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Electronic component - Wikipedia
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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Active_components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Active_components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Active 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diodes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Diodes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diodes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Integrated_circuits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Integrated_circuits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Integrated circuits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Integrated_circuits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programmable_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programmable_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Programmable devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programmable_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Optoelectronic_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Optoelectronic_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Optoelectronic devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Optoelectronic_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Display_technologies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Display_technologies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Display technologies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Display_technologies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vacuum_tubes_(valves)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vacuum_tubes_(valves)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Vacuum tubes (valves)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vacuum_tubes_(valves)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discharge_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discharge_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Discharge devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discharge_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Power_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Power_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Power sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Power_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Passive_components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Passive_components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Passive components</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Passive_components-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Passive components subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Passive_components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Resistors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resistors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Resistors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resistors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capacitors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capacitors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Capacitors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capacitors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Integrated_passive_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Integrated_passive_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Integrated passive devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Integrated_passive_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magnetic_(inductive)_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magnetic_(inductive)_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Magnetic (inductive) devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magnetic_(inductive)_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memristor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memristor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Memristor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memristor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Networks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Networks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Networks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Networks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transducers,_sensors,_detectors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transducers,_sensors,_detectors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Transducers, sensors, detectors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transducers,_sensors,_detectors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antennas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antennas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Antennas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antennas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assemblies,_modules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assemblies,_modules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Assemblies, modules</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assemblies,_modules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prototyping_aids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prototyping_aids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Prototyping aids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prototyping_aids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electromechanical_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electromechanical_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Electromechanical devices</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electromechanical_devices-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Electromechanical devices subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Electromechanical_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Piezoelectric_devices,_crystals,_resonators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piezoelectric_devices,_crystals,_resonators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Piezoelectric devices, crystals, resonators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piezoelectric_devices,_crystals,_resonators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microelectromechanical_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microelectromechanical_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Microelectromechanical systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microelectromechanical_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminals_and_connectors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminals_and_connectors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Terminals and connectors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminals_and_connectors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cable_assemblies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cable_assemblies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Cable assemblies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cable_assemblies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Switches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protection_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protection_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Protection devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protection_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanical_accessories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanical_accessories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Mechanical accessories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanical_accessories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obsolete" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obsolete"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Obsolete</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obsolete-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standard_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Standard symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Electronic component</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektroniese_komponent" title="Elektroniese komponent – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elektroniese komponent" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A" title="مكون إلكتروني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مكون إلكتروني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Componente_electr%C3%B3nicu" title="Componente electrónicu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Componente electrónicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B9%D9%87" title="الکترونیکی قطعه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الکترونیکی قطعه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ইলেকট্রনীয় যন্ত্রের উপাদান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইলেকট্রনীয় যন্ত্রের উপাদান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-ch%C3%BA_go%C3%A2n-ki%C4%81%E2%81%BF" title="Tiān-chú goân-kiāⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-chú goân-kiāⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Електронен компонент – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Електронен компонент" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronska_komponenta" title="Elektronska komponenta – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Elektronska komponenta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_electr%C3%B2nic" title="Component electrònic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Component electrònic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronick%C3%A1_sou%C4%8D%C3%A1stka" title="Elektronická součástka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektronická součástka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronisk_komponent" title="Elektronisk komponent – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elektronisk komponent" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektroonikakomponentide_loend" title="Elektroonikakomponentide loend – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elektroonikakomponentide loend" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Componente_electr%C3%B3nico" title="Componente electrónico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Componente electrónico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronika_komponanto" title="Elektronika komponanto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektronika komponanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osagai_elektroniko" title="Osagai elektroniko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Osagai elektroniko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="قطعه الکترونیکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قطعه الکترونیکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composant_%C3%A9lectronique" title="Composant électronique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Composant électronique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B6%80%ED%92%88" title="전자 부품 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전자 부품" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5" title="इलेक्ट्रॉनिक अवयव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इलेक्ट्रॉनिक अवयव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektroni%C4%8Dka_komponenta" title="Elektronička komponenta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Elektronička komponenta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komponen_elektronik" title="Komponen elektronik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Komponen elektronik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isigcoyi_samazuba" title="Isigcoyi samazuba – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isigcoyi samazuba" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafeinda%C3%ADhlutur" title="Rafeindaíhlutur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rafeindaíhlutur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Componente_elettronico" title="Componente elettronico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Componente elettronico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="רכיב אלקטרוני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רכיב אלקטרוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AD%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81" title="ສ່ວນປະກອບເອເລັກໂຕຣນິກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສ່ວນປະກອບເອເລັກໂຕຣນິກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementum_electronicum" title="Elementum electronicum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Elementum electronicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektroniskais_komponents" title="Elektroniskais komponents – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elektroniskais