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<span>Return of Soviet administration (1944–1945)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_of_Soviet_administration_(1944–1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Destruction_of_the_Polish_Underground_State" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destruction_of_the_Polish_Underground_State"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Destruction of the Polish Underground State</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Destruction_of_the_Polish_Underground_State-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_division_of_Polish_territories_during_World_War_II&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative division of Polish territories during World War II">Administrative division of Polish territories during World War II</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Division of <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">interwar Poland</a> <br /> by the occupying powers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background:#cbd7ff;"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland"><b>1939–41</b></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Occupation_of_Poland_1939.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Occupation_of_Poland_1939.png/266px-Occupation_of_Poland_1939.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Occupation_of_Poland_1939.png/399px-Occupation_of_Poland_1939.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Occupation_of_Poland_1939.png/532px-Occupation_of_Poland_1939.png 2x" data-file-width="2479" data-file-height="3354" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Fourth <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Partition of Poland">Partition of Poland</a> – aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Nazi–Soviet Pact</a>; division of Polish territories in the years 1939–1941</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background:#cbd7ff;"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa"><b>1941–44</b></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Occupation_of_Poland_1941.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Occupation_of_Poland_1941.png/266px-Occupation_of_Poland_1941.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Occupation_of_Poland_1941.png/399px-Occupation_of_Poland_1941.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Occupation_of_Poland_1941.png/532px-Occupation_of_Poland_1941.png 2x" data-file-width="2487" data-file-height="3307" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Changes in administration of Polish territories following the <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="German invasion of the Soviet Union">German invasion of the Soviet Union</a> in 1941. The map shows the state in 1944</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Subdivision of Polish territories during World War II</b> can be divided into several phases. The territories of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a> were first administered first by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> (in the west) and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (in the east), then (following <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">the German invasion of the Soviet Union</a>) in their entirety by Nazi Germany, and finally (following Soviet push westwards) by the Soviet Union again. In 1946, administrative control of the areas not annexed by the Soviet Union was returned to Poland. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Germany and the Soviet Union conquered Poland in 1939</a>, they partitioned the country. Germany took most of the ethnically Polish territory. <a href="/wiki/Polish_areas_annexed_by_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union">The area annexed by the Soviet Union</a> was ethnically diverse: Poles were the largest single ethnic group, but there were non-Polish majorities in some regions: <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> in the south and <a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a> in the north.<sup id="cite_ref-Gross_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gross-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these people had felt alienated in the interwar Poland and welcomed the Soviets.<sup id="cite_ref-Trela-Mazur_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trela-Mazur-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soviet_zone_(1939–1941)"><span id="Soviet_zone_.281939.E2.80.931941.29"></span>Soviet zone (1939–1941)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Polish_territories_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Soviet zone (1939–1941)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Polish_areas_annexed_by_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union">Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union</a></div> <p>By the end of the Polish Defensive War the Soviet Union had taken over 52.1% of the territory of Poland (circa 200,000 km<sup>2</sup>), with over 13,700,000 people. The estimates vary; Professor <a href="/wiki/El%C5%BCbieta_Trela-Mazur" title="Elżbieta Trela-Mazur">Elżbieta Trela-Mazur</a> gives the following numbers in regards to the ethnic composition of these areas: 38% Poles (ca. 5.1 million people), 37% Ukrainians, 14.5% Belarusians, 8.4% Jews, 0.9% Russians and 0.6% Germans. There were also 336,000 refugees from areas occupied by Germany, most of them Jews (198,000).<sup id="cite_ref-Trela-Mazur_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trela-Mazur-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Areas occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a> were <a href="/wiki/Polish_areas_annexed_by_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union">annexed to Soviet territory</a>, with the exception of area of <a href="/wiki/Wilno" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilno">Wilno</a>, which <a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania#The_deal_with_the_Soviets_(Soviet_armies_are_based_in_Lithuania),_1939" title="History of Lithuania">was transferred</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, although <a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania#First_Soviet_occupation_(1940–1941)" title="History of Lithuania">soon attached to USSR</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian SSR">Lithuania</a> became a <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">Soviet republic</a>. </p><p>Under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop pact</a>, adjusted by agreement on 28 September 1939, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, annexed all Polish territory east of the line of the rivers <a href="/wiki/Pisa_(River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisa (River)">Pisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narew" title="Narew">Narew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bug_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Bug