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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-警告示例" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#警告示例"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>警告示例</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-警告示例-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关判例" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关判例"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>相关判例</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-相关判例-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关相关判例子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-相关判例-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-米兰达诉亚利桑那州案" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#米兰达诉亚利桑那州案"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>米兰达诉亚利桑那州案</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-米兰达诉亚利桑那州案-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-此前判例" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#此前判例"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>此前判例</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-此前判例-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-鲍威尔诉阿拉巴马州案" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鲍威尔诉阿拉巴马州案"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>鲍威尔诉阿拉巴马州案</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-鲍威尔诉阿拉巴马州案-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-吉迪恩诉温赖特案" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#吉迪恩诉温赖特案"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>吉迪恩诉温赖特案</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-吉迪恩诉温赖特案-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-此后判例" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#此后判例"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>此后判例</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-此后判例-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-伊利诺伊州诉伯金斯案" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#伊利诺伊州诉伯金斯案"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>伊利诺伊州诉伯金斯案</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-伊利诺伊州诉伯金斯案-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-迪根森诉合众国案" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#迪根森诉合众国案"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>迪根森诉合众国案</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-迪根森诉合众国案-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-在其他地區" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#在其他地區"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>在其他地區</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-在其他地區-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关在其他地區子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-在其他地區-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-台灣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#台灣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>台灣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-台灣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-香港" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#香港"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>香港</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-香港-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中國大陸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國大陸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>中國大陸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國大陸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>延伸閱讀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">米兰达警告</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。29种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="تحذير ميراندا – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تحذير ميراندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patanid_na_Miranda" title="Patanid na Miranda – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Patanid na Miranda" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_%E2%80%9E%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%E2%80%9C" title="Предупреждението „Миранда“ – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Предупреждението „Миранда“" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belehrung_(Recht)" title="Belehrung (Recht) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Belehrung (Recht)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda_warning" title="Miranda warning – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Miranda warning" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertencia_Miranda" title="Advertencia