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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ആറു ഗ്രാമസഭകളുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയ ചർച്ചാവേദി"><span>പഞ്ചായത്ത്</span></a></li><li id="n-Embassy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Embassy"><span>Embassy</span></a></li><li id="n-അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D"><span>അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> വഴികാട്ടി </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സഹായം ലഭ്യമായ ഇടം"><span>സഹായം</span></a></li><li id="n-sandbox-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF"><span>എഴുത്തുകളരി</span></a></li><li id="n-styleguide-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82"><span>ശൈലീപുസ്തകം</span></a></li><li id="n-policies-and-gl-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82"><span>നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-communication-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-communication-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ആശയവിനിമയം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-livechat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF."><span>തത്സമയ സംവാദം</span></a></li><li id="n-maillist-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D"><span>മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ്</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="വിക്കിപീഡിയ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ml.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="<small>വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം</small>" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ml.svg" width="119" height="12" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>തിരയൂ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" aria-label="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" autocapitalize="sentences" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="പ്രത്യേകം:അന്വേഷണം"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">തിരയൂ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml" class=""><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു" class=""><span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="കൂടുതൽ ഐച്ഛികങ്ങൾ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml"><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>കൂടുതൽ അറിയുക</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="ഈ ഐ.പി. വിലാസത്തിൽനിന്നുള്ള തിരുത്തലുകളെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള സം‌വാദം [n]" accesskey="n"><span>സംവാദം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eഒഴിവാക്കുക\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ഉള്ളടക്കം</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">സൈഡ്‌ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">തുടക്കം</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-കാനൗജ്_ത്രികോണം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#കാനൗജ്_ത്രികോണം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>കാനൗജ് ത്രികോണം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-കാനൗജ്_ത്രികോണം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-കോളനി_ഭരണം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#കോളനി_ഭരണം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>കോളനി ഭരണം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-കോളനി_ഭരണം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ഗതാഗതം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ഗതാഗതം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>ഗതാഗതം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ഗതാഗതം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ശ്രദ്ധേയരായ_ആളുകൾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ശ്രദ്ധേയരായ_ആളുകൾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>ശ്രദ്ധേയരായ ആളുകൾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ശ്രദ്ധേയരായ_ആളുകൾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-അവലംബം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#അവലംബം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>അവലംബം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-അവലംബം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-പുറം_കണ്ണികൾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#പുറം_കണ്ണികൾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>പുറം കണ്ണികൾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-പുറം_കണ്ണികൾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ഉള്ളടക്കം" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">കാനൗജ്</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 ഭാഷകൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AC" title="قنوج – അറബിക്" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قنوج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="അറബിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AC" title="كنوج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كنوج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Канаудж – ബൾഗേറിയൻ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Канаудж" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ബൾഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%9C" title="कन्नौज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कन्नौज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%9C" title="কনৌজ – ബംഗ്ലാ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কনৌজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ബംഗ്ലാ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%9C" title="কন্নৌজ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কন্নৌজ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanauj" title="Kanauj – കറ്റാലാൻ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kanauj" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="കറ്റാലാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannauj_(lungsod)" title="Kannauj (lungsod) – സെബുവാനോ" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kannauj (lungsod)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="സെബുവാനോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannauj" title="Kannauj – ജർമ്മൻ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kannauj" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ജർമ്മൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannauj" title="Kannauj – ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kannauj" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannauj" title="Kannauj – എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kannauj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannauj" title="Kannauj – സ്‌പാനിഷ്" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kannauj" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="സ്‌പാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AC" title="قنوج – പേർഷ്യൻ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قنوج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="പേർഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A2nnauj" title="Kânnauj – ഫ്രഞ്ച്" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kânnauj" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ഫ്രഞ്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9C" title="કન્નોજ – ഗുജറാത്തി" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કન્નોજ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ഗുജറാത്തി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%9C" title="कन्नौज – ഹിന്ദി" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कन्नौज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ഹിന്ദി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannauj" title="Kannauj – ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kannauj" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B8" title="カナウジ – ജാപ്പനീസ്" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カナウジ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ജാപ്പനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98" title="კანაუჯი – ജോർജിയൻ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კანაუჯი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ജോർജിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%82%98%EC%9A%B0%EC%A7%80" title="카나우지 – കൊറിയൻ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카나우지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="കൊറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannauj" title="Kannauj – മലഗാസി" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kannauj" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="മലഗാസി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%9C" title="कनौज – മറാത്തി" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कनौज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="മറാത്തി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannauj" title="Kannauj – മലെയ്" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kannauj" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="മലെയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%9C" title="कन्नौज – നേപ്പാളി" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कन्नौज" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="നേപ്പാളി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%9C" title="कन्नौज – നേവാരി" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कन्नौज" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="നേവാരി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannauj_(stad)" title="Kannauj (stad) – ഡച്ച്" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kannauj (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ഡച്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannauj" title="Kannauj – നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kannauj" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%9C" title="ਕੰਨੌਜ – പഞ്ചാബി" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੰਨੌਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="പഞ്ചാബി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannauj" title="Kannauj – പാംപൻഗ" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kannauj" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="പാംപൻഗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannauj_(miasto)" title="Kannauj (miasto) – പോളിഷ്" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kannauj (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="പോളിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AC" title="کنوج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کنوج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Каннаудж – റഷ്യൻ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каннаудж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="റഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%9C" title="कन्नौज – സംസ്‌കൃതം" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कन्नौज" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="സംസ്‌കൃതം" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱳᱡᱽ – സന്താലി" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱳᱡᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="സന്താലി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannauj" title="Kannauj – സ്വീഡിഷ്" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kannauj" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="സ്വീഡിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="கன்னோசி – തമിഴ്" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கன்னோசி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="തമിഴ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D" title="కన్నౌజ్ – തെലുങ്ക്" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కన్నౌజ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="തെലുങ്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%8C" title="กันเนาช์ – തായ്" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กันเนาช์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="തായ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Каннаудж – ഉക്രേനിയൻ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каннаудж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ഉക്രേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AC" title="قنوج – ഉറുദു" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قنوج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ഉറുദു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannauj" title="Kannauj – വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kannauj" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E7%91%99%E6%9D%B0" title="根瑙杰 – ചൈനീസ്" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="根瑙杰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannauj_(si%C3%A2%E2%81%BF)" title="Kannauj (siâⁿ) – മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kannauj (siâⁿ)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q614890#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="അന്തർഭാഷാ കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക" class="wbc-editpage">കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="നാമമേഖലകൾ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="വിവരദായക താൾ കാണുക [c]" 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<div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kannauj" hreflang="en"><span>വിക്കിമീഡിയ കോമൺസ്</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q614890" title="ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ഡേറ്റാ ശേഖര ഇനത്തിലേയ്ക്കുള്ള കണ്ണി [g]" accesskey="g"><span>വിക്കിഡേറ്റ ഇനം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div 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<div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3946094">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D&params=27.07_N_79.92_E_type:city(84862)_region:IN"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°04′N</span> <span class="longitude">79°55′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.07°N 79.92°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.07; 79.92</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ml" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4128903">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Kannauj</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Goddess_Annapurna_Temple_,tirwa_town,stateUttar_Pradesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skyline of Kannauj"><img alt="Skyline of Kannauj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Goddess_Annapurna_Temple_%2Ctirwa_town%2CstateUttar_Pradesh.jpg/250px-Goddess_Annapurna_Temple_%2Ctirwa_town%2CstateUttar_Pradesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Goddess_Annapurna_Temple_%2Ctirwa_town%2CstateUttar_Pradesh.jpg/375px-Goddess_Annapurna_Temple_%2Ctirwa_town%2CstateUttar_Pradesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Goddess_Annapurna_Temple_%2Ctirwa_town%2CstateUttar_Pradesh.jpg/500px-Goddess_Annapurna_Temple_%2Ctirwa_town%2CstateUttar_Pradesh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><i>Perfume Capital of India</i></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3417136">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0%;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:India_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kannauj is located in India"><img alt="Kannauj is located in India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/India_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-India_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/India_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-India_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/India_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-India_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span><div class="od" style="top:32.092%;left:40.375%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kannauj"><img alt="Kannauj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;left:4px"><div>Kannauj</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of India</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3417136"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:India_Uttar_Pradesh_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kannauj is located in Uttar Pradesh"><img alt="Kannauj is located in Uttar Pradesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/India_Uttar_Pradesh_location_map.svg/250px-India_Uttar_Pradesh_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/India_Uttar_Pradesh_location_map.svg/375px-India_Uttar_Pradesh_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/India_Uttar_Pradesh_location_map.svg/500px-India_Uttar_Pradesh_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1006" data-file-height="981" /></a></span><div