River">Bug</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_River" class="mw-redirect" title="San River">San</a>, except for the area around Wilno (<a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>), which was given to <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki" title="Suwałki">Suwałki</a> region, which was annexed by Germany. These territories were largely inhabited by Ukrainians and Belarusians, with minorities of <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> (see exact numbers in <a href="/wiki/Curzon_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Curzon line">Curzon line</a>). The total area, including the area given to Lithuania, was 201,000 square kilometres, with a population of 13.5 million. A small strip of land that was part of <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> before 1914, was also given to <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="German_zone_(1939–1945)"><span id="German_zone_.281939.E2.80.931945.29"></span>German zone (1939–1945)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Polish_territories_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: German zone (1939–1945)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Annexation_of_selected_Polish_territories">Annexation of selected Polish territories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Polish_territories_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Annexation of selected Polish territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Polish_areas_annexed_by_Nazi_Germany" title="Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany">Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany</a></div> <p>Under the terms of two decrees by Hitler (8 October and 12 October 1939), large areas of western Poland were annexed to Germany. These included all the territories taken by Prussia in <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">Partitions of Poland</a> which Germany subsequently lost under the 1918 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Corridor" title="Polish Corridor">Polish Corridor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wielkopolska" class="mw-redirect" title="Wielkopolska">Wielkopolska</a>, as well as territories divided after plebiscites such as <a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesia" title="Upper Silesia">Upper Silesia</a>, as well as a large area east of these territories, including the city of <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a>. </p><p>The area of these annexed territories was 94,000 square kilometres and the population was about 10 million, the great majority of whom were Poles. The annexed parts were controlled by a German administration ruled by a Gauleiter, a system similar in practice to that of the Reich itself. Nearly 1 million Poles were expelled from this German ruled area, while 600,000 Germans from eastern Europe and 400,000 from the German Reich were settled there. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Nazi German administrative units </th> <th colspan="2">Annexed administrative units </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau" title="Reichsgau">Reichsgau</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gau_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gau (country subdivision)">Gau</a><br />(province) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirk</a> <br />(government region) </th> <th>Polish <a href="/wiki/Voivodeship" title="Voivodeship">voivodeship</a>/<br />State </th> <th>Counties </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Wartheland" title="Reichsgau Wartheland">Reichsgau Wartheland</a><br />(Warthegau)<br />initially Reichsgau Posen<sup id="cite_ref-Eberhardt_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eberhardt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Posen" class="mw-redirect" title="Regierungsbezirk Posen">Posen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Hohensalza" class="mw-redirect" title="Regierungsbezirk Hohensalza">Hohensalza</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Litzmannstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Regierungsbezirk Litzmannstadt">Litzmannstadt</a><sup>5</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84_Voivodeship_(1921%E2%80%931939)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poznań Voivodeship (1921–1939)">Poznań</a> </td> <td>all counties </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Łódź Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Łódź</a> </td> <td>most counties </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Pomeranian</a> </td> <td>five counties </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Warsaw</a> </td> <td>one county </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Danzig-West_Prussia" title="Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia">Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia</a><sup>1</sup><br />(Danzig-Westpreußen)<br />initially Reichsgau West Prussia </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Bromberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Regierungsbezirk Bromberg">Bromberg</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Danzig" class="mw-redirect" title="Regierungsbezirk Danzig">Danzig</a><sup>1</sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Marienwerder" class="mw-redirect" title="Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder">Marienwerder</a><sup>1</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Greater Pomeranian</a> </td> <td>most counties </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Free City of Danzig</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a><sup>1</sup><br />(Ostpreußen)<br />southernmost part<sup>2</sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Zichenau" class="mw-redirect" title="Regierungsbezirk Zichenau">Zichenau</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Gumbinnen" class="mw-redirect" title="Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen">Gumbinnen</a><sup>1</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Warsaw</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ciechan%C3%B3w" title="Ciechanów">Ciechanów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dzia%C5%82dowo" title="Działdowo">Działdowo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mak%C3%B3w_County" title="Maków County">Maków</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C5%82awa" title="Mława">Mława</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/P%C5%82ock" title="Płock">Płock</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C5%82o%C5%84sk" title="Płońsk">Płońsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Przasnysz" title="Przasnysz">Przasnysz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierpc" title="Sierpc">Sierpc</a>;<br />parts of <a