komponents" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Електронски компоненти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Електронски компоненти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%85%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Электрон бүрэлдэхүүн хэсэг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Электрон бүрэлдэхүүн хэсэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronische_component" title="Elektronische component – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elektronische component" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%83%A8%E5%93%81" title="電子部品 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電子部品" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronisk_komponent" title="Elektronisk komponent – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elektronisk komponent" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron_komponentlar" title="Elektron komponentlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elektron komponentlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BF%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85" title="គ្រឿងអេឡិចត្រូនិច – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="គ្រឿងអេឡិចត្រូនិច" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronisch_Boelement" title="Elektronisch Boelement – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Elektronisch Boelement" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element_elektroniczny" title="Element elektroniczny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Element elektroniczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Componente_eletr%C3%B4nico" title="Componente eletrônico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Componente eletrônico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component%C4%83_electronic%C4%83" title="Componentă electronică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Componentă electronică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Электронные компоненты – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электронные компоненты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_component" title="Electronic component – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Electronic component" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronick%C3%A1_s%C3%BA%C4%8Diastka" title="Elektronická súčiastka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elektronická súčiastka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronski_element" title="Elektronski element – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Elektronski element" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Електронске компоненте – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Електронске компоненте" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronska_komponenta" title="Elektronska komponenta – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elektronska komponenta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronisk_komponent" title="Elektronisk komponent – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elektronisk komponent" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="மின்கூறு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மின்கூறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ชิ้นส่วนอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชิ้นส่วนอิเล็กทรอนิกส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronik_devre_elemanlar%C4%B1" title="Elektronik devre elemanları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elektronik devre elemanları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Електронні компоненти – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електронні компоненти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="برقی جزیات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برقی جزیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linh_ki%E1%BB%87n_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Linh kiện điện tử – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Linh kiện điện tử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%85%83%E4%BB%B6" title="电子元件 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电子元件" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%85%83%E4%BB%B6" title="電子元件 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電子元件" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%85%83%E4%BB%B6" title="電子元件 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="電子元件" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11653#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Electronic_component" title="Special:EditPage/Electronic component">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Electronic+component%22">"Electronic component"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Electronic+component%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Electronic+component%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Electronic+component%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Electronic+component%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Electronic+component%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Componentes.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Componentes.JPG/400px-Componentes.JPG" decoding="async" width="400" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Componentes.JPG/600px-Componentes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Componentes.JPG/800px-Componentes.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4314" data-file-height="2967" /></a><figcaption>Various electronic components, with a 15 cm ruler to scale.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>electronic component</b> is any basic discrete <a href="/wiki/Electronic_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic device">electronic device</a> or physical entity part of an <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronic system</a> used to affect <a href="/wiki/Electrons" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrons">electrons</a> or their associated <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_field" title="Electromagnetic field">fields</a>. Electronic components are mostly <a href="/wiki/Industrial_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial product">industrial products</a>, available in a singular form and are not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Electrical_element" title="Electrical element">electrical elements</a>, which are conceptual abstractions representing idealized electronic components and elements. A datasheet for an electronic component is a technical document that provides detailed information about the component's specifications, characteristics, and performance. Discrete circuits are made of individual electronic components that only perform one function each as packaged, which are known as discrete components, although strictly the term discrete component refers to such a component with <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> material such as individual <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Electronic components have a number of <a href="/wiki/Terminal_(electronics)" title="Terminal (electronics)">electrical terminals</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lead_(electronics)" title="Lead (electronics)">leads</a>. These leads connect to other electrical components, often over wire, to create an <a href="/wiki/Electrical_network" title="Electrical network">electronic circuit</a> with a particular function (for example an <a href="/wiki/Amplifier" title="Amplifier">amplifier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Receiver_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Receiver (radio)">radio receiver</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Electronic_oscillator" title="Electronic oscillator">oscillator</a>). Basic electronic components may be packaged discretely, as arrays or networks of like components, or integrated inside of packages such as <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_integrated_circuit" title="Hybrid integrated circuit">hybrid integrated circuits</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Thick_film_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Thick film technology">thick film</a> devices. The following list of electronic components focuses on the discrete version of these components, treating such packages as components in their own right. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Components can be classified as <a href="/wiki/Passivity_(engineering)" title="Passivity (engineering)">passive, active</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Electromechanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Electromechanic">electromechanic</a>. The strict physics definition treats passive components as ones that cannot supply energy themselves, whereas a <a href="/wiki/Battery_(electricity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery (electricity)">battery</a> would be seen as an active component since it truly acts as a source of energy. </p><p>However, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic engineer">electronic engineers</a> who perform <a href="/wiki/Circuit_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Circuit analysis">circuit analysis</a> use a more restrictive definition of <a href="/wiki/Passivity_(engineering)#Incremental_passivity" title="Passivity (engineering)">passivity</a>. When only concerned with the energy of <a href="/wiki/Signal_(electronics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal (electronics)">signals</a>, it is convenient to ignore the so-called <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">DC</a> circuit and pretend that the power supplying components such as <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistors</a> or <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuits</a> is absent (as if each such component had its own battery built in), though it may in reality be supplied by the DC circuit. Then, the analysis only concerns the AC circuit, an abstraction that ignores DC voltages and currents (and the power associated with them) present in the real-life circuit. This fiction, for instance, lets us view an oscillator as "producing energy" even though in reality the oscillator consumes even more energy from a DC power supply, which we have chosen to ignore. Under that restriction, we define the terms as used in <a href="/wiki/Circuit_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Circuit analysis">circuit analysis</a> as: </p> <ul><li><b>Active components</b> rely on a source of energy (usually from the DC circuit, which we have chosen to ignore) and usually can inject power into a circuit, though this is not part of the definition.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Active components include amplifying components such as <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistors</a>, triode <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">vacuum tubes</a> (valves), and <a href="/wiki/Tunnel_diode" title="Tunnel diode">tunnel diodes</a>.</li> <li><b>Passive components</b> cannot introduce net energy into the circuit. They also cannot rely on a source of power, except for what is available from the (AC) circuit they are connected to. As a consequence, they cannot amplify (increase the power of a signal), although they may increase a voltage or current (such as is done by a transformer or resonant circuit). Passive components include two-terminal components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Electromechanics" title="Electromechanics">Electromechanical components</a></b> can carry out electrical operations by using moving parts or by using electrical connections.</li></ul> <p>Most passive components with more than two terminals can be described in terms of <a href="/wiki/Two-port_parameters" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-port parameters">two-port parameters</a> that satisfy the principle of <a href="/wiki/Reciprocity_(electrical_networks)" title="Reciprocity (electrical networks)">reciprocity</a>—though there are rare exceptions.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, active components (with more than two terminals) generally lack that property. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Active_components">Active components</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Active components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Semiconductors">Semiconductors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Semiconductors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transistors">Transistors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Transistors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">Transistors</a> were considered the invention of the twentieth century that changed electronic circuits forever. A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field-effect_transistor" title="Field-effect transistor">Field-effect transistors</a> (FET) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a> (metal–oxide–semiconductor FET) – by far the most widely manufactured electronic component (also known as MOS transistor)<sup id="cite_ref-computerhistory2018_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerhistory2018-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baker_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PMOS_logic" title="PMOS logic">PMOS</a> (<a href="/wiki/P-type_semiconductor" class="mw-redirect" title="P-type semiconductor">p-type</a> MOS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NMOS_logic" title="NMOS logic">NMOS</a> (<a href="/wiki/N-type_semiconductor" class="mw-redirect" title="N-type semiconductor">n-type</a> MOS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMOS" title="CMOS">CMOS</a> (complementary MOS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_MOSFET" title="Power MOSFET">Power MOSFET</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LDMOS" title="LDMOS">LDMOS</a> (lateral diffused MOSFET)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multigate_device" title="Multigate device">MuGFET</a> (multi-gate field-effect transistor) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FinFET" class="mw-redirect" title="FinFET">FinFET</a> (fin field-effect transistor)</li></ul></li> <li>TFT (<a href="/wiki/Thin-film_transistor" title="Thin-film transistor">thin-film transistor</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe_FET" title="Fe FET">FeFET</a> (ferroelectric field-effect transistor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_nanotube_field-effect_transistor" title="Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor">CNTFET</a> (carbon nanotube field-effect transistor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JFET" title="JFET">JFET</a> (junction field-effect transistor) – N-channel or P-channel <ul><li>SIT (<a href="/wiki/Static_induction_transistor" title="Static induction transistor">static induction transistor</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESFET" title="MESFET">MESFET</a> (metal semiconductor FET)</li> <li>HEMT (<a href="/wiki/High-electron-mobility_transistor" title="High-electron-mobility transistor">high-electron-mobility transistor</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Composite transistors <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BiCMOS" title="BiCMOS">BiCMOS</a> (bipolar CMOS)</li> <li>IGBT (<a href="/wiki/Insulated-gate_bipolar_transistor" title="Insulated-gate bipolar transistor">Insulated-gate bipolar transistor</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Transistors" class="mw-redirect" title="Transistors">transistors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bipolar_junction_transistor" title="Bipolar junction transistor">Bipolar junction transistor</a> (BJT, or simply "transistor") – NPN or PNP <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photo_transistor" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo transistor">Photo transistor</a> – amplified photodetector</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlington_transistor" title="Darlington transistor">Darlington transistor</a> – NPN or PNP <ul><li>Photo Darlington – amplified photodetector</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sziklai_pair" title="Sziklai pair">Sziklai pair</a> (compound transistor, complementary Darlington)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrode_transistor" title="Tetrode transistor">Tetrode transistor</a> – is any <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistor</a> having four active terminals.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyristor" title="Thyristor">Thyristors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silicon-controlled_rectifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon-controlled rectifier">Silicon-controlled rectifier</a> (SCR) – passes current only after triggered by a sufficient control voltage on its gate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRIAC" title="TRIAC">TRIAC</a> (TRIode for Alternating Current) – bidirectional SCR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unijunction_transistor" title="Unijunction transistor">Unijunction transistor</a> (UJT)</li> <li>Programmable <a href="/wiki/Unijunction_transistor" title="Unijunction transistor">Unijunction transistor</a> (PUT)</li> <li>SITh (<a href="/wiki/Static_induction_thyristor" title="Static induction thyristor">static induction thyristor</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Diodes">Diodes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Diodes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conduct electricity easily in one direction, among more specific behaviors. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diode" title="Diode">Diode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rectifier" title="Rectifier">rectifier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diode_bridge" title="Diode bridge">diode bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schottky_diode" title="Schottky diode">Schottky diode (hot carrier diode)</a> – super fast diode with lower forward voltage drop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zener_diode" title="Zener diode">Zener diode</a> – allows current to flow "backwards" when a specific set voltage is reached.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transient_voltage_suppression_diode" class="mw-redirect" title="Transient voltage suppression diode">Transient voltage suppression diode</a> (TVS), unipolar or bipolar – used to absorb high-voltage spikes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varicap" title="Varicap">Varicap, tuning diode, varactor, variable capacitance diode</a> – a diode whose AC capacitance varies according to the DC voltage applied.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Verschiedene_LEDs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Verschiedene_LEDs.jpg/250px-Verschiedene_LEDs.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Verschiedene_LEDs.jpg/375px-Verschiedene_LEDs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Verschiedene_LEDs.jpg/500px-Verschiedene_LEDs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3392" data-file-height="1193" /></a><figcaption>Various examples of Light-emitting diodes</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laser_diode" title="Laser diode">Laser diode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light-emitting_diode" title="Light-emitting diode">Light-emitting diode</a> (LED) – a diode that emits light</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photodiode" title="Photodiode">Photodiode</a> – passes current in proportion to incident light <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_photodiode" title="Avalanche photodiode">Avalanche photodiode</a> – photodiode with internal gain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_cell" title="Solar cell">Solar Cell, photovoltaic cell, PV array</a> or panel – produces power from light</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIAC" title="DIAC">DIAC</a> (diode for alternating current), Trigger Diode, SIDAC) – often used to trigger an SCR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant-current_diode" title="Constant-current diode">Constant-current diode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Step_recovery_diode" title="Step recovery diode">Step recovery diode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_diode" title="Tunnel diode">Tunnel diode</a> - very fast diode based on quantum mechanical tunneling</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Integrated_circuits">Integrated circuits</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Integrated circuits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Integrated Circuits can serve a variety of purposes, including acting as a timer, performing digital to analog conversion, performing amplification, or being used for logical operations. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">Integrated circuit</a> (IC) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MOS_integrated_circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS integrated circuit">MOS integrated circuit</a> (MOS IC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_integrated_circuit" title="Hybrid integrated circuit">Hybrid integrated circuit</a> (hybrid IC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-signal_integrated_circuit" title="Mixed-signal integrated circuit">Mixed-signal integrated circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional_integrated_circuit" title="Three-dimensional integrated circuit">Three-dimensional integrated circuit</a> (3D IC)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_electronics" title="Digital electronics">Digital electronics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logic_gate" title="Logic gate">Logic gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microcontroller" title="Microcontroller">Microcontroller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog circuit">Analog circuit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hall-effect_sensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hall-effect sensor">Hall-effect sensor</a> – senses a magnetic field</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Current_sensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Current sensor">Current sensor</a> – senses a current through it</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Programmable_devices">Programmable devices</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Programmable devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_logic_device" title="Programmable logic device">Programmable logic device</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field-programmable_gate_array" title="Field-programmable gate array">Field-programmable gate array</a> (FPGA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_programmable_logic_device" title="Complex programmable logic device">Complex programmable logic device</a> (CPLD)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field-programmable_analog_array" title="Field-programmable analog array">Field-programmable analog array</a> (FPAA)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Optoelectronic_devices">Optoelectronic devices</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Optoelectronic devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opto-electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Opto-electronics">Opto-electronics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opto-isolator" title="Opto-isolator">Opto-isolator, opto-coupler, photo-coupler</a> – photodiode, BJT, JFET, SCR, TRIAC, zero-crossing TRIAC, open collector IC, CMOS IC, <a href="/wiki/Solid_state_relay" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid state relay">solid state relay</a> (SSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slotted_optical_switch" title="Slotted optical switch">Slotted optical switch, opto switch, optical switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LED_display" title="LED display">LED display</a> – <a href="/wiki/Seven-segment_display" title="Seven-segment display">seven-segment display</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sixteen-segment_display" title="Sixteen-segment display">sixteen-segment display</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dot-matrix_display" title="Dot-matrix display">dot-matrix display</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Display_technologies">Display technologies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Display technologies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Current: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filament_lamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Filament lamp">Filament lamp</a> (indicator lamp)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_fluorescent_display" title="Vacuum fluorescent display">Vacuum fluorescent display</a> (VFD) (preformed characters, <a href="/wiki/7_segment" class="mw-redirect" title="7 segment">7 segment</a>, starburst)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">Cathode-ray tube</a> (CRT) (<a href="/wiki/Dot_matrix" title="Dot matrix">dot matrix</a> scan, radial scan (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>), arbitrary scan (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Oscilloscope" title="Oscilloscope">oscilloscope</a>)) (<a href="/wiki/Monochrome" title="Monochrome">monochrome</a> & <a href="/wiki/Colour" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour">colour</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCD" class="mw-redirect" title="LCD">LCD</a> (preformed characters, dot matrix) (passive, <a href="/wiki/TFT_LCD" title="TFT LCD">TFT</a>) (monochrome, colour)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a> (individual, 