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<span>Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Europe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Europe subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Riddle_of_the_Sphinx" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Riddle_of_the_Sphinx"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Riddle of the Sphinx</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Riddle_of_the_Sphinx-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_riddle_in_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_riddle_in_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.1</span> <span>The riddle in popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_riddle_in_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Romania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Asia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Asia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Japanese_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Japanese literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burmese_Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burmese_Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Burmese Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burmese_Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freemasonry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freemasonry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Freemasonry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freemasonry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_hybrid_creatures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_hybrid_creatures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Similar hybrid creatures</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Similar_hybrid_creatures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Similar hybrid creatures subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Similar_hybrid_creatures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-With_feline_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#With_feline_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>With feline features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-With_feline_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Without_feline_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Without_feline_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Without feline features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Without_feline_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sphinx</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 90 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinks" title="Sfinks – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sfinks" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B3" title="سفنكس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سفنكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="স্ফিংক্স – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="স্ফিংক্স" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinks_(yunan)" title="Sfinks (yunan) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sfinks (yunan)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84" title="ابوالهول – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ابوالهول" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="স্ফিংক্স – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্ফিংক্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Сфинкс – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сфинкс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Сфінкс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сфінкс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Сьфінкс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сьфінкс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sphinx" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Сфинкс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сфинкс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Sphinx" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinga" title="Sfinga – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sfinga" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfinx" title="Esfinx – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Esfinx" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinx" title="Sfinx – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sfinx" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfingi" title="Sfingi – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Sfingi" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sffincs" title="Sffincs – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sffincs" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinks" title="Sfinks – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sfinks" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinks" title="Sfinks – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sfinks" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B1_(%CE%BC%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Σφίγγα (μυθολογία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σφίγγα (μυθολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfinge_(mitolog%C3%ADa)" title="Esfinge (mitología) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esfinge (mitología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinkso_(egipta_mitologio)" title="Sfinkso (egipta mitologio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sfinkso (egipta mitologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfinge_(mitologia)" title="Esfinge (mitologia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Esfinge (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84" title="ابوالهول – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابوالهول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sphinx" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Sphinx" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfinxe" title="Esfinxe – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Esfinxe" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%91%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="스핑크스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스핑크스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%BD" title="Սֆինքս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սֆինքս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="स्फिंक्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्फिंक्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinga" title="Sfinga – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sfinga" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinxo" title="Sfinxo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sfinxo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinks" title="Sfinks – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sfinks" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Сфинкс – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сфинкс" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinx" title="Sfinx – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sfinx" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinge" title="Sfinge – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sfinge" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A1" title="ספינקס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספינקס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_(%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF)" title="ಸ್ಫಿಂಕ್ಸ್‌ (ಸಿಂಹನಾರಿ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ಫಿಂಕ್ಸ್‌ (ಸಿಂಹನಾರಿ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="სფინქსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სფინქსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinks" title="Sfinks – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Sfinks" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Сфинкс – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сфинкс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinksi" title="Sfinksi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sfinksi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Сфинкс – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сфинкс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfenks" title="Sfenks – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Sfenks" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sphinx" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinksa" title="Sfinksa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sfinksa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx_(Mythologie)" title="Sphinx (Mythologie) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sphinx (Mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinksas_(mitologija)" title="Sfinksas (mitologija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sfinksas (mitologija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinx" title="Sfinx – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sfinx" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szphinx" title="Szphinx – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szphinx" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Сфинга – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сфинга" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sphinx" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="സ്ഫിങ്സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്ഫിങ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B3" title="سفنكس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سفنكس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinks" title="Sfinks – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sfinks" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sphinx" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%96%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="စဖင့်ရုပ်များ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စဖင့်ရုပ်များ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinx_(mythologie)" title="Sfinx (mythologie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sfinx (mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9" title="スフィンクス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スフィンクス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinks" title="Sfinks – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sfinks" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinks" title="Sfinks – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sfinks" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinks" title="Sfinks – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sfinks" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਸਫਿੰਕਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਫਿੰਕਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81%D9%88%D9%84" title="ابو الہول – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ابو الہول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinks_(mitologia)" title="Sfinks (mitologia) – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Sfinks (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinks" title="Sfinks – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sfinks" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfinge" title="Esfinge – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Esfinge" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinx" title="Sfinx – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sfinx" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Сфинкс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сфинкс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81%D9%88%D9%84" title="ابوالہول – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ابوالہول" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sphinx" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinga" title="Sfinga – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sfinga" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sphinx" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinga_(mitologija)" title="Sfinga (mitologija) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sfinga (mitologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Сфинга – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сфинга" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinga" title="Sfinga – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sfinga" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinksi" title="Sfinksi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sfinksi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinx" title="Sfinx – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sfinx" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="இசுபிங்சு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுபிங்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="สฟิงซ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สฟิงซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB" title="Абулҳавл – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Абулҳавл" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfenks" title="Sfenks – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sfenks" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Сфінкс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сфінкс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81%D9%88%D9%84" title="ابوالہول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابوالہول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A2n_s%C6%B0" title="Nhân sư – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhân sư" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sphinx" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="斯芬克斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="斯芬克斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A1" title="ספינקס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ספינקס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%8B%E5%8F%B8" title="斯芬克司 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="斯芬克司" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mythological creature with the head of a human and the body of a lion</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about sphinxes in general. For the great sphinx statue at Giza, see <a href="/wiki/Great_Sphinx_of_Giza" title="Great Sphinx of Giza">Great Sphinx of Giza</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sphinx_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sphinx (disambiguation)">Sphinx (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Sphinx</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sphinx_CdM_Paris_DeRidder865_n2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sphinx_CdM_Paris_DeRidder865_n2.jpg/220px-Sphinx_CdM_Paris_DeRidder865_n2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sphinx_CdM_Paris_DeRidder865_n2.jpg/330px-Sphinx_CdM_Paris_DeRidder865_n2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sphinx_CdM_Paris_DeRidder865_n2.jpg/440px-Sphinx_CdM_Paris_DeRidder865_n2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="infobox-caption">Attic <a href="/wiki/Red-figure" class="mw-redirect" title="Red-figure">red-figure</a> <a href="/wiki/Pyxis_(vessel)" title="Pyxis (vessel)">pyxis</a>, 2nd half of the 5th century BC. From <a href="/wiki/Nola" title="Nola">Nola</a>, Italy.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Grouping</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legendary_creatures" class="mw-redirect" title="Legendary creatures">Legendary creatures</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Similar entities</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">Griffin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manticore" title="Manticore">Manticore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherub</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamassu" title="Lamassu">Lamassu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narasimha" title="Narasimha">Narasimha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data">Egyptian, and Greek</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>sphinx</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">SFINKS</span></i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">σφίγξ</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="grc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[spʰíŋks]</a></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <b>sphinxes</b></span> or <b>sphinges</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Mythical_creature" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythical creature">mythical creature</a> with the head of a human, the body of a lion, and the wings of an eagle. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greece" title="Culture of Greece">Greek tradition</a>, the sphinx is a treacherous and merciless being with the head of a woman, the <a href="/wiki/Haunches" class="mw-redirect" title="Haunches">haunches</a> of a lion, and the wings of a <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">bird</a>. According to Greek myth, she challenges those who encounter her to answer a <a href="/wiki/Riddle" title="Riddle">riddle</a>, and kills and eats them when they fail to solve the riddle.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This deadly version of a sphinx appears in the myth and drama of <a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Egyptian mythology</a>, in contrast, the sphinx is typically depicted as a man (an <b>androsphinx</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">ἀνδρόσφιγξ</span>)), and is seen as a benevolent representation of strength and ferocity, usually of a <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Unlike Greek or Levantine/Mesopotamian ones, Egyptian sphinxes were not winged. </p><p>Both the Greek and Egyptian sphinxes were thought of as guardians, and statues of them often flank the entrances to temples.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, the sphinx enjoyed a major revival in European decorative art. During this period, images of the sphinx were initially similar to the ancient Egyptian version, but when later exported to other cultures, the sphinx was often conceived of quite differently, partly due to varied translations of descriptions of the originals, and partly through the evolution of the concept as it was integrated into other cultural traditions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>However, depictions of the sphinx are generally associated with grand architectural structures, such as royal <a href="/wiki/Tomb" title="Tomb">tombs</a> or religious temples. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>sphinx</i> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> Σφίγξ, associated by <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a> with the verb σφίγγειν (<i>sphíngēn</i>), meaning "to squeeze", "to tighten up".