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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Society</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1850s</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 94 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1850" title="عقد 1850 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 1850" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_1850" title="Anyos 1850 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 1850" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1850" title="Ans 1850 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ans 1850" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_1850" title="Década del 1850 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 1850" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-ci_ill%C9%99r" title="1850-ci illər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1850-ci illər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-an" title="1850-an – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1850-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="1850 nî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1850 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D1%8F" title="1850-я – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1850-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D1%8F" title="1850-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1850-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D1%82%D0%B5" title="1850-те – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1850-те" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-e" title="1850-e – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1850-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1850" title="Bloavezhioù 1850 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 1850" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_1850" title="Dècada del 1850 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 1850" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="1850-мĕш çулсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1850-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850au" title="1850au – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1850au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%27erne" title="1850'erne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1850'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_1850" title="عوام 1850 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 1850" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-lohku" title="1850-lohku – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1850-lohku" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850er" title="1850er – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1850er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850._aastad" title="1850. aastad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1850. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_1850" title="An 1850 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 1850" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850_%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="1850 це иеть – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1850 це иеть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_1850" title="Años 1850 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 1850" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-aj_jaroj" title="1850-aj jaroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1850-aj jaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850eko_hamarkada" title="1850eko hamarkada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1850eko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B5%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۱۸۵۰ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۱۸۵۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850s" title="1850s – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1850s" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%C3%A1rini" title="1850-árini – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1850-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1850" title="Années 1850 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 1850" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850id%C3%AD" title="1850idí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1850idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850an" title="1850an – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1850an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1850" title="Década de 1850 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 1850" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1850年代 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1850年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="1850년대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1850년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yari_1850a" title="Yari 1850a – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yari 1850a" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-an" title="1850-an – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1850-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D1%82%C3%A6" title="1850-тæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1850-тæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1851-1860" title="1851-1860 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1851-1860" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1850" title="Anni 1850 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 1850" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-50_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-19" title="שנות ה-50 של המאה ה-19 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-50 של המאה ה-19" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-an" title="1850-an – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1850-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="1850-იანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1850-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_1850" title="Miaka ya 1850 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 1850" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="1850-ӧд вояс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1850-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1850" title="Anni 1850 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anni 1850" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850._gadi" title="1850. gadi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1850. gadi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1850" title="Anni 1850 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 1850" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-lugu_vuvvet" title="1850-lugu vuvvet – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1850-lugu vuvvet" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-es_%C3%A9vek" title="1850-es évek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1850-es évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="1850-ти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1850-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १८५० चे दशक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १८५० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="1850-იანეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1850-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1850" title="عقد 1850 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 1850" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-an" title="1850-an – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1850-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="1850 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1850 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-1859" title="1850-1859 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1850-1859" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1850年代 