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Tempo profondo - Wikipedia

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</div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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nascita di intere catene montuose, i quali richiedono elaborati processi che si protraggono per un arco temporale ampissimo.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il termine venne applicato da <a href="/wiki/John_McPhee_(scrittore)" title="John McPhee (scrittore)">John McPhee</a> al concetto di <a href="/wiki/Scala_dei_tempi_geologici" title="Scala dei tempi geologici">tempo geologico</a> nel suo libro <i>Basin and Range</i> (1981), di cui vennero pubblicati originariamente alcuni estratti sulla rivista <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-McPhee98_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McPhee98-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ma tale concetto venne sviluppato nel <a href="/wiki/XVIII_secolo" title="XVIII secolo">XVIII secolo</a> dal geologo <a href="/wiki/Scozzesi" title="Scozzesi">scozzese</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Hutton" title="James Hutton">James Hutton</a> (1726-1797);<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> il suo "sistema della Terra abitabile" era un meccanismo <a href="/wiki/Deismo" title="Deismo">deistico</a> che manteneva il mondo eternamente adatto agli esseri umani.<sup id="cite_ref-Rudwick68_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rudwick68-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Il concetto moderno ha comportato enormi cambiamenti in merito al calcolo dell’età della Terra, che è stata stimata, dopo una lunga e complessa storia di sviluppi, intorno ai 4,55 miliardi di anni.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concetto_scientifico">Concetto scientifico</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempo_profondo&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Concetto scientifico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempo_profondo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Concetto scientifico"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sicker_Point_-_Hutton%27s_Unconformity.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sicker_Point_-_Hutton%27s_Unconformity.JPG/220px-Sicker_Point_-_Hutton%27s_Unconformity.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sicker_Point_-_Hutton%27s_Unconformity.JPG/330px-Sicker_Point_-_Hutton%27s_Unconformity.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sicker_Point_-_Hutton%27s_Unconformity.JPG/440px-Sicker_Point_-_Hutton%27s_Unconformity.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>La discordanza angolare di Siccar Point</figcaption></figure> <p>Hutton basò la sua visione del tempo profondo su concetti <a href="/wiki/Geochimica" title="Geochimica">geochimici</a> che aveva sviluppato in <a href="/wiki/Scozia" title="Scozia">Scozia</a> e in <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> a partire dal <a href="/wiki/1750" title="1750">1750</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Come osservò il matematico <a href="/wiki/John_Playfair" title="John Playfair">John Playfair</a>, amico e collega di Hutton durante l'Illuminismo scozzese, vedendo gli <a href="/wiki/Strato_(geologia)" title="Strato (geologia)">strati</a> della <a href="/wiki/Discordanza_angolare" title="Discordanza angolare">discordanza angolare</a> di <a href="/wiki/Siccar_Point" title="Siccar Point">Siccar Point</a> con Hutton e <a href="/wiki/James_Hall_(1761-1832)" title="James Hall (1761-1832)">James Hall</a> nel giugno 1788: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139517313">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%;padding-left:2.4em;padding-right:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia{display:flex;gap:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia>div{width:0;flex:1 1 0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-footer{padding:0 1.2em 0 0;margin:0}</style><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-doppia"> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <p>«The mind seemed to grow giddy by looking so far into the abyss of time.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>» </p> </div> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <p>«La mente sembrava diventare stordita guardando così lontano nell'abisso del tempo.» </p> </div></div></div> <p>I primi geologi, tra cui <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Stenone" title="Niccolò Stenone">Niccolò Stenone</a> (1638-1686) e <a href="/wiki/Horace-B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict_de_Saussure" title="Horace-Bénédict de Saussure">Horace-Bénédict de Saussure</a> (1740-1799), avevano sviluppato idee sugli <a href="/wiki/Strato_(geologia)" title="Strato (geologia)">strati geologici</a> che si sarebbero formati dall'acqua attraverso processi chimici; da tali idee <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Gottlob_Werner" title="Abraham Gottlob Werner">Abraham Gottlob Werner</a> (1749-1817) sviluppò una teoria nota come <a href="/wiki/Nettunismo" title="Nettunismo">nettunismo</a>, che prevede la lenta cristallizzazione dei minerali negli antichi oceani della Terra per formare la <a href="/wiki/Roccia" title="Roccia">roccia</a>. L'innovativa teoria di Hutton del 1785, basata sul <a href="/wiki/Plutonismo" title="Plutonismo">plutonismo</a>, prevedeva un processo ciclico infinito di rocce che si formano sotto il mare, vengono sollevate e inclinate, ed infine erose per formare nuovi strati sotto il mare. Nel 1788 la vista dell'"Hutton's Unconformity" a Siccar Point convinse Playfair e Hall di questo ciclo estremamente lento; in quello stesso anno Hutton scrisse in modo