నిసార్లు చికెన్ ఫీడ్‌లో ఉపయోగిస్తారు. <sup id="cite_ref-The_Elements10_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Elements10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>కొన్ని బుల్లెట్‌లను ఉత్పత్తి చేయడానికి యాంటీమోనీ సీసంతో కలిపి ఉంటుంది. <sup id="cite_ref-The_Elements3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Elements3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ఆంటిమోనీ కరెన్సీని 1930లలో చైనాలోని కొన్ని ప్రాంతాల్లో కొంత కాలం పాటు ఉపయోగించారు, అయితే యాంటిమోనీ మృదువైనది. విషపూరితమైనది కాబట్టి ఈ ఉపయోగాన్ని ఆపేసారు. <sup id="cite_ref-The_Disappearing_Spoon4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Disappearing_Spoon4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>పెప్టో-బిస్మోల్‌లో బిస్మత్ సబ్‌సాలిసైలేట్ క్రియాశీల పదార్ధం. <sup id="cite_ref-The_Elements10_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Elements10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>క్యాన్సర్ రోగులలో రేడియేషన్ థెరపీని మెరుగుపరచడ కోసం ఎలుకలలో బిస్మత్ చాల్కోజెనైడ్స్ ప్రభావాలను అధ్యయనం చేస్తున్నారు. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="జీవ_పాత్ర"><span id=".E0.B0.9C.E0.B1.80.E0.B0.B5_.E0.B0.AA.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.A4.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B0"></span>జీవ పాత్ర</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=6" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: జీవ పాత్ర"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>నత్రజని అనేది భూమిపై జీవానికి కీలకమైన <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82" title="డీఆక్సీరైబో కేంద్రక ఆమ్లం">DNA</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ఎమైనో ఆమ్లాలు">అమైనో ఆమ్లాలు</a> వంటి అణువులలో భాగం. మొక్క నోడ్స్‌లో ఉండే బ్యాక్టీరియా కారణంగా కొన్ని మొక్కలలో నైట్రేట్‌లు ఏర్పడతాయి. పెసల వంటి పప్పుధాన్యాల మొక్కలలో, బచ్చలికూర, పాలకూరల్లో ఇది కనిపిస్తుంది.  సాధారణ, 70 <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="కిలోగ్రాము">కిలోల</a> మానవునిలో 1.8 కిలోల నైట్రోజన్ ఉంటుంది. <sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ఫాస్ఫేట్ల రూపంలో భాస్వరం DNA, ATP వంటి జీవితానికి ముఖ్యమైన సమ్మేళనాలలో ఉంటుంది. మానవులు రోజుకు సుమారుగా 1 గ్రా భాస్వరం తీసుకుంటారు. <sup id="cite_ref-NLM002424_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NLM002424-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> చేపలు, కాలేయం, టర్కీ, చికెన్, గుడ్లు వంటి ఆహారాలలో భాస్వరం కనిపిస్తుంది. ఫాస్ఫేట్ లోపం అనేది హైపోఫాస్ఫేటిమియా అని పిలువబడే సమస్య. సాధారణంగా 70 కిలోల మానవునిలో 480 గ్రా భాస్వరం ఉంటుంది. <sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ఆర్సెనిక్ కోళ్లు, ఎలుకలలో పెరుగుదలకు దోహదపడుతుంది. తక్కువ పరిమాణంలో మానవులకు అవసరం కావచ్చు. అమైనో ఆమ్లం అర్జినైన్‌ను జీవక్రియ చేయడంలో ఆర్సెనిక్ సహాయకరంగా ఉంటుంది. సాధారణంగా 70 కిలోల మనిషిలో 7 mg ఆర్సెనిక్ ఉంటుంది. <sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ఆంటిమోనీకి జీవసంబంధమైన పాత్ర ఉన్నట్లు తెలియదు. మొక్కలు యాంటిమోనీని అతి స్వల్ప మొత్తాలలో మాత్రమే తీసుకుంటాయి. సాధారణ 70 కిలోల మానవునిలో సుమారుగా 2 mg యాంటిమోనీ ఉంటుంది. <sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="విషపూరితం"><span id=".E0.B0.B5.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.B7.E0.B0.AA.E0.B1.82.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.82"></span>విషపూరితం</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=7" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: విషపూరితం"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>నత్రజని వాయువు విషపూరితం కాదు, కానీ స్వచ్ఛమైన నైట్రోజన్ వాయువును పీల్చడం ప్రాణాంతకం, ఎందుకంటే ఇది నత్రజని అస్ఫిక్సియేషన్‌కు కారణమవుతుంది. <sup id="cite_ref-The_Disappearing_Spoon3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Disappearing_Spoon3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> రక్తంలో నత్రజని బుడగలు ఏర్పడటం, స్కూబా డైవింగ్ సమయంలో సంభవించేవి, "బెండ్స్" ( డికంప్రెషన్ సిక్‌నెస్ ) అనే పరిస్థితిని కలిగిస్తాయి. హైడ్రోజన్ సైనైడ్, నైట్రోజన్ ఆధారిత పేలుడు పదార్థాలు వంటి అనేక నైట్రోజన్ సమ్మేళనాలు కూడా అత్యంత ప్రమాదకరమైనవి. <sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>భాస్వరం <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A4" title="భిన్నరూపత">అలోట్రోప్</a> అయిన తెల్ల భాస్వరం విషపూరితమైనది. ఒక కిలో శరీర బరువుకు 1 mg ప్రాణాంతకమైన మోతాదు. తెల్ల భాస్వరం సాధారణంగా <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="కాలేయం">కాలేయంపై</a> దాడి చేయడం ద్వారా శరీరంలోకి ప్రవేశించిన వారంలోపు మరణానికి కారణమౌతుంది. భాస్వరం వాయువును పీల్చడం వల్ల "ఫాస్సీ దవడ " అనే పారిశ్రామిక వ్యాధి వస్తుంది, ఇది దవడ ఎముకను తినేస్తుంది. తెల్ల భాస్వరం చాలా మండుతుంది. కొన్ని ఆర్గానోఫాస్ఫరస్ సమ్మేళనాలు మానవ శరీరంలోని కొన్ని <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="ఎంజైము">ఎంజైమ్‌లను</a> నిరోధించి ప్రాణాపాయం కలిగించగలవు. <sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ఆర్సెనిక్ మూలకం విషపూరితమైనది. దానిలో అనేక అకర్బన సమ్మేళనాలు ఉన్నాయి; అయితే దానిలోని కొన్ని సేంద్రీయ సమ్మేళనాలు కోళ్లలో పెరుగుదలను ప్రోత్సహిస్తాయి. మానవులకు ఆర్సెనిక్ ప్రాణాంతకమైన మోతాదు 200 mg. ఇది అతిసారం, వాంతులు, కడుపు నొప్పి, నిర్జలీకరణం, కోమాకు కారణమవుతుంది. ఆర్సెనిక్ విషం వలమ్న ఒక రోజులో మరణం సంభవిస్తుంది. <sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ఆంటిమోనీ స్వల్పంగా విషపూరితమైనది. <sup id="cite_ref-The_Disappearing_Spoon2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Disappearing_Spoon2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యాంటీమోనీ కంటైనర్‌లలో నింపిన వైన్ వాంతతులు కలగజేస్తుంది. పెద్ద మోతాదులో తీసుకున్నప్పుడు, యాంటిమోనీ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="వాంతి">వాంతికి</a> కారణమవుతుంది. ముందు కోలుకున్నట్లు కనిపించినా, కొన్ని రోజులకు మరణం సంభవిస్తుంది. ఆంటిమోనీ కొన్ని ఎంజైమ్‌లకు అంటుకుంటుంది. దాన్ని తొలగించడం కష్టం. స్టిబిన్, (SbH<sub>3</sub>) స్వచ్ఛమైన యాంటీమోనీ కంటే చాలా విషపూరితమైనది. <sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>బిస్మత్ అంతగా విషపూరితం కానప్పటికీ దీనిని ఎక్కువగా తీసుకోవడం వల్ల కాలేయం దెబ్బతింటుంది. బిస్మత్ పాయిజనింగ్ వల్ల ఒక్క వ్యక్తి మాత్రమే మరణించినట్లు ఇప్పటి వరకు రికార్డై ఉంది. <sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అయితే, కరిగే బిస్మత్ లవణాల వినియోగం వలన చిగుళ్ళు నల్లబడతాయి. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="మూలాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.82.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>మూలాలు</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=8" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: మూలాలు"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4300226">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fluck1988-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fluck1988_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">. "<i>New notations in the periodic table</i>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adachi2005-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Adachi2005_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4342780">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAdachi2005" class="citation book cs1">Adachi, S., ed. (2005). <i>Properties of Group-IV, III-V and II-VI Semiconductors</i>. Wiley Series in Materials for Electronic & Optoelectronic Applications. Vol. 15. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005pgii.book.....A">2005pgii.book.....A</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/978-0470090329" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/978-0470090329"><bdi>978-0470090329</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Properties+of+Group-IV%2C+III-V+and+II-VI+Semiconductors&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+New+Jersey&rft.series=Wiley+Series+in+Materials+for+Electronic+%26+Optoelectronic+Applications&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005pgii.book.....A&rft.isbn=978-0470090329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Elements10-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-The_Elements10_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-The_Elements10_3-1">3.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-The_Elements10_3-2">3.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-The_Elements10_3-3">3.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-The_Elements10_3-4">3.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-The_Elements10_3-5">3.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-The_Elements10_3-6">3.6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-The_Elements10_3-7">3.7</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFGray2010" class="citation book cs1">Gray, Theodore (2010). <i>The Elements</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Elements&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Periodic_Table_Advanced-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Periodic_Table_Advanced_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Periodic_Table_Advanced_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2001" class="citation cs2">Jackson, Mark (2001), <i>Periodic Table Advanced</i>, BarCharts Publishing, Incorporated, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1572225424" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1572225424"><bdi>1572225424</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Periodic+Table+Advanced&rft.pub=BarCharts+Publishing%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1572225424&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-0">5.00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-1">5.01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-2">5.02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-3">5.03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-4">5.04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-5">5.05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-6">5.06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-7">5.07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-8">5.08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-9">5.09</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-10">5.10</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-11">5.11</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-12">5.12</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-13">5.13</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-14">5.14</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFEmsley2011" class="citation cs2">Emsley, John (2011), <i>Nature's Building Blocks</i>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/978-0-19-960563-7" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/978-0-19-960563-7"><bdi>978-0-19-960563-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-960563-7&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Elements3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Elements3_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFGray2010" class="citation book cs1">Gray, Theodore (2010). <i>The Elements</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Elements&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Disappearing_Spoon4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Disappearing_Spoon4_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFKean2011" class="citation