Miranda – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Advertencia Miranda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="حقوق میراندا – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حقوق میراندا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droits_Miranda" title="Droits Miranda – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Droits Miranda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%96%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94" title="אזהרת מירנדה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אזהרת מירנדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="मिरैन्डा चेतावनी – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मिरैन्डा चेतावनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirandino_upozorenje" title="Mirandino upozorenje – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mirandino upozorenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Միրանդայի նախազգուշացում – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միրանդայի նախազգուշացում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peringatan_Miranda" title="Peringatan Miranda – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peringatan Miranda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda_warning" title="Miranda warning – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Miranda warning" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A" title="ミランダ警告 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミランダ警告" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EB%9E%80%EB%8B%A4_%EC%9B%90%EC%B9%99" title="미란다 원칙 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미란다 원칙" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaran_Miranda" title="Amaran Miranda – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Amaran Miranda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cautie_(strafrecht)" title="Cautie (strafrecht) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cautie (strafrecht)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirandaadvarsel" title="Mirandaadvarsel – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mirandaadvarsel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawa_Mirandy" title="Prawa Mirandy – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prawa Mirandy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advert%C3%AAncia_de_Miranda" title="Advertência de Miranda – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Advertência de Miranda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Правило Миранды – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Правило Миранды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda_warning" title="Miranda warning – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Miranda warning" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirandavarningen" title="Mirandavarningen – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mirandavarningen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="คำเตือนมิแรนดา – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คำเตือนมิแรนดา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Правило Міранди – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Правило Міранди" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda_qoidasi" title="Miranda qoidasi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Miranda qoidasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quy%E1%BB%81n_Miranda" title="Quyền Miranda – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quyền Miranda" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" 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class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chief_Justice_Earl_Warren_-_Miranda_v._Arizona_(1966).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Chief_Justice_Earl_Warren_-_Miranda_v._Arizona_%281966%29.jpg/220px-Chief_Justice_Earl_Warren_-_Miranda_v._Arizona_%281966%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Chief_Justice_Earl_Warren_-_Miranda_v._Arizona_%281966%29.jpg/330px-Chief_Justice_Earl_Warren_-_Miranda_v._Arizona_%281966%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Chief_Justice_Earl_Warren_-_Miranda_v._Arizona_%281966%29.jpg/440px-Chief_Justice_Earl_Warren_-_Miranda_v._Arizona_%281966%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="1134" /></a><figcaption>美国首席大法官<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E4%BC%A6" title="厄尔·沃伦">厄尔·沃伦</a>所写的关于<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%89%E4%BA%9A%E5%88%A9%E6%A1%91%E9%82%A3%E5%B7%9E%E6%A1%88" title="米兰达诉亚利桑那州案">米兰达诉亚利桑那州案</a>的裁决书。