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This name may be derived from the fact that lions kill their prey by strangulation, biting the throat of prey and holding them down until they die. However, the historian <a href="/wiki/Susan_Wise_Bauer" title="Susan Wise Bauer">Susan Wise Bauer</a> suggests that the word "sphinx" was instead a Greek corruption of the Egyptian name "shesepankh", which meant "living image", and referred rather to the <i>statue</i> of the sphinx, which was carved out of "living rock" (rock that was a contiguous part of the stony body of the Earth, shaped, but not cut away from its original source), than to the beast itself.<sup id="cite_ref-multiple_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-multiple-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Egypt">Egypt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Sphinx_of_Giza_-_20080716a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Great_Sphinx_of_Giza_-_20080716a.jpg/220px-Great_Sphinx_of_Giza_-_20080716a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Great_Sphinx_of_Giza_-_20080716a.jpg/330px-Great_Sphinx_of_Giza_-_20080716a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Great_Sphinx_of_Giza_-_20080716a.jpg/440px-Great_Sphinx_of_Giza_-_20080716a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3880" data-file-height="2580" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Sphinx_of_Giza" title="Great Sphinx of Giza">Great Sphinx of Giza</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza" title="Great Pyramid of Giza">Great Pyramid</a> in the background</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Egypt_Gizeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Egypt_Gizeh.jpg/220px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Egypt_Gizeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Egypt_Gizeh.jpg/330px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Egypt_Gizeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Egypt_Gizeh.jpg/440px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Egypt_Gizeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><i>A lion-headed goddess is a lion-goddess in human form, while a royal sphinx, conversely, is a man who has assumed the form of a lion.</i> Henry Fischer<sup id="cite_ref-Wilkinson_2003_p._9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson_2003_p.-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The largest and most famous sphinx is the <a href="/wiki/Great_Sphinx_of_Giza" title="Great Sphinx of Giza">Great Sphinx of Giza</a>, situated on the <a href="/wiki/Giza" title="Giza">Giza</a> Plateau adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Pyramids_of_Giza" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Pyramids of Giza">Great Pyramids of Giza</a> on the west bank of the <a href="/wiki/Nile_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Nile River">Nile River</a> and facing east (<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sphinx&params=29_58_31_N_31_08_15_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°58′31″N</span> <span class="longitude">31°08′15″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.97528°N 31.13750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.97528; 31.13750</span></span></span></a></span></span>). The sphinx is located southeast of the pyramids. While the date of its construction is not known for certain, the general consensus among Egyptologists is that the head of the Great Sphinx bears the likeness of the pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Khafre" title="Khafre">Khafre</a>, dating it to between 2600 and 2500 BC. However, a fringe minority of late 20th century geologists have claimed evidence of water erosion in and around the Sphinx enclosure which would prove that the Sphinx predates Khafre, at around 10,000 to 5000 BC, a claim that is sometimes referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Sphinx_water_erosion_hypothesis" title="Sphinx water erosion hypothesis">Sphinx water erosion hypothesis</a> but which has little support among Egyptologists and contradicts other evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>What names their builders gave to these <a href="/wiki/Statue" title="Statue">statues</a> is unknown. At the Great Sphinx site, a 1400 BC inscription on a <a href="/wiki/Stele" title="Stele">stele</a> belonging to the <a href="/wiki/18th_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="18th dynasty">18th dynasty</a> pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_IV" title="Thutmose IV">Thutmose IV</a> lists the names of three aspects of the local sun <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_deities" title="Ancient Egyptian deities">deity</a> of that period, <i><a href="/wiki/Khepera" class="mw-redirect" title="Khepera">Khepera</a>–<a href="/wiki/R%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Rê">Rê</a>–<a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a></i>. Many pharaohs had their heads carved atop the guardian statues for their tombs to show their close relationship with the powerful solar deity <a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a>, a lioness. Besides the Great Sphinx, other famous Egyptian sphinxes include one bearing the head of the pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a>, with her likeness carved in <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a>, which is now in the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> in New York, and the <a href="/wiki/Alabaster" title="Alabaster">alabaster</a> <a href="/wiki/Sphinx_of_Memphis" title="Sphinx of Memphis">Sphinx of Memphis</a>, currently located within the open-air museum at that site. The theme was expanded to form great <a href="/wiki/Avenue_(landscape)" title="Avenue (landscape)">avenues</a> of guardian sphinxes lining the approaches to tombs and temples as well as serving as details atop the posts of flights of stairs to very grand complexes. Nine hundred sphinxes with ram heads (Criosphinxes), believed to represent <a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amon</a>, were built in <a href="/wiki/Thebes_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thebes (Egypt)">Thebes</a>, where his cult was strongest. At Karnak, each Criosphinx is fronted by a full-length statue of the pharaoh. The task of these sphinxes was to hold back the forces of evil.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Great Sphinx has become an emblem of Egypt, frequently appearing on its stamps, coins, and official documents.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2023, a limestone sphinx was discovered at the <a href="/wiki/Dendera_Temple_complex" title="Dendera Temple complex">Dendera Temple Complex</a>. This sphinx, which is depicted with a slight grin and dimples, is thought to be made in the image of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Europe">Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Granja_de_San_Ildefonso_Sfinx01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/La_Granja_de_San_Ildefonso_Sfinx01.jpg/220px-La_Granja_de_San_Ildefonso_Sfinx01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/La_Granja_de_San_Ildefonso_Sfinx01.jpg/330px-La_Granja_de_San_Ildefonso_Sfinx01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/La_Granja_de_San_Ildefonso_Sfinx01.jpg/440px-La_Granja_de_San_Ildefonso_Sfinx01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2355" data-file-height="1766" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/La_Granja_(palace)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Granja (palace)">La Granja</a>, Spain, mid-18th century</figcaption></figure> <p>The revived <a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerist</a> sphinx of the late 15th century is sometimes thought of as the "French sphinx". Her coiffed head is erect and she has the breasts of a young woman. Often she wears ear drops and <a href="/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl">pearls</a> as ornaments. Her body is naturalistically rendered as a recumbent lioness. Such sphinxes were revived when the <i><a href="/wiki/Grotesque" title="Grotesque">grottesche</a></i> or "grotesque" decorations of the unearthed <i><a href="/wiki/Domus_Aurea" title="Domus Aurea">Domus Aurea</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a> were brought to light in late 15th-century Rome, and she was incorporated into the classical vocabulary of <a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(European_art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabesque (European art)">arabesque</a> designs that spread throughout Europe in engravings during the 16th and 17th centuries. Sphinxes were included in the decoration of the <i><a href="/wiki/Loggia" title="Loggia">loggia</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Palace">Vatican Palace</a> by the workshop of <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> (1515–20), which updated the vocabulary of the Roman <i>grottesche</i>. </p><p>The first appearances of sphinxes in French art are in the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Fontainebleau" title="School of Fontainebleau">School of Fontainebleau</a> in the 1520s and 1530s and she continues into the <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Late Baroque</a> style of the French <a href="/wiki/Regence" class="mw-redirect" title="Regence">Régence</a> (1715–1723). From France, she spread throughout Europe, becoming a regular feature of the outdoors decorative sculpture of 18th-century palace gardens, as in the <a href="/wiki/Belvedere_(palace)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belvedere (palace)">Upper Belvedere Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanssouci_Park" title="Sanssouci Park">Sanssouci Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Granja_(palace)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Granja (palace)">La Granja</a> in Spain, <a href="/wiki/Branicki_Palace,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Branicki Palace, Białystok">Branicki Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a>, or the late <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> examples in the grounds of the Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Queluz_National_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Queluz National Palace">Queluz National Palace</a> (of perhaps the 1760s), with <a href="/wiki/Ruff_(clothing)" title="Ruff (clothing)">ruffs</a> and clothed chests ending with a little cape. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fernand_Khnopff_-_Caresses_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fernand_Khnopff_-_Caresses_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/500px-Fernand_Khnopff_-_Caresses_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="390" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fernand_Khnopff_-_Caresses_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/960px-Fernand_Khnopff_-_Caresses_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="8859" data-file-height="2883" /></a><figcaption><i>Caresses</i> (1896) by <a href="/wiki/Fernand_Khnopff" title="Fernand Khnopff">Fernand Khnopff</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(movement)" title="Symbolism (movement)">Symbolist</a> depiction of <a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a> and the Sphinx<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Sphinxes are a feature of the <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical</a> interior decorations of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Adam" title="Robert Adam">Robert Adam</a> and his followers, returning closer to the undressed style of the <i>grottesche</i>. They had an equal appeal to artists and designers of the <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a> and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a> movements in the 19th century. Most of these sphinxes alluded to the Greek sphinx and the myth of <a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a>, rather than the Egyptian, although they may not have wings. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Decadent_movement" title="Decadent movement">The Decadent Movement</a>, a European movement that was attributed to the notion of "decadence" around the 1890s,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> implores the main notion of finding beauty in the decline of civilization in the form of macabre or taboo subjects<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as the sphinx. The motif of the sphinx can also be connected to the motif of the "femme fatale" figure in decadent texts in which a typically female-like figure or beast seduces and murders men. The "femme fatale" is used to establish a decline or decay ranging from perversion, death, prostitution, and other taboos of Victorian society.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Deborah Barker discusses, in "The Riddle of the Sphinx: Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's The Story of Avis",<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> how the painter Avis used the Sphinx as a representation of what women truly were in the nineteenth century. Avis thought that she could solve the prejudice that resulted from her gender and race through the Sphinx to show how she is an artist by tapping into the logic of Western Culture and visual recognition and classification. Napoleon on the other hand felt that the Sphinx was a representation of the empire he created, while Avis' father Hegel Dobell thought that the Sphinx represented just an idea. </p><p>Oscar Wilde, a known Decadent writer, utilized this motif in his poem "The Sphinx".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poem itself establishes a connection between the Sphinx and the French due to underlying social decline such as the French Empire collapsing.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilde describes the sphinx as a sort of half-cat and half-woman that is connected to many mythological events, typically that of Egypt and Greece, as well as how the mysterious creature is surrounded by lust and death. The writer James Thomson, similarly to Wilde, also utilizes the motif of the sphinx in his poem "The City of Dreadful Night".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poem revolves around an isolated and anxious man who runs throughout the city, his anxiety and fears taking on the personified image of a grandiose beast that has the makeup of a dragon and lion. While not inherently stated, the beast is likely that of a decadent form of a sphinx due to its appearance and grand nature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greece">Greece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amth33.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Amth33.jpg/330px-Amth33.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Amth33.jpg/500px-Amth33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Amth33.jpg/960px-Amth33.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4722" data-file-height="2877" /></a><figcaption>A sphinx or a female centaur on a Mycenaean larnax from <a href="/wiki/Tanagra" title="Tanagra">Tanagra</a>, 14th – 12th century BC, in the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Thebes" title="Archaeological Museum of Thebes">Archaeological Museum of Thebes</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, the Hellenes had trade and cultural contacts with Egypt. Before the time that <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> occupied Egypt, the Greek name, <i>sphinx</i>, was already applied to these statues.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The historians and geographers of Greece such as <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> wrote extensively about Egyptian culture. </p><p>There was a single <i>sphinx</i> in Greek mythology, a unique demon of destruction and bad luck. <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a> describes the sphinx as having a woman's face, the body and tail of a lion and the wings of a bird.<sup id="cite_ref-apollod-358_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apollod-358-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> mentions that Ethiopia produces plenty of sphinxes, with brown hair and breasts,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> corroborated by 20th-century archeologists.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Statius" title="Statius">Statius</a> describes her as a winged monster, with pallid cheeks, eyes tainted with corruption, plumes clotted with gore and talons on livid hands.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes, the wings are specified to be those of an <a href="/wiki/Eagle" title="Eagle">eagle</a>, and the tail to be <a href="/wiki/Snake" title="Snake">serpent</a>-headed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, the Sphinx was a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Orthrus" title="Orthrus">Orthrus</a> and an unknown she—either the <a href="/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">Chimera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Echidna_(mythology)" title="Echidna (mythology)">Echidna</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Ceto" title="Ceto">Ceto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Apollodorus<sup id="cite_ref-apollod-358_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apollod-358-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Lasus_of_Hermione" title="Lasus of Hermione">Lasus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she was a daughter of Echidna and <a href="/wiki/Typhon" title="Typhon">Typhon</a>. </p><p>The sphinx was the emblem of the ancient city-state of <a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a>, and appeared on seals and the obverse side of coins from the 6th century BC until the 3rd century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Riddle_of_the_Sphinx">Riddle of the Sphinx</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Riddle of the Sphinx"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Riddle of the Sphinx" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Riddle_of_the_Sphinx_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Riddle of the Sphinx (disambiguation)">Riddle of the Sphinx (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_of_Thebes,_Red_Figure_Kylix,_c._470_BC,_from_Vulci,_attributed_to_the_Oedipus_Painter,_Vatican_Museums_(9665213064).