href="/wiki/%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Łomża">Łomża</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ostro%C5%82%C4%99ka" title="Ostrołęka">Ostrołęka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pu%C5%82tusk" title="Pułtusk">Pułtusk</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Sochaczew" title="Sochaczew">Sochaczew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Białystok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki" title="Suwałki">Suwałki</a> and part of <a href="/wiki/August%C3%B3w" title="Augustów">Augustów</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bezirk_Bialystok" class="mw-redirect" title="Bezirk Bialystok">Bezirk Bialystok</a><br />(attached in 1941)<sup>6</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Białystok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bielsk_Podlaski" title="Bielsk Podlaski">Bielsk Podlaski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grajewo" title="Grajewo">Grajewo</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Łomża">Łomża</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Sok%C3%B3%C5%82ka" title="Sokółka">Sokółka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volkovysk" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkovysk">Volkovysk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grodno" title="Grodno">Grodno</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesia" title="Upper Silesia">(Upper) Silesia</a><sup>1,3</sup><br />(Oberschlesien)<br />easternmost part<sup>4</sup> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/East_Upper_Silesia" title="East Upper Silesia">Kattowitz</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Oppeln_(region)" title="Oppeln (region)">Oppeln</a><sup>1</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Silesian_Voivodeship" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship">Autonomous Silesian</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kielce_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Kielce Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Kielce</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sosnowiec" title="Sosnowiec">Sosnowiec</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C4%99dzin" title="Będzin">Będzin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zawiercie" title="Zawiercie">Zawiercie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olkusz" title="Olkusz">Olkusz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Kraków Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Kraków</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chrzan%C3%B3w" title="Chrzanów">Chrzanów</a>, <a href="/wiki/O%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cim" title="Oświęcim">Oświęcim</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBywiec" title="Żywiec">Żywiec</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><sup>1</sup> Gau or Regierungsbezirk only partially comprised annexed territory<br /> <p><sup>2</sup> the annexed parts are also referred to as "South East Prussia" (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Südostpreußen</i>)<br /> <sup>3</sup> Gau <a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesia" title="Upper Silesia">Upper Silesia</a> was created in 1941, before it was part of Gau <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Silesia" title="Province of Silesia">Silesia</a><br /> <sup>4</sup> the annexed parts are also referred to as "East Upper Silesia" (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Ostoberschlesien</i>)<br /> <sup>5</sup> named after the chief city, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Łódź</i>. The German equivalent <i>Lodz</i> was rendered to <i>Litzmannstadt</i> in 1940, thus the Regierungsbezirk's name was changed accordingly.<br /> <sup>6</sup> not incorporated into, but administered by Gau East Prussia, attached after the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Nazi German invasion of the Soviet Union, 1941</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation_of_General_Government">Creation of General Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Polish_territories_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Creation of General Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kundt,_Fischer,_Frank,_W%C3%A4chter,_Z%C3%B6rner,_Wendler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kundt%2C_Fischer%2C_Frank%2C_W%C3%A4chter%2C_Z%C3%B6rner%2C_Wendler.jpg/240px-Kundt%2C_Fischer%2C_Frank%2C_W%C3%A4chter%2C_Z%C3%B6rner%2C_Wendler.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kundt%2C_Fischer%2C_Frank%2C_W%C3%A4chter%2C_Z%C3%B6rner%2C_Wendler.jpg/360px-Kundt%2C_Fischer%2C_Frank%2C_W%C3%A4chter%2C_Z%C3%B6rner%2C_Wendler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kundt%2C_Fischer%2C_Frank%2C_W%C3%A4chter%2C_Z%C3%B6rner%2C_Wendler.jpg/480px-Kundt%2C_Fischer%2C_Frank%2C_W%C3%A4chter%2C_Z%C3%B6rner%2C_Wendler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2283" /></a><figcaption>Hans Frank with districts administrators in 1942 from left: Ernst Kundt, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Fischer" title="Ludwig Fischer">Ludwig Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Hans Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_W%C3%A4chter" title="Otto Wächter">Otto Wächter</a>, Ernst Zörner, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wendler" title="Richard Wendler">Richard Wendler</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Government_for_the_occupied_Polish_territories.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/General_Government_for_the_occupied_Polish_territories.png/240px-General_Government_for_the_occupied_Polish_territories.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/General_Government_for_the_occupied_Polish_territories.png/360px-General_Government_for_the_occupied_Polish_territories.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/General_Government_for_the_occupied_Polish_territories.png/480px-General_Government_for_the_occupied_Polish_territories.png 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="1735" /></a><figcaption>Administrative map of the General Government, August 1941</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a></div> <p>The remaining block of territory was placed under a German administration called the <a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a> (in German <i>Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete</i>), with its capital at <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>. The General Government was subdivided into four districts, <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_District" title="Warsaw District">Warsaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lublin_District" title="Lublin District">Lublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radom_District" title="Radom District">Radom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_District" title="Kraków District">Kraków</a> (<i>Distrikt Krakau</i>). </p><p>A German lawyer and prominent Nazi, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Hans