此页内容确立了米兰达警告的基本要求。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>米兰达警告</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Miranda Warning</span>），又譯<b>米兰达忠告</b>、<b>米兰达告诫</b>、<b>米兰达公约</b> 、<b>米兰达宣言</b>或<b>米蘭達法則</b>，是指<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F" title="美國警察">警察</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%80%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98" class="mw-redirect" title="检察官">检察官</a>在逮捕罪犯时（或者审讯罪犯时）告知嫌疑人他们所享有的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E9%BB%98%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="沉默权">沉默权</a>：即嫌疑人可以拒绝回答执法人员的提问、拒绝向执法人员提供訊息之权利。米兰达警告是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="美国联邦最高法院">美国联邦最高法院</a>在1966年<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%89%E4%BA%9A%E5%88%A9%E6%A1%91%E9%82%A3%E5%B7%9E%E6%A1%88" title="米兰达诉亚利桑那州案">米兰达诉亚利桑那州案</a>（384 U.S. 436 （1966））中确立的规则，时任<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E5%B8%AD%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98" title="美国首席大法官">美国首席大法官</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E4%BC%A6" title="厄尔·沃伦">厄尔·沃伦</a>撰写的裁决书成为米兰达警告的基础原型。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> 在讯问<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E6%A1%88%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="刑事案件">刑事案件</a>嫌疑人之前，警察必须明白无误地告知嫌疑人有权援引<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美國憲法第五修正案">宪法第五修正案</a>，即刑事案件嫌疑犯有「不被强迫自証其罪的特权」，有权行使<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E9%BB%98%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="沉默权">沉默权</a>和要求得到<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="律师">律师</a>协助的权利，这被称为<b>米兰达权利</b>（<span lang="en">Miranda rights</span>）。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>一个典型的米兰达警告如下：<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>你有权保持沉默，但你所说的每一句话都可以在法庭上作为指控你的不利证据。审问前，你有权与律师谈话。在审问过程中，你也有权让律师在场。如果你无法负担一名律师，你希望的话法庭可以为你指定一名律师。如果你决定现在在没有律师在场的情况下回答问题，你也有权随时停止回答。</p></blockquote><p>雖然有關警告源自美國，但由於証供的可信性在<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="普通法系">普通法系</a>的法庭非常重要，這項警告對司法過程產生了重要影響。一方面，這項聲明確保了證供的可信性；另一方面，這項聲明也保證避免疑犯被屈打成招。因此，現時世界上採用<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="普通法系">普通法系</a>的地區都吸納了這項警告的精神，以保障被扣押人士的權利及司法的公正。歐洲人權法院自1996年John Murray v. the United Kingdom 案後，已數度表示<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%98%E9%BB%98%E6%AC%8A" title="緘默權">緘默權</a>及不自證己罪權利乃是國際普遍認可的準則，也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" title="歐洲人權公約">歐洲人權公約</a>第6條所闡述的公正審判理念之核心內容<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。實行<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="大陸法系">大陸法系</a>的部分<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="亞洲">亞洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>國家也採用米蘭達規則，要求執法人員必須對嫌犯宣讀這段警告。 </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="警告示例"><span id=".E8.AD.A6.E5.91.8A.E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B"></span>警告示例</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：警告示例"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>米兰达告诫的英文原文如下： </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64637320">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:.25em .5em;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox p{font-style:inherit;margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{background-color:#F9F9F9;text-align:center;font-size:larger;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em; padding: 6px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 88%; background-color: #F9F9F9;"><div class="" style="position: relative; text-align: left;">You have the right to remain silent. 你有权保持沉默。 <p>Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. 否则你所说的一切都可以在法庭上作为指控你的不利证据。 </p><p>You have the right to talk to a lawyer and have him present while you are questioned. 审问之前，你有权与律师谈话、得到律师的帮助和建议。受审时，你也有权让律師在场。 </p> If you cannot afford to hire a lawyer, one will be appointed to represent you before questioning, if you wish one.如果你想聘請律師但負擔不起，法庭可遵照你的意愿，為你指定一位律師。