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height: 1.5625em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="ఒక స్వేచ్ఛా విజ్ఞాన సర్వస్వం" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-te.svg" width="119" height="16" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%A3" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="వికీపీడియా లో వెతకండి [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>వెతుకు</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="వికీపీడియా‌లో వెతకండి" aria-label="వికీపీడియా‌లో వెతకండి" autocapitalize="sentences" title="వికీపీడియా లో వెతకండి [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ప్రత్యేక:అన్వేషణ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">వెతుకు</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="వ్యక్తిగత పరికరాలు"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="స్వరూపం"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="స్వరూపం" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">స్వరూపం</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=te.wikipedia.org&uselang=te" class=""><span>విరాళాలు</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81&returnto=%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="మీరొక ఖాతాను సృష్టించుకొని, లాగినవడాన్ని ప్రోత్సహిస్తాం; అయితే, అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు" class=""><span>ఖాతా సృష్టించుకోండి</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82&returnto=%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="మిమ్మల్ని లాగినవమని ప్రోత్సహిస్తున్నాం; కానీ అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>లాగినవండి</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="వ్యక్తిగత పరికరాలు" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">వ్యక్తిగత పరికరాలు</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="వాడుకరి మెనూ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=te.wikipedia.org&uselang=te"><span>విరాళాలు</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>తోడ్పడండి</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81&returnto=%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="మీరొక ఖాతాను సృష్టించుకొని, లాగినవడాన్ని ప్రోత్సహిస్తాం; అయితే, అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ఖాతా సృష్టించుకోండి</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82&returnto=%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="మిమ్మల్ని లాగినవమని ప్రోత్సహిస్తున్నాం; కానీ అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>లాగినవండి</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A" title="ఈ ఐపీ చిరునామా నుండి చేసిన మార్పుల గురించి చర్చ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ఈ IP కి సంబంధించిన చర్చ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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left;\"\u003E\n\u003Ctd\u003Eవికీలో వ్యాసాలు రాస్తున్నది ఎక్స్పర్టులూ, సబ్జెక్టు నిపుణులూ కాదు. ఇక్కడ సాధారణ పాఠకులే వ్యాసాలు రాస్తారు. అందరూ కలిసి పరస్పర సహకారంతో, సమన్వయంతో పనిచేస్తూ వ్యాసాలను రాస్తారు. వివిధ వనరుల్లోంచి సమాచారాన్ని సేకరించి, ఆ మూలాలను ఉదహరిస్తూ ఆ సమాచారాన్ని వికీలో చేరుస్తారు. మరింత సమాచారం కోసం \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81\" title=\"వికీపీడియా:పరిచయము\"\u003Eవికీపీడియా:పరిచయము\u003C/a\u003E చూడండి. ఈ పనిలో మీరూ భాగం పంచుకోవచ్చు. వికీలో \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%3F\" title=\"వికీపీడియా:అకౌంటు ఎందుకు సృష్టించుకోవాలి?\"\u003Eఖాతా సృష్టించుకోండి\u003C/a\u003E. మీకు ఆసక్తి ఉన్న విషయం గురించిన సమాచారాన్ని రాసి, వికీ అభివృద్ధిలో మీరూ తోడ్పడండి. ఈ విషయంలో సందేహమేమైనా ఉంటే \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82\" title=\"వికీపీడియా:సహాయ కేంద్రం\"\u003Eవికీపీడియా సహాయకేంద్రంలో\u003C/a\u003E అడగండి.\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003Eతెలుగు వికీపీడియా గురించి మరింత అవగాహన కొరకు \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Wikipedia_Gurinchi_Meeku_Telusa%3F.pdf\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"వికీపీడియా గురించి మీకు తెలుసా?\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"వికీపీడియా గురించి మీకు తెలుసా?\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wikipedia_Gurinchi_Meeku_Telusa%3F.pdf/page1-50px-Wikipedia_Gurinchi_Meeku_Telusa%3F.pdf.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"50\" height=\"77\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wikipedia_Gurinchi_Meeku_Telusa%3F.pdf/page1-75px-Wikipedia_Gurinchi_Meeku_Telusa%3F.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wikipedia_Gurinchi_Meeku_Telusa%3F.pdf/page1-100px-Wikipedia_Gurinchi_Meeku_Telusa%3F.pdf.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"825\" data-file-height=\"1275\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E ఈ బొమ్మపై నొక్కి తెలుగు వికీపీడియాను పరిచయం చేసే పుస్తకం చూడండి.\u003C/b\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="విషయ సూచిక" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">విషయ సూచిక</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">సైడ్‌బార్‌ లోకి తరలించు</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>భౌతిక లక్షణాలు</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-భౌతిక_లక్షణాలు-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-రసాయన_లక్షణాలు" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#రసాయన_లక్షణాలు"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>రసాయన లక్షణాలు</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-రసాయన_లక్షణాలు-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ఐసోటోపులు" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ఐసోటోపులు"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>ఐసోటోపులు</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ఐసోటోపులు-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-అప్లికేషన్లు" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#అప్లికేషన్లు"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="విషయ సూచిక" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">థూలియం</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 126 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-126" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">126 భాషలు</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="మంచి వ్యాసాలు"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – ఇంగ్లీష్" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ఇంగ్లీష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थुलियम – హిందీ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="थुलियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="హిందీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಥುಲಿಯಮ್ – కన్నడ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಥುಲಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="కన్నడ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தூலியம் – తమిళం" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தூலியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="తమిళం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="തൂലിയം – మలయాళం" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തൂലിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="మలయాళం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium – ఆఫ్రికాన్స్" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tulium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ఆఫ్రికాన్స్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ቱሊየም – అమ్హారిక్" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቱሊየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="అమ్హారిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थुलियम – ఆంగిక" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="थुलियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ఆంగిక" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ثوليوم – అరబిక్" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثوليوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="అరబిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ثوليوم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ثوليوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ثوليوم – ఈజిప్షియన్ అరబిక్" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ثوليوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="ఈజిప్షియన్ అరబిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuliu" title="Tuliu – ఆస్టూరియన్" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tuliu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ఆస్టూరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium – అజర్బైజాని" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tulium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="అజర్బైజాని" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – బాలినీస్" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="బాలినీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Тулій – బెలారుషియన్" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тулій" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="బెలారుషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Туль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Туль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий – బల్గేరియన్" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тулий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="బల్గేరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थुलियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="थुलियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="থুলিয়াম – బంగ్లా" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="থুলিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="బంగ్లా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuliom" title="Tuliom – బ్రెటన్" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tuliom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="బ్రెటన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulij" title="Tulij – బోస్నియన్" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tulij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="బోస్నియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuli" title="Tuli – కాటలాన్" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tuli" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="కాటలాన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulyo" title="Tulyo – సెబువానో" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tulyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="సెబువానో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="توولیۆم – సెంట్రల్ కర్డిష్" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="توولیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="సెంట్రల్ కర్డిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuliu" title="Tuliu – కోర్సికన్" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Tuliu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="కోర్సికన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – చెక్" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="చెక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий – చువాష్" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тулий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="చువాష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thwliwm" title="Thwliwm – వెల్ష్" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thwliwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="వెల్ష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – డానిష్" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="డానిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – జర్మన్" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="జర్మన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Θούλιο – గ్రీక్" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θούλιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="గ్రీక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio – ఎస్పెరాంటో" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tulio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ఎస్పెరాంటో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio – స్పానిష్" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tulio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="స్పానిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuulium" title="Tuulium – ఎస్టోనియన్" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tuulium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ఎస్టోనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio – బాస్క్యూ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tulio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="బాస్క్యూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="تولیم – పర్షియన్" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تولیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="పర్షియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium – ఫిన్నిష్" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tulium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ఫిన్నిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – ఫ్రెంచ్" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ఫ్రెంచ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuulium" title="Tuulium – ఉత్తర ఫ్రిసియన్" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tuulium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ఉత్తర ఫ్రిసియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuli" title="Tuli – ఫ్రియులియన్" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Tuli" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ఫ్రియులియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BAiliam" title="Túiliam – ఐరిష్" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Túiliam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ఐరిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuilium" title="Tuilium – స్కాటిష్ గేలిక్" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tuilium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="స్కాటిష్ గేలిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio – గాలిషియన్" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tulio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="గాలిషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A5%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="થુલિયમ – గుజరాతీ" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="થુલિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="గుజరాతీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – మాంక్స్" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="మాంక్స్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – హక్కా చైనీస్" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="హక్కా చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – హవాయియన్" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="హవాయియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="תוליום – హిబ్రూ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תוליום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="హిబ్రూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulij" title="Tulij – క్రొయేషియన్" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tulij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="క్రొయేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BAlium" title="Túlium – హంగేరియన్" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Túlium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="హంగేరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Թուլիում – ఆర్మీనియన్" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուլիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ఆర్మీనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – ఇంటర్లింగ్వా" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ఇంటర్లింగ్వా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium – ఇండోనేషియన్" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tulium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ఇండోనేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio – ఈడో" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tulio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ఈడో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BAl%C3%ADn" title="Túlín – ఐస్లాండిక్" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Túlín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ఐస్లాండిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio – ఇటాలియన్" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tulio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ఇటాలియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ツリウム – జపనీస్" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ツリウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="జపనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrtuli" title="jinmrtuli – లోజ్బాన్" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrtuli" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="లోజ్బాన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="თულიუმი – జార్జియన్" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თულიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="జార్జియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%CA%8Al%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Tʊlɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tʊlɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий – కజఖ్" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тулий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="కజఖ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%88%B4%EB%A5%A8" title="툴륨 – కొరియన్" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="툴륨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="కొరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий – కోమి" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Тулий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="కోమి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuliom" title="Thuliom – కోర్నిష్" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Thuliom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="కోర్నిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий – కిర్గిజ్" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тулий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="కిర్గిజ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – లాటిన్" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="లాటిన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – లక్సెంబర్గిష్" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="లక్సెంబర్గిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – లిమ్బర్గిష్" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="లిమ్బర్గిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio – లిగూరియన్" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Tulio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="లిగూరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulis" title="Tulis – లిథువేనియన్" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tulis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="లిథువేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%ABlijs" title="Tūlijs – లాట్వియన్" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tūlijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="లాట్వియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Тулиум – మాసిడోనియన్" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тулиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="మాసిడోనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Тули – మంగోలియన్" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тули" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="మంగోలియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थुलियम – మరాఠీ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="थुलियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="మరాఠీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Тулий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium – మలయ్" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tulium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="మలయ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ကျူလီယမ် – బర్మీస్" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကျူလီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="బర్మీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थुलियम – నెవారి" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="थुलियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="నెవారి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – డచ్" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="డచ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – నార్వేజియాన్ న్యోర్స్క్" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="నార్వేజియాన్ న్యోర్స్క్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – నార్వేజియన్ బొక్మాల్" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="నార్వేజియన్ బొక్మాల్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Tulium" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulii" title="Tulii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Tulii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थुलियम – పాలీ" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="थुलियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="పాలీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tul" title="Tul – పోలిష్" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tul" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="పోలిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tulio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="تھلیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تھلیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="توليوم – పాష్టో" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="توليوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="పాష్టో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BAlio" title="Túlio – పోర్చుగీస్" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Túlio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="పోర్చుగీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulyu" title="Thulyu – కెచువా" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Thulyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="కెచువా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuliu" title="Tuliu – రొమేనియన్" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tuliu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="రొమేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuliu" title="Tuliu – ఆరోమేనియన్" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Tuliu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="ఆరోమేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий – రష్యన్" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тулий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="రష్యన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थुलियम – సంస్కృతం" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="थुलियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="సంస్కృతం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Тулиум – సాఖా" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тулиум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="సాఖా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B9liu" title="Tùliu – సార్డీనియన్" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tùliu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="సార్డీనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuliu" title="Tuliu – సిసిలియన్" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tuliu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="సిసిలియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulijum" title="Tulijum – సేర్బో-క్రొయేషియన్" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tulijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="సేర్బో-క్రొయేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BAlium" title="Túlium – స్లోవక్" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Túlium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="స్లోవక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulij" title="Tulij – స్లోవేనియన్" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tulij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="స్లోవేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuliumi" title="Tuliumi – అల్బేనియన్" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tuliumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="అల్బేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Тулијум – సెర్బియన్" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тулијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="సెర్బియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium – స్వీడిష్" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tulium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="స్వీడిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий – తజిక్" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тулий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="తజిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ทูเลียม – థాయ్" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทูเลียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="థాయ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulyum" title="Tulyum – టర్కిష్" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tulyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="టర్కిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий – టాటర్" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тулий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="టాటర్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%87%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A" title="تۇلىي – ఉయ్‌ఘర్" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۇلىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ఉయ్‌ఘర్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Тулій – ఉక్రెయినియన్" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тулій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ఉక్రెయినియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="تھلیئم – ఉర్దూ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تھلیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ఉర్దూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuliy" title="Tuliy – ఉజ్బెక్" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tuliy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ఉజ్బెక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulii" title="Tulii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Tulii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – వియత్నామీస్" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="వియత్నామీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulyo" title="Tulyo – వారే" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tulyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="వారే" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥 – వు చైనీస్" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铥" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="వు చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Тулиум – కల్మిక్" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Тулиум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="కల్మిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – యోరుబా" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="యోరుబా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥 – చైనీస్" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铥" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%A9" title="銩 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="銩" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – మిన్ నాన్ చైనీస్" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="మిన్ నాన్ చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%A9" title="銩 – కాంటనీస్" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="銩" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="కాంటనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmThuthumbi" title="UmThuthumbi – జూలూ" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmThuthumbi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="జూలూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1853#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="భాషాలింకులను మార్చు" class="wbc-editpage">లంకెలను మార్చు</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="te" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical element, symbol Tm and atomic number <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:SHORTDESC:Chemical_element,_symbol_Tm_and_atomic_number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="మూస:SHORTDESC:Chemical element, symbol Tm and atomic number (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">మూస:SHORTDESC:Chemical element, symbol Tm and atomic