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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Murad II</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>: <span lang="ota" dir="rtl">مراد ثانى</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ottoman_Turkish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ottoman Turkish">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ottoman Turkish-language romanization"><i lang="ota-Latn">Murād-ı <u>s</u>ānī</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">II. Murad</i>; June 1404<sup id="cite_ref-tdv_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tdv-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 3 February 1451) was twice the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of the Ottoman Empire">sultan of the Ottoman Empire</a>, from 1421 to 1444 and from 1446 to 1451. </p><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Murad II</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Ghazi_(warrior)" title="Ghazi (warrior)">Ghazi</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Paolo_Veronese_(Nachfolger)_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg/220px-Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg/330px-Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg/440px-Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="859"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Painting by <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Veronese" title="Paolo Veronese">Paolo Veronese</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 16th century</span></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of the Ottoman Empire">Sultan of the Ottoman Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Padishah" title="Padishah">Padishah</a>)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First reign</th><td class="infobox-data">26 May 1421 – August 1444</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Mehmed I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Second reign</th><td class="infobox-data">September 1446 – 3 February 1451</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">Mehmed II</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data">Mehmed II</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">June 1404<sup id="cite_ref-tdv_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tdv-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br><a href="/wiki/Amasya" title="Amasya">Amasya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Sultanate">Ottoman Sultanate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">3 February 1451<span style="display:none">(1451-02-03)</span> (aged 46)<br><a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a>, Ottoman Sultanate</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Muradiye_Complex" title="Muradiye Complex">Muradiye Complex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a>, Turkey</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consorts</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatice_Halime_Hatun" title="Hatice Halime Hatun">Hatice Halime Hatun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCma_Hatun" title="Hüma Hatun">Hüma Hatun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_Brankovi%C4%87" title="Mara Branković">Mara Hatun</a></li> <li>Yeni Hatun</li> <li>Hundi Ümmügülsüm Hatun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halime_Hatice_Hatun#After_her_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Halime Hatice Hatun">Hatice Hatun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Sons">Among others</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Murad bin Mehemmed Han<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_dynasty" title="Ottoman dynasty">Ottoman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Mehmed I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emine_Hatun" title="Emine Hatun">Emine Hatun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tughra" title="Tughra">Tughra</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Murad II's signature"><img alt="Murad II's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg/125px-Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg/188px-Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg/250px-Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="229"></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Reign"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Reign</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Accession_and_first_reign"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Accession and first reign</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Abdication_and_second_reign"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Abdication and second reign</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#As_ghazi_sultan"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">As ghazi sultan</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Economy"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Economy</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Appearance"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Appearance</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Family"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Family</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Consorts"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Consorts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Sons"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sons</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Daughters"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Daughters</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Portrayals"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Portrayals</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_II&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Murad was born in June 1404 to <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Mehmed I</a>, while the identity of his mother is disputed according to various accounts. According to 15th century historian <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkrullah" title="Şükrullah">Şükrullah</a>, Murad's mother was a concubine. Hüseyin Hüsâmeddin Yasar, an early 20th century historian, wrote in his work <i>Amasya Tarihi</i> that his mother was Şahzade Hatun, daughter of Divitdar Ahmed Pasha.<sup id="cite_ref-tdv_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tdv-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historians İsmail Hami Danişmend, and <a href="/wiki/Heath_W._Lowry" title="Heath W. Lowry">Heath W. Lowry</a>, his mother was <a href="/wiki/Emine_Hatun" title="Emine Hatun">Emine Hatun</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Dulkadirids" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulkadirids">Dulkadirid</a> princess.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He spent his early childhood in <a href="/wiki/Amasya" title="Amasya">Amasya</a>. In 1410, Murad came along with his father to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman capital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a>. After his father ascended to the Ottoman throne, he made Murad governor of the Amasya <a href="/wiki/Sanjak" title="Sanjak">Sanjak</a>. Murad remained at Amasya until the death of <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Mehmed I</a> in 1421. He was solemnly recognized as <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultan</a> of the Ottoman Sultanate at sixteen years of age, girded with the <a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Osman" title="Sword of Osman">Sword of Osman</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a>, and the troops and officers of the state willingly paid homage to him as their sovereign. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_II&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reign" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accession_and_first_reign">Accession and first reign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_II&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Accession and first reign" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hunername_138a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hunername_138a.jpg/200px-Hunername_138a.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="286" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="1118"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 286px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hunername_138a.jpg/200px-Hunername_138a.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="286" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hunername_138a.jpg/300px-Hunername_138a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hunername_138a.jpg/400px-Hunername_138a.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Sultan Murad II at archery practice (miniature painting from 1584)</figcaption></figure> <p>Murad's reign was troubled by insurrection early on. The <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> Emperor, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_Palaiologos" title="Manuel II Palaiologos">Manuel II</a>, released the 'pretender'<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_%C3%87elebi" title="Mustafa Çelebi">Mustafa Çelebi</a> (known as Düzmece Mustafa) from confinement and acknowledged him as the legitimate heir to the throne of <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a> (1389–1402). The Byzantine Emperor had first secured a stipulation that Mustafa should, if successful, repay him for his liberation by giving up a large number of important cities. The pretender was landed by the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> galleys in the European dominion of the sultan and for a time made rapid progress. Many Ottoman soldiers joined him, and he defeated and killed the veteran general <a href="/wiki/Bayazid_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayazid Pasha">Bayazid Pasha</a>, whom Murad had sent to fight him. Mustafa defeated Murad's army and declared himself Sultan of <a href="/wiki/Adrianople" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrianople">Adrianople</a> (<a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a>). He then crossed the <a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Dardanelles</a> to Asia with a large army but Murad out-manoeuvered Mustafa. Mustafa's force passed over in large numbers to Murad II. Mustafa took refuge in the city of <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli" title="Gallipoli">Gallipoli</a>, but the sultan, who was greatly aided by a <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoese</a> commander named Adorno, besieged him there and stormed the place. Mustafa was taken and put to death by the sultan, who then turned his arms against the Roman emperor and declared his resolution to punish the <a href="/wiki/Palaiologos" title="Palaiologos">Palaiologos</a> for their unprovoked enmity by the capture of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Murad_II_and_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_of_Poland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Murad_II_and_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_of_Poland.jpg/220px-Murad_II_and_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_of_Poland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="351" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1975" data-file-height="3150"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 351px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Murad_II_and_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_of_Poland.jpg/220px-Murad_II_and_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_of_Poland.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="351" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Murad_II_and_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_of_Poland.jpg/330px-Murad_II_and_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_of_Poland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Murad_II_and_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_of_Poland.jpg/440px-Murad_II_and_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_of_Poland.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Murad II and <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_of_Poland" title="Władysław III of Poland">Władysław III of Poland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Murad II then formed a new army called <a href="/wiki/Azeb" title="Azeb">Azeb</a> in 1421 and marched through the Byzantine Empire and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Constantinople_(1422)" title="Siege of Constantinople (1422)">laid siege to Constantinople</a>. While Murad was besieging the city, the Byzantines, in league with some independent <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkish</a> <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolian</a> states, sent the sultan's younger brother <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Mustafa" title="Küçük Mustafa">Küçük Mustafa</a> (who was only 13 years old) to rebel against the sultan and besiege <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a>. Murad had to abandon the siege of Constantinople in order to deal with his rebellious brother. He caught Prince Mustafa and executed him. The Anatolian states that had been constantly plotting against him — <a href="/wiki/Aydinids" title="Aydinids">Aydinids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germiyanids" title="Germiyanids">Germiyanids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menteshe" title="Menteshe">Menteshe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Teke" title="Beylik of Teke">Teke</a> — were annexed and henceforth became part of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Sultanate">Ottoman Sultanate</a>. </p><p>Murad II then declared war against <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Karamanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Karamanid">Karamanid</a> Emirate, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>. The Karamanids were defeated in 1428 and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a> withdrew in 1432 following the defeat at the second <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Thessalonica_(1422%E2%80%931430)" title="Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430)">Siege of Thessalonica</a> in 1430. In the 1430s Murad captured vast territories in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> and succeeded in annexing Serbia in 1439. In 1441 the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> joined the <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbian</a>-Hungarian coalition. Murad II won the <a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">Crusade of Varna</a> in 1444 against <a href="/wiki/John_Hunyadi" title="John Hunyadi">John Hunyadi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abdication_and_second_reign">Abdication and second reign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_II&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Abdication and second reign" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Murad II relinquished his throne<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1444 to his son <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a>, but a <a href="/wiki/Janissary" title="Janissary">Janissary</a> revolt<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the Empire forced him to return. </p><p>In 1448 he defeated the Christian coalition at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Kosovo">Second Battle of Kosovo</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">first one</a> took place in 1389).