memorabile: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139517313"><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-doppia"> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <p>«We find no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>» </p> </div> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <p>«Non troviamo traccia di un inizio, nessuna prospettiva di una fine.» </p> </div></div></div> <p>Altri scienziati come <a href="/wiki/Georges_Cuvier" title="Georges Cuvier">Georges Cuvier</a> (1769-1832) avanzarono idee di epoche passate e geologi come <a href="/wiki/Adam_Sedgwick" title="Adam Sedgwick">Adam Sedgwick</a> (1785-1873) incorporarono le idee di Werner nei concetti di <a href="/wiki/Catastrofismo" title="Catastrofismo">catastrofismo</a>; Sedgwick ispirò il suo studente universitario <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> ad esclamare: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139517313"><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-doppia"> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <p>«What a capital hand is Sedgewick [sic] for drawing large cheques upon the Bank of Time!<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>» </p> </div> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <p>«Che mano capitale è Sedgewick [sic] per aver prelevato grossi assegni sulla Banca del Tempo!» </p> </div></div></div> <p>In una teoria concorrente, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyell" title="Charles Lyell">Charles Lyell</a> nei suoi <i>Principles of Geology</i> (1830-1833) sviluppò la comprensione di Hutton del tempo profondo infinito come concetto <a href="/wiki/Scienza" title="Scienza">scientifico</a> cruciale nell'<a href="/wiki/Uniformitarismo" title="Uniformitarismo">uniformitarismo</a>. Da giovane <a href="/wiki/Storia_naturale" title="Storia naturale">naturalista</a> e teorico geologico, Darwin studiò in modo esaustivo i successivi volumi del libro di Lyell durante il <a href="/wiki/Secondo_viaggio_del_HMS_Beagle" title="Secondo viaggio del HMS Beagle">secondo viaggio del HMS <i>Beagle</i></a> negli anni '30 dell'Ottocento, prima di iniziare a teorizzare sull'<a href="/wiki/Evoluzione" title="Evoluzione">evoluzione</a>. </p><p>Il fisico <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Benford" title="Gregory Benford">Gregory Benford</a> affronta il concetto di tempo profondo in <i>Deep Time: How Humanity Communicates Across Millennia</i> (1999), così come il paleontologo ed editore di <i><a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a></i> Henry Gee in <i>In Search of Deep Time: Beyond the Fossil Record to a New History of Life</i> (2001).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Anche <i>Time's Arrow, Time's Cycle</i> (1987) di <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Stephen Jay Gould</a> tratta in gran parte dell'evoluzione del concetto. </p><p>In <i>Time's Arrow, Time's Cycle</i>, Gould ha citato una delle metafore usate da McPhee per spiegare il concetto di tempo profondo: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139517313"><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-doppia"> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <p>«Consider the Earth's history as the old measure of the English yard, the distance from the King's nose to the tip of his outstretched hand. One stroke of a nail file on his middle finger erases human history.<sup id="cite_ref-McPhee98_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McPhee98-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>» </p> </div> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <p>«Considerate la storia della Terra come l'antica misura della iarda inglese, la distanza dal naso del Re alla punta della sua mano tesa. Un colpo di lima per unghie sul suo dito medio cancella la storia umana.» </p> </div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nature_timespiral_vertical_layout.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Nature_timespiral_vertical_layout.png/350px-Nature_timespiral_vertical_layout.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="409" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Nature_timespiral_vertical_layout.png/525px-Nature_timespiral_vertical_layout.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Nature_timespiral_vertical_layout.png/700px-Nature_timespiral_vertical_layout.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2921" /></a><figcaption>In questa illustrazione della Grande Storia è stata scelta l'unità Ga ("giga-annum") per riportare i diversi periodi ed eventi in numeri comprensibili.</figcaption></figure> <p>Concetti simili al tempo geologico furono elaborati nell'XI secolo dal filosofo e medico persiano <a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a> (Ibn Sīnā, 973-1037),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> e dal naturalista e geologo cinese <a href="/wiki/Shen_Kuo" title="Shen Kuo">Shen Kuo</a> (1031-1095).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il teologo Thomas Berry (1914-2009) ha esplorato le implicazioni <a href="/wiki/Spiritualit%C3%A0" title="Spiritualità">spirituali</a> del concetto di tempo profondo. Egli propose che una profonda comprensione della storia e del funzionamento dell’universo in evoluzione sia un’ispirazione e una guida necessaria per il nostro funzionamento efficace come individui e come specie. Questa visione ha fortemente influenzato lo sviluppo dell'<a href="/wiki/Ecologia_profonda" title="Ecologia profonda">ecologia profonda</a> e dell'<a href="/wiki/Ecosofia" title="Ecosofia">ecofilosofia</a> La natura esperienziale dell'esperienza del tempo profondo ha fortemente influenzato anche il lavoro di Joanna Macy. </p><p><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a> e <a href="/wiki/Julian_Huxley" title="Julian Huxley">Julian Huxley</a> consideravano esagerate le difficoltà nell'affrontare il concetto di tempo profondo. In <i>The Science of Life</i> (1929) affermavano che: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139517313"><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-doppia"> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <p>«The use of different scales is simply a matter of practice. We very soon get used to maps, though they are constructed on scales down to a hundred-millionth of natural size [...] to grasp geological time all that is needed is to stick tight to some magnitude which shall be the unit on the new and magnified scale—a million years is probably the most convenient—to grasp its meaning once and for all by an effort of imagination, and then to think of all passage of geological time in terms of this unit.