class="od" style="top:51.194%;left:37.922%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kannauj"><img alt="Kannauj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;left:4px"><div>Kannauj</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Uttar Pradesh</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3946094">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D&params=27.07_N_79.92_E_type:city(84862)_region:IN"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°04′N</span> <span class="longitude">79°55′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.07°N 79.92°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.07; 79.92</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="ഇന്ത്യ">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts of India">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannauj_district&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kannauj district (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Kannauj</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ഉയരം<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">139 മീ(456 അടി)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><center>ജനസംഖ്യ<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2011)</div></center></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • ആകെ</th><td class="infobox-data">84,862</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><center> Languages<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></center></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi, Urdu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="സമയമേഖല">സമയമേഖല</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ഇന്ത്യയിലെ വാഹനങ്ങളുടെ ലൈസൻസ് ഫലകം">വാഹന റെജിസ്ട്രേഷൻ</a></th><td class="infobox-data">UP-74</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">വെബ്സൈറ്റ്</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kannauj.nic.in">www<wbr />.kannauj<wbr />.nic<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="ഇന്ത്യ">ഇന്ത്യൻ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82" title="ഇന്ത്യയിലെ സംസ്ഥാനങ്ങളും കേന്ദ്രഭരണപ്രദേശങ്ങളും">സംസ്ഥാനമായ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BC%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D" title="ഉത്തർ‌പ്രദേശ്">ഉത്തർപ്രദേശിൽ</a> .കനൗജ് ജില്ലയിലെ ഒരു മുനിസിപ്പൽ ബോർഡ് അല്ലെങ്കിൽ നഗർ പലിക പരിഷത്തിന്റെ ആസ്ഥാനം ആയ ഒരു നഗരം ആണ് <b>കാനൗജ്.</b> <i>കന്യാകുബ്ജ</i> എന്ന ചരിത്രപരമായ നാമത്തിന്റെ ആധുനിക രൂപമാണ് നഗരത്തിന്റെ പേര്. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ഏകദേശം 9 -ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിൽ <i>ഗുർജാര രാജാവ് മിഹിരഭോജന്റെ</i> കാലത്ത് ഇത് മഹോദയ എന്നും അറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നു (ഗുജ്ജർ <sup about="#mwt23" class="mw-ref reference" data-cx="{"adapted":true,"partial":false}" id="cite_ref-2" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"></sup><span class="mw-reflink-text">[2]</span> [./Kannauj#cite_note-2 <span class="mw-reflink-text">[2]</span>] ജാതിയുമായി ആശയക്കുഴപ്പത്തിലാകരുത്) </sup></p><p>കാനൗജ് ഒരു പുരാതന നഗരമാണ്. ശാണ്ഡില്യ മഹർഷി <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BB" title="ഭരദ്വജൻ">ഭരദ്വാജമഹർഷിയുടെ</a> അദ്ധ്യാപകൻ) ഉൾപ്പെട്ട കന്യാകുബ്ജ ബ്രാഹ്മണർ കണ്ണൗജിൽ നിന്നുള്ള മൂന്ന് പ്രമുഖ കുടുംബങ്ങളിൽ ഒന്നായിരുന്നുവെന്ന് പറയപ്പെടുന്നു. <sup id="cite_ref-US_2008_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ഇന്ത്യയിലെ മദ്ധ്യകാല സാമ്രാജ്യങ്ങൾ">ക്ലാസിക്കൽ ഇന്ത്യയിൽ</a>, സാമ്രാജ്യത്വ ഇന്ത്യൻ രാജവംശങ്ങളുടെ കേന്ദ്രമായി ഇത് പ്രവർത്തിച്ചു. ഇവയിൽ ആദ്യത്തേത് മൗഖാരി രാജവംശമായിരുന്നു, പിന്നീട്, വർധന രാജവംശത്തിലെ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%BB" title="ഹർഷവർദ്ധനൻ">ഹർഷ</a> ചക്രവർത്തി. <sup id="cite_ref-Tripathi,_p.192_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tripathi,_p.192-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ഈ നഗരം പിന്നീട് ഗഹദാവാല രാജവംശത്തിന്റെ കീഴിലായി, ഗോവിന്ദചന്ദ്രന്റെ ഭരണത്തിൻ കീഴിൽ നഗരം "അഭൂതപൂർവമായ പ്രതാപത്തിൽ" എത്തി. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%BC" title="പ്രതിഹാരർ">ഗുജ്ജാർ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പാല സാമ്രാജ്യം">പാലസ്</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC" title="രാഷ്ട്രകൂടർ">രാഷ്ട്രകൂടർ എന്നിവർ</a> തമ്മിലുള്ള ത്രിതല പോരാട്ടത്തിലെ പ്രധാന യുദ്ധസ്ഥലം കൂടിയായിരുന്നു കണ്ണൗജ്. </p><p>എന്നിരുന്നാലും, "ഇംപീരിയൽ കാനൗജിന്റെ മഹത്വം" <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ദില്ലി സൽത്തനത്ത്">ഡൽഹി സുൽത്താനേറ്റിന്റെ</a> വിജയത്തോടെ അവസാനിച്ചു. <sup id="cite_ref-Sen_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sen-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>കനൗജ് സുഗന്ധം വാറ്റിയെടുക്കുന്നതിൽ പ്രസിദ്ധമാണ്. <i>ഇന്ത്യയുടെ സുഗന്ധദ്രവ്യ തലസ്ഥാനം</i> എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്ന ഇത് പരമ്പരാഗതമായ കാനൗജ് പെർഫ്യൂം, സർക്കാർ സംരക്ഷിത സ്ഥാപനമാണ്, <sup id="cite_ref-perfume_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perfume-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>കണ്ണൗജിൽ തന്നെ 200 ലധികം പെർഫ്യൂം ഡിസ്റ്റിലറികളുണ്ട്, ഇത് പുകയില, ഇട്ടാർ ( പെർഫ്യൂം ), <i>പനിനീർ എന്നിവയുടെ വിപണന കേന്ദ്രമാണ്.