7 segment display)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LED" class="mw-redirect" title="LED">LED</a> (individual, 7 segment display, <a href="/wiki/Starburst_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Starburst display">starburst display</a>, dot matrix)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split-flap_display" title="Split-flap display">Split-flap display</a> (numeric, preprinted messages)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_display" title="Plasma display">Plasma display</a> (dot matrix)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLED" title="OLED">OLED</a> (similar to an LCD, but each pixel generates its own light, can be made flexible or transparent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro-LED" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro-LED">Micro-LED</a> (similar to OLED, but uses inorganic <a href="/wiki/LED" class="mw-redirect" title="LED">LEDs</a> instead of organic ones, does not suffer from <a href="/wiki/Screen_burn-in" title="Screen burn-in">screen burn-in</a>, however it cannot be made flexible or transparent)</li></ul> <p>Obsolete: </p> <ul><li>Incandescent filament 7 segment display (aka '<a href="/wiki/Seven-segment_display#Implementations" title="Seven-segment display">Numitron</a>')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixie_tube" title="Nixie tube">Nixie tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekatron" title="Dekatron">Dekatron</a> (aka glow transfer tube)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_eye_tube" title="Magic eye tube">Magic eye tube</a> indicator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penetron" title="Penetron">Penetron</a> (a 2 colour see-through CRT)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vacuum_tubes_(valves)"><span id="Vacuum_tubes_.28valves.29"></span>Vacuum tubes (valves)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Vacuum tubes (valves)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A vacuum tube is based on current conduction through a vacuum (see <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">Vacuum tube</a>). </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diode" title="Diode">Diode</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rectifier#Vacuum_tube_(valve)" title="Rectifier">rectifier</a> tube</li> <li>Amplification <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triode" title="Triode">Triode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrode" title="Tetrode">Tetrode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentode" title="Pentode">Pentode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexode" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexode">Hexode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagrid_Converter" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentagrid Converter">Pentagrid (Heptode)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octode" class="mw-redirect" title="Octode">Octode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traveling-wave_tube" title="Traveling-wave tube">Traveling-wave tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klystron" title="Klystron">Klystron</a></li></ul></li> <li>Oscillation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnetron" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetron">Magnetron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflex_klystron" class="mw-redirect" title="Reflex klystron">Reflex klystron</a> (obsolete)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcinotron" class="mw-redirect" title="Carcinotron">Carcinotron</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Photodetector" title="Photodetector">Optical detectors</a> or emitters </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phototube" title="Phototube">Phototube</a> or photodiode – tube equivalent of semiconductor <a href="/wiki/Photodiode" title="Photodiode">photodiode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photomultiplier" title="Photomultiplier">Photomultiplier</a> tube – phototube with internal gain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">Cathode-ray tube</a> (CRT) or <a href="/wiki/Television_picture_tubes" class="mw-redirect" title="Television picture tubes">television picture tube</a> (obsolete)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_fluorescent_display" title="Vacuum fluorescent display">Vacuum fluorescent display</a> (VFD) – modern non-raster sort of small CRT display</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_eye_tube" title="Magic eye tube">Magic eye tube</a> – small CRT display used as a tuning meter (obsolete)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_tube" title="X-ray tube">X-ray tube</a> – generates x-rays</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discharge_devices">Discharge devices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Discharge devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_discharge_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas discharge tube">Gas discharge tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignitron" title="Ignitron">Ignitron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyratron" title="Thyratron">Thyratron</a></li></ul> <p>Obsolete: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_arc_rectifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury arc rectifier">Mercury arc rectifier</a></li> <li>Voltage regulator tube</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixie_tube" title="Nixie tube">Nixie tube</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Power_sources">Power sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Power sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sources of electrical power: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battery_(electricity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery (electricity)">Battery</a> – acid- or alkali-based power supply.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell" title="Fuel cell">Fuel cell</a> – an electrochemical generator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_supply" title="Power supply">Power supply</a> – usually a main hook-up</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Photovoltaic">Photovoltaic</a> device – generates electricity from light</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermogenerator" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermogenerator">Thermoelectric generator</a> – generates electricity from temperature gradients</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_generator" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical generator">Electrical generator</a> – an electromechanical power source</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piezoelectricity#High_voltage_and_power_sources" title="Piezoelectricity">Piezoelectric generator</a> - generates electricity from mechanical strain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_de_Graaff_generator" title="Van de Graaff generator">Van de Graaff generator</a> - generates electricity from friction</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Passive_components"><span class="anchor" id="passive_component_anchor"></span>Passive components</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Passive components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Components incapable of controlling current by means of another electrical signal are called <i>passive</i> devices. Resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers are all considered passive devices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resistors">Resistors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Resistors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Surface_Mounted_Device,_soldered.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Surface_Mounted_Device%2C_soldered.jpg/220px-Surface_Mounted_Device%2C_soldered.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Surface_Mounted_Device%2C_soldered.jpg/330px-Surface_Mounted_Device%2C_soldered.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Surface_Mounted_Device%2C_soldered.jpg/440px-Surface_Mounted_Device%2C_soldered.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption>SMD resistors on the backside of a PCB</figcaption></figure> <p>Pass current in proportion to voltage (<a href="/wiki/Ohm%27s_law" title="Ohm's law">Ohm's law</a>) and oppose current. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resistor" title="Resistor">Resistor</a> – fixed value <ul><li>Power <a href="/wiki/Resistor" title="Resistor">resistor</a> – larger to safely dissipate heat generated</li> <li>SIP or <a href="/wiki/Dual_in-line_package" title="Dual in-line package">DIP</a> resistor network – array of resistors in one package</li></ul></li> <li>Variable resistor <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rheostat" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheostat">Rheostat</a> – two-terminal variable resistor (often for high power)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potentiometer" title="Potentiometer">Potentiometer</a> – three-terminal variable resistor (variable voltage divider)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimmer_(electronics)" title="Trimmer (electronics)">Trim pot</a> – small potentiometer, usually for internal adjustments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermistor" title="Thermistor">Thermistor</a> – thermally sensitive resistor whose prime function is to exhibit a large, predictable and precise change in electrical resistance when subjected to a corresponding change in body temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humistor" title="Humistor">Humistor</a> – humidity-varied resistor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photoresistor" title="Photoresistor">Photoresistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memristor" title="Memristor">Memristor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varistor" title="Varistor">Varistor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voltage-dependent_resistor" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltage-dependent resistor">Voltage-dependent resistor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metal-oxide_varistor" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal-oxide varistor">MOV</a> – Passes current when excessive voltage is present</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_wire" title="Resistance wire">Resistance wire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nichrome" title="Nichrome">Nichrome</a> wire – wire of high-resistance material, often used as a heating element</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heater" class="mw-redirect" title="Heater">Heater</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heating_element" title="Heating element">heating element</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capacitors">Capacitors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Capacitors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Verschiedene_Kondensatoren_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Verschiedene_Kondensatoren_2.JPG/220px-Verschiedene_Kondensatoren_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Verschiedene_Kondensatoren_2.JPG/330px-Verschiedene_Kondensatoren_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Verschiedene_Kondensatoren_2.JPG/440px-Verschiedene_Kondensatoren_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="2711" /></a><figcaption>Some different capacitors for electronic equipment</figcaption></figure> <p>Capacitors store and release electrical charge. They are used for filtering power supply lines, tuning resonant circuits, and for blocking DC voltages while passing AC signals, among numerous other uses. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capacitor" title="Capacitor">Capacitor</a> <ul><li>Integrated capacitors <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MIS_capacitor" title="MIS capacitor">MIS capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trench_capacitor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trench capacitor (page does not exist)">Trench capacitor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fixed capacitors <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_capacitor" title="Ceramic capacitor">Ceramic capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_capacitor" title="Film capacitor">Film capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrolytic_capacitor" title="Electrolytic capacitor">Electrolytic capacitor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminum_electrolytic_capacitor" title="Aluminum electrolytic capacitor">Aluminum electrolytic capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantalum_electrolytic_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantalum electrolytic capacitor">Tantalum electrolytic capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobium_electrolytic_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Niobium electrolytic capacitor">Niobium electrolytic capacitor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Columbium_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbium capacitor">Columbium capacitor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymer_capacitor" title="Polymer capacitor">Polymer capacitor</a>, <a href="/wiki/OS-CON" class="mw-redirect" title="OS-CON">OS-CON</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercapacitor" title="Supercapacitor">Supercapacitor</a> (Electric double-layer capacitor) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanoionic_supercapacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanoionic supercapacitor">Nanoionic supercapacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_capacitor" title="Lithium-ion capacitor">Lithium-ion capacitor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mica_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mica capacitor">Mica capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vacuum capacitor">Vacuum capacitor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_capacitor" title="Variable capacitor">Variable capacitor</a> – adjustable capacitance <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuning_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuning capacitor">Tuning capacitor</a> – variable capacitor for tuning a radio, oscillator, or tuned circuit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimmer_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Trimmer capacitor">Trimmer capacitor</a> – small variable capacitor for seldom or rare adjustments of LC-circuits</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_variable_capacitor" title="Vacuum variable capacitor">Vacuum variable capacitor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Capacitors for special applications <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Power capacitor">Power capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Safety capacitor">Safety capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filter_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Filter capacitor">Filter capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light-emitting_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Light-emitting capacitor">Light-emitting capacitor</a> (LEC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_capacitor" title="Motor capacitor">Motor capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photoflash_capacitor" title="Photoflash capacitor">Photoflash capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Reservoir capacitor">Reservoir capacitor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bulk_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulk capacitor">Bulk capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupling_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupling capacitor">Coupling capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decoupling_capacitor" title="Decoupling capacitor">Decoupling capacitor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Buffer_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffer capacitor">Buffer capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bypass_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Bypass capacitor">Bypass capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pull_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pull capacitor">Pull capacitor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Padding_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Padding capacitor">Padding capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backup_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Backup capacitor">Backup capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switched_capacitor" title="Switched capacitor">Switched capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedthrough_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Feedthrough capacitor">Feedthrough capacitor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Capacitor network (array)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varicap" title="Varicap">Varicap</a> diode – AC capacitance varies according to the DC voltage applied</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Integrated_passive_devices">Integrated passive devices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Integrated passive devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Integrated_passive_devices" title="Integrated passive devices">Integrated passive devices</a> are passive devices integrated within one distinct package. They take up less space than equivalent combinations of discrete components. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magnetic_(inductive)_devices"><span id="Magnetic_.28inductive.29_devices"></span>Magnetic (inductive) devices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Magnetic (inductive) devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Electrical components that use magnetism in the storage and release of electrical charge through current: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inductor" title="Inductor">Inductor</a>, coil, choke</li> <li>Variable inductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturable_reactor" title="Saturable reactor">Saturable inductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformer" title="Transformer">Transformer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_amplifier" title="Magnetic amplifier">Magnetic amplifier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Toroid" title="Toroid">toroid</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrite_bead" title="Ferrite bead">ferrite impedances, beads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">Motor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Electrical_generator" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical generator">Generator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solenoid" title="Solenoid">Solenoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker" title="Loudspeaker">Loudspeaker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">microphone</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memristor">Memristor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Memristor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Electrical components that pass charge in proportion to magnetism or magnetic flux, and have the ability to retain a previous resistive state, hence the name of Memory plus Resistor. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memristor" title="Memristor">Memristor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Networks">Networks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Networks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Components that use more than one type of passive component: </p> <ul><li>RC network – forms an <a href="/wiki/RC_circuit" title="RC circuit">RC circuit</a>, used in <a href="/wiki/Snubber" title="Snubber">snubbers</a></li> <li>LC Network – forms an <a href="/wiki/LC_circuit" title="LC circuit">LC circuit</a>, used in tunable transformers and RFI filters.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transducers,_sensors,_detectors"><span id="Transducers.2C_sensors.2C_detectors"></span>Transducers, sensors, detectors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Transducers, sensors, detectors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Transducer" title="Transducer">Transducers</a> generate physical effects when driven by an electrical signal, or vice versa.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensor" title="Sensor">Sensors</a> (detectors) are transducers that react to environmental conditions by changing their electrical properties or generating an electrical signal.</li> <li>The transducers listed here are single electronic components (as opposed to complete assemblies), and are <a href="/wiki/Passivity_(engineering)" title="Passivity (engineering)">passive</a> (see Semiconductors and Tubes for <a href="/wiki/Passivity_(engineering)" title="Passivity (engineering)">active</a> ones). Only the most common ones are listed here.</li></ol> <ul><li>Audio <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker" title="Loudspeaker">Loudspeaker</a> – Electromagnetic or <a href="/wiki/Piezoelectricity" title="Piezoelectricity">piezoelectric</a> device to generate full audio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzzer" title="Buzzer">Buzzer</a> – Electromagnetic or piezoelectric sounder to generate tones</li></ul></li> <li>Position, motion <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_variable_differential_transformer" title="Linear variable differential transformer">Linear variable differential transformer</a> (LVDT) – Magnetic – detects linear position</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_encoder" title="Rotary encoder">Rotary encoder</a>, Shaft Encoder – Optical, magnetic, resistive or switches – detects absolute or relative angle or rotational speed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclinometer" title="Inclinometer">Inclinometer</a> – Capacitive – detects angle with respect to gravity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_sensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion sensor">Motion sensor</a>, Vibration sensor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Flow meter">Flow meter</a> – detects flow in liquid or gas</li></ul></li> <li>Force, torque <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strain_gauge" title="Strain gauge">Strain gauge</a> – Piezoelectric or resistive – detects squeezing, stretching, twisting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accelerometer" title="Accelerometer">Accelerometer</a> – Piezoelectric – detects acceleration, gravity</li></ul></li> <li>Thermal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thermocouple" title="Thermocouple">Thermocouple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thermopile" title="Thermopile">thermopile</a> – Wires that generate a voltage proportional to delta temperature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermistor" title="Thermistor">Thermistor</a> – Resistor whose resistance changes with temperature, up <a href="/wiki/Positive_temperature_coefficient" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive temperature coefficient">PTC</a> or down <a href="/wiki/Negative_temperature_coefficient" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative temperature coefficient">NTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_thermometer" title="Resistance thermometer">Resistance Temperature Detector</a> (RTD) – Wire whose resistance changes with temperature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolometer" title="Bolometer">Bolometer</a> – Device for measuring the power of incident <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation" title="Electromagnetic radiation">electromagnetic radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_cutoff" title="Thermal cutoff">Thermal cutoff</a> – Switch that is opened or closed when a set temperature is exceeded</li></ul></li> <li>Magnetic field (see also Hall Effect in semiconductors) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnetometer" title="Magnetometer">Magnetometer</a>, Gauss meter</li></ul></li> <li>Humidity <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hygrometer" title="Hygrometer">Hygrometer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Electromagnetic, light <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photo_resistor" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo resistor">Photo resistor</a> – Light dependent resistor (LDR)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antennas">Antennas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Antennas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Radio_antenna" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio antenna">Antennas</a> transmit or receive radio waves </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dipole_antenna" title="Dipole antenna">Elemental dipole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagi_antenna" class="mw-redirect" title="Yagi antenna">Yagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phased_array" title="Phased array">Phased array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loop_antenna" title="Loop antenna">Loop antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parabolic_dish" class="mw-redirect" title="Parabolic dish">Parabolic dish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log-periodic_dipole_array" class="mw-redirect" title="Log-periodic dipole array">Log-periodic dipole array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biconical_antenna" title="Biconical antenna">Biconical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedhorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Feedhorn">Feedhorn</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assemblies,_modules"><span id="Assemblies.2C_modules"></span>Assemblies, modules</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Assemblies, modules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Multiple electronic components assembled in a device that is in itself used as a component </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oscillator" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscillator">Oscillator</a></li> <li>Display devices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_crystal_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid crystal display">Liquid crystal display</a> (LCD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltmeter#Digital_voltmeter" title="Voltmeter">Digital voltmeters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_filter" title="Electronic filter">Filter</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prototyping_aids">Prototyping aids</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Prototyping aids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electronics_prototyping" title="Electronics prototyping">Electronics prototyping</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wire-wrap" class="mw-redirect" title="Wire-wrap">Wire-wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breadboard" title="Breadboard">Breadboard</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electromechanical_devices">Electromechanical devices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Electromechanical devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:18MHZ_12MHZ_Crystal_110.