cs2">Kean, Sam (2011), <i>The Disappearing Spoon</i>, Transworld, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9781446437650" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/9781446437650"><bdi>9781446437650</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Disappearing+Spoon&rft.pub=Transworld&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781446437650&rft.aulast=Kean&rft.aufirst=Sam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Huang, Jia. "<i>Emerging Bismuth Chalcogenides Based Nanodrugs for Cancer Radiotherapy</i>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NLM002424-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NLM002424_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002424.htm">"Phosphorus in diet"</a>. <i>MedlinePlus</i>. NIH–National Library of Medicine. 9 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MedlinePlus&rft.atitle=Phosphorus+in+diet&rft.date=2020-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedlineplus.gov%2Fency%2Farticle%2F002424.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Disappearing_Spoon3-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Disappearing_Spoon3_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFKean2011" class="citation cs2">Kean, Sam (2011), <i>The Disappearing Spoon</i>, Transworld, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9781446437650" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/9781446437650"><bdi>9781446437650</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Disappearing+Spoon&rft.pub=Transworld&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781446437650&rft.aulast=Kean&rft.aufirst=Sam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Disappearing_Spoon2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Disappearing_Spoon2_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFKean2011" class="citation cs2">Kean, Sam (2011), <i>The Disappearing Spoon</i>, Transworld, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9781446437650" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/9781446437650"><bdi>9781446437650</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Disappearing+Spoon&rft.pub=Transworld&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781446437650&rft.aulast=Kean&rft.aufirst=Sam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3795437"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4286695">.mw-parser-output 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style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline earth metal">2</a> </th> <td colspan="14"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 3 element">3</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 4 element">4</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 5 element">5</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 6 element">6</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 7 element">7</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 8 element">8</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 9 element">9</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 10 element">10</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 11 element">11</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 12 element">12</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Boron group">13</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon group">14</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pnictogen">15</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalcogen">16</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Halogen">17</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble gas">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 1 element">1</a> </th> <td title="H, Hydrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen"><span style="display:block">H</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="He, Helium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" class="mw-redirect" title="Helium"><span style="display:block">He</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 2 element">2</a> </th> <td title="Li, Lithium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium"><span style="display:block">Li</span></a> </td> <td title="Be, Beryllium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" class="mw-redirect" title="Beryllium"><span style="display:block">Be</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="B, బోరాన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="బోరాన్"><span style="display:block">B</span></a> </td> <td title="C, కార్బన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కార్బన్"><span style="display:block">C</span></a> </td> <td title="N, నైట్రోజన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="నైట్రోజన్"><span style="display:block">N</span></a> </td> <td title="O, ఆక్సిజన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆక్సిజన్"><span style="display:block">O</span></a> </td> <td title="F, ఫ్లోరిన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఫ్లోరిన్"><span style="display:block">F</span></a> </td> <td title="Ne, నియాన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="నియాన్"><span style="display:block">Ne</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 3 element">3</a> </th> <td title="Na, సోడియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="సోడియం"><span style="display:block">Na</span></a> </td> <td