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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="2A6cQPukDCcQ0nK5OBMIvyV6fGfJs7pR3HH8yBhP8si6vm8rGJo7eE2aPCLYRGy9JYa8WcwNQzI0VuQl2TZlLA" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Orthographical and Grammatical Peculiarities in the Hebrew Texts of Leviticus" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Viktor Golinets" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/17525097/Orthographical_and_Grammatical_Peculiarities_in_the_Hebrew_Texts_of_Leviticus" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Orthographical and Grammatical Peculiarities in the Hebrew Texts of Leviticus" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The book Leviticus in Hebrew is attested in three textual sources: in fragments from Qumran, in the Samaritan Pentateuch and in medieval Hebrew manuscripts. The text of this book features orthographic and grammatical peculiarities that sometimes are" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/923163/345130/17010689/s200_viktor.golinets.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/17525097/Orthographical_and_Grammatical_Peculiarities_in_the_Hebrew_Texts_of_Leviticus" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Orthographical and Grammatical Peculiarities in the Hebrew Texts of Leviticus" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The book Leviticus in Hebrew is attested in three textual sources: in fragments from Qumran, in the Samaritan Pentateuch and in medieval Hebrew manuscripts. The text of this book features orthographic and grammatical peculiarities that sometimes are" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://hfjs.academia.edu/ViktorGolinets" /> <meta name="description" content="The book Leviticus in Hebrew is attested in three textual sources: in fragments from Qumran, in the Samaritan Pentateuch and in medieval Hebrew manuscripts. The text of this book features orthographic and grammatical peculiarities that sometimes are" /> <title>(PDF) Orthographical and Grammatical Peculiarities in the Hebrew Texts of Leviticus</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/17525097/Orthographical_and_Grammatical_Peculiarities_in_the_Hebrew_Texts_of_Leviticus" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'f73ddb1f64547579c00ec5aef0f3a71e90663cca'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740525316000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740525316000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The book Leviticus in Hebrew is attested in three textual sources: in fragments from Qumran, in the Samaritan Pentateuch and in medieval Hebrew manuscripts. The text of this book features orthographic and grammatical peculiarities that sometimes are differently treated in these textual sources. A textual edition of this book would need to comment upon these peculiarities. Some of them turn up not only once in this book, and they also appear in other biblical books. This means that each of them should be treated in company with other features of the same type. This lecture investigates some types of textual features like variations in the consonantal orthography, in vocalisation or Dageschierung, presence or absence of the object particle and the article, interchange of prepositions and other.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Viktor Golinets","url":"https://hfjs.academia.edu/ViktorGolinets"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2015-10-30","dateModified":"2015-10-30","headline":"Orthographical and Grammatical Peculiarities in the Hebrew Texts of Leviticus","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39558406/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Leviticus","Old Testament Textual Criticism","Masoretic Studies","Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible"],"locationCreated":"Université Fribourg, Third International Colloquium of the Institute Dominique Barthélemy “The Text of Leviticus”","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"hfjs"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39558406/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17525097/Orthographical_and_Grammatical_Peculiarities_in_the_Hebrew_Texts_of_Leviticus"}</script><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: 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window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":17525097,"created_at":"2015-10-30T10:42:36.515-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-06-16T17:24:01.464-07:00","_data":{"abstract":"The book Leviticus in Hebrew is attested in three textual sources: in fragments from Qumran, in the Samaritan Pentateuch and in medieval Hebrew manuscripts. The text of this book features orthographic and grammatical peculiarities that sometimes are differently treated in these textual sources. A textual edition of this book would need to comment upon these peculiarities. Some of them turn up not only once in this book, and they also appear in other biblical books. This means that each of them should be treated in company with other features of the same type. This lecture investigates some types of textual features like variations in the consonantal orthography, in vocalisation or Dageschierung, presence or absence of the object particle and the article, interchange of prepositions and other.","location":"Université Fribourg, Third International Colloquium of the Institute Dominique Barthélemy “The Text of Leviticus”","event_date":"2015,10,8","organization":"Institute Dominique Barthélemy","publication_date":null,"conference_end_date":"2015,10,9","conference_start_date":"2015,10,8"},"document_type":"conference_presentation","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"low","language":"en","title":"Orthographical and Grammatical Peculiarities in