</div></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关判例"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E5.88.A4.E4.BE.8B"></span>相关判例</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：相关判例"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="米兰达诉亚利桑那州案"><span id=".E7.B1.B3.E5.85.B0.E8.BE.BE.E8.AF.89.E4.BA.9A.E5.88.A9.E6.A1.91.E9.82.A3.E5.B7.9E.E6.A1.88"></span>米兰达诉亚利桑那州案</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：米兰达诉亚利桑那州案"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%89%E4%BA%9A%E5%88%A9%E6%A1%91%E9%82%A3%E5%B7%9E%E6%A1%88" title="米兰达诉亚利桑那州案">米兰达诉亚利桑那州案</a></div> <p>1963年，美国人米兰达（Ernesto Arturo Miranda，部分文献译为埃内斯托·阿图罗·米兰达，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="小学">小学</a>教育水準）因涉嫌对一名18岁的<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="凤凰城">菲尼克斯</a>女性居民<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A2%E5%8A%AB" title="抢劫">抢劫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%91%E6%9E%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="绑架">绑架</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%A5%B8" title="强奸">强奸</a>而被当地警察逮捕。他在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="警局">警局</a>接受了两个小时的讯问，並在一份自白书上签名。之后进行了非常简短的审判，法庭根据米兰达的供词而判其有罪。 </p><p>其后<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="美國公民自由聯盟">美國公民自由聯盟</a>接受米兰达的委托，并进行了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%AF%89" class="mw-redirect" title="上诉">上诉</a>，声称米兰达的供述是伪造和受到胁迫的，其在讯问前未能知晓自己有不被强迫自证其罪的特权，而且<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F" title="警察">警察</a>也未进行告知。1966年首席<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98" class="mw-disambig" title="大法官">大法官</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E4%BC%A6" title="厄尔·沃伦">厄爾·沃倫</a>在联邦最高法院作出裁决（5 v. 4，Harlan, Stewart, White，Clark大法官附上了异议），确认米兰达在接受讯问以前有权知道自己的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美國憲法第五修正案">宪法第五修正案权利</a>，而且警察有义务向嫌疑人告知自己的权利，之后才能讯问。最高法院将该案发回重审。随后，法院重新选择了陪审员和案件证据，而且米兰达之前的“证言”不再作为证据使用。在重審过程中，米兰达的女友作为证人出庭，并且提供了对米兰达不利的证词和证据。米兰达再次被判有罪，入狱11年。 </p><p>1972年，米兰达获<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E9%87%8A" title="假释">假释</a>出狱。出獄之後，他開始販賣親筆簽名的「米蘭達」警告小卡，一張 $1.5元。<sup id="cite_ref-HeritageJune_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeritageJune-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1976年，米兰达在<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E5%90%A7" title="酒吧">酒吧</a>的一次斗殴事件中受到<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%BA%E6%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="刺殺">刺殺</a>而身亡。警察逮捕了一位嫌疑犯。警方向嫌疑犯传达了“米兰达警告”以后，嫌疑犯选择保持沉默。警察无法得到其他更有力的证据，结果没有人被起诉。 </p><p>联邦最高法院在裁决中并未提供警察和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%80%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98" class="mw-redirect" title="检察官">检察官</a>在传达“米兰达警告”时所用的措辞，但给出了必须遵守的方针和指引：“怀疑有罪的人在受到讯问之前，必须清楚地被告知自己有保持沉默的权利，并且自己所说的每一句话都将成为在法庭上对自己不利的证据；必须被清楚地告知自己有权得到律师的协助，并且有权要求律师在场；如果自己因为贫困而请不起<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="律师">律师</a>，法院将免费提供一位律师。” </p><p>一个典型的“米兰达警告”会是这样的措辞： </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>你有权保持沉默。如果你开口说话，那么你所说的每一句话都將作為呈堂證供。你有权请律师，并可要求在讯问的过程中有律师在场。如果你请不起律师，我们将免费为你提供一位律师。在讯问的过程中，你可随时要求行使这些权利，不回答问题或者不作出任何陈述。</p></blockquote> <p>其后的判例要求米兰达警告必须是明白无误的（meaningful），所以嫌疑犯通常会被询问是否已经明白自己的权利。有些情况下，必须坚定地回答“是”，而且嫌疑犯保持沉默不表示自动放弃权利。如果嫌疑犯英语水平不足，而且实施逮捕的人员未能将米兰达警告以嫌疑犯的母语传达给他，那么之后的供词不能采纳为证据。 </p><p>同样，由于嫌犯教育水平不同，警官必须确保嫌疑犯能够理解警官所说的话，因此根据嫌疑犯的理解水平来适当表达米兰达警告显得十分必要。在司法实践中，只有把这种适当的表述记录在纸上或者录音，一份原始的放弃权利的证书才会许可采用并视为有效。在另一些司法实践中，未成年人在没有父母或者监护人在场的情况下保持沉默的权利同样被引申出来。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E5%AE%89%E7%B4%8D%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="印地安納州">印地安纳州</a>和一些其他的少数州加上了一句话，「我们不会提供给你一名律师，但是如果你被起诉，那么在你被起诉时，我们将会为你指定一位。」尽管这个句子对于少数几个倒霉的外行来说有点模糊和不明确（是指if and when you go to court）—他们可能会并且已经把它理解为“直到你坦白并且在法庭上被传讯，才能请律师”—<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="联邦最高法院">联邦最高法院</a>已经同意在这些州将这句话作为对这个程序（米兰达警告）的一个精确描述。（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%83%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%89%E4%BE%9D%E6%A0%B9%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达克沃斯诉依根案（页面不存在）">达克沃斯诉依根案</a>（Duckworth v. Eagan, 492 U.S. 195 (1989)）） </p><p>很多州（例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="加利福尼亚州">加利福尼亚州</a>）在警告中加了一句话： </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>你理解我刚才向你宣读的这些权利了吗？在了解这些权利的前提下，你愿意向我坦白吗？</p></blockquote> <p>如果嫌犯对两个问题的回答都是「是」（yes），那么意味着嫌犯自动放弃权利；如果嫌犯对第一个问题的回答是「不」（no），那么执法人員一定要重复一遍米兰达警告；如果嫌犯对第二个问题的回答是「不」（no），那么嫌犯援引了（invoke）他的权利。上述情况下，直到权利被免除（waive）前，执法官不可以审问嫌犯。 </p><p>在警察系统，一般是让嫌疑人阅读印有米兰达警告和相关权利提示的卡片，并要求其在阅读并理解之后签字。总之，政府（警察和检察官）一方有责任证明，嫌疑人是明知和明智地放弃了不自证其罪和得到律师协助的权利。