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/18MHZ_12MHZ_Crystal_110.jpg/220px-18MHZ_12MHZ_Crystal_110.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/18MHZ_12MHZ_Crystal_110.jpg/330px-18MHZ_12MHZ_Crystal_110.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/18MHZ_12MHZ_Crystal_110.jpg/440px-18MHZ_12MHZ_Crystal_110.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption>A quartz crystal (left) and a crystal oscillator</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Piezoelectric_devices,_crystals,_resonators"><span id="Piezoelectric_devices.2C_crystals.2C_resonators"></span>Piezoelectric devices, crystals, resonators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Piezoelectric devices, crystals, resonators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Passivity_(engineering)" title="Passivity (engineering)">Passive components</a> that use <a href="/wiki/Piezoelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Piezoelectric">piezoelectric</a> effect: </p> <ul><li>Components that use the effect to generate or filter high frequencies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_oscillator" title="Crystal oscillator">Crystal</a> – a ceramic crystal used to generate precise frequencies (See the Modules class below for complete oscillators)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_resonator" title="Ceramic resonator">Ceramic resonator</a> – Is a ceramic crystal used to generate semi-precise frequencies</li> <li>Ceramic filter – Is a ceramic crystal used to filter a band of frequencies such as in <a href="/wiki/Radio_receiver" title="Radio receiver">radio receivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_filter#SAW_filters" title="Electronic filter">surface acoustic wave</a> (SAW) filters</li></ul></li> <li>Components that use the effect as mechanical <a href="/wiki/Transducer" title="Transducer">transducers</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultrasonic_motor" title="Ultrasonic motor">Ultrasonic motor</a> – Electric motor that uses the <a href="/wiki/Piezoelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Piezoelectric">piezoelectric</a> effects</li> <li>For piezo buzzers and microphones, see the Transducer class below</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microelectromechanical_systems">Microelectromechanical systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Microelectromechanical systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microelectromechanical_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Microelectromechanical systems">Microelectromechanical systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerometer" title="Accelerometer">Accelerometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_micromirror_device" title="Digital micromirror device">Digital micromirror device</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terminals_and_connectors">Terminals and connectors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Terminals and connectors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Devices to make electrical connection </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_(electronics)" title="Terminal (electronics)">Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_connector" title="Electrical connector">Connector</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_(connector)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack (connector)">Socket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_terminal" title="Screw terminal">Screw terminal, Terminal Blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin_header" title="Pin header">Pin header</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cable_assemblies">Cable assemblies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Cable assemblies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Electrical_cables" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical cables">Electrical cables</a> with connectors or terminals at their ends </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_cord" title="Power cord">Power cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patch_cord" class="mw-redirect" title="Patch cord">Patch cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Test lead">Test lead</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Micro_switch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Micro_switch.jpg/220px-Micro_switch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Micro_switch.jpg/330px-Micro_switch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Micro_switch.jpg/440px-Micro_switch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2289" data-file-height="1681" /></a><figcaption>2 different miniature pushbutton switches</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switches">Switches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Switches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Components that can pass current ("closed") or break the current ("open"): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Switch" title="Switch">Switch</a> – Manually operated switch <ul><li>Electrical description: SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT, NPNT (general)</li> <li>Technology: slide switches, toggle switches, rocker switches, rotary switches, pushbutton switches</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keypad" title="Keypad">Keypad</a> – Array of pushbutton switches</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIP_switch" title="DIP switch">DIP switch</a> – Small array of switches for internal configuration settings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footswitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Footswitch">Footswitch</a> – Foot-operated switch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife_switch" title="Knife switch">Knife switch</a> – Switch with unenclosed conductors</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_switch" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro switch">Micro switch</a> – Mechanically activated switch with snap action</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limit_switch" title="Limit switch">Limit switch</a> – Mechanically activated switch to sense limit of motion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_switch" title="Mercury switch">Mercury switch</a> – Switch sensing tilt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_switch" title="Centrifugal switch">Centrifugal switch</a> – Switch sensing centrifugal force due to rate of rotation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relay" title="Relay">Relay</a> or <a href="/wiki/Contactor" title="Contactor">contactor</a> – Electro-mechanically operated switch (see also <a href="/wiki/Solid_state_relay" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid state relay">solid state relay</a> above)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_switch" title="Reed switch">Reed switch</a> – Magnetically activated switch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermostat" title="Thermostat">Thermostat</a> – Thermally activated switch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidistat" title="Humidistat">Humidistat</a> – Humidity activated switch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_breaker" title="Circuit breaker">Circuit breaker</a> – Switch opened in response to excessive current: a resettable fuse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disconnector" title="Disconnector">Disconnector</a> – Switch used in high- and medium-voltage applications for maintenance of other devices or isolation of circuits</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_switch" title="Transfer switch">Transfer switch</a> – Switch that toggles a load between two sources</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protection_devices">Protection devices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Protection devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Passivity_(engineering)" title="Passivity (engineering)">Passive components</a> that protect circuits from excessive currents or voltages: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(electrical)" title="Fuse (electrical)">Fuse</a> – over-current protection, one time use</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_breaker" title="Circuit breaker">Circuit breaker</a> – resettable fuse in the form of a mechanical switch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resettable_fuse" title="Resettable fuse">Resettable fuse</a> or PolySwitch – circuit breaker action using solid state device</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground-fault_protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground-fault protection">Ground-fault protection</a> or <a href="/wiki/Residual-current_device" title="Residual-current device">residual-current device</a> – circuit breaker sensitive to mains currents passing to ground</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varistor" title="Varistor">Metal oxide varistor (MOV), surge absorber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transient_voltage_suppression_diode" class="mw-redirect" title="Transient voltage suppression diode">TVS</a> – Over-voltage protection</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inrush_current_limiter" title="Inrush current limiter">Inrush current limiter</a> – protection against initial <a href="/wiki/Inrush_current" title="Inrush current">Inrush current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_discharge_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas discharge tube">Gas discharge tube</a> – protection against high voltage surges</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_gap" title="Spark gap">Spark gap</a> – electrodes with a gap to arc over at a high voltage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_arrester" title="Lightning arrester">Lightning arrester</a> – spark gap used to protect against lightning strikes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recloser" title="Recloser">Recloser</a> – automatic switch that opens on an overcurrent (fault) condition, then closes to check if the fault is cleared, and repeats this process a specified number of times before maintaining the open position until it is manually closed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arc-fault_circuit_interrupter" title="Arc-fault circuit interrupter">Arc-fault circuit interrupter</a> – circuit breaker that protects against arcs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_protector" title="Network protector">Network protector</a> – protective device that disconnects a distribution transformer when energy flow reverses direction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_starter" title="Magnetic starter">Magnetic starter</a> – electromechanical switch used in motors</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanical_accessories">Mechanical accessories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Mechanical accessories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enclosure_(electrical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclosure (electrical)">Enclosure (electrical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_sink" title="Heat sink">Heat sink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_(mechanical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fan (mechanical)">Fan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">Printed circuit boards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamp_(electrical_component)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamp (electrical component)">Lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waveguide" title="Waveguide">Waveguide</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obsolete">Obsolete</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Obsolete"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Carbon amplifier (see <a href="/wiki/Carbon_microphone#Carbon_microphones_used_as_amplifiers" title="Carbon microphone">Carbon microphones used as amplifiers</a>)</li> <li>Carbon arc (negative resistance device)</li> <li>Dynamo (historic rf generator)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coherer" title="Coherer">Coherer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standard_symbols">Standard symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Standard symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electronic_symbol" title="Electronic symbol">Electronic symbol</a></div> <p>On a <a href="/wiki/Circuit_diagram" title="Circuit diagram">circuit diagram</a>, electronic devices are represented by conventional symbols. <a href="/wiki/Reference_designator" title="Reference designator">Reference designators</a> are applied to the symbols to identify the components. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/E-series_of_preferred_numbers" class="mw-redirect" title="E-series of preferred numbers">E-series of preferred numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumped_element_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumped element model">Lumped element model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterfeit_electronic_components" class="mw-redirect" title="Counterfeit electronic components">Counterfeit electronic components</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_element" title="Electrical element">Electrical element</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_mixer" title="Electronic mixer">Electronic mixer</a></li> <li>Electronic components' <a href="/wiki/Datasheet" title="Datasheet">Datasheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_315-1975" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 315-1975">IEEE 315-1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_electronics" title="Solid-state electronics">Solid-state electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_electronic_engineering" title="History of electronic engineering">History of electronic engineering</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_component&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/discrete-component">"Definition of discrete component"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+discrete+component&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcmag.com%2Fencyclopedia%2Fterm%2Fdiscrete-component&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+component" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UjJlDwAAQBAJ&dq=discrete+vs+integrated+circuit+cost&pg=SA1-PA6"><i>Principles of VLSI and CMOS Integrated Circuits</i></a>. S. Chand. 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-219-4000-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-219-4000-9"><bdi>978-81-219-4000-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+VLSI+and+CMOS+Integrated+Circuits&rft.pub=S.+Chand&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-81-219-4000-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUjJlDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Ddiscrete%2Bvs%2Bintegrated%2Bcircuit%2Bcost%26pg%3DSA1-PA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+component" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xll-DAAAQBAJ&q=discrete+circuit"><i>Passive and Discrete Circuits: Newnes Electronics Circuits Pocket Book, Volume 2</i></a>. Elsevier. 23 June 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4832-9198-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4832-9198-7"><bdi>978-1-4832-9198-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Passive+and+Discrete+Circuits%3A+Newnes+Electronics+Circuits+Pocket+Book%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2016-06-23&rft.isbn=978-1-4832-9198-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxll-DAAAQBAJ%26q%3Ddiscrete%2Bcircuit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+component" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For instance, a computer could be contained inside a black box with two external terminals. It might do various calculations and signal its results by varying its resistance, but always consuming power as resistance does. Nevertheless, it is an <i>active</i> component, since it relies on a power source to operate.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonreciprocal passive devices include the <a href="/wiki/Gyrator" title="Gyrator">gyrator</a> (though as a truly passive component, this exists more in theoretical terms, and is usually implemented using an active circuit)—and the <a href="/wiki/Circulator" title="Circulator">circulator</a>, which is used at microwave and optical frequencies</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-computerhistory2018-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-computerhistory2018_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/13-sextillion-counting-the-long-winding-road-to-the-most-frequently-manufactured-human-artifact-in-history/">"13 Sextillion & Counting: The Long & Winding Road to the Most Frequently Manufactured Human Artifact in History"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a></i>. April 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Computer+History+Museum&rft.atitle=13+Sextillion+%26+Counting%3A+The+Long+%26+Winding+Road+to+the+Most+Frequently+Manufactured+Human+Artifact+in+History&rft.date=2018-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerhistory.org%2Fatchm%2F13-sextillion-counting-the-long-winding-road-to-the-most-frequently-manufactured-human-artifact-in-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+component" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baker-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baker_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2011" class="citation book cs1">Baker, R. Jacob (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kxYhNrOKuJQC&pg=PA7"><i>CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1118038239" title="Special:BookSources/978-1118038239"><bdi>978-1118038239</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CMOS%3A+Circuit+Design%2C+Layout%2C+and+Simulation&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1118038239&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=R.+Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkxYhNrOKuJQC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+component" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbernathy" class="citation web cs1">Abernathy, Johanna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quarktwin.com/blogs/resistor/understanding-voltage-divider-circuits/389">"Understanding Voltage Divider Circuits"</a>. <i>QuarkTwin</i>. Connelly Roth<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=QuarkTwin&rft.atitle=Understanding+Voltage+Divider+Circuits&rft.aulast=Abernathy&rft.aufirst=Johanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quarktwin.com%2Fblogs%2Fresistor%2Funderstanding-voltage-divider-circuits%2F389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+component" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ussensor.com/technical-info/what-is-a-thermistor">What is a Thermistor</a>. U.S. Sensor Corp.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">Semiconductor<br />devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOS <br />transistors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">Transistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NMOS_logic" title="NMOS logic">NMOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PMOS_logic" title="PMOS logic">PMOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BiCMOS" title="BiCMOS">BiCMOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bio-FET" title="Bio-FET">BioFET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_field-effect_transistor" title="Chemical field-effect transistor">Chemical field-effect transistor</a> (ChemFET)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMOS" title="CMOS">Complementary MOS</a> (CMOS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depletion-load_NMOS_logic" title="Depletion-load NMOS logic">Depletion-load NMOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FinFET" class="mw-redirect" title="FinFET">Fin field-effect transistor</a> (FinFET)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating-gate_MOSFET" title="Floating-gate MOSFET">Floating-gate MOSFET</a> (FGMOS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulated-gate_bipolar_transistor" title="Insulated-gate bipolar transistor">Insulated-gate bipolar transistor</a> (IGBT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISFET" title="ISFET">ISFET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDMOS" title="LDMOS">LDMOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOS field-effect transistor</a> (MOSFET)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multigate_device" title="Multigate device">Multi-gate field-effect transistor</a> (MuGFET)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_MOSFET" title="Power MOSFET">Power MOSFET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin-film_transistor" title="Thin-film transistor">Thin-film transistor</a> (TFT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMOS" title="VMOS">VMOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_MOSFET#UMOS" title="Power MOSFET">UMOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">Other <br />transistors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bipolar_junction_transistor" title="Bipolar junction transistor">Bipolar junction transistor</a> (BJT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlington_transistor" title="Darlington transistor">Darlington transistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffused_junction_transistor" title="Diffused junction transistor">Diffused junction transistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field-effect_transistor" title="Field-effect transistor">Field-effect transistor</a> (FET) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JFET" title="JFET">Junction Gate FET (JFET)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_field-effect_transistor" title="Organic field-effect transistor">Organic FET (OFET)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light-emitting_transistor" title="Light-emitting transistor">Light-emitting transistor</a> (LET) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organic_light-emitting_transistor" title="Organic light-emitting transistor">Organic LET (OLET)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentode_transistor" title="Pentode transistor">Pentode transistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point-contact_transistor" title="Point-contact transistor">Point-contact transistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_unijunction_transistor" title="Programmable unijunction transistor">Programmable unijunction transistor</a> (PUT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Static_induction_transistor" title="Static induction transistor">Static induction transistor</a> (SIT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrode_transistor" title="Tetrode transistor">Tetrode transistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unijunction_transistor" title="Unijunction transistor">Unijunction transistor</a> (UJT)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diode" title="Diode">Diodes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_diode" title="Avalanche diode">Avalanche diode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant-current_diode" title="Constant-current diode">Constant-current diode</a> (CLD, CRD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunn_diode" title="Gunn diode">Gunn diode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_diode" title="Laser diode">Laser diode</a> (LD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light-emitting_diode" title="Light-emitting diode">Light-emitting diode</a> (LED)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLED" title="OLED">Organic light-emitting diode</a> (OLED)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photodiode" title="Photodiode">Photodiode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIN_diode" title="PIN diode">PIN diode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schottky_diode" title="Schottky diode">Schottky diode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Step_recovery_diode" title="Step