the Hebrew Texts of Leviticus","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [923163]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":39558406,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Orthographical and Grammatical Peculiarities in the Hebrew Texts of Leviticus”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/39558406/mini_magick20190222-29395-i0es68.png?1550883704" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Orthographical and Grammatical Peculiarities in the Hebrew Texts of Leviticus</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="923163" href="https://hfjs.academia.edu/ViktorGolinets"><img alt="Profile image of Viktor Golinets" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/923163/345130/17010689/s65_viktor.golinets.jpg" />Viktor Golinets</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">2 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 17525097; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The book Leviticus in Hebrew is attested in three textual sources: in fragments from Qumran, in the Samaritan Pentateuch and in medieval Hebrew manuscripts. The text of this book features orthographic and grammatical peculiarities that sometimes are differently treated in these textual sources. A textual edition of this book would need to comment upon these peculiarities. Some of them turn up not only once in this book, and they also appear in other biblical books. This means that each of them should be treated in company with other features of the same type. This lecture investigates some types of textual features like variations in the consonantal orthography, in vocalisation or Dageschierung, presence or absence of the object particle and the article, interchange of prepositions and other.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":39558406,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/17525097/Orthographical_and_Grammatical_Peculiarities_in_the_Hebrew_Texts_of_Leviticus"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":39558406,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/17525097/Orthographical_and_Grammatical_Peculiarities_in_the_Hebrew_Texts_of_Leviticus"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-premium-marketing"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-premium-marketing"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="premium-banner-content" data-impression-entity-id="17525097" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="premium-banner-desktop"><div class="left"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><span>Get access to the world's latest research</span></div><div class="right"><div class="card free"><div class="header">Free</div><div class="feature-list"><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Download one paper at a time</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to bookmarks</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Basic search</span></div></div><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--small ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"premium-banner-desktop-free"}">Sign up for free</button></div><div class="card premium"><div class="pill">Recommended</div><div class="header premium">Premium</div><div class="feature-list"><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get highly curated PDF packages</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact with Mentions</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Access advanced search filters</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Support Academia’s mission</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Create your personal website</span></div></div><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--small ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"premium-banner-desktop-upgrade","submitText":"Try Premium for $1"}">Try Premium for $1</button></div></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Proceedings of the Third International Colloquium of the Dominique Barthélémy Institute, held in Fribourg (October 2015), ed. by Innocent Himbaza. Orbis Bib-licus et Orientalis 292. Publications of the Dominique Barthélémy Institute 3. Leu-ven/Paris/Bristol: Peeters., 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Book of Leviticus in Hebrew – as all other books of the Pentateuch – is attested in three textual sources: in fragments from Qumran, in the Samaritan Pentateuch, and in medieval Hebrew manuscripts. All of the above feature orthographical, grammatical and lexical peculiarities and variations. A critical edition of the Book of Leviticus needs to evaluate and to present these variations and peculiarities. Since many textual phenomena reoccur in this book and not in this book alone but in all Hebrew biblical and nonbiblical texts, a textual edition and a commentary have to consider all cases of one textual phenomenon in order not to offer ad hoc explanations. One main requirement of a textual edition is that the same textual phenomenon should be treated uniformly in all its attestations, as far as it to the purpose of the edition. This requirement holds for the editions of both the diplomatic and the eclectic type. In the case of the former, a phenomenon should be described uniformly in the apparatus, and in the case of the latter, a phenomenon should be uniformly presented in the main text and uniformly described in the apparatus. If the context demands a treatment different from other cases of the same phenomenon, then all pertinent attestations should be taken into consideration and evaluated, be it in the textual commentary or in a special case study. Ideally, all types of textual variants in all textual witnesses should be first evaluated, and a textual edition should be prepared after the description and evaluation of the variants has