number</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4378490">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4171833">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data>.wikitable,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox .periodictable{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data{width:calc(100% - 20px)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data>div{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><span class="nowrap">థూలియం, <sub>00</sub>Tm</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Thulium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Thulium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/220px-Thulium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Thulium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/330px-Thulium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Thulium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/440px-Thulium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4765" data-file-height="3274" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#9bff99">థూలియం</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:IPA/English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="సహాయం:IPA/English (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/θj/: 'th' in 'enthuse'">θj</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span> <wbr /><span class="nowrap">(<span title="English pronunciation respelling" class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pronunciation_respelling_key" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Pronunciation respelling key"><i>THEW-<small>lee</small>-əm</i></a></span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appearance</th><td class="infobox-data">silvery gray</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4378490" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align: left; background: transparant;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_atomic_weight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard atomic weight (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Standard atomic weight</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2615630">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>A</i><sub>r</sub>°(Tm)</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3779865">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002168934219000000♠"></span>168.934<span style="margin-left:.25em;">219</span><span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.000<span style="margin-left:.25em;">005</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002168930000000000♠"></span>168.93<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.01</span> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_atomic_weight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard atomic weight (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">abridged</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#9bff99">థూలియం in the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"> <table class="nogrid" 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style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Nickel</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Copper" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Copper</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinc"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Zinc</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Gallium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Germanium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenic"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Arsenic</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Selenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Selenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" class="mw-redirect" title="Bromine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Bromine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" class="mw-redirect" title="Krypton"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Krypton</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubidium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Rubidium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Strontium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Yttrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Zirconium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" class="mw-redirect" title="Niobium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Niobium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Molybdenum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Technetium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ruthenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Rhodium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Palladium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Silver</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Cadmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Indium" class="mw-redirect" title="Indium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Indium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Tin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Tin</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Antimony</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Tellurium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Iodine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Xenon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none"> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Caesium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Barium" class="mw-redirect" title="Barium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Barium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Lanthanum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Cerium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Praseodymium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodymium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Neodymium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" class="mw-redirect" title="Promethium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Promethium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Samarium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Europium" class="mw-redirect" title="Europium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Europium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadolinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Gadolinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Terbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Terbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysprosium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Dysprosium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Holmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Holmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Erbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Erbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thulium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Thulium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ytterbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Lutetium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Hafnium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantalum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Tantalum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Tungsten</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Rhenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Osmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" class="mw-redirect" title="Iridium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Iridium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Platinum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Gold</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Mercury (element)</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Thallium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Lead</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Bismuth</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Polonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Polonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Astatine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Radon" class="mw-redirect" title="Radon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Radon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Francium" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Francium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Radium" class="mw-redirect" title="Radium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Radium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Actinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Thorium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Protactinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Uranium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptunium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Neptunium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Plutonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Americium" class="mw-redirect" title="Americium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Americium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Curium" class="mw-redirect" title="Curium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Curium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkelium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