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>» </p> </div> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <p>«L'uso di scale diverse è semplicemente una questione di pratica. Ci abituiamo molto presto alle mappe, sebbene siano costruite su scale fino a un centomilionesimo delle dimensioni naturali [...] per comprendere il tempo geologico tutto ciò che è necessario è attenersi strettamente a una certa grandezza che sarà l'unità sulla nuova e una scala ingrandita – un milione di anni è probabilmente la più conveniente – per coglierne il significato una volta per tutte con uno sforzo di immaginazione, e poi pensare a tutto il passaggio del tempo geologico in termini di questa unità.» </p> </div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempo_profondo&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempo_profondo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> David Sadava, H. Craig Heller, Gordon H. Orians, William K. Purves, David M. Hillis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ebook.scuola.zanichelli.it/sadavabiologia/le-prime-teorie-scientifiche-sulla-storia-della-vita/document-77"><span style="font-style:italic;">La geologia introdusse il concetto di tempo profondo nelle scienze naturali</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Biologia. La scienza della vita</span>, Zanichelli. <small>URL consultato il 10 settembre 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McPhee98-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-McPhee98_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-McPhee98_2-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFMcPhee1998">McPhee 1998</a>,&#160;p. 77</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFPalmerZen">Palmer &amp; Zen</a></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFKubicek2008">Kubicek 2008</a></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Jack Repcheck, <span style="font-style:italic;">L'uomo che scoprì il tempo. James Hutton e l'età della Terra</span>, Cortina Editore, 2004, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788870788648" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788870788648">9788870788648</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rudwick68-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Rudwick68_6-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) M. J. S. Rudwick, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lYyRBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA68"><span style="font-style:italic;">Earth's Deep History: How It Was Discovered and Why It Matters</span></a>, pp.&#160;68-70, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-226-20393-5" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-226-20393-5">978-0-226-20393-5</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Paul S. Braterman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-science-figured-out-the-age-of-the-earth/"><span style="font-style:italic;">How Science Figured Out the Age of Earth</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Scientific American</span>. <small>URL consultato il 10 settembre 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Matthew Daniel Eddy, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1112014/The_Language_of_Mineralogy_John_Walker_Chemistry_and_the_Edinburgh_Medical_School_1750-1800_2008_"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Language of Mineralogy: John Walker, Chemistry and the Edinburgh Medical School 1750-1800</span></a>, Londra, Ashgate, 2008, p.&#160;Ch. 5.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFMcPhee1998">McPhee 1998</a>,&#160;p. 79</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFMontgomery2003">Montgomery 2003</a></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFRance1999">Rance 1999</a></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFDarwin1831">Darwin 1831</a></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFKorthof2000">Korthof 2000</a></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFCampbell2001">Campbell 2001</a></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFToulminGoodfield">Toulmin &amp; Goodfield 1965</a>,&#160;p. 64</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFSivin1995">Sivin 1995</a>,&#160;vol. III, pp. 23-24</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) H. G. Wells, Julian S. Huxley, G. P. Wells, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scienceoflife00well"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Science of Life</span></a>, New York, The Literary Guild, 1934, p.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scienceoflife00well/page/326">326</a>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempo_profondo&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempo_profondo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2001" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Anthony Campbell, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070102025927/http://www.acampbell.ukfsn.org/bookreviews/r/gee.