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the <a href="/wiki/Balkan" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan">Balkan</a> front was secured, Murad II turned east to defeat <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a>'s son, <a href="/wiki/Shah_Rukh_(Timurid_dynasty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Rukh (Timurid dynasty)">Shah Rokh</a>, and the emirates of <a href="/wiki/Karamanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Karamanid">Karamanid</a> and Çorum-Amasya.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1450 Murad II led his army into <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> and unsuccessfully <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1450)" title="Siege of Krujë (1450)">besieged</a> the <a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Kruj%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle of Krujë">Castle of Krujë</a> in an effort to defeat the resistance led by <a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg" title="Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg</a>. In the winter of 1450–1451, Murad II fell ill, and died in <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a>. He was succeeded by his son Mehmed II (1451–1481). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_ghazi_sultan">As ghazi sultan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_II&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: As ghazi sultan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>When Murad ascended the throne, he sought to regain lost Ottoman territories that had reverted to autonomy following his grandfather <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a>'s defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara" title="Battle of Ankara">Battle of Ankara</a> in 1402 at the hands of <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a>. He needed the support of both the public and the nobles "who would enable him to exercise his rule", and utilized the old and potent Islamic trope of the <i>ghazi king</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to gain popular international support for his conquests, Murad II modeled himself after the legendary <i>Ghazi</i> kings of old. The Ottomans already presented themselves as <a href="/wiki/Ghazi_(warrior)" title="Ghazi (warrior)"><i>ghazis</i></a>, painting their origins as rising from the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_thesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza thesis"><i>ghazas</i> of Osman, the founder of the dynasty</a>. For them, <i>ghaza</i> was the noble championing of Islam and justice against non-Muslims and Muslims alike, if they were cruel; for example, Bayezid I labeled Timur Lang, also a Muslim, an apostate prior to the Battle of Ankara because of the violence his troops had committed upon innocent civilians and because "all you do is to break promises and vows, shed blood, and violate the honor of women."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Murad II only had to capitalize on this dynastic inheritance of doing <i>ghaza</i>, which he did by actively crafting the public image of Ghazi Sultan. </p><p>After his accession, there was a flurry of translating and compiling activity where old Persian, Arab, and Anatolian epics were translated into Turkish so Murad II could uncover the <i>ghazi king</i> legends.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He drew from the noble behavior of the nameless <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphs</a> in the <i>Battalname</i>, an epic about a fictional Arab warrior who fought against the Byzantines, and modelled his actions on theirs.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was careful to embody the simplicity, piety, and noble sense of justice that was part of the <i>ghazi king</i> persona. </p><p>For example, the Caliph in <i>Battalname</i> saw the battle turning in his enemy's favor, and got down from his horse and prayed, after which the battle ended in a victory for him. In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Battle of Varna</a> in 1444, Murad II saw the Hungarians gaining the upper hand, and he got down from his horse and prayed just like the Caliph. The tide soon turned in the Ottoman's favor and <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_of_Poland" title="Władysław III of Poland">Władysław III of Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Hungary" title="King of Hungary">King of Hungary</a>, was killed in a charge.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the Caliph in the epic roused his warriors by saying "Those of you who die will be martyrs. Those of you who kill will be ghazis"; before the Battle of Varna, Murad II repeated these words to his army, saying "Those of us who kill will be ghazis; those of us who die will be martyrs."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In another instance, since the <i>ghazi king</i> is meant to be just and fair, when Murad took <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessalonica</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, he took care to keep the troops in check and prevented widespread looting.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, just as the fictional Caliph's ghazas were immortalized in <i>Battalname</i>, Murad II's battles and victories were also compiled and given the title "The <i>Ghazas</i> of Sultan Murad" (<i>Gazavat- i Sultan Murad)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Murad II successfully painted himself as a simple soldier who did not partake in royal excesses, and as a noble ghazi sultan who sought to consolidate Muslim power against non-Muslims such as the Venetians and Hungarians. Through this self-presentation, he got the support of the Muslim population of not only the Ottoman territories, for both himself and his extensive, expensive campaigns, but also the greater Muslim populations in the <a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_world_in_Islam" title="Divisions of the world in Islam">Dar-al-Islam</a> – such as the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluks</a> and the Muslim <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanates</a> of India. Murad II was basically presenting himself not only as "a <i>ghazi king</i> who fights caffres [non-muslims], but also serves as protector and master of lesser <i>ghazis</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy">Economy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_II&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Murad