Berkelium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Californium" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Californium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Einsteinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Einsteinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Fermium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelevium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Mendelevium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Nobelium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Lawrencium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Rutherfordium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Dubnium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaborgium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Seaborgium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Bohrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Hassium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitnerium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Meitnerium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" class="mw-redirect" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Darmstadtium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Roentgenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Roentgenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Copernicium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ununtrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununtrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ununtrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Flerovium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Flerovium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ununpentium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununpentium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ununpentium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Livermorium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Livermorium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ununseptium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununseptium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ununseptium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ununoctium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununoctium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ununoctium</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;">-<br />↑<br /><strong>Tm</strong><br />↓<br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="మెండలీవియం">Md</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="ఇర్బియం">ఇర్బియం</a> ← <strong>థూలియం</strong> → <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="యిటెర్బియం (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">యిటెర్బియం</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" class="mw-redirect" title="Group (periodic table)">Group</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=F-block_groups&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F-block groups (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">f-block groups</a> (no number)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" class="mw-redirect" title="Period (periodic table)">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 6 element">period 6</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)" class="mw-redirect" title="Block (periodic table)">Block</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="color legend: f-block" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; width:6px; height:8px; border:1px solid black; background:#9bff99"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)#f-block" class="mw-redirect" title="Block (periodic table)">f-block</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electron_configuration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electron configuration (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Electron configuration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">[<a href="/wiki/Xenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 4f<sup>13</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Electrons per shell</th><td class="infobox-data">2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#9bff99">Physical properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phase_(matter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phase (matter) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Phase</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2615630" /><span class="nobold">at <span title="STP: standard temperature and pressure: 0 °C and 101.325 kPa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_temperature_and_pressure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard temperature and pressure (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">STP</a></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data">solid</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Melting point">Melting point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1818 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelvin">K</a> (1545 °C, 2813 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2223 K (1950 °C, 3542 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Density" class="mw-redirect" title="Density">Density</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(near <abbr title="room temperature">r.t.</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">9.32 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal;">when liquid (at <abbr title="melting point">m.p.</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">8.56 g/cm<sup>3</sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enthalpy_of_fusion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enthalpy of fusion (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Heat of fusion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16.84 <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule_per_mole" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilojoule per mole">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enthalpy_of_vaporization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enthalpy of vaporization (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Heat of vaporization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">247 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molar_heat_capacity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molar heat capacity (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Molar heat capacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">27.03 J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Vapor pressure"><b>Vapor pressure</b></a><div style="position:relative; margin:0 auto; padding:0; text-align:initial; width:-moz-fit-content;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:fit-content;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Pressure"><i>P</i></abbr> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(Pa)</span> </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1 k </th> <th>10 k </th> <th>100 k </th></tr> <tr> <th>at <abbr title="Temperature"><i>T</i></abbr> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(K)</span> </th> <td>1117 </td> <td>1235 </td> <td>1381 </td> <td>1570 </td> <td>(1821) </td> <td>(2217) </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#9bff99">Atomic properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidation_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxidation state (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Oxidation state</a>s</th><td class="infobox-data">0,<sup id="cite_ref-Cloke1993_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cloke1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> +1,<sup id="cite_ref-LnI_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LnI-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> +2, <span style="font-size:112%;"><b>+3</b></span> (a <a href="/wiki/Base_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Base (chemistry)">basic</a> oxide)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronegativity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electronegativity (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Electronegativity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pauling scale: 1.25 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomic_radius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomic radius (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Atomic radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">empirical: 176 <a href="/wiki/Picometre" class="mw-redirect" title="Picometre">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Covalent_radius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Covalent radius (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Covalent radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">190±10 pm </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Thulium_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Color lines in a spectral range" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Thulium_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Thulium_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Thulium_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Thulium_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Thulium_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Thulium_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spectral_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spectral