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1850年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%C3%A5rene" title="1850-årene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1850-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_1850" title="Annaées 1850 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 1850" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1850" title="Ans 1850 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ans 1850" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-lar" title="1850-lar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1850-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="1850 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1850 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lata_50._XIX_wieku" title="Lata 50. XIX wieku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lata 50. XIX wieku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1850" title="Década de 1850 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 1850" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_1850" title="Anii 1850 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 1850" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850_watakuna" title="1850 watakuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1850 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="1850-е годы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1850-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D1%81" title="1850-с – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1850-с" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850s" title="1850s – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1850s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_1850" title="Vitet 1850 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 1850" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850ini" title="1850ini – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1850ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850s" title="1850s – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1850s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/50._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia" title="50. roky 19. storočia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="50. roky 19. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850." title="1850. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1850." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D0%B5" title="1850-е – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1850-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-e" title="1850-e – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1850-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-an" title="1850-an – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1850-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-luku" title="1850-luku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1850-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-talet" title="1850-talet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1850-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="1850கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1850கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1850-еллар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1850-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9_1850" title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1850 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1850" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_1850_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 1850 (мелодӣ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 1850 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%27ler" title="1850'ler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1850'ler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="1850ýý – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1850ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D1%82%D1%96" title="1850-ті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1850-ті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="1850ء کی دہائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1850ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1850" title="Thập niên 1850 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 1850" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_1850" title="Anêyes 1850 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 1850" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850_nga_dekada" title="1850 nga dekada – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1850 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1850年代 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1850年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="1850ער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1850ער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1850年代 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1850年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1850年代 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1850年代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40927#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/1850s_Montage.jpg/503px-1850s_Montage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/1850s_Montage.jpg/670px-1850s_Montage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>From left, clockwise: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> introduces the <b><a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a></b> the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a> publishes <i><b><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin">Uncle Tom’s Cabin</a></b></i>; Russian forces fight against British, French and Ottoman forces in <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> during the <b><a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a></b>; <b><a href="/wiki/SS_Arctic" title="SS Arctic">SS <i>Arctic</i></a></b>, an American steamship, sinks in the Atlantic Ocean after a collision with a French steamship, <a href="/wiki/SS_Vesta" title="SS Vesta">SS <i>Vesta</i></a> in 1854; The <b><a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal_Railway" title="Panama Canal Railway">Panama Railroad</a></b> opens in 1855 connecting the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans with a railroad in Central America; Anglo-French and Qing Empire forces engage each other in a four-year long campaign known as the <b><a href="/wiki/Second_Opium_War" title="Second Opium War">Second Opium War</a></b> starting in 1856; <i><b><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a></b></i> denies American citizenship as mandated under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">U.S. Constitution</a> to African Americans; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> publishes <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a></i> in 1859, presenting the idea of <b><a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">natural selection</a></b>.