been carried out. There are also additional aspects that should be accounted for in an eclectic edition: to what extent could the text be reconstructed and what are the textual elements whose most ancient form cannot (yet) be determined due to the limitations of sources? This paper discusses orthographical, grammatical and lexical peculiarities in the Hebrew texts of the Book of Leviticus and ways of their treatment within textual editions. Even if not every feature discussed below bears on the reconstruction of the earliest inferable text, theoretical considerations about editorial techniques should include all types of textual variants. In the practical application, the hermeneutics of an edition will determine the types and the number of variants referred to. A diplomatic or eclectic edition of any type of the Masoretic text would include some other categories of textual variants than an edition aiming at reconstructing the earliest inferable text. At first, the features of the consonantal text will be examined, and afterwards the peculiarities of the Masoretic texts. Since the medieval manuscripts of the Tiberian Masoretic text type are the only source for the text of the complete Hebrew Bible, the textual variants from other sources are compared with the Masoretic text. As far as the consonantal text is concerned, the different types of Hebrew texts feature the same types of variants, and some of them are shared by ancient Bible translations. Additionally, the Masoretic texts exhibit their own peculiarities within the vocalisation and accentuation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Orthographical, Grammatical and Lexical Peculiarities in the Hebrew Texts of Leviticus: Considerations about Hebrew Bible Editing in the Light of the Linguistic Development of Hebrew.","attachmentId":65727390,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34631289/Orthographical_Grammatical_and_Lexical_Peculiarities_in_the_Hebrew_Texts_of_Leviticus_Considerations_about_Hebrew_Bible_Editing_in_the_Light_of_the_Linguistic_Development_of_Hebrew","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34631289/Orthographical_Grammatical_and_Lexical_Peculiarities_in_the_Hebrew_Texts_of_Leviticus_Considerations_about_Hebrew_Bible_Editing_in_the_Light_of_the_Linguistic_Development_of_Hebrew"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="104668285" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/104668285/Linguistic_and_Philological_Studies_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_and_its_Manuscripts_front_matter_Vincent_D_Beiler_and_Aaron_D_Rubin_eds">Linguistic and Philological Studies of the Hebrew Bible and its Manuscripts (front matter), Vincent D. Beiler and Aaron D. Rubin, eds.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8300590" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/VincentBeiler">Vincent D Beiler</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This volume honors the extraordinary scholarship of Prof. Gary A. Rendsburg, whose work and friendship have influenced so many in the last five decades. Twenty-five prominent scholars from the US, Europe, Israel, and Australia have contributed significant original studies in three of Rendsburg’s areas of interest and expertise: Hebrew language, Hebrew Bible, and Hebrew manuscripts. These linguistic, philological, literary, epigraphic, and historical approaches to the study of Hebrew and its textual traditions serve as a worthy tribute to such an accomplished scholar, and also as an illustration how all of these approaches can complement one another in the fields of Hebrew and Biblical Studies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Linguistic and Philological Studies of the Hebrew Bible and its Manuscripts (front matter), Vincent D. Beiler and Aaron D. Rubin, eds.","attachmentId":104357883,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104668285/Linguistic_and_Philological_Studies_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_and_its_Manuscripts_front_matter_Vincent_D_Beiler_and_Aaron_D_Rubin_eds","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/104668285/Linguistic_and_Philological_Studies_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_and_its_Manuscripts_front_matter_Vincent_D_Beiler_and_Aaron_D_Rubin_eds"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="91649805" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91649805/B7_Textual_Criticism_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_rev_and_exp_fourth_ed_Minneapolis_Fortress_2022_xlvi_524_pp_incl_78_tables_33_illustr_and_41_exercises_ISBN_9781506483481">B7***. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, rev and exp fourth ed (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2022). xlvi + 524 pp. (incl. 78 tables, 33 illustr, and 41 exercises). ISBN 9781506483481</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39991070" href="https://huji.academia.edu/EmanuelTov">Emanuel Tov</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"B7***. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, rev and exp fourth ed (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2022). xlvi + 524 pp. (incl. 78 tables, 33 illustr, and 41 exercises). ISBN 9781506483481","attachmentId":94877322,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91649805/B7_Textual_Criticism_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_rev_and_exp_fourth_ed_Minneapolis_Fortress_2022_xlvi_524_pp_incl_78_tables_33_illustr_and_41_exercises_ISBN_9781506483481","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91649805/B7_Textual_Criticism_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_rev_and_exp_fourth_ed_Minneapolis_Fortress_2022_xlvi_524_pp_incl_78_tables_33_illustr_and_41_exercises_ISBN_9781506483481"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="36564607" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36564607/Addendum_to_Intermediate_Biblical_Hebrew_Grammar_May_1_2018">Addendum to Intermediate Biblical Hebrew Grammar, May 1, 2018</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="234754" href="https://yale.academia.edu/EricReymond">Eric Reymond</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Unbeknownst to me while writing my intermediate grammar, the scholar Benjamin D. Suchard finished a dissertation at Leiden University (in September 2016) titled " The Development of the Biblical Hebrew Vowels. " Unfortunately, I only became aware of the dissertation after my manuscript was sent to the printer. Below, I have compiled a series of comments referring to Suchard's dissertation, oriented to the relevant place in my book.