title="Mg, మెగ్నీషియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="మెగ్నీషియం"><span style="display:block">Mg</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Al, అల్యూమినియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="అల్యూమినియం"><span style="display:block">Al</span></a> </td> <td title="Si, సిలికాన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="సిలికాన్"><span style="display:block">Si</span></a> </td> <td title="P, భాస్వరం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="భాస్వరం"><span style="display:block">P</span></a> </td> <td title="S, సల్ఫర్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="సల్ఫర్"><span style="display:block">S</span></a> </td> <td title="Cl, క్లోరిన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="క్లోరిన్"><span style="display:block">Cl</span></a> </td> <td title="Ar, ఆర్గాన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆర్గాన్"><span style="display:block">Ar</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 4 element">4</a> </th> <td title="K, పొటాషియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="పొటాషియం"><span style="display:block">K</span></a> </td> <td title="Ca, కాల్షియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="కాల్షియం"><span style="display:block">Ca</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Sc, స్కాండియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="స్కాండియం"><span style="display:block">Sc</span></a> </td> <td title="Ti, టైటానియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="టైటానియం"><span style="display:block">Ti</span></a> </td> <td title="V, వెనేడియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="వెనేడియం"><span style="display:block">V</span></a> </td> <td title="Cr, క్రోమియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="క్రోమియం"><span style="display:block">Cr</span></a> </td> <td title="Mn, మాంగనీస్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="మాంగనీస్"><span style="display:block">Mn</span></a> </td> <td title="Fe, ఇనుము" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="ఇనుము"><span style="display:block">Fe</span></a> </td> <td title="Co, కోబాల్ట్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="కోబాల్ట్"><span style="display:block">Co</span></a> </td> <td title="Ni, నికెల్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="నికెల్"><span style="display:block">Ni</span></a> </td> <td title="Cu, కాపర్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="కాపర్"><span style="display:block">Cu</span></a> </td> <td title="Zn, జింక్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="జింక్"><span style="display:block">Zn</span></a> </td> <td title="Ga, Gallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium"><span style="display:block">Ga</span></a> </td> <td title="Ge, Germanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanium"><span style="display:block">Ge</span></a> </td> <td title="As, Arsenic" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenic"><span style="display:block">As</span></a> </td> <td title="Se, Selenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Selenium"><span style="display:block">Se</span></a> </td> <td title="Br, Bromine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" class="mw-redirect" title="Bromine"><span style="display:block">Br</span></a> </td> <td title="Kr, Krypton" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" class="mw-redirect" title="Krypton"><span style="display:block">Kr</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 5 element">5</a> </th> <td title="Rb, Rubidium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubidium"><span style="display:block">Rb</span></a> </td> <td title="Sr, Strontium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium"><span style="display:block">Sr</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Y, Yttrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium"><span style="display:block">Y</span></a> </td> <td title="Zr, Zirconium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium"><span style="display:block">Zr</span></a> </td> <td title="Nb, Niobium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" class="mw-redirect" title="Niobium"><span style="display:block">Nb</span></a> </td> <td title="Mo, Molybdenum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum"><span style="display:block">Mo</span></a> </td> <td title="Tc, Technetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium"><span style="display:block">Tc</span></a> </td> <td title="Ru, Ruthenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium"><span style="display:block">Ru</span></a> </td> <td title="Rh, Rhodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium"><span style="display:block">Rh</span></a> </td> <td title="Pd, Palladium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladium"><span style="display:block">Pd</span></a> </td> <td title="Ag, Silver" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver"><span style="display:block">Ag</span></a> </td> <td title="Cd, Cadmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium"><span style="display:block">Cd</span></a> </td> <td title="In, Indium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" class="mw-redirect" title="Indium"><span style="display:block">In</span></a> </td> <td title="Sn, Tin" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin"><span style="display:block">Sn</span></a> </td> <td title="Sb, Antimony" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony"><span