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1830s" title="1830s">1830s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840s" title="1840s">1840s</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1850s</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860s" title="1860s">1860s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870s" title="1870s">1870s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1850" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1850">1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1851" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1851">1851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1852" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1852">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1853" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1853">1853</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1854" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1854">1854</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1855" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1855">1855</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1856" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1856">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1857" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1857">1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1858" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1858">1858</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1859" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1859">1859</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1850s_births" title="Category:1850s births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1850s_deaths" title="Category:1850s deaths">Deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1850s_by_country" title="Category:1850s by country">By country</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1850s_establishments" title="Category:1850s establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1850s_disestablishments" title="Category:1850s disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decadebox" title="Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decadebox" title="Template talk:Decadebox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1850s</b> (pronounced "eighteen-fifties") was a <a href="/wiki/Decade" title="Decade">decade</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> that began on January 1, 1850, and ended on December 31, 1859. </p><p>It was a very turbulent decade, as wars such as the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>, shifted and shook European politics, as well as the expansion of <a href="/wiki/Colonization" title="Colonization">colonization</a> towards the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>, which also sparked conflicts like the <a href="/wiki/Second_Opium_War" title="Second Opium War">Second Opium War</a>. In the meantime, the United States saw its peak on <a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">mass migration to the American West</a>, that particularly made the nation experience an economic boom, as well as a rapidly increasing population. </p><p>The last living person from this decade was <a href="/wiki/Oldest_people#Chronological_list_of_the_oldest_known_living_person_since_1954" title="Oldest people">Ada Roe</a>, who died in 1970. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malakhov1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Malakhov1.jpg/250px-Malakhov1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Malakhov1.jpg/375px-Malakhov1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Malakhov1.jpg/500px-Malakhov1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wars">Wars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1850s&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> (1853–56) fought between <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russia</a> and an alliance consisting of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. The majority of the conflict takes place around Crimea, on the northern coasts of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>.</li> <li>On 8 October 1856 the <a href="/wiki/Second_Opium_War" title="Second Opium War">Second Opium War</a> between several western powers and China begins with the <i>Arrow Incident</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River" title="Pearl River">Pearl River</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_War_of_Italian_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Second War of Italian Independence">Second War of Italian Independence</a> (1859), also known as Franco-Austrian War, or Austro-Sardinian War.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internal_conflicts">Internal conflicts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1850s&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Internal conflicts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The revolt in Alexandria by Alexandrian locals led by Sherekoh, governor of Alexandria against <a href="/wiki/Abbas_I_of_Egypt" title="Abbas I of Egypt">Abbas I of Egypt</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a>, a revolt against British <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonial rule</a> in India.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a> (1854–59): battles erupt in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Territory" title="Kansas Territory">Kansas Territory</a> between proslavery and "<a href="/wiki/Free-Stater_(Kansas)" title="Free-Stater (Kansas)">Free-State</a>" settlers, directly precipitating the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_War" title="Reform War">Reform War</a> (1857–1861) in Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellion</a> (1850–1864) in southeastern China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nian_Rebellion" title="Nian Rebellion">Nian Rebellion</a> (1853–1868) in northern China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_Rebellion_(1854%E2%80%931873)" title="Miao Rebellion (1854–1873)">Miao Rebellion (1854–1873)</a> in Guizhou province, China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Turban_Rebellion_(1854%E2%80%931856)" title="Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856)">Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856)</a> in Guangdong province, China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punti%E2%80%93Hakka_Clan_Wars" title="Punti–Hakka Clan Wars">Punti–Hakka Clan Wars</a> (1855–1867) in Guangdong province, China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panthay_Rebellion" title="Panthay Rebellion">Panthay Rebellion</a> (1856–73) in Yunnan province, China.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prominent_political_events">Prominent political events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1850s&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prominent political events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a> are unified and form <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_T._Stewart" title="Gideon T. Stewart">Gideon T. Stewart</a> attempts to create a <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a>.</li> <li>Dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> by the British.</li> <li>Establishment of the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a> (Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek) and the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a>, granting independence to the <a href="/wiki/Voortrekkers" class="mw-redirect" title="Voortrekkers">Voortrekkers</a> by the British.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assassinations_and_attempts">Assassinations and attempts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1850s&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Assassinations and attempts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1850s&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Prominent assassinations, targeted killings, and assassination attempts include: </p> <ul><li>Assassination of <a href="/wiki/Abbas_I_of_Egypt" title="Abbas I of Egypt">Abbas I of Egypt</a> by 4 of his slaves (1854)</li> <li>Eight were killed and 142 wounded in Paris in a failed assassination attempt on <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>, Emperor of the French (1858).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1850s&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Science and technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Professor_Faraday_lecturing_at_the_Royal_Institution,_27th_December,_1855_RIIC_0006_20110213_BAL_EP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Professor_Faraday_lecturing_at_the_Royal_Institution%2C_27th_December%2C_1855_RIIC_0006_20110213_BAL_EP.jpg/250px-Professor_Faraday_lecturing_at_the_Royal_Institution%2C_27th_December%2C_1855_RIIC_0006_20110213_BAL_EP.