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="此前判例"><span id=".E6.AD.A4.E5.89.8D.E5.88.A4.E4.BE.8B"></span>此前判例</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：此前判例"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="鲍威尔诉阿拉巴马州案"><span id=".E9.B2.8D.E5.A8.81.E5.B0.94.E8.AF.89.E9.98.BF.E6.8B.89.E5.B7.B4.E9.A9.AC.E5.B7.9E.E6.A1.88"></span>鲍威尔诉阿拉巴马州案</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：鲍威尔诉阿拉巴马州案"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B2%8D%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%89%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E9%A9%AC%E5%B7%9E%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鲍威尔诉阿拉巴马州案（页面不存在）">鲍威尔诉阿拉巴马州案</a></div><p>（Powell v. Alabama, 287 U.S. 45 (1932)） </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="吉迪恩诉温赖特案"><span id=".E5.90.89.E8.BF.AA.E6.81.A9.E8.AF.89.E6.B8.A9.E8.B5.96.E7.89.B9.E6.A1.88"></span>吉迪恩诉温赖特案</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：吉迪恩诉温赖特案"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E8%BF%AA%E6%81%A9%E8%AF%89%E6%B8%A9%E8%B5%96%E7%89%B9%E6%A1%88" title="吉迪恩诉温赖特案">吉迪恩诉温赖特案</a></div> <p>该案是美国联邦最高法院历史上具有里程碑意义的判例。吉迪恩诉温赖特案表明了联邦最高法院在将宪法第六修正案（嫌疑犯得到律师协助的权利）和第十四修正案（不经正当法律程序，不得剥夺任何人的生命、自由或财产）推广适用于所有公民（包括穷人）的历程上跨出了重要的一步。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="此后判例"><span id=".E6.AD.A4.E5.90.8E.E5.88.A4.E4.BE.8B"></span>此后判例</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：此后判例"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="伊利诺伊州诉伯金斯案"><span id=".E4.BC.8A.E5.88.A9.E8.AF.BA.E4.BC.8A.E5.B7.9E.E8.AF.89.E4.BC.AF.E9.87.91.E6.96.AF.E6.A1.88"></span>伊利诺伊州诉伯金斯案</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：伊利诺伊州诉伯金斯案"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%BA%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%89%E4%BC%AF%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊利诺伊州诉伯金斯案（页面不存在）">伊利诺伊州诉伯金斯案</a></div><p>（Illinois v. Perkins, 496 U.S. 292 (1990)） </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="迪根森诉合众国案"><span id=".E8.BF.AA.E6.A0.B9.E6.A3.AE.E8.AF.89.E5.90.88.E4.BC.97.E5.9B.BD.E6.A1.88"></span>迪根森诉合众国案</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：迪根森诉合众国案"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%AA%E6%A0%B9%E6%A3%AE%E8%AF%89%E5%90%88%E4%BC%97%E5%9B%BD%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迪根森诉合众国案（页面不存在）">迪根森诉合众国案</a></div><p>（Dickerson v. United States, 530 U.S. 443 (2000)） </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="在其他地區"><span id=".E5.9C.A8.E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E5.9C.B0.E5.8D.80"></span>在其他地區</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：在其他地區"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="台灣"><span id=".E5.8F.B0.E7.81.A3"></span>台灣</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：台灣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1967年1月13日修正通過之《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%B4%E8%A8%9F%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="刑事訴訟法">刑事訴訟法</a>》第 156 條第四項即規定：「被告未經自白，又無證據，不得僅因其拒絕陳述或保持緘默，而推斷其罪行。」但當時未有關於告知被告緘默權之規定。直至1997年12月12日立法院通過《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%B4%E8%A8%9F%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="刑事訴訟法">刑事訴訟法</a>》修正案，《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%B4%E8%A8%9F%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="刑事訴訟法">刑事訴訟法</a>》第 95 條第 2 款新增規定訊問被告應先告知得保持緘默，無須違背自己之意思而為陳述。2013年1月23日公布施行之現行《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%B4%E8%A8%9F%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="刑事訴訟法">刑事訴訟法</a>》第 95 條規定：「訊問被告應先告知下列事項：一、犯罪嫌疑及所犯所有罪名。罪名經告知後，認為應變更者，應再告知。二、得保持緘默，無須違背自己之意思而為陳述。三、得選任辯護人。如為低收入戶、中低收入戶、原住民或其他依法令得請求法律扶助者，得請求之。四、得請求調查有利之證據。無辯護人之被告表示已選任辯護人時，應即停止訊問。但被告同意續行訊問者，不在此限。」同時新增第 100-1 條（現第 100-2 條）：「本章之規定，於司法警察官或司法警察詢問犯罪嫌疑人時，準用之。」 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="香港"><span id=".E9.A6.99.E6.B8.AF"></span>香港</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：香港"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%8C%AA%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="警匪電影">警匪電影</a>或有關警察事務的戲劇中，經常會使用米蘭達警告的香港版本﹕ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>「依家唔係事必要你講，但你所講嘅嘢，都會用筆記低，將來可能成為呈堂證供。」（現在你並非一定要說話，但你說的話都會被記錄下來，將來有可能成為呈堂證供。）</p></blockquote> <p>根據<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%89%E5%B1%80_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="保安局 (香港)">保安司</a>於1992年頒布《查問疑犯及錄取口供的規則及指示》，實際的警誡詞如下﹕ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>「唔係是必要你講嘅，除非你自己想講喇，但係你所講嘅嘢，可能用筆寫低及用嚟做證供嘅。」（你不一定要說話，除非你有話要說。但是，你說的話可能會以筆寫下來及用作證供。）<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中國大陸"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B.E5.A4.A7.E9.99.B8"></span>中國大陸</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：中國大陸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中華人民共和國法律目前沒有關於緘默權的明確規定。