Frank</a>, was appointed "Governor-General of the occupied Polish territories" on 26 October 1939. Frank oversaw the segregation of the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> into <a href="/wiki/Nazi_ghetto" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi ghetto">Nazi ghettos</a> in the larger cities, particularly Warsaw, and the use of Polish civilians as forced and slave labour in German war industries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_invasion_of_the_Soviet_Union">German invasion of the Soviet Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Polish_territories_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: German invasion of the Soviet Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>, the June 1941 German invasion of the Soviet Union, the Polish territories previously annexed to the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic">Byelorussian republics</a> were organized by the Germans as follows: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bezirk_Bialystok" class="mw-redirect" title="Bezirk Bialystok">Bezirk Bialystok</a></i> (district of <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a>), which included the <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bielsk_Podlaski" title="Bielsk Podlaski">Bielsk Podlaski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grajewo" title="Grajewo">Grajewo</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Łomża">Łomża</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sok%C3%B3%C5%82ka" title="Sokółka">Sokółka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volkovysk" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkovysk">Volkovysk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grodno" title="Grodno">Grodno</a> counties, which was "attached to" (but not incorporated into) <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Generalbezirk_Litauen" title="Generalbezirk Litauen">Generalbezirk Litauen</a></i> – the <a href="/wiki/Vilna_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilna Province">Vilna Province</a> was incorporated into <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, itself incorporated into the <i><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ostland" title="Reichskommissariat Ostland">Reichskommissariat Ostland</a></i>;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Generalbezirk_Weissruthenien" class="mw-redirect" title="Generalbezirk Weissruthenien">Generalbezirk Weißruthenien</a></i> – "<a href="/wiki/White_Ruthenia" title="White Ruthenia">White Ruthenia</a>" (the western section of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>) was incorporated into the <i><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ostland" title="Reichskommissariat Ostland">Reichskommissariat Ostland</a></i>;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ukraine#Geography" title="Reichskommissariat Ukraine">Generalbezirk Wolhynien und Podolien</a></i> – the Polish province of <a href="/wiki/Volhynia" title="Volhynia">Volhynia</a>, which was incorporated into the <i><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ukraine" title="Reichskommissariat Ukraine">Reichskommissariat Ukraine</a></i>; and</li> <li>East <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Central_Europe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Galicia (Central Europe)">Galicia</a>, which was incorporated into the General-Government and became its fifth district, the <a href="/wiki/Galician_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician District">Galician District</a> (<i>Distrikt Galizien</i>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_of_Soviet_administration_(1944–1945)"><span id="Return_of_Soviet_administration_.281944.E2.80.931945.29"></span>Return of Soviet administration (1944–1945)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Polish_territories_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Return of Soviet administration (1944–1945)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Polish_Committee_of_National_Liberation" title="Polish Committee of National Liberation">Polish Committee of National Liberation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape during the liberation of Poland">Rape during the liberation of Poland</a></div> <p>Soviet forces returned to former territories of the Second Polish Republic during the 1944 summer offensive, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration">Operation Bagration</a>, specifically in the <a href="/wiki/Lublin%E2%80%93Brest_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lublin–Brest Offensive">Lublin–Brest Offensive</a>), leading to <a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Vistula–Oder Offensive">Vistula–Oder Offensive</a> of 1945. However, in terms of international politics, a far more important victory was won by Joseph Stalin already in 1943, when the Western Allies yielded to his demands during the <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a>, for the annexation of eastern Poland by the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With full Soviet control and sponsorship, in July 1944, the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Committee_of_National_Liberation" title="Polish Committee of National Liberation">Polish Committee of National Liberation</a> (<i>Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego</i>, PKWN), a <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland">Polish provisional government</a> was formed. Its purpose was to administer the territories earmarked for the return to the newly reformed Poland. Starting with the communist decrees of 1946, the legal powers were passed on to local administration (see <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_of_People%27s_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative division of People's Republic of Poland">Administrative division of People's Republic of Poland</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-N-D_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N-D-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Destruction_of_the_Polish_Underground_State">Destruction of the Polish Underground State</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Polish_territories_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Destruction of the Polish Underground State"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout World War II, Poland had a unique underground administration maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Underground_State" title="Polish Underground State">Polish Underground State</a>. For regional divisions of Poland by the underground army known as <a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Armia Krajowa</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Home_Army#Regions" title="Home Army">areas and regions of operation.