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(Kafarov)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladius_Kafarov" title="Palladius Kafarov – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Palladius Kafarov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pjotr_Iwanowitsch_Kafarow" title="Pjotr Iwanowitsch Kafarow – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pjotr Iwanowitsch Kafarow" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%81_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86" title="Πιότρ Καφάροφ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πιότρ Καφάροφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr_Kaf%C3%A1rov" title="Piotr Kafárov – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Piotr Kafárov" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr_Kafarov" title="Piotr Kafarov – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Piotr Kafarov" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB_(%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BE)" title="Պալլադի (Կաֆարով) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պալլադի (Կաֆարով)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladius_(Kafarov)" title="Palladius (Kafarov) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Palladius (Kafarov)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Петр Иванович Кафаров – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Петр Иванович Кафаров" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pjotr_Ivanovics_Kafarov" title="Pjotr Ivanovics Kafarov – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pjotr Ivanovics Kafarov" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="پالاديوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="پالاديوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pjotr_Kafarov" title="Pjotr Kafarov – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pjotr Kafarov" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3_(%E3%82%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95)" title="パルラディ (カファロフ) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パルラディ (カファロフ)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pjotr_Kafarov" title="Pjotr Kafarov – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pjotr Kafarov" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladiusz_(Kafarow)" title="Palladiusz (Kafarow) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Palladiusz (Kafarow)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Палладий (Кафаров) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Палладий (Кафаров)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladiy_(Kafarov)" title="Palladiy (Kafarov) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Palladiy (Kafarov)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Kafarov" title="Pyotr Kafarov – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pyotr Kafarov" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB" title="彼得·卡法罗夫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="彼得·卡法罗夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q370982#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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#b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" class="extiw" title="ru:Палладий (Кафаров)">the corresponding article</a> in Russian</b>.  <i><small>(March 2024)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at [[:ru:Палладий (Кафаров)]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|ru|Палладий (Кафаров)}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Palladius_(Kafarov)" title="Talk:Palladius (Kafarov)">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9.jpg/220px-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9.jpg/330px-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9.jpg/440px-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1002" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pyotr Ivanovich Kafarov</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Пётр Ива́нович Кафа́ров</span>, pre-<a href="/wiki/Reforms_of_Russian_orthography#Post-revolution_reform" title="Reforms of Russian orthography">reform</a> <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Петръ Ива́новичъ Кафа́ровъ</span></span>), also known by his monastic name <b>Palladius</b> (Pre-reform Russian: Палла́дій; Modern Russian: Палла́дий; 29 September 1817, <a href="/wiki/Chistopol" title="Chistopol">Chistopol</a> – 18 December 1878, <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>), was an early Russian <a href="/wiki/Sinology" title="Sinology">sinologist</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palladius_(Kafarov)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kafarov was born in the family of an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a>. He studied in <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a> <a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">seminary</a> and Saint-Petersbourg Academy, from which was sent to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Mission_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission (Christian)">Mission</a> in China. </p><p>Like his teacher <a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_(Bichurin)" title="Hyacinth (Bichurin)">Hyacinth (Bichurin)</a>, Palladius was a Russian Orthodox monk. During his stay in China, he discovered and published many invaluable manuscripts, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_History_of_the_Mongols" class="mw-redirect" title="The Secret History of the Mongols">The Secret History of the Mongols</a></i>. </p><p>During his scholarly career, Kafarov's works focused on Chinese linguistics, history, geography, and religion. Kafarov notably translated many Buddhist scriptures from Chinese, Mongolian, and Tibetan. Kafarov also studied the history of Christianity in imperial China and helped pioneer the study of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Chinese Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For more than three decades, <a href="/wiki/Archimandrite" title="Archimandrite">Archimandrite</a> Palladius headed the Russian Orthodox mission in China<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and held ethnographic and linguistic research there. </p><p>Kafarov designed a <a href="/wiki/Cyrillization" title="Cyrillization">Cyrillization</a> system for the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese language</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Chinese_from_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillization of Chinese from Pinyin">Palladius system</a>. This system has remained the basis for official transcription of Chinese personal and geographical names in Russia ever since. </p><p>The <i>Chinese-Russian Dictionary</i> composed by <a href="/wiki/Archimandrite" title="Archimandrite">Archimandrite</a> Palladius remains a well-known work even today. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palladius_(Kafarov)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>《漢俄合璧韻編》掌院修士巴第遺篇，1888年，北京同文舘 (<i>Chinese-Russian Dictionary</i> by Archimandrite Palladius, 1888, <a href="/wiki/Tongwen_Guan" title="Tongwen Guan">Tungwen Guan</a>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/11888">Volume 1</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/漢俄合璧韻編.html?id=yRo-PwAACAAJ">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/21888">Volume 2</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GYpPAAAAYAAJ">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7oQrAAAAYAAJ">1896 edition</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palladius_(Kafarov)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Chinese" title="Cyrillization of Chinese">Cyrillization of Chinese</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jOA5NxDIbfYC&pg=PA1">«Elucidations of the Marco Polo’s Travels in North-China»</a> («Journal of the North-China Branch of the R. As. Soc.», vol. X, 1876)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6kU9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA142">«The Road from Beijing to Blagoveschinsk»</a> (The journal of the Royal Geographic Society of London, Volume 42, J. Murray, 1872)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palladius_(Kafarov)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTuoheti2021" class="citation book cs1">Tuoheti, Alimu (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LrVkzgEACAAJ"><i>Islam in China: A History of European and American Scholarship</i></a>. Gorgias Press LLC. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4632-4329-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4632-4329-6"><bdi>978-1-4632-4329-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+in+China%3A+A+History+of+European+and+American+Scholarship&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Gorgias+Press+LLC&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-4632-4329-6&rft.aulast=Tuoheti&rft.aufirst=Alimu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLrVkzgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalladius+%28Kafarov%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>"Путешественник - Архимандрит Палладий Кафаров", Russian "СМ номер один" Magazine, September 2005, in Russian</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div 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