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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teoría_di_e_desaroyo_lokal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Teoría di e desaroyo lokal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teoría_di_e_desaroyo_lokal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gramatika,_ortografia_i_vokalnan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gramatika,_ortografia_i_vokalnan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Gramatika, ortografia i vokalnan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gramatika,_ortografia_i_vokalnan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status_aktual" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_aktual"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Status aktual</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status_aktual-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Promoshon_di_papiamentu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Promoshon_di_papiamentu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Promoshon di papiamentu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Promoshon_di_papiamentu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wak_tambe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wak_tambe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Wak tambe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wak_tambe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Link_eksterno" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Link_eksterno"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Link eksterno</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Link_eksterno-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nota" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nota"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Nota</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nota-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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<div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 idioma</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiaments" title="Papiaments – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Papiaments" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="بابيامنتو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بابيامنتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamentu" title="Papiamentu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Papiamentu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="پاپیامنتو دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پاپیامنتو دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamentu" title="Papiamentu – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Papiamentu" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%E2%80%99%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Пап’ямента – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пап’ямента" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Папіямэнта – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Папіямэнта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Папиаменто – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Папиаменто" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiament" title="Papiament – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Papiament" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento_(sprog)" title="Papiamento (sprog) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Papiamento (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamentu" title="Papiamentu – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Papiamentu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Παπιαμέντο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παπιαμέντο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – ingles" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingles" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – spañó" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spañó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento_keel" title="Papiamento keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Papiamento keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="پاپیامنتو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پاپیامنتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamentu" title="Papiamentu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Papiamentu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – franses" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franses" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamintsk" title="Papiamintsk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Papiamintsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Phaipeamaintis" title="An Phaipeamaintis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Phaipeamaintis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95" title="פפיאמנטו – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פפיאמנטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B" title="पापियामेन्टो – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पापियामेन्टो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamentu" title="Papiamentu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Papiamentu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Պապիամենտու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պապիամենտու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – indones" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indones" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_papiamento" title="Lingua papiamento – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua papiamento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%94%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E8%AA%9E" title="パピアメント語 – hapones" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パピアメント語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="hapones" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Papiamento" title="Basa Papiamento – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D" title="პაპიამენტო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პაპიამენტო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%ED%94%BC%EC%95%84%EB%A9%98%ED%86%A0%EC%96%B4" title="파피아멘토어 – koreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파피아멘토어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Папъяменто (кыв) – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Папъяменто (кыв)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiaments" title="Papiaments – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Papiaments" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento_kalba" title="Papiamento kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Papiamento kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papjamento" title="Papjamento – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Papjamento" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="പാപ്പിയമെന്റൂ ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാപ്പിയമെന്റൂ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiaments" title="Papiaments – hulandes" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Papiaments" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hulandes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_papiamento" title="Język papiamento – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język papiamento" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="پپیامینتو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پپیامینتو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – portugues" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugues" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_papiamento" title="Lènga papiamento – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga papiamento" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Папьяменто – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Папьяменто" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%B3_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱯᱟᱯᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱟᱯᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_papiamentu" title="Limba papiamentu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba papiamentu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papijamento" title="Papijamento – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Papijamento" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipapiamentu" title="Kipapiamentu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kipapiamentu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B" title="பப்பியாமெந்தோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பப்பியாமெந்தோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Papiamento" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Папьяменто – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Папьяменто" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%27%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Пап'яменто – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пап'яменто" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="پاپیامینتو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پاپیامینتو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%9A%AE%E9%98%BF%E9%97%A8%E6%89%98%E8%AF%AD" title="帕皮阿门托语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="帕皮阿门托语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%9A%AE%E9%98%BF%E9%97%A8%E6%89%98%E8%AF%AD" title="帕皮阿门托语 – chines" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="帕皮阿门托语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chines" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9E%E6%9B%BC%E5%A4%9A%E8%A9%B1" title="巴皮亞曼多話 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巴皮亞曼多話" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33856#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Editá lenk</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Di espasio di nòmbernan"> <div 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haci <a class="external text" href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&action=edit">e artikulo</a> aki miho door di añadi fuentenan konfiabel. <br /> </td> </tr> </tbody></table><div style="margin-bottom:0.5em;"></div><div style="font-size:95%; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><i>E artíkulo aki ta skirbí na <b><a href="/wiki/Ortografia_di_papiamentu" title="Ortografia di papiamentu">papiamentu</a></b>. Lo ta apresiá si por mantené e artíkulo aki na estilo di <b>papiamentu</b>.</i></div> <table style="width:19em; font-size:88%; border-radius:2px; border:1px solid #c8ccd1" class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop" style="background-color:#e3e3e3; background-color:#e3e3e3; color:#000000; text-align:center; font-size:130%;" colspan="3">Papiamentu </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dushi_Caribbean_style_mural.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Papiamentu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Dushi_Caribbean_style_mural.jpg/266px-Dushi_Caribbean_style_mural.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Dushi_Caribbean_style_mural.jpg/399px-Dushi_Caribbean_style_mural.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Dushi_Caribbean_style_mural.jpg/532px-Dushi_Caribbean_style_mural.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3672" data-file-height="4896" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Utilisá na </th> <td colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r124396">.mw-parser-output .hlijst ol,.mw-parser-output .hlijst ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlijst li{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlijst.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlijst.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlijst.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlijst ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlijst ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlijst ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlijst ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlijst .mw-empty-elt{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlijst li:after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlijst li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlijst li li:first-child:before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlijst li li:last-child:after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlijst ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlijst ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlijst ol>li:before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlijst li ol>li:first-child:before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <div class="hlijst"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B2rsou" title="Kòrsou">Kòrsou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boneiru" title="Boneiru">Boneiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulanda" title="Hulanda">Hulanda</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lenga_materno" title="Lenga materno">Nativo</a> pa </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Karibe_Hulandes" title="Karibe Hulandes">Karibe Hulandes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Populashon <br />di usuario </th> <td colspan="2">341.300<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Famia_di_idioma" class="mw-redirect" title="Famia di idioma">Famia <br />lingwístiko</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Idioma_krioyo" title="Idioma krioyo">Idioma krioyo</a> <ul><li>Idioma Portugues krioyo <ul><li>Papiamento</li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dialecto" title="Dialecto">Dialekto</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div> <a href="/wiki/Papiamento_na_Aruba" title="Papiamento na Aruba">Papiamento</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Papiamentu_na_K%C3%B3rsou" title="Papiamentu na Kórsou">Papiamentu</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Papiamentu_na_Boneiru" title="Papiamentu na Boneiru">Papiamen</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Sistema di <br />skritura </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_latin" title="Alfabet latin">Alfabet Latino</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop" style="background-color:#e3e3e3; background-color:#e3e3e3; color:#000000;" colspan="3">Státus ofisial </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Idioma_ofisial" title="Idioma ofisial">Ofisial na </a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="ekspandé" data-collapsetext="X"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Aruba.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/25px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/38px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/50px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bonaire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/25px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/38px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/50px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Boneiru" title="Boneiru">Boneiru</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/25px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/38px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/50px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B2rsou" title="Kòrsou">Kòrsou</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Regulá pa </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fundashon_pa_Planifikashon_di_Idioma" title="Fundashon pa Planifikashon di Idioma">Fundashon pa Planifikashon di Idioma</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop" style="background-color:#e3e3e3; background-color:#e3e3e3; color:#000000;" colspan="3">Kódigo </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">ISO 639-2 </th> <td colspan="2">pap </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">ISO 639-3 </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/pap">pap</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ABCEilandenLocatie.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Papiamentu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/ABCEilandenLocatie.PNG" decoding="async" width="266" height="122" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="115" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Papiamentu</b> (na <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>: <b>Papiamento</b>) ta un <a href="/wiki/Idioma_krioyo" title="Idioma krioyo">idioma krioyo</a> ku un base <a href="/wiki/Portugues" title="Portugues">portugues</a>-<a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">afrikano</a>. Banda di e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arawak_(lenga)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arawak (lenga) (página no t'ei)">lenganan Arawak</a> ku restunan di e habitantenan original di <a href="/wiki/Islanan_ABC" title="Islanan ABC">islanan ABC</a> tabata papia, papiamentu su vokabulario ta influenshá pa e idiomanan <a href="/wiki/Ingles" title="Ingles">ingles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hulandes" title="Hulandes">hulandes</a> i <a href="/wiki/Spa%C3%B1o" title="Spaño">spaño</a>. E ta e lenga mas papiá na <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boneiru" title="Boneiru">Boneiru</a> i <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B2rsou" title="Kòrsou">Kòrsou</a>. Ta skirbi e nòmber di e lenga diferente na <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a><b>,</b> esta <i>Papiamento</i> i diferente na <a href="/wiki/Boneiru" title="Boneiru">Boneiru</a> i <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B2rsou" title="Kòrsou">Kòrsou</a><b>,</b> esta <i>Papiamentu.</i> E lucha pa un <a href="/wiki/Ortografia" title="Ortografia">ortografía</a> uniforme na islanan di <a href="/wiki/Antias_Hulandes" title="Antias Hulandes">Antias Hulandes</a> di antaño a dura largu i a resultá finalmente den dos entidat polítiko i dos diferente <a href="/wiki/Ortografia" title="Ortografia">ortografía</a>. </p><p>Na 2003 Papiamentu a keda rekonosí komo <a href="/wiki/Idioma_ofisial" title="Idioma ofisial">idioma ofisial</a> na Aruba banda di Hulandes i na 2007 na <a href="/wiki/Antias_Hulandes" title="Antias Hulandes">Antias Hulandes</a> banda di Hulandes i Ingles. Na 2022 Gobièrnu hulandes ta propone pa rekonosé Papiamentu na Boneiru komo idioma di minoria na <a href="/wiki/Oropa" title="Oropa">Oropa</a> i pa laga esaki resorta bou di e "Charter oropeo pa idiomanan regional i di minoria".