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_of_Thebes%2C_Red_Figure_Kylix%2C_c._470_BC%2C_from_Vulci%2C_attributed_to_the_Oedipus_Painter%2C_Vatican_Museums_%289665213064%29.jpg/240px-Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_of_Thebes%2C_Red_Figure_Kylix%2C_c._470_BC%2C_from_Vulci%2C_attributed_to_the_Oedipus_Painter%2C_Vatican_Museums_%289665213064%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_of_Thebes%2C_Red_Figure_Kylix%2C_c._470_BC%2C_from_Vulci%2C_attributed_to_the_Oedipus_Painter%2C_Vatican_Museums_%289665213064%29.jpg/360px-Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_of_Thebes%2C_Red_Figure_Kylix%2C_c._470_BC%2C_from_Vulci%2C_attributed_to_the_Oedipus_Painter%2C_Vatican_Museums_%289665213064%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_of_Thebes%2C_Red_Figure_Kylix%2C_c._470_BC%2C_from_Vulci%2C_attributed_to_the_Oedipus_Painter%2C_Vatican_Museums_%289665213064%29.jpg/480px-Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_of_Thebes%2C_Red_Figure_Kylix%2C_c._470_BC%2C_from_Vulci%2C_attributed_to_the_Oedipus_Painter%2C_Vatican_Museums_%289665213064%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>Attic red-figure kylix c. 470 BCE: Oedipus ponders the riddle of the Sphinx</figcaption></figure> <p>The Sphinx is said to have guarded the entrance to the Greek city of Thebes, asking a <a href="/wiki/Riddle" title="Riddle">riddle</a> to travellers to allow them passage. The exact riddle asked by the Sphinx was not specified by early tellers of the myth, and was not standardized as the one given below until late in Greek history.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was said in late lore that <a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a> sent the Sphinx from her <a href="/wiki/Aethiopia" title="Aethiopia">Aethiopian</a> homeland (the Greeks always remembered the foreign origin of the Sphinx) to <a href="/wiki/Thebes_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thebes (Greece)">Thebes</a> in Greece where she asked all passersby the most famous riddle in history: "Which creature has one voice and yet becomes four-footed and two-footed and three-footed?" She strangled and devoured anyone who could not answer. <a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a> solved the riddle by answering: "Man—who crawls on all fours as a baby, then walks on two feet as an adult, and then uses a walking stick in old age".<sup id="cite_ref-apollod-358_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apollod-358-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some lesser accounts,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there was a second riddle: "There are two sisters: one gives birth to the other and she, in turn, gives birth to the first. Who are the two sisters?" The answer is "day and night" (both words—<i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%A1%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ἡμέρα">ἡμέρα</a></i> and <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BD%CF%8D%CE%BE" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:νύξ">νύξ</a></i>, respectively—are feminine in Ancient Greek). This second riddle is also found in a Gascon version of the myth and could be very ancient.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bested at last, the Sphinx then threw herself from her high rock and died;<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or, in some versions Oedipus killed her.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An alternative version tells that she devoured herself.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In both cases, Oedipus can therefore be recognized as a "<a href="/wiki/Liminality" title="Liminality">liminal</a>" or threshold figure, helping effect the transition between the old religious practices, represented by the death of the Sphinx, and the rise of the new, <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Olympian</a> gods.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="The_riddle_in_popular_culture">The riddle in popular culture</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The riddle in popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a>'s retelling of the Oedipus legend, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Infernal_Machine_(play)" title="The Infernal Machine (play)">The Infernal Machine</a></i>, the Sphinx tells Oedipus the answer to the riddle in order to kill herself so that she did not have to kill any more, and also to make him love her. He leaves without ever thanking her for giving him the answer to the riddle. The scene ends when the Sphinx and <a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a> ascend back to the heavens. </p><p>There are mythic, anthropological, psychoanalytic and parodic interpretations of the Riddle of the Sphinx, and of Oedipus's answer to it. <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a> describes "the question of where babies come from" as a riddle of the Sphinx.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Numerous riddle books use the Sphinx in their title or illustrations.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marble_stele_(grave_marker)_of_a_youth_and_a_little_girl_530_BCE_Greece.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Funerary stele, 530 BC, Greece"><img alt="Funerary stele, 530 BC, Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Marble_stele_%28grave_marker%29_of_a_youth_and_a_little_girl_530_BCE_Greece.jpg/74px-Marble_stele_%28grave_marker%29_of_a_youth_and_a_little_girl_530_BCE_Greece.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Marble_stele_%28grave_marker%29_of_a_youth_and_a_little_girl_530_BCE_Greece.jpg/111px-Marble_stele_%28grave_marker%29_of_a_youth_and_a_little_girl_530_BCE_Greece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Marble_stele_%28grave_marker%29_of_a_youth_and_a_little_girl_530_BCE_Greece.jpg/148px-Marble_stele_%28grave_marker%29_of_a_youth_and_a_little_girl_530_BCE_Greece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2355" data-file-height="3826" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Funerary stele, 530 BC, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Limestone_funerary_stele_(shaft)_surmounted_by_two_sphinxes_Greece_5th_century_BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Limestone funerary stele (shaft) surmounted by two sphinxes. Greece, 5th century BC."><img alt="Limestone funerary stele (shaft) surmounted by two sphinxes. Greece, 5th century BC." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Limestone_funerary_stele_%28shaft%29_surmounted_by_two_sphinxes_Greece_5th_century_BCE.jpg/90px-Limestone_funerary_stele_%28shaft%29_surmounted_by_two_sphinxes_Greece_5th_century_BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Limestone_funerary_stele_%28shaft%29_surmounted_by_two_sphinxes_Greece_5th_century_BCE.jpg/135px-Limestone_funerary_stele_%28shaft%29_surmounted_by_two_sphinxes_Greece_5th_century_BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Limestone_funerary_stele_%28shaft%29_surmounted_by_two_sphinxes_Greece_5th_century_BCE.jpg/180px-Limestone_funerary_stele_%28shaft%29_surmounted_by_two_sphinxes_Greece_5th_century_BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1459" data-file-height="1945" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cesnola_Sphinx_Funerary_Stele" title="Cesnola Sphinx Funerary Stele">Limestone funerary stele (shaft) surmounted by two sphinxes</a>. Greece, 5th century BC.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marble_capital_and_finial_in_the_form_of_a_sphinx.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marble capital and finial in the form of a sphinx, 530 BC"><img alt="Marble capital and finial in the form of a sphinx, 530 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Marble_capital_and_finial_in_the_form_of_a_sphinx.jpg/120px-Marble_capital_and_finial_in_the_form_of_a_sphinx.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Marble_capital_and_finial_in_the_form_of_a_sphinx.jpg/250px-Marble_capital_and_finial_in_the_form_of_a_sphinx.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2984" data-file-height="3855" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Marble capital and finial in the form of a sphinx, 530 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carved_tomb_in_the_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museum_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sphinxes on the Lycian sarcophagus of Sidon (430–420 BC)"><img alt="Sphinxes on the Lycian sarcophagus of Sidon (430–420 BC)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Carved_tomb_in_the_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museum_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Carved_tomb_in_the_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museum_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Carved_tomb_in_the_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museum_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Carved_tomb_in_the_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museum_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Carved_tomb_in_the_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museum_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Carved_tomb_in_the_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museum_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sphinxes on the <a href="/wiki/Lycian_sarcophagus_of_Sidon" title="Lycian sarcophagus of Sidon">Lycian sarcophagus of Sidon</a> (430–420 BC)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naxos_Sphinx_with_humans_for_size.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Sphinx of Naxos, on its 12.5-meter Ionic column, Delphi, 560 BC (reconstitution)"><img alt="The Sphinx of Naxos, on its 12.5-meter Ionic column, Delphi, 560 BC (reconstitution)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Naxos_Sphinx_with_humans_for_size.jpg/60px-Naxos_Sphinx_with_humans_for_size.jpg" decoding="async" width="45" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Naxos_Sphinx_with_humans_for_size.jpg/120px-Naxos_Sphinx_with_humans_for_size.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1574" data-file-height="4144" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Sphinx_of_Naxos" title="Sphinx of Naxos">Sphinx of Naxos</a>, on its 12.5-meter <a href="/wiki/Ionic_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionic column">Ionic column</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>, 560 BC (reconstitution)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romania">Romania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TheSphinx.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/TheSphinx.jpg/250px-TheSphinx.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/TheSphinx.jpg/330px-TheSphinx.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/TheSphinx.jpg/500px-TheSphinx.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sphinx_(Romania)" title="Sphinx (Romania)">Sfinxul</a> natural rock formation in the Bucegi Mountains</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sphinx_(Romania)" title="Sphinx (Romania)">Sfinxul</a> is a natural rock formation in the <a href="/wiki/Bucegi_Natural_Park" title="Bucegi Natural Park">Bucegi Natural Park</a> which is in the Bucegi Mountains of Romania. This rock formation is named for its resemblance to the Sphinx of Giza, and is located at an altitude of 2,216 metres (7,270 feet) within the Babele complex of rock formations.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-natureFlip_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natureFlip-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asia">Asia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bharhut_Gateway_Sphinx.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bharhut_Gateway_Sphinx.jpg/250px-Bharhut_Gateway_Sphinx.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bharhut_Gateway_Sphinx.jpg/330px-Bharhut_Gateway_Sphinx.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bharhut_Gateway_Sphinx.jpg/500px-Bharhut_Gateway_Sphinx.jpg 2x" data-file-width="811" data-file-height="659" /></a><figcaption>Buddhist sphinx on a <a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">stupa</a> gateway, <a href="/wiki/Bharhut" title="Bharhut">Bharhut</a>, 1st century BC<sup id="cite_ref-DD_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DD-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>A composite mythological being with the body of a lion and the head of a human is present in the traditions, mythology and art of <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Variously known as <i>puruṣamr̥ga</i> (Sanskrit, "human-animal"), <i>purushamirugam</i> (Tamil, "human-animal"), <i>naravirala</i> (Sanskrit, "human-cat") in India, or as <i>nara-simha</i> (Sanskrit, "human-lion") in Sri Lanka, <i>manussiha</i> or <i>manutthiha</i> (Pali, "human-lion") in Myanmar, and <i>norasingha</i> (from Pali, "human-lion", a variation of the Sanskrit "nara-simha") or <i>thep norasingha</i> ("man-lion deity"), or <i>nora nair</i> in Thailand. Although, just like the "nara-simha", she/he has a head of a lion and the body of a human. </p><p>In contrast to the sphinxes in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Greece, of which the traditions largely have been lost due to the discontinuity of the civilization,<sup id="cite_ref-Demisch,_Die_Sphinx_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demisch,_Die_Sphinx-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the traditions related to the "Asian sphinxes" are very much alive today. The earliest artistic depictions of "sphinxes" from the South Asian subcontinent are to some extent influenced by <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art" title="Hellenistic art">Hellenistic art</a> and writings.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These hail from the period when Buddhist art underwent <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_influence_on_Indian_art" title="Hellenistic influence on Indian art">a phase of Hellenistic influence</a>. Numerous sphinxes can be seen on the gateways of <a href="/wiki/Bharhut" title="Bharhut">Bharhut</a> stupa, dating to the 1st century B.C.<sup id="cite_ref-DD_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DD-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In South India, the "sphinx" is known as <i>puruṣamr̥ga</i> (Sanskrit) or <i>purushamirugam</i> (Tamil), meaning "human-animal". It is found depicted in sculptural art in temples and palaces where it serves an <a href="/wiki/Apotropaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Apotropaic">apotropaic</a> purpose, just as the "sphinxes" in other parts of the ancient world.<sup id="cite_ref-Demisch,_Die_Sphinx_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demisch,_Die_Sphinx-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is said by the tradition, to take away the sins of the devotees when they enter a temple and to ward off evil in general. It is therefore often found in a strategic position on the <a href="/wiki/Gopuram" title="Gopuram">gopuram</a> or temple gateway, or near the entrance of the <a href="/wiki/Sanctum_sanctorum" title="Sanctum sanctorum">sanctum sanctorum</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Purushamrigachidambaram01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Purushamrigachidambaram01.JPG/170px-Purushamrigachidambaram01.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Purushamrigachidambaram01.JPG/255px-Purushamrigachidambaram01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Purushamrigachidambaram01.JPG/340px-Purushamrigachidambaram01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption>Male purushamriga or Indian sphinx guarding the entrance of the Shri Shiva Nataraja temple in <a href="/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram">Chidambaram</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>puruṣamr̥ga</i> plays a significant role in daily as well as yearly ritual of South Indian <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> temples. In the Shodhasha-Upakaara (or sixteen honors) ritual, performed between one and six times at significant sacred moments through the day, it decorates one of the lamps of the Deepaaradhana or lamp ceremony. And in several temples the <i>puruṣamr̥ga</i> is also one of the <i><a href="/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana">vahana</a></i> or vehicles of the deity during the processions of the <a href="/wiki/Brahmotsava" title="Brahmotsava">Brahmotsava</a> or festival. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari_district" title="Kanyakumari district">Kanyakumari</a> district, in the southernmost tip of the Indian subcontinent, during the night of <a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a>, devotees run 75 kilometres while visiting and worshiping at twelve Shiva temples. This Shiva Ottam or Running for Shiva is performed in commemoration of the story of the race between the Purushamirugam and <a href="/wiki/Bhima" title="Bhima">Bhima</a>, one of the Pandavas of the Hindu Epic <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>. </p><p>The Indian conception of a sphinx that comes closest to the classic Greaco-Roman idea is the Sharabha and Gandabherunda, two mythical creatures, part lion, part human, part mammal and part bird, and the form of <a href="/wiki/Sharabha" title="Sharabha">Sharabha</a> that god <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> took on and fought with the god <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> as <a href="/wiki/Narasimha" title="Narasimha">Narasimha</a> and Shiva as Sharabha was killed by Vishnu as <a href="/wiki/Gandaberunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandaberunda">Gandabherunda</a> in the form of Narashima when Narashima killed <a href="/wiki/Hiranyakashipu" title="Hiranyakashipu">Hiranyakashipu</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>,</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the sphinx is known as <i>narasimha</i> or human-lion. As a sphinx, it has the body of a lion and the head of a human being, and is not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Narasimha" title="Narasimha">Narasimha</a>, the fourth incarnation of the deity <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>; this <a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">avatara</a> or incarnation of Vishnu has a human body and the head of a lion and Vishnu as Narashima killed Hiranyakashipu. The "sphinx" narasimha is part of the Buddhist tradition and functions as a guardian of the northern direction and also was depicted on banners. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manokthiha_(Manussiha).