刑事訴訟法第118條規定：「偵查人員在訊問犯罪嫌疑人的時候，應當首先訊問犯罪嫌疑人是否有犯罪行為，讓他陳述有罪的情節或者無罪的辯解，然後向他提出問題。犯罪嫌疑人對偵查人員的提問，應當如實回答。但是對與本案無關的問題，有拒絕回答的權利。」直至2012年3月14日第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议审议通过了《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法修正案（草案）》。修正后的刑事诉讼法第50条明确规定：「不得强迫任何人证实自己有罪」，但是，关于该条款究竟是否赋予了被追诉人沉默权，理论界和实务界产生了认识上的分歧，有些学者<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>认为，中国大陸已经在立法上承认了緘默权制度，即所谓的“中国式緘默权”。但是也有些观点<sup class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%A8%A1%E7%A8%9C%E5%85%A9%E5%8F%AF" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/不要模稜兩可"><span title="缺少主语或者主语不够具体的语句修正请求"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[谁？]</span></span></a></sup>指出，中国大陸没有建立緘默权制度，因为“不得强迫任何人证实自己有罪”不等于緘默权。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E9%BB%98%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="沉默权">沉默权</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%85%E6%84%8F%E7%BC%84%E9%BB%98" title="故意缄默">故意缄默</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米兰达卡片（页面不存在）">米兰达卡片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米兰达权利（页面不存在）">米兰达权利</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/law/help/digitized-books/miranda-v-arizona/miranda-documents.php">Miranda v. 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Oyez. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-10-03</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1965/759">原始内容</a>存档于2019-09-05） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A&rft.btitle=Miranda+v.+Arizona&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Oyez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oyez.org%2Fcases%2F1965%2F759&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=721002024916368331"><i>United States v. 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U.K., Reports 1996-I</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">林鈺雄，〈論不自證己罪原則－歐洲法整合趨勢及我國法發展之評析〉，《國立臺灣大學法學論叢》第 35 卷第 2 期，1-60頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HeritageJune-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HeritageJune_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kelly, Jack. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080704141306/http://www.americanheritage.com/events/articles/web/20060613-ernesto-miranda-rights-supreme-court-fifth-amendment-arizona-constitution-scottsboro.shtml">The Miranda Decision – 40 Years Later</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Heritage_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Heritage (magazine)（页面不存在）">American Heritage</a></i>. 2006-06-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-08-24</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com">原始内容</a>存档于2008-07-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.btitle=The+Miranda+Decision+%E2%80%93+40+Years+Later&rft.date=2006-06-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%27%27American+Heritage%27%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%B8" title="律政司">律政司</a>、保安局 (2005). "[查問疑犯及錄取口供的規則及指示：警誡詞 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr05-06/chinese/panels/se/papers/se0103cb2-754-04-c.pdf">http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr05-06/chinese/panels/se/papers/se0103cb2-754-04-c.pdf</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20141102073656/http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr05-06/chinese/panels/se/papers/se0103cb2-754-04-c.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）]" (PDF). p. 5. 2015-03-31瀏覽.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2012/08/id/538703.shtml">从新刑诉法看中国已确立沉默权制度</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20231118132247/https://www.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2012/08/id/538703.shtml">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）何家弘中国法院网</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://article.chinalawinfo.com:81/article_print.asp?articleid=78583">刑事诉讼法修改背景下的沉默权制度研究</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180221161355/http://article.chinalawinfo.com:81/article_print.asp?articleid=78583">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）杨逸群北大法律信息网</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.96.B1.E8.AE.80"></span>延伸閱讀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：延伸閱讀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Coldrey, J. (1990) "The Right to Silence Reassessed" 74 <i>Victorian Bar News</i> 25.