II's reign saw a period of great economic development, with an increase in trade and a considerable expansion of Ottoman cities. In 1432, the traveller <a href="/wiki/Bertrandon_de_la_Broqui%C3%A8re" title="Bertrandon de la Broquière">Bertrandon de la Broquière</a> noted that Ottoman annual revenue had increased to 2,500,000 <a href="/wiki/Ducats" class="mw-redirect" title="Ducats">ducats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Appearance">Appearance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_II&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Appearance" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Bertrandon de la Broquière met with Murad II in Adrianople, and described him in the following terms:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the first place, as I have seen him frequently, I shall say that he is a little, short, thick man, with the physiognomy of a <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tartar</a>. He has a broad and brown face, high cheek bones, a round beard, a great and crooked nose, with little eyes.</p></blockquote> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_II&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Family" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consorts">Consorts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_II&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Consorts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Murad II had at least six consorts:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatice_Halime_Hatun" title="Hatice Halime Hatun">Tacünnisa Hatice Halime Hatun</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1410</span> – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1440</span>), daughter of <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sfendiyar_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="İsfendiyar Bey">İsfendiyar Bey</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Candar" class="mw-redirect" title="Beylik of Candar">Beylik of Candar</a>. Also known as Alime Hatun or Sultan Hatun. She married Murad in 1425.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCma_Hatun" title="Hüma Hatun">Hüma Hatun</a> (? – September 1449). Mother of Mehmed II. There are several theories as to her origin, according to differing accounts, she was either of Italian and/or Jewish,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slavic, most likely <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serb</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> origins.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_Brankovi%C4%87" title="Mara Branković">Mara Despina Hatun</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1420 – 14 September 1487), born Mara Branković, daughter of Despot of Serbia <a href="/wiki/%C4%90ura%C4%91_Brankovi%C4%87" title="Đurađ Branković">Durad Branković</a>. She married Murad in September 1435 and was his legal wife. She never converted to Islam and remained a Christian. In Europe she became known as the <i>Sultanina</i> or <i>Sultana Maria</i>. Considered the "adoptive mother" of Mehmed II, who held her in very high regard and call her "mother" in official documents.</li> <li>Yeni Hatun, daughter of Şadgeldi Paşahzade Mustafa Bey of the <a href="/wiki/Beyliks_of_Canik#Tacettino%C4%9Fullar%C4%B1" title="Beyliks of Canik">Kutluşah</a> of <a href="/wiki/Amasya" title="Amasya">Amasya</a>.</li> <li>Hundi Ümmügülsüm Hatun (? – 14 February 1486). According to some sources, she was two distinct consorts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatice_Halime_Hatun#After_her_death" title="Hatice Halime Hatun">Hatice Hatun</a>, daughter of Taceddin Ibrahim II Bey, son of İsfendiyar Bey (brother of <a href="/wiki/Hatice_Halime_Hatun" title="Hatice Halime Hatun">Hatice Halime Hatun</a>) and his first wife.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She married Murad following her aunt's death and was the mother of Şehzade Küçük Ahmed. After the death of Murad II her son was executed on the orders of Mehmed II. Mehmed subsequently forced her to marry <a href="/wiki/Ishak_Pasha" title="Ishak Pasha">Ishak Pasha</a>, with whom she had others eight children.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sons">Sons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_II&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sons" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Murad II was the sultan who conferred on his sons and their male descendants the title of <i><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade" title="Şehzade">Şehzade</a></i>, meaning "<i>descendant of the Şah</i>", replacing the simple honorific of <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%87elebi_(title)" title="Çelebi (title)">Çelebi</a></i>. The title of Şehzade remained in use until the abolition of the Ottoman Empire. </p><p>Murad II had at least eight sons: </p> <ul><li>Şehzade Ahmed (1419–1420), also known as <i>Büyük</i> Ahmed (Ahmed the Elder). Buried with his father.</li> <li>Şehzade Alaeddin Ali (1425 – June 1443) – with Hundi Ümmügülsüm Hatun.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Murad's favorite son, he was <a href="/wiki/Sanjak-bey" title="Sanjak-bey">governor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manisa" title="Manisa">Manisa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amasya" title="Amasya">Amasya</a>. In 1443 he took part in the expedition of <a href="/wiki/Karaman" title="Karaman">Karaman</a> and died on his way back from a fall from his horse. Buried with his father in <a href="/wiki/Muradiye_Complex" title="Muradiye Complex">Muradiye Complex</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a>. He had a known consort, Yeni Hatun, and two sons: Şehzade Giyaşüddin (1441–1445) and Şehzade Taceddin (1442–1443).</li> <li>Şehzade Isfendiyâr (1425–1425) – with Halime Hatun</li> <li>Şehzade Hüseyn (? – 1439). Died young</li> <li>Şehzade Orhan (? – 1441). Died young</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a> (1432–1481) – with Hüma Hatun. Mehmed succeeded his father as <a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire">Sultan of the Ottoman Empire</a> and was to become known by the epithet <i>Fâtih</i> ("the Conqueror") following his successful <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">conquest of Constantinople</a> in 1453.</li> <li>Şehzade Hasan (? – 1444). Died young</li> <li>Şehzade Ahmed (May 1450 – 18 February 1451) – with Hatice Hatun. Also known as <i>Küçük</i> <i>Ahmed</i> (Ahmed the Younger). Killed on the orders of Mehmed II while his was mother congratulated Mehmed on his accession to the throne. Mehmed was to subsequently legalize this act with the promulgation of the "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Fratricide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Fratricide (page does not exist)">Law of Fratricide</a>".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daughters">Daughters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_II&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Daughters" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Murad II had at least six daughters: </p> <ul><li>Hundi Hatun (1423 – ?) – with Hundi Ümmügülsüm Hatun.