line (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Spectral line</a>s of థూలియం</strong></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#9bff99">Other properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Natural occurrence</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primordial_nuclide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primordial nuclide (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">primordial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crystal_structure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crystal structure (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Crystal structure</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-packing_of_equal_spheres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-packing of equal spheres (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">hexagonal close-packed</a> (hcp)<div style="float:right;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Hexagonal_close_packed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for థూలియం" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/50px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/75px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/100px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coefficient_of_thermal_expansion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coefficient of thermal expansion (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Thermal expansion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Room_temperature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Room temperature (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">r.t.</a>) (poly)<br />13.3 µm/(m⋅K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermal_conductivity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermal conductivity (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Thermal conductivity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16.9 W/(m⋅K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electrical resistivity and conductivity (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Electrical resistivity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Room_temperature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Room temperature (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">r.t.</a>) (poly) 676 n Ω⋅m </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetism (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Magnetic ordering</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramagnetic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paramagnetic (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">paramagnetic</a> at 300 K </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young%27s_modulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Young's modulus (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Young's modulus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">74.0 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shear_modulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shear modulus (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Shear modulus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">30.5 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulk_modulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulk modulus (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Bulk modulus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">44.5 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poisson%27s_ratio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poisson's ratio (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Poisson ratio</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.213 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vickers_hardness_test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vickers hardness test (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Vickers hardness</a></th><td class="infobox-data">520 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brinell_hardness_test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brinell hardness test (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Brinell hardness</a></th><td class="infobox-data">471 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CAS_Registry_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CAS Registry Number (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7440-30-4 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#9bff99">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of chemical element discoveries (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Discovery</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per_Teodor_Cleve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Per Teodor Cleve (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Per Teodor Cleve</a><span class="nowrap"> (1879)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First isolation</th><td class="infobox-data">Per Teodor Cleve<span class="nowrap"> (1879)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#9bff99"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotopes of థూలియం (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Isotopes of థూలియం</a><span style="float:right; padding-right: 0.2em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3795437">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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title="వర్గం:థూలియం (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Category: థూలియం</a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3795437" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4294021" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Infobox_%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="మూస:Infobox థూలియం (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A:Infobox_%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="మూస చర్చ:Infobox థూలియం (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)"><span title="Discuss this template">talk</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:EditPage/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Infobox_%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="ప్రత్యేక:EditPage/మూస:Infobox థూలియం"><span title="Edit this template">edit</span></a></li></ul></div> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of data references for chemical elements (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">references</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>థూలియం</b> (Tm) <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A3%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%96%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF" title="పరమాణు సంఖ్య">పరమాణు సంఖ్య</a> 69 కలిగిన <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="మూలకము">రసాయన మూలకం</a>. ఇది లాంథనైడ్ సిరీస్‌లో పదమూడవది, చివరి నుండి మూడవది. ఇతర లాంథనైడ్‌ల లాగానే దీనికి కూడా అత్యంత సాధారణ ఆక్సీకరణ స్థితి +3. ఇది ఆక్సైడ్లు, హాలైడ్లు తదితర సమ్మేళనాలలో కనిపిస్తుంది. అయితే, +2 ఆక్సీకరణ స్థితి కూడా స్థిరంగానే ఉంటుంది. సజల ద్రావణంలో, ఇతర చివరి లాంథనైడ్ల సమ్మేళనాల వలె, కరిగే థూలియం సమ్మేళనాలు తొమ్మిది నీటి అణువులతో సమన్వయ సముదాయాలను ఏర్పరుస్తాయి. </p><p>రేడియోధార్మికంగా అస్థిరమైన <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="ప్రొమేథియం">ప్రోమేథియం</a> తర్వాత భూమిపై ట్రేస్ పరిమాణంలో మాత్రమే కనిపించే థూలియం అతి తక్కువ సమృద్ధిగా ఉండే లాంథనైడ్లలో రెండవది. ఇది ప్రకాశవంతమైన వెండి-బూడిద రంగుతో సులభంగా వర్కబుల్ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="లోహాలు">లోహం</a>. ఇది చాలా మెత్తమ్నైనది, గాలిలో నెమ్మదిగా మసకబారుతుంది. అధిక ధర అరుదుగా ఉండే లభ్యత ఉన్నప్పటికీ, పోర్టబుల్ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D-%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87" title="ఎక్స్-రే">ఎక్స్-రే</a> పరికరాలలో, కొన్ని సాలిడ్-స్టేట్ లేజర్‌లలో థూలియంను రేడియేషన్ మూలంగా ఉపయోగిస్తారు. జీవుల్లో దీనికి ముఖ్యమైన పాత్రేమీ లేదు. విషం కాదు. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="లక్షణాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.95.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B7.E0.B0.A3.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>లక్షణాలు</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82&action=edit&section=1" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: లక్షణాలు"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="భౌతిక_లక్షణాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.AD.E0.B1.8C.E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.95_.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.95.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B7.E0.B0.A3.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>భౌతిక లక్షణాలు</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82&action=edit&section=2" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: భౌతిక లక్షణాలు"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>స్వచ్ఛమైన థూలియం లోహం ఒక ప్రకాశవంతమైన, వెండి మెరుపును కలిగి ఉంటుంది, ఇది గాలికి బహిర్గతం అయినప్పుడు మసకబారుతుంది. లోహాన్ని కత్తితో కోయవచ్చు. ఇది 2 నుండి 3 వరకు మొహ్స్ కాఠిన్యం కలిగి ఉంటుంది; అది సుతిమెత్తగా, సాగేలా ఉంటుంది. 