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Manokthiha_%28Manussiha%29.png/220px-Manokthiha_%28Manussiha%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Manokthiha_%28Manussiha%29.png/330px-Manokthiha_%28Manussiha%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Manokthiha_%28Manussiha%29.png/440px-Manokthiha_%28Manussiha%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="1031" /></a><figcaption>Burmese depiction of the <a href="/wiki/Manussiha" title="Manussiha">Manussiha</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In Burma (<a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>), the sphinx-like statue, with a human head and two lion hindquarters, is known as <i><a href="/wiki/Manussiha" title="Manussiha">Manussiha</a></i> (<i>manuthiha</i>). It is depicted on the corners of Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Stupas" class="mw-redirect" title="Stupas">stupas</a>, and its legends tell how it was created by Buddhist monks to protect a new-born royal baby from being devoured by <a href="/wiki/Ogre" title="Ogre">ogresses</a>. </p><p>Nora Nair, Norasingha and Thep Norasingha are three of the names under which the "sphinx" is known in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>. They are depicted as upright walking beings with the lower body of a lion or deer, and the upper body of a human. Often they are found as female-male pairs. Here, too, the sphinx serves a protective function. It also is enumerated among the mythological creatures that inhabit the ranges of the sacred mountain <a href="/wiki/Himapan" class="mw-redirect" title="Himapan">Himapan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_literature">Japanese literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Japanese literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Amitrano" title="Giorgio Amitrano">Giorgio Amitrano</a>'s <i>Echoes of Ancient Greek Myths in Murakami Haruki's novels and in Other Works of Contemporary Japanese Literature</i><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> explores how <a href="/wiki/Haruki_Murakami" title="Haruki Murakami">Haruki Murakami</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Kafka_on_the_Shore" title="Kafka on the Shore">Kafka on the Shore</a></i> shares thematic elements of decadence with Oedipus' myth and parallels the protagonist's journey to self-discovery. The Sphinx motif present within the novel is established through the enigmatic creature of Murakami's design, Oshima: a mysterious, omnipotent being who has the protagonist grapple with the concept of a meaningless existence in turn of searching for authenticity by disconnecting from societal conventions of wealth and status. He tests the durability of character of the novel's protagonists through a series of tests that may challenge their perception of truth regarding their existence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burmese_Literature">Burmese Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Burmese Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Lowell Edmunds' <i>Oedipus in Burma</i><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an explorative look on the Oedipus' myth in Burmese literature and culture. The folktale <i>Pauk and the Dragon</i> uses similar motifs from the Greek myth to explore Pauk's, the protagonist, road to destiny and fulfilling the quests needed to defeat the dragon: the Sphinx motif. Using intelligence, courage, and determination, Pauk defeats the dragon but not before facing the consequences of the knowledge he acquired on his journey. Decadent themes of fate, destiny, tragedy, mystery, and identity present themselves in the Burmese adaptations of Greek myths, in this case, it is Oedipus and the Sphinx. </p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Freemasonry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sphinx_at_Salt_Lake_Masonic_Temple,_Utah.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sphinx_at_Salt_Lake_Masonic_Temple%2C_Utah.JPG/220px-Sphinx_at_Salt_Lake_Masonic_Temple%2C_Utah.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sphinx_at_Salt_Lake_Masonic_Temple%2C_Utah.JPG/330px-Sphinx_at_Salt_Lake_Masonic_Temple%2C_Utah.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sphinx_at_Salt_Lake_Masonic_Temple%2C_Utah.JPG/440px-Sphinx_at_Salt_Lake_Masonic_Temple%2C_Utah.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1568" data-file-height="1130" /></a><figcaption>Sphinx adopted as an emblem in <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Masonic</a> architecture</figcaption></figure> <p>The sphinx imagery has historically been adopted into <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Masonic</a> architecture, symbolism and some of its <a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Memphis-Misraim" title="Rite of Memphis-Misraim">rituals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the Egyptians, sphinxes were placed at the entrance of the temples to guard their mysteries, by warning those who penetrated within that they should conceal a knowledge of them from the uninitiated. <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Champollion" title="Jean-François Champollion">Champollion</a> said that the sphinx became successively the symbol of each of the gods. The placement of the sphinxes expressed the idea that all the gods were hidden from the people, and that the knowledge of them, guarded in the sanctuaries, was revealed to initiates only. </p><p>As a Masonic emblem, the sphinx has been adopted as a symbol of mystery, and as such often is found as a decoration sculptured in front of Masonic temples, or engraved at the head of Masonic documents.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_hybrid_creatures">Similar hybrid creatures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Similar hybrid creatures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="With_feline_features">With feline features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: With feline features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Gopaitioshah</b> – The Persian <i>Gopat</i> or <i>Gopaitioshah</i> is another creature that is similar to the Sphinx, being a winged bull or lion with human face.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gopat have been represented in ancient art of Iran since late second millennium BC, and was a common symbol for dominant royal power in ancient Iran. Gopats were common motifs in the art of <a href="/wiki/Elamite" class="mw-redirect" title="Elamite">Elamite</a> period, <a href="/wiki/Luristan_bronze" title="Luristan bronze">Luristan</a>, North and North West region of Iran in <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid art">Achaemenid art</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and can be found in texts such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Bundahishn" title="Bundahishn">Bundahishn</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Dadestan-i_Denig" title="Dadestan-i Denig">Dadestan-i Denig</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Menog-i_Khrad" title="Menog-i Khrad">Menog-i Khrad</a></i>, as well as in collections of tales, such as the <i>Matikan-e yusht faryan</i> and in its Islamic replication, the <i><a href="/wiki/Marzubannama" class="mw-redirect" title="Marzubannama">Marzubannama</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Löwenmensch figurine</b> – The 32,000-year-old <a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a> <a href="/wiki/Lion-man" title="Lion-man">Löwenmensch figurine</a>, also known as "lion-human" is the oldest known <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropomorphic">anthropomorphic</a> statue, discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Hohlenstein-Stadel" title="Hohlenstein-Stadel">Hohlenstein-Stadel</a>, a German cave in 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Manticore</b> – The <a href="/wiki/Manticore" title="Manticore">Manticore</a> (Early Middle Persian: <i>Mardyakhor</i> or <i>Martikhwar</i>, means: Man-eater<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a Persian legendary hybrid creature and another similar creature to the sphinx.</li> <li><b>Narasimha</b> – <a href="/wiki/Narasimha" title="Narasimha">Narasimha</a> ("human-lion") is an incarnation (<a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">Avatara</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a> of Vishnu who takes the form of half-man/half-<a href="/wiki/Asiatic_lion" title="Asiatic lion">Asiatic lion</a>, having a human torso and lower body, but with a lion-like face and claws and in this avatara, Vishnu killed <a href="/wiki/Hiranyakashipu" title="Hiranyakashipu">Hiranyakashipu</a> as Narashima and saved the world from chaos in <a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Hindu Mythology</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Without_feline_features">Without feline features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Without feline features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In ancient <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a>, bas-reliefs of <a href="/wiki/Shedu" class="mw-redirect" title="Shedu">shedu</a> bulls with the crowned bearded heads of kings guarded the entrances of temples.</li> <li>Many Greek mythological creatures who are archaic survivals of previous mythologies with respect to the classical Olympian mythology, like the <a href="/wiki/Centaur" title="Centaur">centaurs</a>, are similar to the Sphinx.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maned_sphinx_of_Amenemhat_III._12th_Dynasty,_c._1800_BC._State_Museum_of_Egyptian_Art,_Munich.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maned sphinx of Amenemhat III. 12th Dynasty, c. 1800 BC. State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich."><img alt="Maned sphinx of Amenemhat III. 12th Dynasty, c. 1800 BC. State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Maned_sphinx_of_Amenemhat_III._12th_Dynasty%2C_c._1800_BC._State_Museum_of_Egyptian_Art%2C_Munich.jpg/250px-Maned_sphinx_of_Amenemhat_III._12th_Dynasty%2C_c._1800_BC._State_Museum_of_Egyptian_Art%2C_Munich.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Maned_sphinx_of_Amenemhat_III._12th_Dynasty%2C_c._1800_BC._State_Museum_of_Egyptian_Art%2C_Munich.jpg/330px-Maned_sphinx_of_Amenemhat_III._12th_Dynasty%2C_c._1800_BC._State_Museum_of_Egyptian_Art%2C_Munich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Maned_sphinx_of_Amenemhat_III._12th_Dynasty%2C_c._1800_BC._State_Museum_of_Egyptian_Art%2C_Munich.jpg/500px-Maned_sphinx_of_Amenemhat_III._12th_Dynasty%2C_c._1800_BC._State_Museum_of_Egyptian_Art%2C_Munich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3656" data-file-height="2837" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maned sphinx of <a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_III" title="Amenemhat III">Amenemhat III</a>. 12th Dynasty, c. 1800 BC. State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_sphinx_from_Hadrian%27s_Villa_at_Tivoli._1st_century_AD._State_Museum_of_Egyptian_Art,_Munich.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Egyptian sphinx from Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli. 1st century AD. State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich."><img alt="Egyptian sphinx from Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli. 1st century AD. State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Egyptian_sphinx_from_Hadrian%27s_Villa_at_Tivoli._1st_century_AD._State_Museum_of_Egyptian_Art%2C_Munich.jpg/250px-Egyptian_sphinx_from_Hadrian%27s_Villa_at_Tivoli._1st_century_AD._State_Museum_of_Egyptian_Art%2C_Munich.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Egyptian_sphinx_from_Hadrian%27s_Villa_at_Tivoli._1st_century_AD._State_Museum_of_Egyptian_Art%2C_Munich.jpg/330px-Egyptian_sphinx_from_Hadrian%27s_Villa_at_Tivoli._1st_century_AD._State_Museum_of_Egyptian_Art%2C_Munich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Egyptian_sphinx_from_Hadrian%27s_Villa_at_Tivoli._1st_century_AD._State_Museum_of_Egyptian_Art%2C_Munich.jpg/500px-Egyptian_sphinx_from_Hadrian%27s_Villa_at_Tivoli._1st_century_AD._State_Museum_of_Egyptian_Art%2C_Munich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Egyptian sphinx from Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli. 1st century AD. State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Column_base_in_the_shape_of_a_double_sphinx._From_Sam%27al._8th_century_BC._Museum_of_the_Ancient_Orient,_Istanbul.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Column base in the shape of a double sphinx. From Sam'al. 8th century BC. Museum of the Ancient Orient, Istanbul."><img alt="Column base in the shape of a double sphinx. From Sam'al. 8th century BC. Museum of the Ancient Orient, Istanbul." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Column_base_in_the_shape_of_a_double_sphinx._From_Sam%27al._8th_century_BC._Museum_of_the_Ancient_Orient%2C_Istanbul.jpg/190px-Column_base_in_the_shape_of_a_double_sphinx._From_Sam%27al._8th_century_BC._Museum_of_the_Ancient_Orient%2C_Istanbul.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Column_base_in_the_shape_of_a_double_sphinx._From_Sam%27al._8th_century_BC._Museum_of_the_Ancient_Orient%2C_Istanbul.jpg/285px-Column_base_in_the_shape_of_a_double_sphinx._From_Sam%27al._8th_century_BC._Museum_of_the_Ancient_Orient%2C_Istanbul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Column_base_in_the_shape_of_a_double_sphinx._From_Sam%27al._8th_century_BC._Museum_of_the_Ancient_Orient%2C_Istanbul.jpg/380px-Column_base_in_the_shape_of_a_double_sphinx._From_Sam%27al._8th_century_BC._Museum_of_the_Ancient_Orient%2C_Istanbul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4691" data-file-height="3677" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Column base in the shape of a double sphinx. From Sam'al. 8th century BC. Museum of the Ancient Orient, Istanbul.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hittite_sphinx._Basalt._8th_century_BC._From_Sam%27al._Museum_of_the_Ancient_Orient,_Istanbul.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hittite sphinx. Basalt. 8th century BC. From Sam'al. Museum of the Ancient Orient, Istanbul."><img alt="Hittite sphinx. Basalt. 8th century BC. From Sam'al. Museum of the Ancient Orient, Istanbul." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hittite_sphinx._Basalt._8th_century_BC._From_Sam%27al._Museum_of_the_Ancient_Orient%2C_Istanbul.jpg/250px-Hittite_sphinx._Basalt._8th_century_BC._From_Sam%27al._Museum_of_the_Ancient_Orient%2C_Istanbul.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hittite_sphinx._Basalt._8th_century_BC._From_Sam%27al._Museum_of_the_Ancient_Orient%2C_Istanbul.jpg/330px-Hittite_sphinx._Basalt._8th_century_BC._From_Sam%27al._Museum_of_the_Ancient_Orient%2C_Istanbul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hittite_sphinx._Basalt._8th_century_BC._From_Sam%27al._Museum_of_the_Ancient_Orient%2C_Istanbul.jpg/500px-Hittite_sphinx._Basalt._8th_century_BC._From_Sam%27al._Museum_of_the_Ancient_Orient%2C_Istanbul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4872" data-file-height="3740" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hittite sphinx. Basalt. 8th century BC. From Sam'al. Museum of the Ancient Orient, Istanbul.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sphinx_Darius_Louvre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Winged sphinx from the palace of Darius the Great during Persian Empire at Susa (480 BC)"><img alt="Winged sphinx from the palace of Darius the Great during Persian Empire at Susa (480 BC)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Sphinx_Darius_Louvre.jpg/123px-Sphinx_Darius_Louvre.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Sphinx_Darius_Louvre.jpg/185px-Sphinx_Darius_Louvre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Sphinx_Darius_Louvre.jpg/246px-Sphinx_Darius_Louvre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="877" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Winged sphinx from the palace of <a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">Darius the Great</a> during <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian Empire</a> at <a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a> (480 BC)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Persian_sphinx_at_Halicarnassus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Achaemenid sphinx from Halicarnassus, capital of Caria, 355 BC. Found in Bodrum Castle, but possibly from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus."><img alt="Achaemenid sphinx from Halicarnassus, capital of Caria, 355 BC. Found in Bodrum Castle, but possibly from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Persian_sphinx_at_Halicarnassus.jpg/120px-Persian_sphinx_at_Halicarnassus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Persian_sphinx_at_Halicarnassus.jpg/179px-Persian_sphinx_at_Halicarnassus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Persian_sphinx_at_Halicarnassus.jpg/239px-Persian_sphinx_at_Halicarnassus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Achaemenid sphinx from <a href="/wiki/Halicarnassus" title="Halicarnassus">Halicarnassus</a>, capital of <a href="/wiki/Caria" title="Caria">Caria</a>, 355 BC. Found in <a href="/wiki/Bodrum_Castle" title="Bodrum Castle">Bodrum Castle</a>, but possibly from the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus" title="Mausoleum at Halicarnassus">Mausoleum at Halicarnassus</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Head_from_a_Female_Sphinx,_ca._1876-1842_B.C.E.,56.85.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Head from a female sphinx, c. 1876–1842 BC, Brooklyn Museum"><img alt="Head from a female sphinx, c. 1876–1842 BC, Brooklyn Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Head_from_a_Female_Sphinx%2C_ca._1876-1842_B.C.E.%2C56.85.jpg/250px-Head_from_a_Female_Sphinx%2C_ca._1876-1842_B.C.E.%2C56.85.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Head_from_a_Female_Sphinx%2C_ca._1876-1842_B.C.E.%2C56.85.jpg/330px-Head_from_a_Female_Sphinx%2C_ca._1876-1842_B.C.E.%2C56.85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1356" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Head from a female sphinx, c. 1876–1842 BC, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Great_Pyramid_and_the_Sphinx.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Great Sphinx of Giza in 1858"><img alt="The Great Sphinx of Giza in 1858" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_Great_Pyramid_and_the_Sphinx.jpg/250px-The_Great_Pyramid_and_the_Sphinx.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_Great_Pyramid_and_the_Sphinx.jpg/330px-The_Great_Pyramid_and_the_Sphinx.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_Great_Pyramid_and_the_Sphinx.jpg/500px-The_Great_Pyramid_and_the_Sphinx.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="799" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Great_Sphinx_of_Giza" title="Great Sphinx of Giza">Great Sphinx of Giza</a> in 1858</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_Egizio_di_Torino-631_o.