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Book review: <i>In Search of Deep Time</i><span></span></span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">acampbell.ukfsn.org</span>, 2001 <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.acampbell.ukfsn.org/bookreviews/r/gee.html">url originale</abbr> il 2 gennaio 2007)</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1831" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) C. R. Darwin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090116035539/http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwinletters/calendar/entry-101.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Darwin Correspondence Project – Letter 101 — Darwin, C. R. to Fox, W. D., (9 July 1831)</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">darwinproject.ac.uk</span>, 9 luglio 1831 <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwinletters/calendar/entry-101.html">url originale</abbr> il 16 gennaio 2009)</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKorthof2000" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Gert Korthof, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wasdarwinwrong.com/kortho49.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">A Revolution in Palaeontology: Review of Henry Gee's "In Search of Deep Time"</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">wasdarwinwrong.com</span>, 2000. <small>URL consultato il 10 settembre 2023</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery2003" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Keith Montgomery, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003085515/http://nagt.org/files/nagt/jge/abstracts/Montgomery_v51n5.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Siccar Point and Teaching the History of Geology</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), su <span style="font-style:italic;">nagt.org</span>, University of Wisconsin, 2003 <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//nagt.org/files/nagt/jge/abstracts/Montgomery_v51n5.pdf">url originale</abbr> il 3 ottobre 2008)</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPalmerZen" class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) A. R. Palmer, E-an Zen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bcn.boulder.co.us/basin/local/sustain2.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Context of Humanity: Understanding Deep Time</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Geological Society of America</span>, Critical Issues Committee. <small>URL consultato il 10 settembre 2023</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRance1999" class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Hugh Rance, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081203173042/http://www.geowords.com/histbookpdf/a22.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Hutton's unconformities</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), in <span style="font-style:italic;">Historical Geology: The Present is the Key to the Past</span>, QCC Press, 1999 <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//geowords.com/histbookpdf/a22.pdf">url originale</abbr> il 3 dicembre 2008)</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Vincent Ialenti, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/deep-time-reckoning"><span style="font-style:italic;">Deep Time Reckoning: How Future Thinking Can Help Earth Now</span></a>, Cambridge, The MIT Press, 2020.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMcPhee1998" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a href="/wiki/John_McPhee_(scrittore)" title="John McPhee (scrittore)">John McPhee</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/annalsofformerwo00mcph"><span style="font-style:italic;">Book 1: Basin and Range (1981)</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Annals of the Former World</span>, New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-374-10520-0" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-374-10520-0">0-374-10520-0</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Jack Repcheck, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manwhofoundtimej0000repc"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Man Who Found Time: James Hutton and the Discovery of the Earth's Antiquity</span></a>, Cambridge, Perseus Books, 2003, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-7382-0692-X" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-7382-0692-X">0-7382-0692-X</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Paolo Rossi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/darkabyssoftimeh0000ross"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Dark Abyss of Time: The History of the Earth and the History of Nations from Hooke to Vico</span></a>, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1984, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0226728358" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0226728358">0226728358</a>.</cite>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSivin1995" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Nathan Sivin, <span style="font-style:italic;">Science in Ancient China: Researches and Reflections</span>, III, Brookfield, Ashgate Publishing Variorum series, 1995, pp.&#160;23–24.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFToulminGoodfield" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Stephen Toulmin, June Goodfield, <span style="font-style:italic;">The Ancestry of Science: The Discovery of Time</span>, University of Chicago Press, 1965, p.&#160;64.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Andrew Dickson White, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infidels.org/library/historical/andrew_white/Chapter5.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom</span></a>, New York, D. Appleton &amp; Company, 1896.