</li> <li>Coldrey, J. (1991) "The Right to Silence: Should it be curtailed or abolished?", 20 <i>Anglo-American Law Review</i> 51.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=4134124">"Rehnquist's legacy"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20091015122011/http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=4134124">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" class="mw-redirect" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. July 2–8, 2005. p. 28.</li> <li>Stevenson, N. (1982) "Criminal Cases in the NSW District Court: A Pilot Study" In J. Basten, M. Richardson, C. Ronalds and G. Zdenkowski (eds.), <i>The Criminal Injustice System</i> Sydney: Australian Legal Workers Group (NSW) and Legal Service Bulletin.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usconstitution.net/miranda.html">"The Miranda Warning." – The U.S. Constitution Online. N.p., n.d. 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B2%E9%97%A8%E5%B9%B6%E5%91%8A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="敲门并告知（页面不存在）">敲门并告知</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock-and-announce" class="extiw" title="en:Knock-and-announce"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Knock-and-announce</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A7%E6%80%A5%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5" title="紧急情况">紧急情况</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E7%90%86%E6%87%B7%E7%96%91" title="合理懷疑">合理怀疑</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="搜查及檢取" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Search and seizure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%90%9C%E6%9F%A5%E5%8F%8A%E6%AA%A2%E5%8F%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="搜查及檢取（页面不存在）">搜查及檢取</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_and_seizure" class="extiw" title="en:Search and seizure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Search and seizure</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2_(%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%B4%E8%A8%9F)" title="搜索 (刑事訴訟)">搜索</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%9C%E6%9F%A5%E4%BB%A4" title="搜查令">搜查令</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%A3%E6%8A%BC_(%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%B4%E8%A8%9F)" title="扣押 (刑事訴訟)">扣押</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%AE%E6%8D%95" title="逮捕">逮捕</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%98%E6%8D%95%E4%BB%A4" title="拘捕令">拘捕令</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%88%E6%8A%BC" title="羈押">羈押</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%98%E9%BB%98%E6%AC%8A" title="緘默權">緘默權</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">米兰达警告</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="正式嫌疑人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arguido"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E5%AB%8C%E7%96%91%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="正式嫌疑人（页面不存在）">正式嫌疑人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arguido" class="extiw" title="en:Arguido"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arguido</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA%E5%AB%8C%E7%96%91%E4%BA%BA" title="犯罪嫌疑人">犯罪嫌疑人</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%B4%E8%A8%9F%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="刑事訴訟法">訴訟程序</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E6%BB%85%E6%99%82%E6%95%88" title="消滅時效">消滅時效</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A9%E8%B5%B7%E8%A8%B4%E8%99%95%E5%88%86" title="緩起訴處分">中止檢控</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="褫奪權法案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bill of attainder"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A4%AB%E5%A5%AA%E6%AC%8A%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="褫奪權法案（页面不存在）">褫奪權法案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_of_attainder" class="extiw" title="en:Bill of attainder"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bill of attainder</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%AA%E5%AF%A9%E5%9C%98" title="陪審團">陪審團</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%BD%E6%BA%AF%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4" title="追溯法令">追溯法令</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="刑事司法管辖权" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Criminal