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also known as Erhundi Hatun. She first married Mirahur İlyas Bey and later Yaqub Bey, royal tutor of <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Cem" class="mw-redirect" title="Şehzade Cem">Şehzade Cem</a>, son of Mehmed II.</li> <li>Hatice Hatun (1425 – after 1470) – with Hüma Hatun.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She married Candaroğlu İsmail Kemaleddin Bey and had three sons: Hasan Bey (who married his cousin Kamerhan Hatun, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a>, and had a daughter, Hanzade Hatun), Yahya Bey and Mahmud Bey. Her descendants were still alive during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Abdulmejid_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmejid I">Abdulmejid I</a> in the 19th century. In August 1470, she remarried with Isa Bey. When she died, she was buried with her father.</li> <li>Hafsa Hatun (1426 – ?). She married her cousin Karamanoğlu Kaya Bey, son of her aunt Ilaldi Sultan Hatun, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Mehmed I</a>, by her husband <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_II_of_Karaman" title="Ibrahim II of Karaman">Ibrahim II of Karaman</a>. They had a son, Karamanoğlu Kasim Bey.</li> <li>Fatma Hatun (1430 – after 1464) – with Hüma Hatun.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She married <a href="/wiki/Zaganos_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaganos Pasha">Zaganos Pasha</a> and had two sons: Hamza Bey and Ahmed Çelebi, who would become an important adviser to his cousin <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_II" title="Bayezid II">Bayezid II</a>. After divorced in 1462, she married Mahmud Çelebi.</li> <li>Şahzade Selçuk Hatun (1430 – 21 October 1480). She was married twice, first to Güveyi Karaça Paşah (d. 1456) and then to Yusuf Sinaneddin Paşah (d. 1486). She was buried with her father, next to Şehzade Alaeddin Ali.</li> <li>Ilaldi Hatun. She married Kasim Bey, of the <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sfendiyaro%C4%9Fullar%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="İsfendiyaroğulları">İsfendiyaroğulları</a></i> of Sinop.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Portrayals">Portrayals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_II&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Portrayals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Murad II is portrayed by İlker Kurt in 2012 film <i><a href="/wiki/Fetih_1453" title="Fetih 1453">Fetih 1453</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Vahram_Papazian" title="Vahram Papazian">Vahram Papazian</a> in the Albanian movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Warrior_Skanderbeg" title="The Great Warrior Skanderbeg">The Great Warrior Skanderbeg</a></i> in 1953, by Tolga Tekin in the 2020 Netflix series <i><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_Empires:_Ottoman" title="Rise of Empires: Ottoman">Rise of Empires: Ottoman</a></i>, and by <a href="/wiki/Teoman_Kumbarac%C4%B1ba%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Teoman Kumbaracıbaşı">Teoman Kumbaracibaşı</a> in 2024 series <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmed:_Fetihler_Sultan%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmed: Fetihler Sultanı (page does not exist)">Mehmed: Fetihler Sultanı</a></i>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_II&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tdv-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tdv_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tdv_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tdv_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFInalcik2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Inalcik, Halil (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/murad-ii">"Murad II"</a>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 31 (Muhammedi̇yye – Münâzara)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Religious_Affairs" title="Presidency of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. <span class="nowrap">164–</span>172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-458-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-458-6"><bdi>978-975-389-458-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Murad+II&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+31+%28Muhammedi%CC%87yye+%E2%80%93+M%C3%BCn%C3%A2zara%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E164-%3C%2Fspan%3E172&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-975-389-458-6&rft.aulast=Inalcik&rft.aufirst=Halil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fmurad-ii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurad+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Avery Plaw, (2012), <i>The Metamorphosis of War</i>, p. 128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSakaoğlu2015" class="citation book cs1">Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2015). <i>Bu Mülkün Sultanları</i>. Alfa Yayıncılık. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-6-051-71080-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-6-051-71080-8"><bdi>978-6-051-71080-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bu+M%C3%BClk%C3%BCn+Sultanlar%C4%B1&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Alfa+Yay%C4%B1nc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-6-051-71080-8&rft.aulast=Sakao%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=Necdet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurad+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Çağatay_Uluçay1992" class="citation book cs1">M. Çağatay Uluçay (1992). <i>Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları</i>. Ankara : Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevı. pp. 27 n. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-751-60461-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-751-60461-3"><bdi>978-9-751-60461-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Padi%C5%9Fahlar%C4%B1n+Kad%C4%B1nlar%C4%B1+ve+K%C4%B1zlar%C4%B1&rft.pages=27+n.+2&rft.pub=Ankara+%3A+T%C3%BCrk+Tarih+Kurumu+Bas%C4%B1mev%C4%B1&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-9-751-60461-3&rft.au=M.+%C3%87a%C4%9Fatay+Ulu%C3%A7ay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurad+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeath_W._Lowry2003" class="citation book cs1">Heath W. Lowry (2003). <i>The Nature of the Early Ottoman State</i>. Albany: SUNY Press. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-8726-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-8726-6"><bdi>978-0-7914-8726-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nature+of+the+Early+Ottoman+State&rft.place=Albany&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-8726-6&rft.au=Heath+W.+Lowry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurad+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finkel, C., <i>Osman's Dream:The History of the Ottoman Empire</i>, Osman 2005, p. 43, Basic Books</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Murad-II">"Murad II | Ottoman sultan"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Murad+II+%7C+Ottoman+sultan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FMurad-II&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurad+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kafadar, Cemal, <i>Between Two Worlds</i>, University of California Press, 1996, p. xix. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-20600-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-20600-2">0-520-20600-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mesut Uyar and Edward J. Erickson, <i>A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk</i>, (ABC-CLIO, 2009), 29. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkel2007" class="citation book cs1">Finkel, Caroline (2007). <i>Osman's Dream</i>. New York and London: Basic Books. pp. 39, 41, 46.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Osman%27s+Dream&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=39%2C+41%2C+46&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Finkel&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurad+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnooshahr2009" class="citation book cs1">Anooshahr, Ali (2009). <i>The Ghazi Sultans and the Frontiers of Islam</i>. New York and London: Routledge. pp. 123, <span class="nowrap">142–</span>143, <span class="nowrap">150–</span>151, 164.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ghazi+Sultans+and+the+Frontiers+of+Islam&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=123%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E142-%3C%2Fspan%3E143%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E150-%3C%2Fspan%3E151%2C+164&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Anooshahr&rft.aufirst=Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurad+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalil_İnalcık1973" class="citation book cs1">Halil İnalcık (1973). <i>The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300–1600</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">21–</span>22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ottoman+Empire%3A+The+Classical+Age+1300%E2%80%931600&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E21-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=1973&rft.au=Halil+%C4%B0nalc%C4%B1k&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurad+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVryonis1971" class="citation book cs1">Vryonis, Speros Jr (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vryonis-1971-dmh/Vryonis_1971_DMH/page/278/mode/2up?q=tartar"><i>The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century</i></a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 278.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Decline+of+Medieval+Hellenism+in+Asia+Minor+and+the+Process+of+Islamization+from+the+Eleventh+through+the+Fifteenth+Century&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=278&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Vryonis&rft.aufirst=Speros+Jr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvryonis-1971-dmh%2FVryonis_1971_DMH%2Fpage%2F278%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dtartar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurad+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franz Babinger, <i>Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time</i>, (Princeton University Press, 1978), 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Necdet Sakaoğlu, <i>Famous Ottoman Women</i>, (Avea, 2007), 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murat Iyigun, <i>War, Peace, and Prosperity in the Name of God</i>, (University of Chicago Press, 2015), 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter F. Sugar, <i>A History of East Central Europe: Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354–1804</i>, Vol. 5, (University of Washington Press, 1996), 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranz_Babinger1992" class="citation book cs1">Franz Babinger (1992). <i>Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time</i>. Princeton University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">11–</span>12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-01078-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-01078-6"><bdi>978-0-691-01078-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mehmed+the+Conqueror+and+His+Time&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-691-01078-6&rft.au=Franz+Babinger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurad+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowry2003" class="citation book cs1">Lowry, Heath W. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55896257"><i>The nature of the early Ottoman state</i></a>. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4175-2407-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-4175-2407-3"><bdi>1-4175-2407-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/55896257">55896257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+nature+of+the+early+Ottoman+state&rft.place=Albany&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F55896257&rft.isbn=1-4175-2407-3&rft.aulast=Lowry&rft.aufirst=Heath+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F55896257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurad+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAfyoncu2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Afyoncu, Erhan (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BYNPAQAAIAAJ"><i>Truva'nın intikamı: Fatih Sultan Mehmed ve İstanbul'un fethi'nin bilinmeyen yönleri</i></a> (in Turkish). Yeditepe Yayınevi. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-605-4052-11-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-605-4052-11-0"><bdi>978-605-4052-11-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Truva%27n%C4%B1n+intikam%C4%B1%3A+Fatih+Sultan+Mehmed+ve+%C4%B0stanbul%27un+fethi%27nin+bilinmeyen+y%C3%B6nleri&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Yeditepe+Yay%C4%B1nevi&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-605-4052-11-0&rft.aulast=Afyoncu&rft.aufirst=Erhan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBYNPAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurad+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi_TangDietmar_W._Winkler2013" class="citation book cs1">Li Tang; Dietmar W. Winkler (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VYaMuV3N5vUC&pg=PA308"><i>From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia</i></a>. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 308. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-643-90329-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-643-90329-7"><bdi>978-3-643-90329-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Oxus+River+to+the+Chinese+Shores%3A+Studies+on+East+Syriac+Christianity+in+China+and+Central+Asia&rft.pages=308&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag+M%C3%BCnster&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-643-90329-7&rft.au=Li+Tang&rft.au=Dietmar+W.+Winkler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVYaMuV3N5vUC%26pg%3DPA308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurad+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollmann2017" class="citation book cs1">Hollmann, Joshua (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/965535039"><i>The religious concordance : Nicholas of Cusa and Christian-Muslim dialogue</i></a>. Leiden. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-32677-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-32677-4"><bdi>978-90-04-32677-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/965535039">965535039</a>. <q>Mehmed's maternal ancestry is shrouded in mystery. Franz Babinger notes that his mother was a 'slave', which ensures that she was not of Turkish origin, and that she probably was of Greek descent (Franz Babinger, Mehmed the Conqueror and his Time, edited by William C. Hickman and translated by Ralph Manheim, Bollingen Series xcvi (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978), 12).