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Typical Egyptian sphinx with a human head (Museo Egizio, Turin)"><img alt="Typical Egyptian sphinx with a human head (Museo Egizio, Turin)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Museo_Egizio_di_Torino-631_o.jpg/250px-Museo_Egizio_di_Torino-631_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Museo_Egizio_di_Torino-631_o.jpg/330px-Museo_Egizio_di_Torino-631_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Museo_Egizio_di_Torino-631_o.jpg/500px-Museo_Egizio_di_Torino-631_o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Typical Egyptian sphinx with a human head (<a href="/wiki/Museo_Egizio" title="Museo Egizio">Museo Egizio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hatshepsut-SmallSphinx_MetropolitanMuseum.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sphinx of Egyptian pharaoh Hatshepsut with unusual ear and ruff features, 1503–1482"><img alt="Sphinx of Egyptian pharaoh Hatshepsut with unusual ear and ruff features, 1503–1482" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Hatshepsut-SmallSphinx_MetropolitanMuseum.png/96px-Hatshepsut-SmallSphinx_MetropolitanMuseum.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Hatshepsut-SmallSphinx_MetropolitanMuseum.png/144px-Hatshepsut-SmallSphinx_MetropolitanMuseum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Hatshepsut-SmallSphinx_MetropolitanMuseum.png/193px-Hatshepsut-SmallSphinx_MetropolitanMuseum.png 2x" data-file-width="1095" data-file-height="2043" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sphinx of Egyptian pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a> with unusual ear and ruff features, 1503–1482</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:028MAD_Sphinx.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ancient Greek sphinx from Delphi"><img alt="Ancient Greek sphinx from Delphi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/028MAD_Sphinx.jpg/250px-028MAD_Sphinx.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/028MAD_Sphinx.jpg/330px-028MAD_Sphinx.jpg 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="990" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sphinx_of_Naxos" title="Sphinx of Naxos">Ancient Greek sphinx</a> from <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Esfinge_de_Agost_(M.A.N._Inv.38445)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Iberian Sphinx of Agost c. 570-545 BC, one of the many sphinxes found in Spain"><img alt="The Iberian Sphinx of Agost c. 570-545 BC, one of the many sphinxes found in Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Esfinge_de_Agost_%28M.A.N._Inv.38445%29_01.jpg/250px-Esfinge_de_Agost_%28M.A.N._Inv.38445%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Esfinge_de_Agost_%28M.A.N._Inv.38445%29_01.jpg/330px-Esfinge_de_Agost_%28M.A.N._Inv.38445%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1890" data-file-height="2618" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Iberians" title="Iberians">Iberian</a> <a href="/wiki/Sphinx_of_Agost" title="Sphinx of Agost">Sphinx of Agost</a> c. 570-545 BC, one of the many sphinxes found in Spain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sphinxes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="3000-year-old sphinxes were imported from Egypt to embellish public spaces in Saint Petersburg and other European capitals."><img alt="3000-year-old sphinxes were imported from Egypt to embellish public spaces in Saint Petersburg and other European capitals." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Sphinxes.jpg/250px-Sphinxes.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Sphinxes.jpg/330px-Sphinxes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Sphinxes.jpg/500px-Sphinxes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4965" data-file-height="3311" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">3000-year-old sphinxes were imported from Egypt to embellish public spaces in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> <a href="/wiki/Capital_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">capitals</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_170-770,_Potsdam,_Sanssouci,_Sphinx_im_Park_Sanssouci.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Park Sanssouci in Potsdam"><img alt="Park Sanssouci in Potsdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_170-770%2C_Potsdam%2C_Sanssouci%2C_Sphinx_im_Park_Sanssouci.jpg/190px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_170-770%2C_Potsdam%2C_Sanssouci%2C_Sphinx_im_Park_Sanssouci.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_170-770%2C_Potsdam%2C_Sanssouci%2C_Sphinx_im_Park_Sanssouci.jpg/285px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_170-770%2C_Potsdam%2C_Sanssouci%2C_Sphinx_im_Park_Sanssouci.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_170-770%2C_Potsdam%2C_Sanssouci%2C_Sphinx_im_Park_Sanssouci.jpg/380px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_170-770%2C_Potsdam%2C_Sanssouci%2C_Sphinx_im_Park_Sanssouci.jpg 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="553" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Park_Sanssouci" class="mw-redirect" title="Park Sanssouci">Park Sanssouci</a> in <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Queluz_Palace_sphynx_statue_and_ballroom_wing.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Queluz wingless rococo sphinx"><img alt="Queluz wingless rococo sphinx" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Queluz_Palace_sphynx_statue_and_ballroom_wing.JPG/190px-Queluz_Palace_sphynx_statue_and_ballroom_wing.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Queluz_Palace_sphynx_statue_and_ballroom_wing.JPG/285px-Queluz_Palace_sphynx_statue_and_ballroom_wing.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Queluz_Palace_sphynx_statue_and_ballroom_wing.JPG/380px-Queluz_Palace_sphynx_statue_and_ballroom_wing.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Queluz_National_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Queluz National Palace">Queluz</a> wingless rococo sphinx</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Enghien_CHSph1JPG.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Classic Régence garden Sphinx in lead, Château Empain, the Parc d'Enghien [nl], Belgium"><img alt="Classic Régence garden Sphinx in lead, Château Empain, the Parc d'Enghien [nl], Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Enghien_CHSph1JPG.jpg/190px-Enghien_CHSph1JPG.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Enghien_CHSph1JPG.jpg/285px-Enghien_CHSph1JPG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Enghien_CHSph1JPG.jpg/380px-Enghien_CHSph1JPG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Classic Régence garden Sphinx in lead, Château Empain, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parc_d%27Enghien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parc d'Enghien (page does not exist)">Parc d'Enghien</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_d%27Enghien" class="extiw" title="nl:Parc d'Enghien">nl</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sphinx_-_Park_Sch%C3%B6nbusch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Park Schönbusch in Aschaffenburg, Bavaria, 1789–90"><img alt="Park Schönbusch in Aschaffenburg, Bavaria, 1789–90" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sphinx_-_Park_Sch%C3%B6nbusch.jpg/190px-Sphinx_-_Park_Sch%C3%B6nbusch.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sphinx_-_Park_Sch%C3%B6nbusch.jpg/285px-Sphinx_-_Park_Sch%C3%B6nbusch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sphinx_-_Park_Sch%C3%B6nbusch.jpg/380px-Sphinx_-_Park_Sch%C3%B6nbusch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Park Schönbusch in <a href="/wiki/Aschaffenburg" title="Aschaffenburg">Aschaffenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, 1789–90</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IngresOdipusAndSphinx.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ingres, Oedipus and the Sphinx, 1808, 1827"><img alt="Ingres, Oedipus and the Sphinx, 1808, 1827" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/IngresOdipusAndSphinx.jpg/136px-IngresOdipusAndSphinx.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/IngresOdipusAndSphinx.jpg/205px-IngresOdipusAndSphinx.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/IngresOdipusAndSphinx.jpg/273px-IngresOdipusAndSphinx.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1518" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres">Ingres</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_(Ingres)" title="Oedipus and the Sphinx (Ingres)">Oedipus and the Sphinx</a></i>, 1808, 1827</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_MET_DP-14201-023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oedipus and the Sphinx by Gustave Moreau, 1864"><img alt="Oedipus and the Sphinx by Gustave Moreau, 1864" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_MET_DP-14201-023.jpg/93px-Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_MET_DP-14201-023.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_MET_DP-14201-023.jpg/140px-Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_MET_DP-14201-023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_MET_DP-14201-023.jpg/186px-Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_MET_DP-14201-023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2072" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx" title="Oedipus and the Sphinx">Oedipus and the Sphinx</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Moreau" title="Gustave Moreau">Gustave Moreau</a>, 1864</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jardin_El_Capricho_Sfinxs_at_Plaza_de_los_Emperadores05_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sphinx at Plaza de los Emperadores (Parque de El Capricho, Madrid)"><img alt="Sphinx at Plaza de los Emperadores (Parque de El Capricho, Madrid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jardin_El_Capricho_Sfinxs_at_Plaza_de_los_Emperadores05_cropped.jpg/152px-Jardin_El_Capricho_Sfinxs_at_Plaza_de_los_Emperadores05_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jardin_El_Capricho_Sfinxs_at_Plaza_de_los_Emperadores05_cropped.jpg/227px-Jardin_El_Capricho_Sfinxs_at_Plaza_de_los_Emperadores05_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jardin_El_Capricho_Sfinxs_at_Plaza_de_los_Emperadores05_cropped.jpg/303px-Jardin_El_Capricho_Sfinxs_at_Plaza_de_los_Emperadores05_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sphinx at Plaza de los Emperadores (Parque de El Capricho, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marble_sphinx_on_a_cavetto_capital.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marble sphinx on a cavetto capital, Attic, c. 580–575 BC"><img alt="Marble sphinx on a cavetto capital, Attic, c. 580–575 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Marble_sphinx_on_a_cavetto_capital.jpg/129px-Marble_sphinx_on_a_cavetto_capital.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Marble_sphinx_on_a_cavetto_capital.jpg/193px-Marble_sphinx_on_a_cavetto_capital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Marble_sphinx_on_a_cavetto_capital.jpg/257px-Marble_sphinx_on_a_cavetto_capital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1049" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Marble sphinx on a <a href="/wiki/Cavetto" title="Cavetto">cavetto</a> capital, Attic, c. 580–575 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asmara,_museo_nazionale,_la_sfinge_di_adi_gramaten_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Sphinx of Adi Gramaten, Eritrea"><img alt="The Sphinx of Adi Gramaten, Eritrea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Asmara%2C_museo_nazionale%2C_la_sfinge_di_adi_gramaten_03.jpg/139px-Asmara%2C_museo_nazionale%2C_la_sfinge_di_adi_gramaten_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Asmara%2C_museo_nazionale%2C_la_sfinge_di_adi_gramaten_03.jpg/209px-Asmara%2C_museo_nazionale%2C_la_sfinge_di_adi_gramaten_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Asmara%2C_museo_nazionale%2C_la_sfinge_di_adi_gramaten_03.jpg/278px-Asmara%2C_museo_nazionale%2C_la_sfinge_di_adi_gramaten_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2148" data-file-height="2778" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Sphinx of Adi Gramaten, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wings_of_sphinges,_Neapolis.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Wings of sphinxes from the Thinissut sanctuary, c. 1st century AD (Nabeul Museum, Tunisia)"><img alt="Wings of sphinxes from the Thinissut sanctuary, c. 1st century AD (Nabeul Museum, Tunisia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Wings_of_sphinges%2C_Neapolis.JPG/250px-Wings_of_sphinges%2C_Neapolis.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Wings_of_sphinges%2C_Neapolis.JPG/330px-Wings_of_sphinges%2C_Neapolis.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Wings_of_sphinges%2C_Neapolis.JPG/500px-Wings_of_sphinges%2C_Neapolis.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wings of sphinxes from the Thinissut sanctuary, c. 1st century AD (<a href="/wiki/Nabeul_Museum" title="Nabeul Museum">Nabeul Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sphinx_of_Hetepheres_II_-_fourth_dynasty_of_Egypt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An early Egyptian sphinx, Queen Hetepheres II from the Fourth Dynasty (Cairo Museum)"><img alt="An early Egyptian sphinx, Queen Hetepheres II from the Fourth Dynasty (Cairo Museum)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Sphinx_of_Hetepheres_II_-_fourth_dynasty_of_Egypt.jpg/190px-Sphinx_of_Hetepheres_II_-_fourth_dynasty_of_Egypt.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Sphinx_of_Hetepheres_II_-_fourth_dynasty_of_Egypt.jpg/285px-Sphinx_of_Hetepheres_II_-_fourth_dynasty_of_Egypt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Sphinx_of_Hetepheres_II_-_fourth_dynasty_of_Egypt.jpg/380px-Sphinx_of_Hetepheres_II_-_fourth_dynasty_of_Egypt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An early Egyptian sphinx, Queen <a href="/wiki/Hetepheres_II" title="Hetepheres II">Hetepheres II</a> from the Fourth Dynasty (<a href="/wiki/Cairo_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairo Museum">Cairo Museum</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elamite_Gopat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Picture of an Iranian Elamite Gopat on a seal, currently in the National Museum of Iran"><img alt="Picture of an Iranian Elamite Gopat on a seal, currently in the National Museum of Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Elamite_Gopat.jpg/189px-Elamite_Gopat.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Elamite_Gopat.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="207" data-file-height="197" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Picture of an Iranian Elamite Gopat on a seal, currently in the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Iran" title="National Museum of Iran">National Museum of Iran</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Luristan_Bronze_in_the_form_of_a_Gopat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An Iranian Luristan Bronze in the form of a Gopat, currently in the Cleveland Museum of Art"><img alt="An Iranian Luristan Bronze in the form of a Gopat, currently in the Cleveland Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/A_Luristan_Bronze_in_the_form_of_a_Gopat.jpg/141px-A_Luristan_Bronze_in_the_form_of_a_Gopat.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/A_Luristan_Bronze_in_the_form_of_a_Gopat.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="197" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An Iranian Luristan Bronze in the form of a Gopat, currently in the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Picture_of_a_Gopat_on_a_rython_from_Amarlou.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Picture of a Gopat on a golden rhyton from Amarlou, Iran, currently in the National Museum of Iran"><img alt="Picture of a Gopat on a golden rhyton from Amarlou, Iran, currently in the National Museum of Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Picture_of_a_Gopat_on_a_rython_from_Amarlou.jpg/153px-Picture_of_a_Gopat_on_a_rython_from_Amarlou.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Picture_of_a_Gopat_on_a_rython_from_Amarlou.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="197" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Picture of a Gopat on a golden rhyton from Amarlou, Iran, currently in the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Iran" title="National Museum of Iran">National Museum of Iran</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sculpture_model_of_an_Egyptian_sphinx._Late_Period,_664-332_BCE._From_Egypt._Neues_Museum._Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sculpture model of an Egyptian sphinx. Late Period, 664-332 BC. From Egypt. Neues Museum, Berlin."><img alt="Sculpture model of an Egyptian sphinx. Late Period, 664-332 BC. From Egypt. Neues Museum, Berlin." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sculpture_model_of_an_Egyptian_sphinx._Late_Period%2C_664-332_BCE._From_Egypt._Neues_Museum._Berlin.jpg/190px-Sculpture_model_of_an_Egyptian_sphinx._Late_Period%2C_664-332_BCE._From_Egypt._Neues_Museum._Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sculpture_model_of_an_Egyptian_sphinx._Late_Period%2C_664-332_BCE._From_Egypt._Neues_Museum._Berlin.jpg/285px-Sculpture_model_of_an_Egyptian_sphinx._Late_Period%2C_664-332_BCE._From_Egypt._Neues_Museum._Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sculpture_model_of_an_Egyptian_sphinx._Late_Period%2C_664-332_BCE._From_Egypt._Neues_Museum._Berlin.jpg/380px-Sculpture_model_of_an_Egyptian_sphinx._Late_Period%2C_664-332_BCE._From_Egypt._Neues_Museum._Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4019" data-file-height="3100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sculpture model of an Egyptian sphinx. Late Period, 664-332 BC. From Egypt. Neues Museum, Berlin.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mythological_hybrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythological hybrid">Hybrid creatures in mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hybrid_creatures_in_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hybrid creatures in mythology">List of hybrid creatures in mythology</a></li></ul> <p><b>Similar hybrid creatures</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_draco" title="Dacian draco">Lupul Dacic</a> or the head of a wolf with the body of a snake, the sacred symbol of the Dacians, the ancient inhabitants of modern Romania.