32 K కంటే తక్కువ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద థూలియం ఫెర్రో అయస్కాంతం, 32 - 56 K మధ్య యాంటీఫెరో మాగ్నెటిక్, 56 K పైన పారా అయస్కాంతం. </p><p>థూలియంకు రెండు ప్రధాన <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A4" title="భిన్నరూపత">అలోట్రోప్‌</a> లున్నాయి. అవి: టెట్రాగనల్ α-Tm, మరింత స్థిరమైన హెక్సాగనల్ β-Tm. <sup id="cite_ref-CRC_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="రసాయన_లక్షణాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.B8.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.A8_.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.95.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B7.E0.B0.A3.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>రసాయన లక్షణాలు</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82&action=edit&section=3" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: రసాయన లక్షణాలు"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>థూలియం గాలిలో నెమ్మదిగా మసకబారుతుంది. 150 <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="సెల్సియస్">°C</a> వద్ద కాలిపోయి, థూలియం(III) ఆక్సైడ్ ఏర్పడుతుంది : <sup id="cite_ref-InorgChem_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InorgChem-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3476943">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">4Tm + 3O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> → 2Tm<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></dd></dl> <p>థూలియం చాలా ఎలక్ట్రోపోజిటివ్. చల్లటి నీటితో నెమ్మదిగాను, వేడి నీటితో చాలా త్వరగానూ చర్య జరిపి థూలియం హైడ్రాక్సైడ్‌ను ఏర్పరుస్తుంది: </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3476943" /><span class="chemf nowrap">2Tm<sub class="template-chem2-sub">(s)</sub> + 6 H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">(l)</sub> → 2Tm(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(aq)</sub> + 3H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(g)</sub></span></dd></dl> <p>థూలియం అన్ని <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="హేలోజెన్">హాలోజన్‌లతో</a> చర్య జరుపుతుంది. గది ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద చర్యలు నెమ్మదిగా ఉంటాయి, కానీ 200 °C కంటే ఎక్కువ ఉష్ణోగ్రతల వద్ద చాలా చురుగ్గా ఉంటాయి<span class="nowrap"> </span>: </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3476943" /><span class="chemf nowrap">2Tm<sub class="template-chem2-sub">(s)</sub> + 3F<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(g)</sub> → 2TmF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(s)</sub></span> (తెలుపు)</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3476943" /><span class="chemf nowrap">2Tm<sub class="template-chem2-sub">(s)</sub> + 3Cl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(g)</sub> → 2TmCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(s)</sub></span> (పసుపు)</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3476943" /><span class="chemf nowrap">2Tm<sub class="template-chem2-sub">(s)</sub> + 3Br<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(g)</sub> → 2TmBr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(s)</sub></span> (తెలుగు)</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3476943" /><span class="chemf nowrap">2Tm<sub class="template-chem2-sub">(s)</sub> + 3I<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(g)</sub> → 2TmI<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(s)</sub></span> (పసుపు)</dd></dl> <p>థూలియం పలుచని <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82" title="సల్ఫ్యూరిక్ ఆమ్లం">సల్ఫ్యూరిక్ యాసిడ్‌లో</a> తక్షణమే కరిగి, లేత ఆకుపచ్చ Tm(III) అయాన్‌లను కలిగి ఉండే ద్రావణాలను ఏర్పరుస్తుంది.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3476943" /><span class="chemf nowrap">[Tm(OH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">9</sub>]<sup>3+</sup></span> కాంప్లెక్స్‌లు: <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3476943" /><span class="chemf nowrap">2Tm<sub class="template-chem2-sub">(s)</sub> + 3H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>SO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(aq)</sub> → 2Tm<sup>3+</sup><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(aq)</sub> + 3SO<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>2−</span><span>4</span></span><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(aq)</sub> + 3H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub><sub class="template-chem2-sub">(aq)</sub></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ఐసోటోపులు"><span id=".E0.B0.90.E0.B0.B8.E0.B1.8B.E0.B0.9F.E0.B1.8B.E0.B0.AA.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>ఐసోటోపులు</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82&action=edit&section=4" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ఐసోటోపులు"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>థూలియం యొక్క ఐసోటోప్‌లు <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3476943" /><span class="chemf nowrap"><sup class="template-chem2-sup">145</sup>Tm</span> నుండి<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3476943" /><span class="chemf nowrap"><sup class="template-chem2-sup">179</sup>Tm</span> వరకు ఉంటాయి. అత్యంత సమృద్ధిగా ఉండే స్థిరమైన <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3476943" /><span class="chemf nowrap"><sup class="template-chem2-sup">169</sup>Tm</span> ఐసోటోప్‌కు ముందు జరిగే ప్రాథమిక <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A4" title="రేడియో ధార్మికత">క్షయం మోడ్</a> ఎలక్ట్రాన్ క్యాప్చర్. ఆ తర్వాతి ప్రాథమిక మోడ్ బీటా ఎమిషన్. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3476943" /><span class="chemf nowrap"><sup class="template-chem2-sup">169</sup>Tm</span> కంటే ముందు ప్రాథమిక <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="రేడియోధార్మిక క్షయ ఉత్పత్తి">క్షయంలో ఏర్పడే ఉత్పత్తులు</a> మూలకం 68 (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="ఇర్బియం">ఎర్బియం</a>) ఐసోటోప్‌లు, ప్రాథమిక ఉత్పత్తులు మూలకం 70 (యిటర్బియం) ఐసోటోప్‌లు. </p><p>థూలియం-169 అనేది థూలియం యొక్క ఏకైక ఆదిమ ఐసోటోప్. ఇది స్థిరంగా ఉండే ఏకైక థూలియం ఐసోటోప్; ఇది చాలా సుదీర్ఘమైన అర్ధ-జీవితంతో <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="హోల్మియం">హోల్మియం</a> -165కి ఆల్ఫా క్షయం చెందుతుందని అంచనా వేయబడింది. <sup id="cite_ref-history3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-bellidecay_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bellidecay-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఎక్కువ కాలం జీవించే రేడియో ఐసోటోప్‌లు థూలియం-171 (దీని <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82" title="అర్ధ జీవిత కాలం">అర్ధ జీవితం</a> 1.92 సంవత్సరాలు), థూలియం-170 (128.6 రోజుల అర్ధ జీవితం). చాలా ఇతర ఐసోటోప్‌లు కొన్ని నిమిషాలు లేదా అంతకంటే తక్కువ అర్ధ జీవితాలను కలిగి ఉంటాయి. <sup id="cite_ref-Nudat_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nudat-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> థూలియంకు 35 ఐసోటోపులు, 26 న్యూక్లియర్ ఐసోమర్‌లు ఉన్నట్లు కనుగొన్నారు. <sup id="cite_ref-history2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 169 పరమాణు ద్రవ్యరాశి యూనిట్ల కంటే తేలికైన థూలియం యొక్క చాలా ఐసోటోప్‌లు ఎలక్ట్రాన్ క్యాప్చర్ లేదా బీటా-ప్లస్ క్షయం ద్వారా క్షీణిస్తాయి. అయితే కొన్ని మాత్రం ముఖ్యమైన ఆల్ఫా క్షయం లేదా ప్రోటాన్ ఉద్గారాలను ప్రదర్శిస్తాయి. భారీ ఐసోటోపులు బీటా-మైనస్ క్షీణతకు లోనవుతాయి. <sup id="cite_ref-Nudat_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nudat-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="అప్లికేషన్లు"><span id=".E0.B0.85.E0.B0.AA.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.95.E0.B1.87.E0.B0.B7.E0.B0.A8.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>అప్లికేషన్లు</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82&action=edit&section=5" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: అప్లికేషన్లు"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="లేజర్"><span id=".E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.87.E0.B0.9C.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.8D"></span>లేజర్</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82&action=edit&section=6" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: లేజర్"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="హోల్మియం">హోల్మియం</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="క్రోమియం">క్రోమియం</a> -థూలియం ట్రిపుల్-డోప్డ్ యట్రియం అల్యూమినియం గార్నెట్ (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3476943" /><span class="chemf nowrap">Ho:Cr:Tm:YAG</span>, లేదా<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3476943" /><span class="chemf nowrap">Ho,Cr,Tm:YAG</span> ) అనేది అధిక సామర్థ్యంతో కూడిన క్రియాశీల లేజర్ మాధ్యమ పదార్థం. ఇది 2080 nm లో ఇన్‌ఫ్రా-రెడ్‌లోప్రసరిస్తుంది. సైనిక అనువర్తనాలు, ఔషధం, వాతావరణ శాస్త్రంలో విస్తృతంగా ఉపయోగిస్తారు. సింగిల్-ఎలిమెంట్ థూలియం-డోప్డ్ YAG (Tm:YAG) లేజర్‌లు 2010nm లో పనిచేస్తాయి.  థూలియం-ఆధారిత లేజర్‌ల తరంగదైర్ఘ్యం గాలిలో లేదా నీటిలో కనిష్ట గడ్డకట్టే లోతుతో, కణజాలం యొక్క ఉపరితల అబ్లేషన్‌కు చాలా ప్రభావవంతంగా ఉంటుంది. ఇది లేజర్ ఆధారిత శస్త్రచికిత్స కోసం థూలియం లేజర్‌లను ఆకర్షణీయంగా చేస్తుంది. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="మూలాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.82.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>మూలాలు</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82&action=edit&section=7" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: మూలాలు"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4300226">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4342780">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ciaaw.org/thulium.htm">"Standard Atomic Weights: Thulium"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commission_on_Isotopic_Abundances_and_Atomic_Weights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">CIAAW</a>. 