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+religious+concordance+%3A+Nicholas+of+Cusa+and+Christian-Muslim+dialogue&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=116&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F965535039&rft.isbn=978-90-04-32677-4&rft.aulast=Hollmann&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F965535039&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurad+II" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The second was <a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%A7uk_Hatun" title="Selçuk Hatun">Selçuk Hatun</a>, Murad II's half-sister.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to sources which consider Hundi and Ümmügülsüm to be two distinct consorts, he was the son of Hundi Hatun.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to sources which consider Hundi and Ümmügülsüm to be two distinct consorts, she was the daughter of Ümmügülsüm Hatun.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:22_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlderson1982" class="citation book cs1">Alderson, A. D. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8115229"><i>The structure of the Ottoman dynasty</i></a>. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. xxvi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-22522-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-22522-2"><bdi>0-313-22522-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8115229">8115229</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+structure+of+the+Ottoman+dynasty&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pages=xxvi&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8115229&rft.isbn=0-313-22522-2&rft.aulast=Alderson&rft.aufirst=A.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F8115229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurad+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Attribution</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" data-alt="Public Domain" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCreasy1878" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shepherd_Creasy" title="Edward Shepherd Creasy">Creasy, Edward</a> (1878). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyottomant00creagoog"><i>History of the Ottoman Turks; From the beginning of their empire to the present time</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Ottoman+Turks%3B+From+the+beginning+of+their+empire+to+the+present+time&rft.date=1878&rft.aulast=Creasy&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryottomant00creagoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurad+II" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_II&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabinger1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Babinger" title="Franz Babinger">Babinger, Franz</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PPxC6rO7vvsC"><i>Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time</i></a>. Bollingen Series 96. Translated from the German by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Manheim" title="Ralph Manheim">Ralph Manheim</a>. Edited, with a preface, by William C. Hickman. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/164968842">164968842</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mehmed+the+Conqueror+and+His+Time&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.series=Bollingen+Series+96&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F164968842&rft.aulast=Babinger&rft.aufirst=Franz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPPxC6rO7vvsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurad+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Harris, Jonathan, <i>The End of Byzantium</i>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11786-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11786-8">978-0-300-11786-8</a></li> <li>Imber, Colin, <i>The Ottoman Empire</i>. London: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-61387-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-61387-2">0-333-61387-2</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_II&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="16" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Murad_II" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Murad II">Murad II</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Murad#Murad II"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Murad#Murad_II">"Murad § Murad II" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Murad+%C2%A7+Murad+II&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=14&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurad+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121208212614/http://wwwa.britannica.com/eb/article-9054316">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Murad II </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Dynasty">House of Osman</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 1404</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 3 February 1451</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Mehmed I</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Sultan">Ottoman Sultan</a> </b><br>1421–1444 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Sultan">Ottoman Sultan</a> </b><br>1446–1451 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data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1740490192"> <span>Last edited on 25 February 2025, at 13:29</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_II" title="Murat II – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Murat II" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="مراد الثاني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مراد الثاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Murad" title="II Murad – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="II Murad" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="ایکینجی مراد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی مراد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="দ্বিতীয় মুরাদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্বিতীয় মুরাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_2-s%C3%A8" title="Murad 2-sè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Murad 2-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_II" title="Морат II – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Морат II" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_II" title="Мурад II – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мурад II" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_II" title="Мурад II – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мурад II" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_II" title="Мурад II – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мурад II" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_II" title="Murat II – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Murat II" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_II" title="Murat II – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Murat II" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_II" title="Murat II – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Murat II" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II." title="Murad II. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Murad II." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_2." title="Murad 2. – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Murad 2." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II." title="Murad II. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Murad II." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Murad II" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84_%CE%92%CE%84" title="Μουράτ Β΄ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μουράτ Β΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Murad II" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_la_2-a" title="Murad la 2-a – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Murad la 2-a" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II.a" title="Murad II.a – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Murad II.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="مراد دوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مراد دوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mourad_II" title="Mourad II – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mourad II" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Murad II" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EB%9D%BC%ED%8A%B8_2%EC%84%B8" title="무라트 2세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무라트 2세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4_II" title="Մուրադ II – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մուրադ II" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF" title="मुराद द्वितीय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुराद द्वितीय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_II." title="Murat II. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Murat II." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Murad II" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Murad II" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99" title="מוראט השני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוראט השני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Murad II" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93_II" title="მურად II – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მურად II" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="II Мұрат – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="II Мұрат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muradus_II_(sultanus_Ottomanicus)" title="Muradus II (sultanus Ottomanicus) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Muradus II (sultanus Ottomanicus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murads_II" title="Murads II – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Murads II" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muradas_II" title="Muradas II – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Muradas II" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Mur%C3%A1d_oszm%C3%A1n_szult%C3%A1n" title="II. Murád oszmán szultán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. Murád oszmán szultán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_II" title="Мурат II – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мурат II" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="दुसरा मुराद – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दुसरा मुराद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93_II" title="მურად II – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მურად II" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="مراد التانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مراد التانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Murad II" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_II" title="Murat II – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Murat II" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%882%E4%B8%96" title="ムラト2世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムラト2世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_II" title="Murat II – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Murat II" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murod_II_(Usmonlilar_imperiyasi)" title="Murod II (Usmonlilar imperiyasi) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Murod II (Usmonlilar imperiyasi)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF_II" title="مراد II – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مراد II" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Murad II" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murade_II" title="Murade II – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Murade II" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_al_II-lea" title="Murad al II-lea – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Murad al II-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_II" title="Мурад II – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мурад II" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murati_II" title="Murati II – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Murati II" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Murad II" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II." title="Murad II. – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Murad II." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_II." title="Murat II. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Murat II." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muraad_labaad" title="Muraad labaad – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Muraad labaad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%D9%85" title="موڕادی دووەم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="موڕادی دووەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_II" title="Мурат II – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мурат II" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_II" title="Murat II – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Murat II" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Murad II" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Murad II" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2" title="สุลต่านมูรัดที่ 2 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สุลต่านมูรัดที่ 2" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Murad" title="II. Murad – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Murad" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_II" title="Мурад II – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мурад II" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="مراد ثانی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مراد ثانی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Murad II" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="穆拉德二世 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="穆拉德二世" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="穆拉德二世 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="穆拉德二世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Murad II" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="穆拉德二世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="穆拉德二世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Murad" title="II Murad – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="II Murad" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; 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