style="display:block">Sb</span></a> </td> <td title="Te, Tellurium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium"><span style="display:block">Te</span></a> </td> <td title="I, Iodine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine"><span style="display:block">I</span></a> </td> <td title="Xe, Xenon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block">Xe</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 6 element">6</a> </th> <td title="Cs, Caesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesium"><span style="display:block">Cs</span></a> </td> <td title="Ba, Barium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" class="mw-redirect" title="Barium"><span style="display:block">Ba</span></a> </td> <td title="La, Lanthanum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum"><span style="display:block">La</span></a> </td> <td title="Ce, Cerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium"><span style="display:block">Ce</span></a> </td> <td title="Pr, Praseodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium"><span style="display:block">Pr</span></a> </td> <td title="Nd, Neodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodymium"><span style="display:block">Nd</span></a> </td> <td title="Pm, Promethium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" class="mw-redirect" title="Promethium"><span style="display:block">Pm</span></a> </td> <td title="Sm, Samarium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarium"><span style="display:block">Sm</span></a> </td> <td title="Eu, Europium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" class="mw-redirect" title="Europium"><span style="display:block">Eu</span></a> </td> <td title="Gd, Gadolinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadolinium"><span style="display:block">Gd</span></a> </td> <td title="Tb, Terbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Terbium"><span style="display:block">Tb</span></a> </td> <td title="Dy, Dysprosium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysprosium"><span style="display:block">Dy</span></a> </td> <td title="Ho, Holmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Holmium"><span style="display:block">Ho</span></a> </td> <td title="Er, Erbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Erbium"><span style="display:block">Er</span></a> </td> <td title="Tm, Thulium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thulium"><span style="display:block">Tm</span></a> </td> <td title="Yb, Ytterbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbium"><span style="display:block">Yb</span></a> </td> <td title="Lu, Lutetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium"><span style="display:block">Lu</span></a> </td> <td title="Hf, Hafnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafnium"><span style="display:block">Hf</span></a> </td> <td title="Ta, Tantalum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantalum"><span style="display:block">Ta</span></a> </td> <td title="W, Tungsten" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten"><span style="display:block">W</span></a> </td> <td title="Re, Rhenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium"><span style="display:block">Re</span></a> </td> <td title="Os, Osmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmium"><span style="display:block">Os</span></a> </td> <td title="Ir, Iridium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" class="mw-redirect" title="Iridium"><span style="display:block">Ir</span></a> </td> <td title="Pt, Platinum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum"><span style="display:block">Pt</span></a> </td> <td title="Au, Gold" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold"><span style="display:block">Au</span></a> </td> <td title="Hg, Mercury" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)"><span style="display:block">Hg</span></a> </td> <td title="Tl, Thallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium"><span style="display:block">Tl</span></a> </td> <td title="Pb, Lead" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead"><span style="display:block">Pb</span></a> </td> <td title="Bi, Bismuth" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth"><span style="display:block">Bi</span></a> </td> <td title="Po, Polonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Polonium"><span style="display:block">Po</span></a> </td> <td title="At, Astatine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine"><span style="display:block">At</span></a> </td> <td title="Rn, Radon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" class="mw-redirect" title="Radon"><span style="display:block">Rn</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 7 element">7</a> </th> <td title="Fr, Francium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium"><span style="display:block">Fr</span></a> </td> <td title="Ra, Radium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" class="mw-redirect" title="Radium"><span style="display:block">Ra</span></a> </td> <td title="Ac, Actinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinium"><span style="display:block">Ac</span></a> </td> <td title="Th, Thorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium"><span style="display:block">Th</span></a> </td> <td title="Pa, Protactinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium"><span style="display:block">Pa</span></a> </td> <td title="U, Uranium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranium"><span