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Professor_Faraday_lecturing_at_the_Royal_Institution%2C_27th_December%2C_1855_RIIC_0006_20110213_BAL_EP.jpg/375px-Professor_Faraday_lecturing_at_the_Royal_Institution%2C_27th_December%2C_1855_RIIC_0006_20110213_BAL_EP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Professor_Faraday_lecturing_at_the_Royal_Institution%2C_27th_December%2C_1855_RIIC_0006_20110213_BAL_EP.jpg/500px-Professor_Faraday_lecturing_at_the_Royal_Institution%2C_27th_December%2C_1855_RIIC_0006_20110213_BAL_EP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2957" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> delivering a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_Christmas_Lectures" title="Royal Institution Christmas Lectures">Christmas Lecture at the Royal Institution</a> in London, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1855</span></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Exhibition" title="Great Exhibition">Great Exhibition</a> is held at the <a href="/wiki/The_Crystal_Palace" title="The Crystal Palace">Crystal Palace</a> in 1851, considered to be the first <a href="/wiki/World%27s_fair" title="World's fair">world's fair</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> publishes <i><a href="/wiki/The_Origin_of_Species" class="mw-redirect" title="The Origin of Species">The Origin of Species</a></i>, putting forward the theory of <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a> by natural selection in November 1859.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology" title="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a> begins when <a href="/wiki/John_Snow_(physician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Snow (physician)">John Snow</a> traces the source of an outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> in London to a contaminated water pump.</li> <li>Discovery of <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthal</a> fossils in <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Neanderthal, Germany">Neanderthal, Germany</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_flare" title="Solar flare">Solar flares</a> discovered by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Christopher_Carrington" title="Richard Christopher Carrington">Richard Christopher Carrington</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a> established in 1850.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economics">Economics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1850s&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Distinction between <a href="/wiki/Coat_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat (clothing)">coats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jackets" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackets">jackets</a> begins to blur</li> <li>Production of <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> revolutionized by invention of the <a href="/wiki/Bessemer_process" title="Bessemer process">Bessemer process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Silliman" title="Benjamin Silliman">Benjamin Silliman</a> fractionates <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> by <a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">distillation</a> for the first time</li> <li>First transatlantic <a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">telegraph</a> cable laid</li> <li>First safety <a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">elevator</a> installed by <a href="/wiki/Elisha_Otis" title="Elisha Otis">Elisha Otis</a></li> <li>Railroads begin to supplant <a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">canals</a> in the United States as a primary means of transporting goods.</li> <li>First commercially successful sewing machine made by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Singer" title="Isaac Singer">Isaac Singer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment">Environment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1850s&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukrainian settlers</a> take <a href="/wiki/Carniolan_honey_bee" title="Carniolan honey bee">Carniolan honey bees</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Primorsky_Krai" title="Primorsky Krai">Primorsky Krai</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society">Society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1850s&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The word <i><a href="/wiki/Girlfriend" title="Girlfriend">girlfriend</a></i> first appears in writing in 1855.</li> <li>The word <i><a href="/wiki/Boyfriend" title="Boyfriend">boyfriend</a></i> first appears in writing in 1856.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1850s&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1850s&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1850s&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a> publishes <i><a href="/wiki/Bleak_House" title="Bleak House">Bleak House</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Times_(novel)" title="Hard Times (novel)">Hard Times</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Dorrit" title="Little Dorrit">Little Dorrit</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/A_Tale_of_Two_Cities" title="A Tale of Two Cities">A Tale of Two Cities</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a> publishes <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter" title="The Scarlet Letter">The Scarlet Letter</a></i> in 1850</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a> publishes <i><a href="/wiki/Moby-Dick;_or,_The_Whale" class="mw-redirect" title="Moby-Dick; or, The Whale">Moby-Dick; or, The Whale</a></i> in 1851</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a> publishes <i><a href="/wiki/Bartleby,_the_Scrivener" title="Bartleby, the Scrivener">Bartleby, the Scrivener</a></i> in 1853</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB" title="Charlotte Brontë">Charlotte Brontë</a> publishes <i><a href="/wiki/Villette_(novel)" title="Villette (novel)">Villette</a></i> in 1853</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Gaskell" title="Elizabeth Gaskell">Elizabeth Gaskell</a> publishes <i><a href="/wiki/North_and_South_(Gaskell_novel)" title="North and South (Gaskell novel)">North and South</a></i> in 1854</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1850s&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060430004457/http://www.assumption.edu/ahc/rhetoric/1850textarchive.html">American texts from the 1850s</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060430004403/http://www.assumption.edu/ahc/rhetoric/oratoryarchive.html">American speeches from the 1850s</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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href="/wiki/History_of_mathematics#19th_century" title="History of mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th-century_philosophy" title="19th-century philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_century_in_science" title="19th century in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth-century_theatre" title="Nineteenth-century theatre">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_19th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 19th century">State leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_earthquakes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of 19th-century earthquakes">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_lunar_eclipses" title="List of 19th-century lunar eclipses">Lunar eclipses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_riots#Nineteenth_century" title="List of riots">Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_solar_eclipses_in_the_19th_century" title="List of solar eclipses in the 19th century">Solar eclipses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_large_volcanic_eruptions_of_the_19th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="List of large volcanic eruptions of the 19th century">Volcanic eruptions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40927#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40927#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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