jurisdiction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%AE%A1%E8%BE%96%E6%9D%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="刑事司法管辖权（页面不存在）">刑事司法管辖权</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_jurisdiction" class="extiw" title="en:Criminal jurisdiction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Criminal jurisdiction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E6%9C%9F%E8%B5%B7%E8%AF%89" title="延期起诉">延期起诉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E6%B8%A1%E6%B3%95" title="引渡法">引渡法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E8%BA%AB%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E4%BB%A4" title="人身保護令">人身保護令</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E9%87%8B" title="保釋">保釋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BE%E5%95%8F%E5%BC%8F%E8%A8%B4%E8%A8%9F" title="糾問式訴訟">糾問式訴訟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%8A%97%E5%88%B6" title="對抗制">對抗制</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">控罪及答辩</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E5%BE%B7%E6%8A%97%E8%BE%A9" title="阿尔弗德抗辩">阿尔弗德抗辩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%A8%B4%E6%8F%90%E6%8E%A7" title="公訴提控">公訴提控</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="告發書" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Information (formal criminal charge)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%8A%E7%99%BC%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="告發書（页面不存在）">告發書</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_(formal_criminal_charge)" class="extiw" title="en:Information (formal criminal charge)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Information (formal criminal charge)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%A8%B4" title="公訴">公訴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%94%E8%BE%AF_(%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B)" title="答辯 (刑事)">答辯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="絕對性答辯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peremptory plea"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%95%E5%B0%8D%E6%80%A7%E7%AD%94%E8%BE%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="絕對性答辯（页面不存在）">絕對性答辯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peremptory_plea" class="extiw" title="en:Peremptory plea"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peremptory plea</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="不爭辯答辯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nolo contendere"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E7%88%AD%E8%BE%AF%E7%AD%94%E8%BE%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不爭辯答辯（页面不存在）">不爭辯答辯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nolo_contendere" class="extiw" title="en:Nolo contendere"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nolo contendere</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%BD%AA%E5%8D%94%E5%95%86" title="認罪協商">認罪協商</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="判決前調查" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Presentence Investigation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%A4%E6%B1%BA%E5%89%8D%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="判決前調查（页面不存在）">判決前調查</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentence_Investigation" class="extiw" title="en:Presentence Investigation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Presentence Investigation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關領域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E8%BE%AF%E8%AD%B7" title="Category:刑事辯護">刑事辯護</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E6%B3%95" title="刑法">刑法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%89%E6%93%9A" title="證據">證據</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法律濫用" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Legal abuse"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E6%BF%AB%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法律濫用（页面不存在）">法律濫用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_abuse" class="extiw" title="en:Legal abuse"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Legal abuse</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="Portal:法律">Portal:法律</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=米兰达警告&oldid=84958149">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=米兰达警告&oldid=84958149</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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