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+Atomic+Weights%3A+Thulium&rft.pub=CIAAW&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciaaw.org%2Fthulium.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW2021-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW2021_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780" /><cite id="CITEREFProhaskaIrrgeherBenefieldBöhlke2022" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/pac-2019-0603/html">"Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)"</a>. <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i> (in ఇంగ్లీష్). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603">10.1515/pac-2019-0603</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1365-3075">1365-3075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Standard+atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2021+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.date=2022-05-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603&rft.issn=1365-3075&rft.aulast=Prohaska&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Irrgeher%2C+Johanna&rft.au=Benefield%2C+Jacqueline&rft.au=B%C3%B6hlke%2C+John+K.&rft.au=Chesson%2C+Lesley+A.&rft.au=Coplen%2C+Tyler+B.&rft.au=Ding%2C+Tiping&rft.au=Dunn%2C+Philip+J.+H.&rft.au=Gr%C3%B6ning%2C+Manfred&rft.au=Holden%2C+Norman+E.&rft.au=Meijer%2C+Harro+A.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cloke1993-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cloke1993_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780" /><cite id="CITEREFCloke1993" class="citation journal cs1">Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". <i>Chem. Soc. Rev</i>. <b>22</b>: 17–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2FCS9932200017">10.1039/CS9932200017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chem.+Soc.+Rev.&rft.atitle=Zero+Oxidation+State+Compounds+of+Scandium%2C+Yttrium%2C+and+the+Lanthanides&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=17-24&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2FCS9932200017&rft.aulast=Cloke&rft.aufirst=F.+Geoffrey+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="Z3988"></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780" /><cite id="CITEREFArnoldPetrukhinaBochenkovShabatina2003" class="citation journal cs1">Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". <i>Journal of Organometallic Chemistry</i>. <b>688</b> (1–2): 49–55. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jorganchem.2003.08.028">10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Organometallic+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Arene+complexation+of+Sm%2C+Eu%2C+Tm+and+Yb+atoms%3A+a+variable+temperature+spectroscopic+investigation&rft.volume=688&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=49-55&rft.date=2003-12-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jorganchem.2003.08.028&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Polly+L.&rft.au=Petrukhina%2C+Marina+A.&rft.au=Bochenkov%2C+Vladimir+E.&rft.au=Shabatina%2C+Tatyana+I.&rft.au=Zagorskii%2C+Vyacheslav+V.&rft.au=Cloke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LnI-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LnI_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">La(I), Pr(I), Tb(I), Tm(I), and Yb(I) have been observed in MB<sub>8</sub><sup>−</sup> clusters; see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780" /><cite id="CITEREFLiChenChenLi2021" class="citation journal cs1">Li, Wan-Lu; Chen, Teng-Teng; Chen, Wei-Jia; Li, Jun; Wang, Lai-Sheng (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8578558">"Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes"</a>. <i>Nature Communications</i>. <b>12</b> (1): 6467. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-021-26785-9">10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8578558">8578558</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34753931">34753931</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=Monovalent+lanthanide%28I%29+in+borozene+complexes&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=6467&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8578558%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34753931&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41467-021-26785-9&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Wan-Lu&rft.au=Chen%2C+Teng-Teng&rft.au=Chen%2C+Wei-Jia&rft.au=Li%2C+Jun&rft.au=Wang%2C+Lai-Sheng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8578558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780" /><cite id="CITEREFHammond,_C._R.2000" class="citation book cs1">Hammond, C. R. (2000). "The Elements". <i>Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i> (81st ed.). CRC press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0-8493-0481-4" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0-8493-0481-4"><bdi>0-8493-0481-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Elements&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.edition=81st&rft.pub=CRC+press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8493-0481-4&rft.au=Hammond%2C+C.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-InorgChem-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-InorgChem_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780" /><cite id="CITEREFCatherine_E._HousecroftAlan_G._Sharpe2008" class="citation book cs1">Catherine E. Housecroft; Alan G. Sharpe (2008). "Chapter 25: The <i>f</i>-block metals: lanthanoids and actinoids". <i>Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd Edition</i>. Pearson. p. 864. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/978-0-13-175553-6" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/978-0-13-175553-6"><bdi>978-0-13-175553-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+25%3A+The+f-block+metals%3A+lanthanoids+and+actinoids&rft.btitle=Inorganic+Chemistry%2C+3rd+Edition&rft.pages=864&rft.pub=Pearson&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-13-175553-6&rft.au=Catherine+E.+Housecroft&rft.au=Alan+G.+Sharpe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/thulium/chemistry.html">"Chemical reactions of Thulium"</a>. Webelements<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chemical+reactions+of+Thulium&rft.pub=Webelements&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Fthulium%2Fchemistry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-history3_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780" /><cite id="CITEREFEmsley,_John2001" class="citation book cs1">Emsley, John (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yhi5X7OwuGkC&pg=PA442"><i>Nature's building blocks: an A-Z guide to the elements</i></a>. US: Oxford University Press. pp. 442–443. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0-19-850341-5" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0-19-850341-5"><bdi>0-19-850341-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+building+blocks%3A+an+A-Z+guide+to+the+elements&rft.place=US&rft.pages=442-443&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-850341-5&rft.au=Emsley%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYhi5X7OwuGkC%26pg%3DPA442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bellidecay-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bellidecay_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Belli (2019). "<i>Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays</i>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nudat-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Nudat_10-0">10.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Nudat_10-1">10.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780" /><cite id="CITEREFSonzogni" class="citation web cs1">Sonzogni, Alejandro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201121010223/https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/reCenter.jsp?z=69&n=97">"Untitled"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Nuclear_Data_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Nuclear Data Center (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">National Nuclear Data Center</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/reCenter.jsp?z=69&n=97">the original</a> on 2020-11-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Untitled&rft.pub=National+Nuclear+Data+Center&rft.aulast=Sonzogni&rft.aufirst=Alejandro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndc.bnl.gov%2Fnudat2%2FreCenter.jsp%3Fz%3D69%26n%3D97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_web" title="మూస:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|archivedate=</code> and <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> specified (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:CS1_errors#redundant_parameters" title="సహాయం:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|archiveurl=</code> and <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> specified (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:CS1_errors#redundant_parameters" title="సహాయం:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-history2_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780" /><cite id="CITEREFEmsley,_John2001" class="citation book cs1">Emsley, John (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yhi5X7OwuGkC&pg=PA442"><i>Nature's building blocks: an A-Z guide to the elements</i></a>. 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