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Simon Winchester, <span style="font-style:italic;">The Map That Changed the World: William Smith and the Birth of Modern Geology</span>, New York, Harper Collins, 2001, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-06-019361-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-06-019361-1">0-06-019361-1</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Vincent Ialenti, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.23987/sts.55323"><span style="font-style:italic;">Adjudicating Deep Time: Revisiting The United States' High-Level Nuclear Waste Repository Project At Yucca Mountain</span></a>, vol.&#160;27, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.23987%2Fsts.55323">10.23987/sts.55323</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKubicek2008" class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Robert Kubicek, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/agesinchaosjames0000unse/page/142"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ages in Chaos: James Hutton and the Discovery of Deep Time</span></a>, vol.&#160;70, 1º marzo 2008, pp.&#160;142-143, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-7653-1238-9" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-7653-1238-9">978-0-7653-1238-9</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) John Playfair, <span style="font-style:italic;">Hutton's Unconformity</span>, V, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1805.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempo_profondo&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempo_profondo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Storia_dell%27universo" title="Storia dell&#39;universo">Storia dell'universo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formazione_ed_evoluzione_del_sistema_solare" title="Formazione ed evoluzione del sistema solare">Formazione ed evoluzione del sistema solare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storia_della_Terra" title="Storia della Terra">Storia della Terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evoluzione_della_vita" title="Evoluzione della vita">Evoluzione della vita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orologio_Long_Now" title="Orologio Long Now">Orologio Long Now</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Il_mondo_senza_di_noi" title="Il mondo senza di noi">Il mondo senza di noi</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempo_profondo&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempo_profondo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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intercalare</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anno_bisestile" title="Anno bisestile">Anno bisestile</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#dd9;"><a href="/wiki/Cronologia" title="Cronologia">Cronologia</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Cronologia_astronomica" title="Cronologia astronomica">Cronologia astronomica</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scala_dei_tempi_geologici" title="Scala dei tempi geologici">Tempo geologico</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Storia_geologica_della_Terra&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Storia geologica della Terra (la pagina non esiste)">Storia geologica</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Geocronologia" class="mw-redirect" title="Geocronologia">Geocronologia</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Datazione_(archeologia)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Datazione (archeologia) (la pagina non esiste)">Datazione archeologica</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Era_del_calendario" title="Era del calendario">Era del calendario</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anno_di_regno&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anno di regno (la pagina non esiste)">Anno di regno</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cronaca_(genere_letterario)" title="Cronaca (genere letterario)">Cronaca</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Periodizzazione" title="Periodizzazione">Periodizzazione</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#dd9;">Religione e mitologia</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Chronos_(mitologia)" title="Chronos (mitologia)">Chronos</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Decani" title="Decani">Decani</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eone_(cosmologia)" title="Eone (cosmologia)">Eone</a><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Kairos" title="Kairos">Kairós</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81la" title="Kāla">Kāla</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81lacakratantra" title="Kālacakratantra">Kālacakratantra</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Padre_Tempo" title="Padre Tempo">Padre Tempo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Profezia" title="Profezia">Profezia</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ruota_dell%27esistenza" title="Ruota dell&#39;esistenza">Ruota del tempo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spirito_del_tempo" title="Spirito del tempo">Spirito del tempo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tempo_del_Sogno" title="Tempo del Sogno">Tempo del Sogno</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#dd9;"><a href="/wiki/Concezione_del_tempo" title="Concezione del tempo">Filosofia</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Causa_(filosofia)" title="Causa (filosofia)">Causalità</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eterno_ritorno" title="Eterno ritorno">Eterno ritorno</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Evento_(teoria_della_probabilit%C3%A0)" title="Evento (teoria della