</a> Following the German surrender, Soviet agencies such as <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> and <a href="/wiki/SMERSH" title="SMERSH">SMERSH</a> proceeded to eliminate all structures originating from the prewar <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a>. Over 20,000 Poles, including the hero of <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Witold_Pilecki" title="Witold Pilecki">Witold Pilecki</a>, were murdered in communist prisons.<sup id="cite_ref-Rzecz_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rzecz-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Polish_territories_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="German military administration in occupied Poland">German military administration in occupied Poland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Polish_territories_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gross-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gross_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Tomasz_Gross" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Tomasz Gross">Jan Tomasz Gross</a>, <i>Revolution from Abroad</i>, pp. 4, 5, Princeton, 2005, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-09603-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-09603-1">0-691-09603-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trela-Mazur-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Trela-Mazur_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trela-Mazur_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElżbieta_Trela-Mazur1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/El%C5%BCbieta_Trela-Mazur" title="Elżbieta Trela-Mazur">Elżbieta Trela-Mazur</a> (1997). Włodzimierz Bonusiak; Stanisław Jan Ciesielski; Zygmunt Mańkowski; Mikołaj Iwanow (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wGq1AAAAIAAJ&q=ponad+38%25"><i>Sowietyzacja oświaty w Małopolsce Wschodniej pod radziecką okupacją 1939–1941</i></a>. Kielce: Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna im. Jana Kochanowskiego. p. 294. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8371331002" title="Special:BookSources/8371331002"><bdi>8371331002</bdi></a> – via Google Books. <q>Of the 13.5 million civilians living in <a href="/wiki/Polish_areas_annexed_by_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union">Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union</a> according to the last official Polish census, the population was over 38% Poles (5.1 million), 37% Polish Ukrainians (4.7 million), 14.5% Belarusians, 8.4% Jews, 0.9% Russians and 0.6% Germans.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sowietyzacja+o%C5%9Bwiaty+w+Ma%C5%82opolsce+Wschodniej+pod+radzieck%C4%85+okupacj%C4%85+1939%E2%80%931941&rft.place=Kielce&rft.pages=294&rft.pub=Wy%C5%BCsza+Szko%C5%82a+Pedagogiczna+im.+Jana+Kochanowskiego&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=8371331002&rft.au=El%C5%BCbieta+Trela-Mazur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwGq1AAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dponad%2B38%2525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubdivisions+of+Polish+territories+during+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eberhardt-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eberhardt_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Piotr Eberhardt, Political Migrations in Poland, 1939–1948, Warsaw 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111018004836/http://www.igipz.pan.pl/zpz/Political_migrations.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.igipz.pan.pl/zpz/Political_migrations.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.igipz.pan.pl%2Fzpz%2FPolitical_migrations.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubdivisions+of+Polish+territories+during+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span>: 10,568,000 people</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ryszard Kaczmarek Górnoślązacy i górnośląscy gauleiterzy Biuletyn IPN NR 6–7 (41–42) 2004 page 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Gellately2013" class="citation book cs1">Robert Gellately (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LpRdu-ytqNIC&pg=PA177"><i>Stalin's Curse: Battling for Communism in War and Cold War</i></a>. Oxford U.P. pp. 177–178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191644887" title="Special:BookSources/9780191644887"><bdi>9780191644887</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalin%27s+Curse%3A+Battling+for+Communism+in+War+and+Cold+War&rft.pages=177-178&rft.pub=Oxford+U.P.&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780191644887&rft.au=Robert+Gellately&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLpRdu-ytqNIC%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubdivisions+of+Polish+territories+during+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N-D-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N-D_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a>, <i>God's Playground: A History of Poland</i>. Vol 2. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>, 1982 and several reprints. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-05353-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-05353-3">0-231-05353-3</a> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-05351-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-05351-7">0-231-05351-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rzecz-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rzecz_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Rzeczpospolita_(newspaper)" title="Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)">Rzeczpospolita</a>, 02.10.04 Nr 232, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111106180531/http://www.rzeczpospolita.pl/specjal_041002/specjal_a_6.html">Wielkie polowanie: Prześladowania akowców w Polsce Ludowej</a></i> (Great hunt: the persecutions of AK soldiers in the People's Republic of Poland). Internet Archive.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Polish_territories_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rootsweb.com/~polwgw/p1939.gif">Map of Poland under German occupation</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Crown of the Polish Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_of_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_territories_after_partitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative division of Polish–Lithuanian territories after partitions">Partitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_of_Duchy_of_Warsaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative division of Duchy of Warsaw">Duchy of Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_of_Congress_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative division of Congress Poland">Congress Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistula_Land" title="Vistula Land">Privislinsky Krai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_of_the_Second_Polish_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative division of the Second 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