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editá servisio: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>editá fuente</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Segun historia, e vokabulario básiko i e karakterístika gramatikal ta similar ku esun di e lenga di <a href="/wiki/Kabu_Verdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabu Verdi">Kabo Bèrdè</a> ku a surgi ku un fundeshi básiko ku ta di Portugues i otro influensia ku a pasa despues (<a href="/wiki/Siglo_17" title="Siglo 17">siglo 17</a> i <a href="/wiki/Siglo_18" title="Siglo 18">18</a> respektivamente). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niewindt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Niewindt.jpg/220px-Niewindt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Niewindt.jpg/330px-Niewindt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Niewindt.jpg/440px-Niewindt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="878" data-file-height="1316" /></a><figcaption>Buki mas bieu na Papiamentu ku a keda konservá</figcaption></figure> <p>E nòmber di e idioma mes ta bin di <i>papear</i>, un palabra usá den Portugues i Spañó kolonial: e ta kompará ku <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papi%C3%A1_Kristang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papiá Kristang (página no t'ei)">Papiá Kristang</a>,</i> basá riba e Portugues krioyo di <a href="/wiki/Malasia" title="Malasia">Malasia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a>, i e krioyo di Kabo Bèrdè <i>papiâ</i> òf den Karibe (<a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republika_Dominikano" title="Republika Dominikano">Repúblika Dominikano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>) "papiar"- papia ekstensivamente (pero tambe den e término Portugues kiermen "kome"). <a href="/wiki/Spa%C3%B1a" title="Spaña">Spaña</a> a klama e dominio riba e islanan den <a href="/wiki/Siglo_15" title="Siglo 15">siglo 15</a>, pero nan no a hasi hopi uso di dje. Na 1634, <a href="/wiki/West_Indische_Compagnie" title="West Indische Compagnie">West Indische Compagnie</a> (WIC) a tuma e islanan den su poder, deportando e Arawaknan ku a keda i e poblashon Spañó pa nan respektivo kontinente. E islanan a bira sentro di trato di <a href="/wiki/Sklabitut" title="Sklabitut">katibu</a> entre <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> i <a href="/wiki/Laman_Karibe" title="Laman Karibe">Karibe</a>. </p><p> E historia di e orígen di Papiamentu te ainda no ta konosí. Probablemente Papiamentu a nase for di Português òf for di Spañó. Un resúmen di e debate tokante Papiamentu ta di haña den un buki di Jacobs (2009a). </p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Letter_from_Anna_Charje_in_the_name_of_Jantje_Boufet_(1783).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Letter_from_Anna_Charje_in_the_name_of_Jantje_Boufet_%281783%29.jpg/260px-Letter_from_Anna_Charje_in_the_name_of_Jantje_Boufet_%281783%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Letter_from_Anna_Charje_in_the_name_of_Jantje_Boufet_%281783%29.jpg/390px-Letter_from_Anna_Charje_in_the_name_of_Jantje_Boufet_%281783%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Letter_from_Anna_Charje_in_the_name_of_Jantje_Boufet_%281783%29.jpg/520px-Letter_from_Anna_Charje_in_the_name_of_Jantje_Boufet_%281783%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7008" data-file-height="5104" /></a><figcaption>Karta di 1783 ku e promé teksto konosí na Papiamentu</figcaption></figure><p> E promé evidensia di e uso generalisá di e Papiamento di Aruba por wòrdu hañá den un dokumento ofisial di Kòrsou den siglo 18. Den <a href="/wiki/Siglo_19" title="Siglo 19">siglo 19</a>, e mayoria di e materialnan tabata skirbí na Papiamento inkluyendo buki di skol, materialnan di <a href="/wiki/Iglesia_Catolico_Romano" title="Iglesia Catolico Romano">iglesia katóliko romano</a> i e himnarionan. E promé kòrant na Papiamentu publiká na aña <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a> tabatin komo título "Civilisado". "Civilizador" ta un palabra Spañó i Portugues, pero e por a wòrdu komprondé ya ku ta un kustumber ku den papiamentu e "r" na final di e palabra tradusí ta kai afó.</p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonaire_Papiamentu_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bonaire_Papiamentu_03.jpg/260px-Bonaire_Papiamentu_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bonaire_Papiamentu_03.jpg/390px-Bonaire_Papiamentu_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bonaire_Papiamentu_03.jpg/520px-Bonaire_Papiamentu_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Algun orígen di palabranan na Papiamentu</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teoría_di_e_desaroyo_lokal"><span id="Teor.C3.ADa_di_e_desaroyo_lokal"></span>Teoría di e desaroyo lokal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editá servisio: Teoría di e desaroyo lokal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Teoría di e desaroyo lokal"><span>editá fuente</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tin diferente teoría tokante e desaroyo lokal. Den un sierto teoría ta proponé ku Papiamento a desaroya den Caribe for di un pidgin Portugues-Afrikano, e tabata wòrdu usá pa komuniká ku e katibunan di Afrika i katibu Portugues ku despues Hulandes i Spaño (tambe Arawak) a influensiá. </p><p>E poblashon Hudiu-Portugues di islanan ABC a krese konsiderablemente despues di 1654, ora e Portuguesnan a rekuperá e teritorio Hulandes den nort-ost <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a>, kousando ku e mayoria di e papiadónan Portugues di e tera mester a huí di e persekushon religioso. E ròl presis di Hudiu Sefardi den kuminsamento di e desaroyo no ta konosí, pero loke si ta definitivo ta ku e ta hunga un ròl prominente den e desaroyo di Papiamentu. </p><p>Hopi di e promé residentenan di Kòrsou tabata Hudiu Sefardí òf di <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spa%C3%B1a" title="Spaña">Spaña</a> òf Brasil. P'esei por asumí ku e Hudiu-Spañó a wòrdu tresé pa Kòrsou, kaminda gradualmente a plama pa otro partinan di e komunidat. Komo e