</i> <sup id="cite_ref-perfume_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perfume-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> രണ്ട് വ്യത്യസ്ത കോഡുകളോ രജിസ്റ്ററുകളോ ഉള്ള കനൗജി എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്ന <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഹിന്ദുസ്താനി ഭാഷ">ഹിന്ദുസ്ഥാനിയുടെ</a> ഒരു പ്രത്യേക ഭാഷയും നിലവിലുണ്ട് </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Maukharis_of_Kanauj._Isanavarman._Circa_AD_535-553.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Maukharis_of_Kanauj._Isanavarman._Circa_AD_535-553.jpg/250px-Maukharis_of_Kanauj._Isanavarman._Circa_AD_535-553.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Maukharis_of_Kanauj._Isanavarman._Circa_AD_535-553.jpg/375px-Maukharis_of_Kanauj._Isanavarman._Circa_AD_535-553.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Maukharis_of_Kanauj._Isanavarman._Circa_AD_535-553.jpg/500px-Maukharis_of_Kanauj._Isanavarman._Circa_AD_535-553.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption> നാണയം മൌഖരിസ് മഹാരാജ ഇസനവര്മന് ത്തിനടുത്ത 535-553 എ.ഡി. കീഴിൽ കാനൂജിലെ.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Harshavardhana_Circa_AD_606-647.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Harshavardhana_Circa_AD_606-647.jpg/250px-Harshavardhana_Circa_AD_606-647.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Harshavardhana_Circa_AD_606-647.jpg/375px-Harshavardhana_Circa_AD_606-647.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Harshavardhana_Circa_AD_606-647.jpg/500px-Harshavardhana_Circa_AD_606-647.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption> ഏകദേശം 606-647 CE ൽ, വർധന രാജവംശത്തിലെ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%BB" title="ഹർഷവർദ്ധനൻ">ഹർഷ ചക്രവർത്തിയുടെ</a> നാണയം. <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="കാനൗജ്_ത്രികോണം"><span id=".E0.B4.95.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.A8.E0.B5.97.E0.B4.9C.E0.B5.8D_.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.8B.E0.B4.A3.E0.B4.82"></span>കാനൗജ് ത്രികോണം</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=1" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: കാനൗജ് ത്രികോണം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ഈ യുദ്ധങ്ങൾ CE 8 -ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് മുതൽ 9 -ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിന്റെ ആരംഭം വരെ നടന്നു, അതിനുശേഷം ഗുജ്ജാര പ്രതിഹരസ് ഉജ്ജയിനിയുടെ നിയന്ത്രണം നിലനിർത്തി. </p><p>കനൗജ് മൂന്ന് ശക്തമായ സാമ്രാജ്യ അതായത് ഒരു ഫോക്കൽ പോയിന്റ് ആയി <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%BC" title="പ്രതിഹാരർ">.ഇവരണ്ടിലും പ്രതിഹാരർ</a> (R. 730-1036 എ.ഡി.), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പാല സാമ്രാജ്യം">പാലാ</a> രാജാക്കന്മാർ(R. 750-1162) <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC" title="രാഷ്ട്രകൂടർ">രാഷ്ട്രകൂടരുടെ</a> 8 മുതൽ 10 നൂറ്റാണ്ടിനുമിടയ്ക്ക്, (R. 753-982 എ.ഡി.). മൂന്ന് രാജവംശങ്ങൾ തമ്മിലുള്ള സംഘർഷത്തെ പല ചരിത്രകാരന്മാരും ത്രികക്ഷി പോരാട്ടം എന്ന് വിളിക്കുന്നു. <sup id="cite_ref-Kannauj_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kannauj-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-R._C._Majumdar_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R._C._Majumdar-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Indian_Kanauj_triangle_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Indian_Kanauj_triangle_map.svg/100px-Indian_Kanauj_triangle_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Indian_Kanauj_triangle_map.svg/150px-Indian_Kanauj_triangle_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Indian_Kanauj_triangle_map.svg/200px-Indian_Kanauj_triangle_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1639" data-file-height="1852" /></a><figcaption> കനൌജ് മൂന്നു ഫോക്കൽ പോയിന്റ് ആയിരുന്നു സാമ്രാജ്യങ്ങൾ : <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC" title="രാഷ്ട്രകൂടർ">രാഷ്ട്രകൂടരുടെ</a> ഓഫ് <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A0%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF" title="ഡെക്കാൺ പീഠഭൂമി">ഡെക്കാൻ</a>, ഓഫ് .ഇവരണ്ടിലും പ്രതിഹാരർ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="മാല്വ പ്രദേശം">മാൾവ</a>, ഒപ്പം <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പാല സാമ്രാജ്യം">പാലർ</a> ഓഫ് <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" title="ബംഗാൾ">ബംഗാൾ</a> .</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗസ്നിയിലെ മഹ്‌മൂദ്">ഗസ്നിയിലെ</a> സുൽത്താൻ മഹ്മൂദ് 1018 -ൽ കനൗജ് പിടിച്ചെടുത്തു. ഛന്ദദേവൻ 1090 കാലത്തായി കനൌജ് അതിന്റെ തലസ്ഥാനം ഗഹദ്വാല രാജവംശം സ്ഥാപിച്ചു . അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ചെറുമകൻ ഗോവിന്ദചന്ദ്ര "കനൗജിനെ അഭൂതപൂർവമായ മഹത്വത്തിലേക്ക് ഉയർത്തി." <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="മുഹമ്മദ് ഗോറി">മുഹമ്മദ് ഗോറി</a> നഗരത്തിനെതിരെ മുന്നേറി, 1193 ലെ ചന്ദ്വാർ യുദ്ധത്തിൽ ജയചന്ദ്രനെ വധിച്ചു. പൃഥ്വിരാജ് ചൗഹാനെ മുഹമ്മദ് ഗോരിയെ നേരിട്ടപ്പോൾ ജയ് ചന്ദ്ര പിന്തുണച്ചിരുന്നില്ല, 1192 ൽ രണ്ടാം തരൈൻ യുദ്ധത്തിൽ പരാജയപ്പെട്ടു. </p><p>മറ്റ് ഇന്ത്യൻ നഗരങ്ങളിലേക്കുള്ള ദൂരം വിശദീകരിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള പ്രധാന ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രപരമായ പോയിന്റായി "കനോജ്" എന്ന് <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BD-%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="അൽ-ബയ്റൂനി">അൽബെറൂണി</a> <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> കുറിക്കുന്നു. "സാമ്രാജ്യത്വ കനൗജിന്റെ മഹത്വം" <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇൽതുമിഷ്">ഇൽത്തുമിഷിന്റെ</a> വിജയത്തോടെ അവസാനിച്ചു. <sup id="cite_ref-Sen_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sen-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:<span>21,32–33</span></sup> </p><p>1540 മേയ് 17 -ന് നടന്ന കനൗജ് യുദ്ധത്തിൽ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="ഷേർ ഷാ സൂരി">ഷേർ ഷാ സൂരി</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BA" title="ഹുമായൂൺ">ഹുമയൂണിനെ</a> പരാജയപ്പെടുത്തി. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="കോളനി_ഭരണം"><span id=".E0.B4.95.E0.B5.8B.E0.B4.B3.E0.B4.A8.E0.B4.BF_.E0.B4.AD.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.A3.E0.B4.82"></span>കോളനി ഭരണം</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=2" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: കോളനി ഭരണം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ഇന്ത്യയിലെ ആദ്യകാല ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് ഭരണകാലത്ത്, ഈ നഗരം <b>കാനോഡ്ജ്</b> എന്ന് ഉച്ചരിക്കപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നു. <a href="//archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.81794/page/n70/mode/1up/search/Hakim" class="extiw" title="iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.81794/page/n70/mode/1up/search/Hakim">നവാബ് ഹക്കിം മെഹന്ദി അലി ഖാൻ</a> അക്കാലത്തെ യാത്രക്കാരും എഴുത്തുകാരുംകാനൗജ്നഗരത്തിന്റെ വികസനവുമായി നിരന്തരം ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഒരു ഘട്ട് ( <a href="//archive.org/details/wanderingsofpilg02parluoft/page/16/mode/1up" class="extiw" title="iarchive:wanderingsofpilg02parluoft/page/16/mode/1up">മെഹന്ദിഘട്ട്</a> ), ഒരു സരായ് (സഞ്ചാരികളുടെയും കച്ചവടക്കാരുടെയും സൗജന്യ താമസത്തിനായി) കൂടാതെ നവാബ് നിർമ്മിച്ച വിവിധ മെറ്റൽ റോഡുകളും അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പേരും വഹിക്കുന്നു. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രം"><span id=".E0.B4.AD.E0.B5.82.E0.B4.AE.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.B6.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.B8.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.82"></span>ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=3" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>കാനൗജ് <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3946094"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D&params=27.07_N_79.92_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°04′N</span> <span class="longitude">79°55′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.07°N 79.92°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.07; 79.92</span></span></span></a></span></span> എന്നീ അളവ്കളിൽ സ്ഥിതിചെയ്യുന്നു. <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ഇതിന് ശരാശരി സമുദ്രനിരപ്പിൽ നിന്നുള്ള ഉയരം 139 ആണ് മീറ്റർ (456 അടി). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ഗതാഗതം"><span id=".E0.B4.97.E0.B4.A4.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.97.E0.B4.A4.E0.B4.82"></span>ഗതാഗതം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=4" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ഗതാഗതം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>രണ്ട് പ്രധാന റെയിൽവേ സ്റ്റേഷനായ കാനൗജ് റെയിൽവേ സ്റ്റേഷനും കണ്ണൗജ് സിറ്റി റെയിൽവേ സ്റ്റേഷനും നഗരത്തിലേക്ക്നു യാത്രചെയ്യുന്നവർക്ക് അനുഹമാകുന്നു. പട്ടണത്തിൽ നിന്ന് 2 മണിക്കൂർ യാത്ര ചെയ്താൽ കാൺപൂർ വിമാനത്താവളമാണ് ഏറ്റവും അടുത്തുള്ള വിമാനത്താവളം. </p><p>ഇത് ജിടി റോഡിലാണ് (ഡൽഹി മുതൽ കാണ്പൂർ വരെ). ഇതിന് റോഡ് ഗതാഗതമുണ്ട് കാനൗജ് ഡിപ്പോ. ഉത്തർപ്രദേശ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ് റോഡ് ട്രാൻസ്പോർട്ടേഷൻ കോർപ്പറേഷന്റെ (UPSRTC) കീഴിൽ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ശ്രദ്ധേയരായ_ആളുകൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.B6.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.A6.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A7.E0.B5.87.E0.B4.AF.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.AF_.E0.B4.86.E0.B4.B3.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.BE"></span>ശ്രദ്ധേയരായ ആളുകൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=5" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ശ്രദ്ധേയരായ ആളുകൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>അമാ, കനൗജിന്റെ രാജാവ്</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="മാലിനി അവസ്തി">മാലിനി അവസ്തി</a>, നാടോടി ഗായിക</li> <li>മിഹിര ഭോജ, ഉത്തരേന്ത്യയിലെ രാജാവ്</li> <li>ഷാ ജൂന, മിഷനറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ പിർ</li> <li>സയ്യിദ് മുഹമ്മദ് ഖനൗജി, സൂഫി</li> <li>സംയുക്ത, കനൗജിന്റെ രാജകുമാരി</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB" title="യശോവർമൻ">യശോവർമൻ</a>, കനൗജിലെ രാജാവ്</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="അവലംബം"><span id=".E0.B4.85.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.B2.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.AC.E0.B4.82"></span>അവലംബം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=6" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: അവലംബം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4123595">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4123591">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFRama_Shankar_Tripathi1989" class="citation book cs1">Rama Shankar Tripathi (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Tnh2QjGhMQC&pg=PA2"><i>History of Kanauj: To the Moslem Conquest</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/978-81-208-0404-3" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/978-81-208-0404-3"><bdi>978-81-208-0404-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Kanauj%3A+To+the+Moslem+Conquest&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publ&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0404-3&rft.au=Rama+Shankar+Tripathi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Tnh2QjGhMQC%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US_2008-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-US_2008_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFUpinder_Singh2008" class="citation book cs1">Upinder Singh (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA381"><i>A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India</i></a>. Pearson Education India. p. 575. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/9788131711200" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/9788131711200"><bdi>9788131711200</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+and+Early+Medieval+India&rft.pages=575&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+India&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9788131711200&rft.au=Upinder+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH3lUIIYxWkEC%26pg%3DPA381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tripathi,_p.192-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Tripathi,_p.192_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tripathi, <i>History of Kanauj</i>, p.192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sen-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sen_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sen_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Sen, S.N., 2013, A Textbook of Medieval Indian History, Delhi: Primus Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/9789380607344" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/9789380607344">9789380607344</a> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ml" dir="ltr">ഉദ്ധരിച്ചതിൽ പിഴവ്: അസാധുവായ <code><ref></code> ടാഗ്; "Sen" എന്ന പേര് വ്യത്യസ്തമായ ഉള്ളടക്കത്തോടെ നിരവധി തവണ നിർവ്വചിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-perfume-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-perfume_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-perfume_5-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2012/09/20/2003543194">"Life: India's perfume capital threatened by scent of modernity"</a>. The Taipei Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life%3A+India%27s+perfume+capital+threatened+by+scent+of+modernity&rft.pub=The+Taipei+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffeat%2Farchives%2F2012%2F09%2F20%2F2003543194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=261204">"CNG: eAuction 329. INDIA, Post-Gupta (Ganges Valley). Vardhanas of Thanesar and Kanauj. Harshavardhana. Circa AD 606-647. AR Drachm (13mm, 2.28 g, 1h)"</a>. <i>www.cngcoins.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cngcoins.com&rft.atitle=CNG%3A+eAuction+329.+INDIA%2C+Post-Gupta+%28Ganges+Valley%29.+Vardhanas+of+Thanesar+and+Kanauj.+Harshavardhana.+Circa+AD+606-647.+AR+Drachm+%2813mm%2C+2.28+g%2C+1h%29.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cngcoins.com%2FCoin.aspx%3FCoinID%3D261204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kannauj-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kannauj_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K7ZZzk8cXh8C&pg=PA9"><i>Pratiyogita Darpan</i></a>. Upkar Prakashan. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pratiyogita+Darpan&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Upkar+Prakashan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK7ZZzk8cXh8C%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R._C._Majumdar-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-R._C._Majumdar_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFR.C._Majumdar1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R.C._Majumdar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R.C. Majumdar (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">R.C. Majumdar</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XNxiN5tzKOgC&pg=PA282"><i>Ancient India</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 282–285. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/978-81-208-0436-4" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/978-81-208-0436-4"><bdi>978-81-208-0436-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+India&rft.pages=282-285&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0436-4&rft.au=R.C.+Majumdar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXNxiN5tzKOgC%26pg%3DPA282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(India, Vol 1, from p 199 onwards, Translated by Dr Edward C. Sachau, London 1910).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Kannauj.html">Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Kannauj</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>  </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="പുറം_കണ്ണികൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.B1.E0.B4.82_.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.A3.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A3.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.BE"></span>പുറം കണ്ണികൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=7" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: പുറം കണ്ണികൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kannauj.nic.in/">ജില്ലാ കണ്ണൂജ് വെബ്സൈറ്റ്.</a></li> <li> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Tnh2QjGhMQC&pg=PA78&dq">കനൗജിന്റെ ചരിത്രം: രാമ ശങ്കർ ത്രിപാഠിയുടെ മുസ്ലീം വിജയത്തിലേക്ക്</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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