style="display:block">U</span></a> </td> <td title="Np, Neptunium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptunium"><span style="display:block">Np</span></a> </td> <td title="Pu, Plutonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutonium"><span style="display:block">Pu</span></a> </td> <td title="Am, Americium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" class="mw-redirect" title="Americium"><span style="display:block">Am</span></a> </td> <td title="Cm, Curium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" class="mw-redirect" title="Curium"><span style="display:block">Cm</span></a> </td> <td title="Bk, Berkelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkelium"><span style="display:block">Bk</span></a> </td> <td title="Cf, Californium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium"><span style="display:block">Cf</span></a> </td> <td title="Es, Einsteinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Einsteinium"><span style="display:block">Es</span></a> </td> <td title="Fm, Fermium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermium"><span style="display:block">Fm</span></a> </td> <td title="Md, Mendelevium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelevium"><span style="display:block">Md</span></a> </td> <td title="No, Nobelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelium"><span style="display:block">No</span></a> </td> <td title="Lr, Lawrencium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium"><span style="display:block">Lr</span></a> </td> <td title="Rf, Rutherfordium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="display:block">Rf</span></a> </td> <td title="Db, Dubnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubnium"><span style="display:block">Db</span></a> </td> <td title="Sg, Seaborgium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaborgium"><span style="display:block">Sg</span></a> </td> <td title="Bh, Bohrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohrium"><span style="display:block">Bh</span></a> </td> <td title="Hs, Hassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassium"><span style="display:block">Hs</span></a> </td> <td title="Mt, Meitnerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitnerium"><span style="display:block">Mt</span></a> </td> <td title="Ds, Darmstadtium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" class="mw-redirect" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="display:block">Ds</span></a> </td> <td title="Rg, Roentgenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Roentgenium"><span style="display:block">Rg</span></a> </td> <td title="Cn, Copernicium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicium"><span style="display:block">Cn</span></a> </td> <td title="Nh, Nihonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Nihonium"><span style="display:block">Nh</span></a> </td> <td title="Fl, Flerovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Flerovium"><span style="display:block">Fl</span></a> </td> <td title="Mc, Moscovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscovium"><span style="display:block">Mc</span></a> </td> <td title="Lv, Livermorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Livermorium"><span style="display:block">Lv</span></a> </td> <td title="Ts, Tennessine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessine"><span style="display:block">Ts</span></a> </td> <td title="Og, ఒగానెస్సాన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%92%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఒగానెస్సాన్"><span style="display:block">Og</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div role="presentation" id="periodic-table-legend" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:90%; margin:0;"><div style="padding:0.3em;"> <table style="width:100%; line-height:1.2em; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff9999;"><a href="/wiki/S-block" class="mw-redirect" title="S-block">s-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#9bff99;"><a href="/wiki/F-block" class="mw-redirect" title="F-block">f-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#99ccff;"><a href="/wiki/D-block" class="mw-redirect" title="D-block">d-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#fdff8c;"><a href="/wiki/P-block" class="mw-redirect" title="P-block">p-block</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3795437"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4286695"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Authority_control" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:Authority_control&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="సహాయం:Authority control (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Authority control</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="లైబ్రరీ ఆఫ్ కాంగ్రెస్ కంట్రోల్ నంబర్">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2003001134">sh2003001134</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇంటెగ్రేటెడ్ అథారిటీ ఫైల్">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4183263-2">4183263-2</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://te.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=నిక్టోజన్&oldid=3750420">https://te.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=నిక్టోజన్&oldid=3750420</a>" నుండి వెలికితీశారు</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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