recovery diode">Step recovery diode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zener_diode" title="Zener diode">Zener diode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <br />devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Printed_electronics" title="Printed electronics">Printed electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">Printed circuit board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIAC" title="DIAC">DIAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterostructure_barrier_varactor" title="Heterostructure barrier varactor">Heterostructure barrier varactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">Integrated circuit</a> (IC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_integrated_circuit" title="Hybrid integrated circuit">Hybrid integrated circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_emitting_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Light emitting capacitor">Light emitting capacitor</a> (LEC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memistor" title="Memistor">Memistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memristor" title="Memristor">Memristor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memtransistor" title="Memtransistor">Memtransistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_cell_(computing)" title="Memory cell (computing)">Memory cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal-oxide_varistor" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal-oxide varistor">Metal-oxide varistor</a> (MOV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-signal_integrated_circuit" title="Mixed-signal integrated circuit">Mixed-signal integrated circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOS_integrated_circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS integrated circuit">MOS integrated circuit</a> (MOS IC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_semiconductor" title="Organic semiconductor">Organic semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photodetector" title="Photodetector">Photodetector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_circuit" title="Quantum circuit">Quantum circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RF_CMOS" title="RF CMOS">RF CMOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_controlled_rectifier" title="Silicon controlled rectifier">Silicon controlled rectifier</a> (SCR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solaristor" title="Solaristor">Solaristor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Static_induction_thyristor" title="Static induction thyristor">Static induction thyristor</a> (SITh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional_integrated_circuit" title="Three-dimensional integrated circuit">Three-dimensional integrated circuit</a> (3D IC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyristor" title="Thyristor">Thyristor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trancitor" title="Trancitor">Trancitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRIAC" title="TRIAC">TRIAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varicap" title="Varicap">Varicap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Voltage_regulator" title="Voltage regulator">Voltage regulators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_regulator" title="Linear regulator">Linear regulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-dropout_regulator" title="Low-dropout regulator">Low-dropout regulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switching_regulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Switching regulator">Switching regulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buck_converter" title="Buck converter">Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boost_converter" title="Boost converter">Boost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buck%E2%80%93boost_converter" title="Buck–boost converter">Buck–boost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split-pi_topology" title="Split-pi topology">Split-pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%86uk_converter" title="Ćuk converter">Ćuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-ended_primary-inductor_converter" title="Single-ended primary-inductor converter">SEPIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_pump" title="Charge pump">Charge pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switched_capacitor" title="Switched capacitor">Switched capacitor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">Vacuum tubes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acorn_tube" title="Acorn tube">Acorn tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audion" title="Audion">Audion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beam_tetrode" title="Beam tetrode">Beam tetrode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot-wire_barretter" title="Hot-wire barretter">Barretter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compactron" title="Compactron">Compactron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_diode" class="mw-redirect" title="Vacuum diode">Diode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleming_valve" title="Fleming valve">Fleming valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_generator" title="Neutron generator">Neutron tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonode" title="Nonode">Nonode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuvistor" title="Nuvistor">Nuvistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagrid_converter" title="Pentagrid converter">Pentagrid</a> (Hexode, Heptode, Octode)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentode" title="Pentode">Pentode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photomultiplier_tube" title="Photomultiplier tube">Photomultiplier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phototube" title="Phototube">Phototube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrode" title="Tetrode">Tetrode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triode" title="Triode">Triode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">Vacuum tubes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation" title="Electromagnetic radiation">RF</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backward-wave_oscillator" title="Backward-wave oscillator">Backward-wave oscillator</a> (BWO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavity_magnetron" title="Cavity magnetron">Cavity magnetron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossed-field_amplifier" title="Crossed-field amplifier">Crossed-field amplifier</a> (CFA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyrotron" title="Gyrotron">Gyrotron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inductive_output_tube" title="Inductive output tube">Inductive output tube</a> (IOT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klystron" title="Klystron">Klystron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maser" title="Maser">Maser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_tube" title="Sutton tube">Sutton tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traveling-wave_tube" title="Traveling-wave tube">Traveling-wave tube</a> (TWT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_tube" title="X-ray tube">X-ray tube</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">Cathode-ray tubes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beam_deflection_tube" title="Beam deflection tube">Beam deflection tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charactron" title="Charactron">Charactron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconoscope" title="Iconoscope">Iconoscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_eye_tube" title="Magic eye tube">Magic eye tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoscope" title="Monoscope">Monoscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selectron_tube" title="Selectron tube">Selectron tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_tube" title="Storage tube">Storage tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trochotron" class="mw-redirect" title="Trochotron">Trochotron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_camera_tube" title="Video camera tube">Video camera tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_tube" title="Williams tube">Williams tube</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Gas-filled_tube" title="Gas-filled tube">Gas-filled tubes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_cathode" title="Cold cathode">Cold cathode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossatron" title="Crossatron">Crossatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekatron" title="Dekatron">Dekatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignitron" title="Ignitron">Ignitron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krytron" title="Krytron">Krytron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-arc_valve" title="Mercury-arc valve">Mercury-arc valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neon_lamp" title="Neon lamp">Neon lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixie_tube" title="Nixie tube">Nixie tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyratron" title="Thyratron">Thyratron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigatron" title="Trigatron">Trigatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltage-regulator_tube" title="Voltage-regulator tube">Voltage-regulator tube</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Adjustable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potentiometer" title="Potentiometer">Potentiometer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_potentiometer" title="Digital potentiometer">digital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_capacitor" title="Variable capacitor">Variable capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varicap" title="Varicap">Varicap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Passive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Connector <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_and_video_interfaces_and_connectors" title="Audio and video interfaces and connectors">audio and video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AC_power_plugs_and_sockets" title="AC power plugs and sockets">electrical power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RF_connector" title="RF connector">RF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrolytic_detector" title="Electrolytic detector">Electrolytic detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrite_core" title="Ferrite core">Ferrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifuse" title="Antifuse">Antifuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(electrical)" title="Fuse (electrical)">Fuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resettable_fuse" title="Resettable fuse">resettable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFUSE" class="mw-redirect" title="EFUSE">eFUSE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistor" title="Resistor">Resistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switch" title="Switch">Switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermistor" title="Thermistor">Thermistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformer" title="Transformer">Transformer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varistor" title="Varistor">Varistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire" title="Wire">Wire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wollaston_wire" title="Wollaston wire">Wollaston wire</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Electrical_reactance" title="Electrical reactance">Reactive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capacitor" title="Capacitor">Capacitor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capacitor_types" title="Capacitor types">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_resonator" title="Ceramic resonator">Ceramic resonator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_oscillator" title="Crystal oscillator">Crystal oscillator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inductor" title="Inductor">Inductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parametron" title="Parametron">Parametron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relay" title="Relay">Relay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reed_relay" title="Reed relay">reed relay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_relay" title="Mercury relay">mercury relay</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4014360-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Electronic apparatus and appliances"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85042254">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561429">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span 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