komunidat Hudiu a bira importante den merkadeo i komersio, nan tabata papia na Papiamento ku un poko di influensha di Ladino. Mientras varios nashon tabata bas di e isla, Papiamentu a bira e idioma mas papiá di tur dia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gramatika,_ortografia_i_vokalnan"><span id="Gramatika.2C_ortografia_i_vokalnan"></span>Gramatika, ortografia i vokalnan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editá servisio: Gramatika, ortografia i vokalnan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Gramatika, ortografia i vokalnan"><span>editá fuente</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Articulo principal</i>: <i><a href="/wiki/Gramatica_di_Papiamento" title="Gramatica di Papiamento">Gramatika di papiamentu</a></i> <br /> <i>Articulo principal</i>: <i><a href="/wiki/Ortografia_di_Papiamento" title="Ortografia di Papiamento">Ortografia di Aruba</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ortografia_di_papiamentu" title="Ortografia di papiamentu">Ortografia di Boneiru i Kòrsou</a></i> </p><p>Kòrsou i Boneiru ta usa un sistema di skibimentu fonétiko. Aruba tin un sistema históriko-<a href="/wiki/Etimologia" title="Etimologia">etimologico</a> influencia pa Spañó. </p><p>Parti distintivo di e sistema di Kòrsou<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>E zonido /k/ semper ta indiká pa e lèter <b>k</b>. (Na Aruba /k/ por habitá <b>c</b> òf <b>k</b> .)</li> <li>Aksènt agudo ta indiká sílaba ku tin strès impronostikabel.</li> <li>E sistema di Kòrsou tin e lèternan <b>è</b>, <b>ò</b>, <b>ù</b>, <b>ü</b>.</li> <li>E sistema di Kòrsou no tin <b>x</b>.</li></ul> <p>Papiamentu tin e siguiente 9 vokalnan.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> E sistema di Kòrsou tin un símbolo pa kada vokal. E sistema di Aruba ku 6 símbolo tin mas ambigwedat. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alfab%C3%A8t_Fon%C3%A9tiko_Internashonal" title="Alfabèt Fonétiko Internashonal">A.F.I.</a></th> <th>Ortografia di Boneiru/Kòrsou</th> <th>Ortografia di Aruba </th></tr> <tr> <td>a</td> <td>a den <b>kana</b></td> <td>a den <b>cana</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>e</td> <td>e den <b>sker, nechi</b></td> <td>e den <b>sker</b> (= ingles <i>to rip</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɛ</td> <td>è den <b>skèr, nèchi</b></td> <td>e den <b>sker</b> (= ingles <i>scissors</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>i</td> <td>i den <b>chikí</b></td> <td>i den <b>chikitin</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>o</td> <td>o den <b>bonchi, doló</b></td> <td>o den <b>dolor</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɔ</td> <td>ò den <b>bònchi, dòler</b></td> <td>o den <b>dollar</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>u</td> <td>u den <b>kunuku</b></td> <td>u den <b>cunucu</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ø</td> <td>ù den <b>brùg</b></td> <td>u den <b>brug</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>y</td> <td>ü den <b>hür</b></td> <td>uu den <b>huur</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status_aktual">Status aktual</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editá servisio: Status aktual" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Status aktual"><span>editá fuente</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den senso di 2000 i 2001, un logra konta un total di 106.054 hende na Kòrsou, 59.984 hende na Aruba, i 8059 hende na Boneiru ku a bisa ku papiamentu ta nan idioma di papiá na kas. Kasi tur hende ku ta biba na e <a href="/wiki/Islanan_ABC" title="Islanan ABC">islanan ABC</a> y ku a nase na e <a href="/wiki/Islanan_ABC" title="Islanan ABC">islanan ABC</a> por papia papiamentu. Ademas hopi imigrante for di e islanan ABC ta bai biba na <a href="/wiki/Hulanda" title="Hulanda">Hulanda</a>; ku nan no sa papia papiamentu na kas. </p><p>Aki un bista di e kantidat di papiadónan di Papiamentu na e islanan ABC. Komo ku e sifranan di senso no a sali riba mesun dia, a pone e fecha di e delaster senso na kada isla. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Lenga</b> </td> <td><b>Papiá na Aruba</b> <p><b>(den %), aña 2000</b> </p> </td> <td><b>Papiá na Bonaire, (den %), aña 2013</b> </td> <td><b>Papiá na Kòrsou, (den %), aña 2011</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Papiamentu </td> <td>69.4 </td> <td>63.8 </td> <td>78.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hulandes </td> <td>6.1 </td> <td>15.4 </td> <td>9.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spañó </td> <td>13.2 </td> <td>15.2 </td> <td>6.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ingles </td> <td>8.1 </td> <td>4.5 </td> <td>3.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Otro/deskonosí </td> <td>3.2 </td> <td>1.2 </td> <td>2.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>100% </td> <td>100% </td> <td>100% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Tabèl 1. Lenganan papiá na islanan ABC</i> </p><p>Ta papia Papiamentu ademas na e islanan ku anteriormente tabata forma parti di Antia hulandes esta: <a href="/wiki/Saba" title="Saba">Saba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint-Eustatius</a>. Nativo di islanan ABC ku ta biba den eksterior i tin ora nan desendientenan primeramente na <a href="/wiki/Hulanda" title="Hulanda">Hulanda</a>, tambe ta papia Papiamentu. Tin tambe papiadónan di Papiamentu na <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Suriname">Sürnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republika_Dominikano" title="Republika Dominikano">Sto. Domingo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estadonan_Uni_di_Merka" class="mw-redirect" title="Estadonan Uni di Merka">Merka</a> i otro paisnan kaminda yiunan di tera a bai residí. </p><p>Nos por referí na ambos manera di skirbi tambe: <i>Papiamento/u</i> pasobra kasi tu palabra ku o -final ta keda pronunsiá ku u- final na ámbos isla. </p><p>Papiamentu su pronunsiashon i melodia ta varia di isla pa isla, tin bes hasta bario pa bario i tin Papiamentu di ántes i Papiamentu modèrno. E vokabulario en general ta igual na tur tres isla pero tin variashon entre palabranan uzá na kada isla. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editá servisio: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Literatura"><span>editá fuente</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niewindt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Niewindt.jpg/197px-Niewindt.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Niewindt.jpg/296px-Niewindt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Niewindt.jpg/394px-Niewindt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="878" data-file-height="1316" /></a><figcaption>Buki mas bieu na Papiamentu ku a keda konservá.</figcaption></figure> <p>E literatura Papiamentu (<a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>: Literatura Papiamento) ta <a href="/wiki/Literatura" title="Literatura">literatura</a> oral i skirbí den <a class="mw-selflink selflink">papiamentu</a>. E ta okupá su mes ku <a href="/wiki/Poesia" title="Poesia">poesia</a>, prosa i otro tekstonan na Papiamentu i <a href="/wiki/Papiamento_na_Aruba" title="Papiamento na Aruba">Papiamento</a>. </p><p>E buki mas bieu na Papiamentu ku a keda konservá ta <i><a href="/wiki/Catecismo_Corticu" title="Catecismo Corticu">Catecismo Corticu</a></i>, imprimí na 1824. Traduktor ta <a href="/wiki/Martinus_Niewindt" title="Martinus Niewindt">Martinus Niewindt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Promoshon_di_papiamentu">Promoshon di papiamentu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editá servisio: Promoshon di papiamentu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Promoshon di papiamentu"><span>editá fuente</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ku e meta pa promove papiamentu a lanta varios organisashon. Pa fasilita kolaborashon entre e organisashonnan aki a funda e <i>Plataforma Union di Papiamentu</i> na 2012. Miembronan di e plataforma ta: </p> <ul><li>Fundashon Splika - Hulanda</li> <li>Fundashon Lanta Papiamento - Aruba</li> <li>Akademia Papiamentu - Boneiru</li> <li>Fundashon Dushi Papiamentu - Boneiru</li> <li>Instituto Alsa Papiamentu - Kòrsou</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wak_tambe">Wak tambe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editá servisio: Wak tambe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Wak tambe"><span>editá fuente</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ortografia_di_Papiamento" title="Ortografia di Papiamento">Ortografia di Papiamento</a> (Aruba)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortografia_di_papiamentu" title="Ortografia di papiamentu">Ortografia di papiamentu</a> (Boneiru i Kòrsou)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramatica_di_Papiamento" title="Gramatica di Papiamento">Gramátika di papiamentu</a> (Aruba, Boneiru i i Kòrsou)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zjudeo-papiamentu" title="Zjudeo-papiamentu">Zjudeo-papiamentu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_di_papiamentista" title="Lista di papiamentista">Lista di papiamentista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premio_Cadushi_di_Cristal" title="Premio Cadushi di Cristal">Kadushi di Kristal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Link_eksterno">Link eksterno</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editá servisio: Link eksterno" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Link eksterno"><span>editá fuente</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131003032509/http://www.fpi.cw/">Fundashon pa Planifikashon di Idioma</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.papiamento.aw/">Site di Ministerio di Enseñansa Aruba</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nota">Nota</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editá servisio: Nota" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Nota"><span>editá fuente</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pap">Ethnologue</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Idioma: hulandes">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">nl</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curacao.nu/nederland-wil-het-papiaments-op-bonaire-erkennen-als-minderheidstaal-in-europa/">Nederland wil het Papiaments op Bonaire erkennen als minderheidstaal in Europa</a>. <i>Curaçao Nu</i> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-04-12">12 aprel 2022</span>). Konsultá dia <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-04-13">13 aprel 2022</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Ortografia di papiamentu, di dos edishon.</i> Korsou: Sekshon Informativo di Schooladviesdienst, 1983</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Philippe Maurer. Die Verschriftung des Papiamentu, den <i>Zum Stand der Kodifizierung romanischer Kleinsprachen.</i> Gunter Narr Verlag, 1990</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/39722002/PAPIAMENTU_IN_THE_FIRST_HALF_OF_THE_NINETEENTH_CENTURY">Severing, Ronald & Weijer, Christa & Faraclas, Nicholas (2018) Papiamentu in the first half of the nineteenth century</a></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">For di "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&oldid=139944">https://pap.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Papiamentu&oldid=139944</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Kategorianan</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Artikulonan_ku_mester_di_mas_referensia" title="Category:Artikulonan ku mester di mas referensia">Artikulonan ku mester di mas referensia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Papiamento" title="Category:Papiamento">Papiamento</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Deskubrí kategoria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tur_artikulo_ku_mester_di_mas_referensia" title="Category:Tur artikulo ku mester di mas referensia">Tur artikulo ku mester di mas referensia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> A kambia e páginá akí último bia 4 novèmber 2024, 22:36.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">E teksto ta disponé bou di <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; kontenido additional por apliká. 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