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anz%C3%BB_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anzû (mythology)">Anzû</a> (older reading: Zû), Mesopotamian monster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">Chimera</a>, Greek mythological hybrid monster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaur" title="Centaur">Centaur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ichthyocentaur" title="Ichthyocentaur">Ichthyocentaur</a>, Greek horse and human hybrid, or horse, human, fish hybrid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockatrice" title="Cockatrice">Cockatrice</a>, snake with rooster's head and feet and bat's wings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">Dragon</a>, European and East Asian reptile-like mythical creature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">Griffin</a> or griffon, lion-bird hybrid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpy" title="Harpy">Harpy</a>, Greco-Roman mythological bird monster with woman's face</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">Siren</a>, Greco-Roman mythical creature with the combined features of a woman and bird, often a woman's head and breasts and a bird's body</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamassu" title="Lamassu">Lamassu</a>, Assyrian deity, bull/lion-eagle-human hybrid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippogryph" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippogryph">Hippogryph</a>, half eagle, half horse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manticore" title="Manticore">Manticore</a>, Persian monster with a lion's body and a humanoid head.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nue" title="Nue">Nue</a>, Japanese legendary creature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus" title="Pegasus">Pegasus</a>, winged stallion in Greek mythology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(mythology)" title="Phoenix (mythology)">Phoenix</a>, self-regenerating bird in Greek mythology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixiu" title="Pixiu">Pixiu</a> or Pi Yao, Chinese mythical creature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qilin" title="Qilin">Qilin</a>, Chinese/East Asian mythical hybrid creature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyr" title="Satyr">Satyr</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Faun" title="Faun">Faun</a>, a Greek or Roman mythical creature that is half human half goat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharabha" title="Sharabha">Sharabha</a>, Hindu mythology: lion-bird hybrid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simurgh" title="Simurgh">Simurgh</a>, Iranian mythical flying creature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirin" title="Sirin">Sirin</a>, Russian mythological creature, half-woman half-bird</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_Lion" title="Snow Lion">Snow Lion</a>, Tibetan mythological celestial animal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yali_(Hindu_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yali (Hindu mythology)">Yali</a>, Hindu mythological lion-elephant-horse hybrid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziz" title="Ziz">Ziz</a>, giant griffin-like bird in Jewish mythology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komainu" title="Komainu">Komainu</a> to compare its use in Japanese culture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinthe" title="Chinthe">Chinthe</a> similar lion statues in Burma, Laos and Cambodia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shisa" title="Shisa">Shisa</a> similar lion statues in the Ryukyu Islands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nian" title="Nian">Nian</a> to compare with a similar but horned (unicorn) mythical beast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haetae" class="mw-redirect" title="Haetae">Haetae</a> to compare with similar lion-like statues in <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>.</li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sphinxes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sphinxes">Sphinxes</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Boeotian</a>: <span lang="grc">φίξ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">phíx</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="grc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[pʰíːks]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.hsc.edu/drjclassics/texts/Oedipus/sphinx.shtm">"Dr. J's Lecture on Oedipus and the Sphinx"</a>. People.hsc.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr.+J%27s+Lecture+on+Oedipus+and+the+Sphinx&rft.pub=People.hsc.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.hsc.edu%2Fdrjclassics%2Ftexts%2FOedipus%2Fsphinx.shtm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kallich, Martin. "Oedipus and the Sphinx." Oedipus: Myth and Drama. N.p.: Western, 1968. N. pag. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stewart, Desmond. Pyramids and the Sphinx. [S.l.]: Newsweek, U.S., 72. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=sfi/ggw"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σφίγγειν</span></span></a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott, Robert</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Beekes, 2010: 1431-2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note that the γ takes on a 'ng' sound in front of both γ and ξ. See <a href="/wiki/Agma" class="mw-redirect" title="Agma">agma</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-multiple-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-multiple_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBauer2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Wise_Bauer" title="Susan Wise Bauer">Bauer, S. Wise</a> (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00baue/page/110"><i>The History of the Ancient World</i></a></span>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.">W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.</a> pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00baue/page/110">110–112</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-05974-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-05974-8"><bdi>978-0-393-05974-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Ancient+World&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=110-112&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-393-05974-8&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=S.+Wise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofancient00baue%2Fpage%2F110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilkinson_2003_p.-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wilkinson_2003_p._9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2003" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, Richard H. (2003). <i>The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt</i>. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-05120-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-05120-7"><bdi>978-0-500-05120-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Gods+and+Goddesses+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=London&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-500-05120-7&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Richard+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Photo: Great Sphinx before clearance, Brooklyn Museum Archives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian Dunning (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4693">[1]</a> <i>Skeptoid Podcast</i>, episode 693 'The Age of the Sphinx'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStrudwick2006" class="citation book cs1">Strudwick, Helen (2006). <i>The Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt</i>. New York: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. pp. <span class="nowrap">254–</span>255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4351-4654-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4351-4654-9"><bdi>978-1-4351-4654-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E254-%3C%2Fspan%3E255&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishing+Co.%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4351-4654-9&rft.aulast=Strudwick&rft.aufirst=Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Regier, Willis Goth. <i>Book of the Sphinx</i> (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004), 54, 59, 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKuta2023" class="citation web cs1">Kuta, Sarah (8 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-egypt-unearth-small-sphinx-statue-180981770/#:~:text=Archaeologists%20have%20discovered%20a%20small,River%20in%20the%20Qena%20province.">"Smiling Sphinx Statue Unearted in Egypt"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=Smiling+Sphinx+Statue+Unearted+in+Egypt&rft.date=2023-03-08&rft.aulast=Kuta&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fsmart-news%2Farchaeologists-egypt-unearth-small-sphinx-statue-180981770%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DArchaeologists%2520have%2520discovered%2520a%2520small%2CRiver%2520in%2520the%2520Qena%2520province.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Museums_of_Fine_Arts_of_Belgium2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Museums_of_Fine_Arts_of_Belgium" title="Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium">Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium</a> (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/asset/-/_AGlYSd0kETwGw">"Caresses"</a>. Google Arts and Culture.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caresses&rft.pub=Google+Arts+and+Culture&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Royal+Museums+of+Fine+Arts+of+Belgium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fculturalinstitute%2Fbeta%2Fasset%2F-%2F_AGlYSd0kETwGw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldfarb1962" class="citation journal cs1">Goldfarb, Russell M. (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/427899">"Late Victorian Decadence"</a>. <i>The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism</i>. <b>20</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">369–</span>373. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F427899">10.2307/427899</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8529">0021-8529</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/427899">427899</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Aesthetics+and+Art+Criticism&rft.atitle=Late+Victorian+Decadence&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E369-%3C%2Fspan%3E373&rft.date=1962&rft.issn=0021-8529&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F427899%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F427899&rft.aulast=Goldfarb&rft.aufirst=Russell+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F427899&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson2003" class="citation journal cs1">Atkinson, Tully (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/45270114">"The Sphinx: Wilde's Decadent Poem and Its Place in "Fin-De-Siècle" Letters"</a>. <i>The Wildean</i> (23): <span class="nowrap">44–</span>54. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1357-4949">1357-4949</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/45270114">45270114</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wildean&rft.atitle=The+Sphinx%3A+Wilde%27s+Decadent+Poem+and+Its+Place+in+%22Fin-De-Si%C3%A8cle%22+Letters&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E44-%3C%2Fspan%3E54&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F45270114%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=1357-4949&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Tully&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F45270114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLyytikäinen2003" class="citation book cs1">Lyytikäinen, Pirjo (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/31117/9789517464390_changing_scenes-REVISED.pdf?sequence=1#page=12"><i>Changing Scenes: Encounters between European and Finnish Fin de Siècle</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Finnish Literature Society. pp. <span class="nowrap">12–</span>30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-952-222-990-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-952-222-990-8"><bdi>978-952-222-990-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Changing+Scenes%3A+Encounters+between+European+and+Finnish+Fin+de+Si%C3%A8cle&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E12-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.pub=The+Finnish+Literature+Society&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-952-222-990-8&rft.aulast=Lyytik%C3%A4inen&rft.aufirst=Pirjo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.oapen.org%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F20.500.12657%2F31117%2F9789517464390_changing_scenes-REVISED.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%23page%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarker1998" class="citation journal cs1">Barker, Deborah (January 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10436929808580211">"The riddle of the Sphinx: Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's The Story of Avis"</a>. <i>Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory</i>. <b>9</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">31–</span>64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10436929808580211">10.1080/10436929808580211</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1043-6928">1043-6928</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lit%3A+Literature+Interpretation+Theory&rft.atitle=The+riddle+of+the+Sphinx%3A+Elizabeth+Stuart+Phelps%27s+The+Story+of+Avis&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E31-%3C%2Fspan%3E64&rft.date=1998-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10436929808580211&rft.issn=1043-6928&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F10436929808580211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://victorianweb.org/authors/wilde/sphinx.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The Sphinx" by Oscar Wilde"</a>. <i>victorianweb.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=victorianweb.org&rft.atitle=%22The+Sphinx%22+by+Oscar+Wilde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvictorianweb.org%2Fauthors%2Fwilde%2Fsphinx.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFoundation2024" class="citation web cs1">Foundation, Poetry (12 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45407/the-city-of-dreadful-night">"The City of Dreadful Night by James Thomson (Bysshe Vanolis)"</a>. <i>Poetry Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poetry+Foundation&rft.atitle=The+City+of+Dreadful+Night+by+James+Thomson+%28Bysshe+Vanolis%29&rft.date=2024-03-12&rft.aulast=Foundation&rft.aufirst=Poetry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poetryfoundation.org%2Fpoems%2F45407%2Fthe-city-of-dreadful-night&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apollod-358-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-apollod-358_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apollod-358_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apollod-358_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, Library <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D3%3Achapter%3D5%3Asection%3D8">Apollod. 3.5.8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Plin.+Nat.+8.30">Pliny the Elder, Natural History 8.30 </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p. 5,6,24. Fattovich, Rodolfo. "Remarks on the pre-Aksumite period in northern Ethiopia." <i>Journal of Ethiopian Studies</i> 23 (1990): 1-33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theoi.com/Text/StatiusThebaid2.html">Statius, Thebaid, 2.496 </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.29.xml">326–327</a>. Who is meant as the mother is unclear, the problem arising from the ambiguous referent of the pronoun "she" in line 326 of the <i>Theogony</i>, see Clay, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hesiodscosmos0000clay/page/159">p.159, note 34</a>; Most, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.29.xml">p. 29 n. 20</a>; Gantz, pp. 23–24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="//archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.233311/page/n237" class="extiw" title="iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.233311/page/n237">Lasus fr. 3, on <i>Lyra Graeca II</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSear2010" class="citation book cs1">Sear, David (2010). <i>Greek Imperial coins and their values – The Local Coinages of the Roman Empire</i>. Nabu Press. p. xiv.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Imperial+coins+and+their+values+%E2%80%93+The+Local+Coinages+of+the+Roman+Empire&rft.pages=xiv&rft.pub=Nabu+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Sear&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEdmunds1981" class="citation book cs1">Edmunds, Lowell (1981). <i>The Sphinx in the Oedipus Legend</i>. Königstein im Taunus: Hain. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-445-02184-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-445-02184-8"><bdi>3-445-02184-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sphinx+in+the+Oedipus+Legend&rft.place=K%C3%B6nigstein+im+Taunus&rft.pub=Hain&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=3-445-02184-8&rft.aulast=Edmunds&rft.aufirst=Lowell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrimal1996" class="citation book cs1">Grimal, Pierre (1996). <i>The Dictionary of Classical Mythology</i>. trans. A. R. Maxwell-Hyslop. Blackwell Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-20102-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-20102-5"><bdi>0-631-20102-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dictionary+of+Classical+Mythology&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-631-20102-5&rft.aulast=Grimal&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span> (entry "Oedipus", p. 324)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julien d'Huy (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ehess.academia.edu/JuliendHuy/Papers/1949877/LAquitaine_sur_la_route_dOedipe_La_Sphinge_comme_motif_prehistorique._-_Bulletin_de_la_SERPE_61_2012_15-21">L'Aquitaine sur la route d'Oedipe? La Sphinge comme motif préhistorique.</a> <i>Bulletin de la SERPE</i>, 61: 15-21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Apollod. 3.5.8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Sphinx"<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHornblower2012" class="citation book cs1">Hornblower, Simon (2012). <i>Oxford Classical Dictionary</i>. Anthony Spawforth, Esther Eidinow. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Classical+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Hornblower&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'An Autobiographical Study', Sigmund Freud, W. W. Norton & Company, 1963, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xkU5eiigOZoC&dq=freud%20Autobiographical%20Study&pg=PA39">p.39</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Regier, <i>Book of the Sphinx</i>, chapter 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelworld.ro/romanesc/legende/sfinx.php">"Sfinxul din Muntii Bucegi"</a>. Travelworld.ro<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sfinxul+din+Muntii+Bucegi&rft.pub=Travelworld.ro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelworld.ro%2Fromanesc%2Flegende%2Fsfinx.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-natureFlip-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-natureFlip_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLouise_McTigue2014" class="citation web cs1">Louise McTigue, ed. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.natureflip.com/bucegi-natural-park">"Bucegi Natural Park"</a>. Nature Flip<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2014</span>. <q>Latitude: 45.382416 Longitude: 25.449116. About Bucegi Natural Park: Located in south central Romania in the Bucegi Mountains, Bucegi Natural Park covers a total area of 325 km<sup>2</sup> (125 sq mi). Half falls within the Dâmbovita county with the remainder split relatively equally between Prahova and Brasov. Unsurprisingly, given its location, it is a mountainous landscape with caves, canyons, sinkholes, valleys and waterfalls, alongside meadows and forests. Significant features include the Babele (Old Women) and the Sphinx.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bucegi+Natural+Park&rft.pub=Nature+Flip&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.natureflip.com%2Fbucegi-natural-park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DD-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DD_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DD_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Sphinxes of all sorts occur on the Bharhut gateways" <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKosambi2002" class="citation book cs1">Kosambi, Damodar Dharmanand (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0OhtAAAAMAAJ"><i>Combined Methods in Indology and Other Writings</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 459. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195642391" title="Special:BookSources/9780195642391"><bdi>9780195642391</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Combined+Methods+in+Indology+and+Other+Writings&rft.pages=459&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780195642391&rft.aulast=Kosambi&rft.aufirst=Damodar+Dharmanand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0OhtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Deekshitar, Raja. "Discovering the Anthropomorphic Lion in Indian Art." in <i>Marg. A Magazine of the Arts</i>. 55/4, 2004, p.34-41; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sphinxofindia.rajadeekshithar.com">Sphinx of India</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Demisch,_Die_Sphinx-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Demisch,_Die_Sphinx_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Demisch,_Die_Sphinx_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDemisch1977" class="citation book cs1">Demisch, Heinz (1977). <i>Die Sphinx. Geschichte ihrer Darstellung von den Anfangen bis zur Gegenwart</i>. Stuttgart.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Sphinx.+Geschichte+ihrer+Darstellung+von+den+Anfangen+bis+zur+Gegenwart&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Demisch&rft.aufirst=Heinz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPattanaik2024" class="citation news cs1">Pattanaik, Devdutt (14 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/purusha-mriga-other-fantastic-beasts-devdutt-column/article67938320.ece">"Purusha-mriga and other fantastic beasts"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Purusha-mriga+and+other+fantastic+beasts&rft.date=2024-03-14&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.aulast=Pattanaik&rft.aufirst=Devdutt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fsociety%2Fhistory-and-culture%2Fpurusha-mriga-other-fantastic-beasts-devdutt-column%2Farticle67938320.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.himmapan.com/himmapan_lion_thepnorasri.html">"Thep Norasri"</a>. Himmapan.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thep+Norasri&rft.pub=Himmapan.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.himmapan.com%2Fhimmapan_lion_thepnorasri.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474256278.ch-006">"Echoes of Ancient Greek Myths in Murakami Haruki's novels and in Other Works of Contemporary Japanese Literature"</a>. <i>Ancient Greek Myth in World Fiction since 1989</i>. Bloomsbury Academic. 2016. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5040%2F9781474256278.ch-006">10.5040/9781474256278.ch-006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-5627-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-5627-8"><bdi>978-1-4742-5627-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ancient+Greek+Myth+in+World+Fiction+since+1989&rft.atitle=Echoes+of+Ancient+Greek+Myths+in+Murakami+Haruki%27s+novels+and+in+Other+Works+of+Contemporary+Japanese+Literature&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5040%2F9781474256278.ch-006&rft.isbn=978-1-4742-5627-8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.5040%2F9781474256278.ch-006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEdmunds1996" class="citation journal cs1">Edmunds, Lowell (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4351896">"Oedipus in Burma"</a>. <i>The Classical World</i>. <b>90</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">15–</span>22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4351896">10.2307/4351896</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4351896">4351896</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Classical+World&rft.atitle=Oedipus+in+Burma&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4351896&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4351896%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Edmunds&rft.aufirst=Lowell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4351896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFreund1995" class="citation news cs1">Freund, Charles Paul (5 November 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1995/11/05/from-satan-to-the-sphinx-the-masonic-mysteries-of-dcs-map/9bff53f2-0fa5-4149-bcae-6b8a2c77203d/">"From Satan to The Sphinx: The Masonic Mysteries of D.C.'s Map"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=From+Satan+to+The+Sphinx%3A+The+Masonic+Mysteries+of+D.C.%27s+Map&rft.date=1995-11-05&rft.aulast=Freund&rft.aufirst=Charles+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fopinions%2F1995%2F11%2F05%2Ffrom-satan-to-the-sphinx-the-masonic-mysteries-of-dcs-map%2F9bff53f2-0fa5-4149-bcae-6b8a2c77203d%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaylor" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, David A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/the-lost-symbols-masonic-temple-151145416/">"The Lost Symbol's Masonic Temple"</a>. <i>Smithsonian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=The+Lost+Symbol%27s+Masonic+Temple&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Ftravel%2Fthe-lost-symbols-masonic-temple-151145416%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avesta.org/mp/dd42.htm#chap90">"Dadestan-i Denig, Question 90, Paragraph 4"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dadestan-i+Denig%2C+Question+90%2C+Paragraph+4.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avesta.org%2Fmp%2Fdd42.htm%23chap90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avesta.org/mp/mx.html#chap62">"Menog-i Khrad, Chapter 62"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Menog-i+Khrad%2C+Chapter+62.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avesta.org%2Fmp%2Fmx.html%23chap62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaheri2017" class="citation web cs1">Taheri, Sadreddin (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220705074326/http://tsaart.eshragh.ir/Portal/home/?news/3640/624698/627768/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7--%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C">"The Semiotics of Archetypes, in the Art of Ancient Iran and its Adjacent Cultures"</a>. Tehran: Shour Afarin Publications. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tsaart.eshragh.ir/Portal/home/?news/3640/624698/627768/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7--%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C">the original</a> on 5 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Semiotics+of+Archetypes%2C+in+the+Art+of+Ancient+Iran+and+its+Adjacent+Cultures&rft.pub=Tehran%3A+Shour+Afarin+Publications&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Taheri&rft.aufirst=Sadreddin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftsaart.eshragh.ir%2FPortal%2Fhome%2F%3Fnews%2F3640%2F624698%2F627768%2F%25D9%2586%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2587-%25D8%25B4%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C-%25DA%25A9%25D9%2587%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DA%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7--%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587-%25D8%25B5%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D9%2586-%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaheri2013" class="citation journal cs1">Taheri, Sadreddin (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jfava.ut.ac.ir/article_30063.html">"Gopat and Shirdal in the Near East"</a>. <i>نشریه هنرهای زیبا- هنرهای تجسمی</i>. <b>17</b> (4(زمستان 1391)). Tehran: Honarhay-e Ziba Journal, Vol. 17, No. 4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22059%2Fjfava.2013.30063">10.22059/jfava.2013.30063</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87+%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7-+%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C&rft.atitle=Gopat+and+Shirdal+in+the+Near+East&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4%28%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86+1391%29&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22059%2Fjfava.2013.30063&rft.aulast=Taheri&rft.aufirst=Sadreddin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjfava.ut.ac.ir%2Farticle_30063.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.archaeology.org/1203/features/stadelhole_hohlenstein_paleolithic_lowenmensch.html">"New Life for the Lion Man – Archaeology Magazine Archive"</a>. <i>archive.archaeology.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.archaeology.org&rft.atitle=New+Life+for+the+Lion+Man+%E2%80%93+Archaeology+Magazine+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.archaeology.org%2F1203%2Ffeatures%2Fstadelhole_hohlenstein_paleolithic_lowenmensch.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pausanias, Pausanias, Description of Greece, 9.21.4</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Caldwell, Richard, <i>Hesiod's Theogony</i>, Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Company (1 June 1987). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-941051-00-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-941051-00-2">978-0-941051-00-2</a>.</li> <li>Clay, Jenny Strauss, <i>Hesiod's Cosmos</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-82392-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-82392-0">978-0-521-82392-0</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Gantz" title="Timothy Gantz">Gantz, Timothy</a>, <i>Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources</i>, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5360-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5360-9">978-0-8018-5360-9</a> (Vol. 1), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5362-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5362-3">978-0-8018-5362-3</a> (Vol. 2).</li> <li>Kallich, Martin. "Oedipus and the Sphinx." <i>Oedipus: Myth and Drama</i>. N.p.: Western, 1968. N. pag. Print.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_W._Most" title="Glenn W. Most">Most, G.W.</a>, <i>Hesiod, Theogony, Works and Days, Testimonia,</i> Edited and translated by Glenn W. Most, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 57, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2018. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99720-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99720-2">978-0-674-99720-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL057/2018/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li>Stewart, Desmond. Pyramids and the Sphinx. [S.l.]: <i>Newsweek</i>, U.S., 72. Print.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaheri2013" class="citation journal cs1">Taheri, Sadreddin (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jfava.ut.ac.ir/article_30063.html">"Gopat (Sphinx) and Shirdal (Gryphon) in the Ancient Middle East"</a>. <i>نشریه هنرهای زیبا- هنرهای تجسمی</i>. <b>17</b> (4(زمستان 1391)). Tehran: Honarhay-e Ziba Journal, Vol. 17, No. 4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22059%2Fjfava.2013.30063">10.22059/jfava.2013.30063</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87+%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7-+%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C&rft.atitle=Gopat+%28Sphinx%29+and+Shirdal+%28Gryphon%29+in+the+Ancient+Middle+East&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4%28%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86+1391%29&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22059%2Fjfava.2013.30063&rft.aulast=Taheri&rft.aufirst=Sadreddin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjfava.ut.ac.ir%2Farticle_30063.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGriffithMitchell1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Llewellyn_Griffith" title="Francis Llewellyn Griffith">Griffith, Francis Llewellyn</a>; Mitchell, John Malcolm (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Sphinx"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Sphinx">"Sphinx" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). pp. <span class="nowrap">662–</span>663.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sphinx&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E662-%3C%2Fspan%3E663&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=Francis+Llewellyn&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+John+Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphinx" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dessenne, André. <i>La Sphinx: Étude iconographique</i> (in French). De Boccard, 1957.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinx&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141127153327/http://www.newslobby.net/2014/10/23/historical-moment-sphinx-head-found-in-greek-tomb/">Sphinx Head Found in Greek Tomb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Djed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Djed.svg/175px-Djed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Djed.svg/263px-Djed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Djed.svg/350px-Djed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="390" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canopic_jar" title="Canopic jar">Canopic jars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ritual_of_Embalming_Papyrus" title="The Ritual of Embalming Papyrus">Embalming ritual</a></li> <li><a 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ogdoad_(Egyptian)" title="Ogdoad (Egyptian)">Ogdoad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amunet" title="Amunet">Amunet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heh_(god)" title="Heh (god)">Heh and Hauhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kek_(mythology)" title="Kek (mythology)">Kek and Kauket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_(mythology)" title="Nu (mythology)">Nu and Naunet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ennead" title="Ennead">Ennead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geb" title="Geb">Geb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys">Nephthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(goddess)" title="Nut (goddess)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Shu (Egyptian god)">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnut" title="Tefnut">Tefnut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Triad_(religion)" title="Triad (religion)">Triads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theban_Triad" title="Theban Triad">Theban Triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephantine#Elephantine_triad" title="Elephantine">Elephantine Triad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>A</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aani" title="Aani">Aani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aati" title="Aati">Aati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaset" title="Abaset">Abaset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abtu" title="Abtu">Abtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose-Nefertari#Death_and_deification" title="Ahmose-Nefertari">Ahmose-Nefertari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aker_(deity)" title="Aker (deity)">Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhty_(deity)" title="Akhty (deity)">Akhty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_I#Funerary_cult" title="Amenhotep I">Amenhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep,_son_of_Hapu#Legacy" title="Amenhotep, son of Hapu">Amenhotep, son of Hapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amesemi" title="Amesemi">Amesemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am-heh" title="Am-heh">Am-heh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammit" title="Ammit">Ammit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amu-Aa" title="Amu-Aa">Amu-Aa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anat" title="Anat">Anat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andjety" title="Andjety">Andjety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhur" title="Anhur">Anhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anput" title="Anput">Anput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuket" title="Anuket">Anuket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apedemak" title="Apedemak">Apedemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apep" title="Apep">Apep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apesh" title="Apesh">Apesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apis_(deity)" title="Apis (deity)">Apis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqen" title="Aqen">Aqen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arensnuphis" title="Arensnuphis">Arensnuphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_(deity)" title="Ash (deity)">Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assessors_of_Maat" title="Assessors of Maat">Assessors of Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astarte" title="Astarte">Astarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a></li> <li><b>B</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baalat_Gebal" title="Baalat Gebal">Baalat Gebal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babi_(mythology)" title="Babi (mythology)">Babi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banebdjedet" title="Banebdjedet">Banebdjedet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba-Pef" title="Ba-Pef">Ba-Pef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_(goddess)" title="Bat (goddess)">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bata_(god)" title="Bata (god)">Bata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennu" title="Bennu">Bennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beset" class="mw-redirect" title="Beset">Beset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchis" title="Buchis">Buchis</a></li> <li><b>C</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavern_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Cavern deities of the underworld">Cavern deities of the underworld</a></li> <li><b>D</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedun" title="Dedun">Dedun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus-Osiris" title="Dionysus-Osiris">Dionysus-Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedefhor" title="Djedefhor">Djedefhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duamutef" class="mw-redirect" title="Duamutef">Duamutef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duau_(god)" title="Duau (god)">Duau</a></li> <li><b>G</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Gate deities of the underworld">Gate deities of the underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengen-Wer" title="Gengen-Wer">Gengen-Wer</a></li> <li><b>H</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha_(mythology)" title="Ha (mythology)">Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapi_(Nile_god)" title="Hapi (Nile god)">Hapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_sons_of_Horus" title="Four sons of Horus">Hapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmachis" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmachis">Harmachis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsomtus" title="Harsomtus">Harsomtus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatmehit" title="Hatmehit">Hatmehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauron" title="Hauron">Hauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedetet" title="Hedetet">Hedetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjhotep" title="Hedjhotep">Hedjhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heka_(god)" title="Heka (god)">Heka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemen" title="Hemen">Hemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemsut" title="Hemsut">Hemsut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henet" title="Henet">Henet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqaib#Legacy" title="Heqaib">Heqaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqet" title="Heqet">Heqet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermanubis" title="Hermanubis">Hermanubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heru-ur" class="mw-redirect" title="Heru-ur">Heru-ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heryshaf" title="Heryshaf">Heryshaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesat" title="Hesat">Hesat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_(mythology)" title="Hu (mythology)">Hu</a></li> <li><b>I</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iabet" title="Iabet">Iabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iah" title="Iah">Iah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iat" title="Iat">Iat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igai_(deity)" title="Igai (deity)">Igai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihy" title="Ihy">Ihy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhemu-sek" title="Ikhemu-sek">Ikhemu-sek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imentet" title="Imentet">Imentet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imhotep#Deification" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imsety" class="mw-redirect" title="Imsety">Imsety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipy_(goddess)" title="Ipy (goddess)">Ipy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irer" title="Irer">Irer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishtar">Ishtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iunit" title="Iunit">Iunit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iusaaset" title="Iusaaset">Iusaaset</a></li> <li><b>J</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Ammon" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter Ammon">Jupiter Ammon</a></li> <li><b>K</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagemni_I" title="Kagemni I">Kagemni I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebechet" title="Kebechet">Kebechet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khensit" title="Khensit">Khensit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-Amentiu" title="Khenti-Amentiu">Khenti-Amentiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-kheti" title="Khenti-kheti">Khenti-kheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepri" title="Khepri">Khepri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khereduankh" title="Khereduankh">Khereduankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherty" title="Kherty">Kherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum">Khnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khonsu" title="Khonsu">Khonsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolanthes" title="Kolanthes">Kolanthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothar-wa-Khasis" title="Kothar-wa-Khasis">Kothar-wa-Khasis</a></li> <li><b>M</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maahes" title="Maahes">Maahes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafdet" title="Mafdet">Mafdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandulis" title="Mandulis">Mandulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed" title="Medjed">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehen" title="Mehen">Mehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehet-Weret" title="Mehet-Weret">Mehet-Weret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehit" title="Mehit">Mehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhit" title="Menhit">Menhit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meret" title="Meret">Meret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meretseger" title="Meretseger">Meretseger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhenet" title="Meskhenet">Meskhenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_(god)" title="Min (god)">Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnevis" title="Mnevis">Mnevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montu" title="Montu">Montu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut" title="Mut">Mut</a></li> <li><b>N</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebethetepet" title="Nebethetepet">Nebethetepet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebtuwi" title="Nebtuwi">Nebtuwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefertem" title="Nefertem">Nefertem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehebkau" title="Nehebkau">Nehebkau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehmetawy" title="Nehmetawy">Nehmetawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neith" title="Neith">Neith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekhbet" title="Nekhbet">Nekhbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemty" title="Nemty">Nemty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Neper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Nepit</a></li> <li><b>P</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakhet" title="Pakhet">Pakhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perit_(goddess)" title="Perit (goddess)">Perit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petbe" title="Petbe">Petbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah">Ptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep">Ptahhotep</a></li> <li><b>Q</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qebehsenuef" class="mw-redirect" title="Qebehsenuef">Qebehsenuef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qebui" title="Qebui">Qebui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qed-her" title="Qed-her">Qed-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qetesh" title="Qetesh">Qetesh</a></li> <li><b>R</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raet-Tawy" title="Raet-Tawy">Raet-Tawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekhyt#Deity" title="Rekhyt">Rekhyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rem_(mythology)" title="Rem (mythology)">Rem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renenutet" title="Renenutet">Renenutet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpet" title="Renpet">Renpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpetneferet" title="Renpetneferet">Renpetneferet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repyt" title="Repyt">Repyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resheph" title="Resheph">Resheph</a></li> <li><b>S</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sah_(god)" title="Sah (god)">Sah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satis_(goddess)" title="Satis (goddess)">Satis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebiumeker" title="Sebiumeker">Sebiumeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedjem" title="Sedjem">Sedjem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seker" title="Seker">Seker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Serapis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serket" title="Serket">Serket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshat" title="Seshat">Seshat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shai" title="Shai">Shai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_(deity)" title="Shed (deity)">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesmetet" title="Shesmetet">Shesmetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shezmu" title="Shezmu">Shezmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sia_(god)" title="Sia (god)">Sia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobek" title="Sobek">Sobek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdet" title="Sopdet">Sopdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdu" title="Sopdu">Sopdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen" title="Souls of Pe and Nekhen">Souls of Pe and Nekhen</a></li> <li><b>T</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta-Bitjet" title="Ta-Bitjet">Ta-Bitjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatenen" title="Tatenen">Tatenen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret">Taweret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayt" title="Tayt">Tayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teka-her" title="Teka-her">Teka-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoth" title="Thoth">Thoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjenenyet" title="Tjenenyet">Tjenenyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Tutu (Egyptian god)">Tutu</a></li> <li><b>U</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unut" title="Unut">Unut</a></li> <li><b>W</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadjet" title="Wadjet">Wadjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadj-wer" title="Wadj-wer">Wadj-wer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(Egyptian_deity)" title="Weneg (Egyptian deity)">Weneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepset" title="Wepset">Wepset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepwawet" title="Wepwawet">Wepwawet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werethekau" title="Werethekau">Werethekau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wosret" title="Wosret">Wosret</a></li> <li><b>Y</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yam_(god)" title="Yam (god)">Yam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Egyptian legendary creatures">Creatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhekh" title="Akhekh">Akhekh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Egypt">Criosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieracosphinx" title="Hieracosphinx">Hieracosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed_(fish)" title="Medjed (fish)">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpopard" title="Serpopard">Serpopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_animal" title="Set animal">Sha</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uraeus" title="Uraeus">Uraeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djedi" title="Djedi">Djedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djadjaemankh" title="Djadjaemankh">Djadjaemankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rededjet" title="Rededjet">Rededjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaoner" title="Ubaoner">Ubaoner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaru" title="Aaru">Aaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhet_(hieroglyph)" title="Akhet (hieroglyph)">Akhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benben" title="Benben">Benben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">Duat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Manu" title="Land of Manu">Land of Manu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Indestructibles" title="The Indestructibles">The Indestructibles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_symbols" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian symbols">Symbols<br />and objects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">Ankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anra_scarab" title="Anra scarab">Anra scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atef" title="Atef">Atef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartouche" title="Cartouche">Cartouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowroid" title="Cowroid">Cowroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_mummy" title="Corn mummy">Corn mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crook_and_flail" title="Crook and flail">Crook and flail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_justification" title="Crown of justification">Crown of justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret">Deshret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djed" title="Djed">Djed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_obelisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian obelisk">Egyptian obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pool" title="Egyptian pool">Egyptian pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Horus" title="Eye of Horus">Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Ra" title="Eye of Ra">Eye of Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">Hedjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemhem_crown" title="Hemhem crown">Hemhem crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennu" title="Hennu">Hennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus_on_the_Crocodiles" title="Horus on the Crocodiles">Horus on the Crocodiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocephalus" title="Hypocephalus">Hypocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiut_fetish" title="Imiut fetish">Imiut fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepresh" title="Khepresh">Khepresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menat" title="Menat">Menat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modius_(headdress)" title="Modius (headdress)">Modius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebu" title="Nebu">Nebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemes" title="Nemes">Nemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neshmet" title="Neshmet">Neshmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Pschent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(artifact)" title="Scarab (artifact)">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serekh" title="Serekh">Serekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_ring" title="Shen ring">Shen ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_barque" title="Solar barque">Solar barque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyet" title="Tyet">Tyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushabti" title="Ushabti">Ushabti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulture_crown" title="Vulture crown">Vulture crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was-sceptre" title="Was-sceptre">Was-sceptre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winged_sun#Ancient_Egypt" title="Winged sun">Winged sun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_texts" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian texts">Writings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amduat" title="Amduat">Amduat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Breathing" title="Books of Breathing">Books of Breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Caverns" title="Book of Caverns">Book of Caverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Earth" title="Book of the Earth">Book of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Gates" title="Book of Gates">Book of Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Heavenly_Cow" title="Book of the Heavenly Cow">Book of the Heavenly Cow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Traversing_Eternity" title="Book of Traversing Eternity">Book of Traversing Eternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffin_Texts" title="Coffin Texts">Coffin Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Contendings_of_Horus_and_Seth" title="The Contendings of Horus and Seth">The Contendings of Horus and Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enigmatic_Book_of_the_Netherworld" class="mw-redirect" 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data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>90 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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