probabilità)">Evento</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kalpa" title="Kalpa">Kalpa</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Presentismo" title="Presentismo">Presentismo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sincronicit%C3%A0" title="Sincronicità">Sincronicità</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tempo_ciclico" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempo ciclico">Tempo ciclico</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Filosofia_della_storia" title="Filosofia della storia">Tempo storico</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yuga" title="Yuga">Yuga</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#dd9;">Scienze fisiche</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(fisica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempo (fisica)">Tempo in fisica</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spaziotempo" title="Spaziotempo">Spaziotempo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tempo_assoluto" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempo assoluto">Tempo assoluto</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Simmetria_temporale" title="Simmetria temporale">Simmetria temporale</a><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Freccia_del_tempo" title="Freccia del tempo">Freccia del tempo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chronon" title="Chronon">Chronon</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Quarta_dimensione" title="Quarta dimensione">Quarta dimensione</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epoca_di_Planck&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Epoca di Planck (la pagina non esiste)">Epoca di Planck</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tempo_di_Planck" title="Tempo di Planck">Tempo di Planck</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dominio_del_tempo" title="Dominio del tempo">Dominio del tempo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dimensioni_temporali_multiple" title="Dimensioni temporali multiple">Dimensioni temporali multiple</a><br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_della_relativit%C3%A0" title="Teoria della relatività">Teoria della relatività</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dilatazione_del_tempo" title="Dilatazione del tempo">Dilatazione del tempo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dilatazione_temporale_gravitazionale" title="Dilatazione temporale gravitazionale">Dilatazione gravitazionale del tempo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempo_coordinato&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tempo coordinato (la pagina non esiste)">Tempo coordinato</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tempo_proprio" title="Tempo proprio">Tempo proprio</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#dd9;">Biologia</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Cronobiologia" title="Cronobiologia">Cronobiologia</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ritmo_circadiano" title="Ritmo circadiano">Ritmi circadiani</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tempo_di_reazione" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempo di reazione">Tempo di reazione</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#dd9;">Sociologia e antropologia</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Cronemica" title="Cronemica">Cronemica</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Futurologia" title="Futurologia">Futurologia</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Long_Now_Foundation" title="Long Now Foundation">Long Now Foundation</a><b>&#160;·</b></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#dd9;">Scienze economiche</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempo_newtoniano_nelle_scienze_economiche&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tempo newtoniano nelle scienze economiche (la pagina non esiste)">Tempo newtoniano nelle scienze economiche</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valore_tempo_del_denaro&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Valore tempo del denaro (la pagina non esiste)">Valore tempo del denaro</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempo_bancario&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tempo bancario (la pagina non esiste)">Tempo bancario</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Banca_del_tempo" title="Banca del tempo">Banca del tempo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ora_legale" title="Ora legale">Ora legale</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#dd9;">Argomenti correlati</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Spazio_(fisica)" title="Spazio (fisica)">Spazio</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Durata" title="Durata">Durata</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Capsula_del_tempo" title="Capsula del tempo">Capsula del tempo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Viaggio_nel_tempo" title="Viaggio nel tempo">Viaggio nel tempo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Misura_(musica)" title="Misura (musica)">Misura (musica)</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempo_di_sistema&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tempo di sistema (la pagina non esiste)">Tempo di sistema</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tempo_metrico" title="Tempo metrico">Tempo metrico</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempo_esadecimale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tempo esadecimale (la pagina non esiste)">Tempo esadecimale</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Carpe_diem" title="Carpe diem">Carpe diem</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tempus_fugit" title="Tempus fugit">Tempus fugit</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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