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Addendum to Intermediate Biblical Hebrew Grammar, May 1, 2018","attachmentId":56490339,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36564607/Addendum_to_Intermediate_Biblical_Hebrew_Grammar_May_1_2018","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36564607/Addendum_to_Intermediate_Biblical_Hebrew_Grammar_May_1_2018"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="86459770" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86459770/Leviticus_A_new_translation_with_commentary">Leviticus: A new translation with commentary</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="73811804" href="https://duke.academia.edu/WilliamWhitt">William Whitt</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Weatherford, TX: The Cutting Horse Press, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This translation of Leviticus completes my translation of the books of the Torah and follows a similar approach to my other translations. My priority was always to express the ideas in the text in the most natural way in English, and at the same time to capture the energy and rhythm of the original Hebrew. One unique aspect of all my translations is that they jettison the traditional chapter divisions and instead organize the material according to the Masoretic parashot. Organizing the text in this way, I believe, gets us closer to the ancient writers, and yields numerous insights into their composition approach. The commentary accompanying the translation focuses on issues of translation, language, and composition history. After the commentary I provide an essay that summarizes my (necessarily speculative) views on the composition history of Leviticus. In that essay, I assign each of the parashot to one of the five major compositional stages that I identify, which span a period of some 700 years, from the turn of the second millennium BCE to the late fourth century BCE. In my treatment of the composition history, I make a number of unusual proposals. Specifically, I argue (1) that the core of Leviticus consists of eleven ancient cult “rule books” from the northern kingdom and the province of Samaria, (2) that these ancient rule books were brought together with little change into a stand-alone document (a “proto-Leviticus”) by priests in Yahweh's cult at Mount Gerizim in the fifth century BCE, and (3) that this proto-Leviticus was included with the books of the Torah and supplemented and revised in the subsequent one-and-a-half centuries through the collaborative efforts of Yahweh's priesthoods in Mount Gerizim and Jerusalem, resulting in the version of Leviticus that we have today. For those who prefer physical copies of books, the print edition of this book is available at: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1733441581/</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Leviticus: A new translation with commentary","attachmentId":119856070,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86459770/Leviticus_A_new_translation_with_commentary","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86459770/Leviticus_A_new_translation_with_commentary"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="116848624" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/116848624/The_Formation_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_Full_Bibliography">The Formation of the Hebrew Bible: Full Bibliography</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25679648" href="https://utsnyc.academia.edu/DCarr">David Carr</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Formation of the Hebrew Bible: Full Bibliography","attachmentId":112864781,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116848624/The_Formation_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_Full_Bibliography","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/116848624/The_Formation_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_Full_Bibliography"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="28247123" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28247123/Biblical_Hebrew_Grammar_The_Historical_Foundation">Biblical Hebrew Grammar: The Historical Foundation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27345227" href="https://huji.academia.edu/AntonyHylton">Antony Hylton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Hebrew Bible has never been simple to understand. "What is written in the Torah how do you read it?" How to read the biblical text has been a problem since time immemorial, and the question: "How do you read it?" Seems as pertinent today as it ever was, the amoraim had a saying. "A text never departs from it simple meaning" and yet getting to that simple meaning seems such a complicated task. One medieval scholar who took seriously this adage was Ibn Janach. He in his determination to get to the simple (peshat) meaning of text was willing to raid and copy the learning of the Arabic Semitic culture around him. He copied, their methods imitated their rules (Maman, Comparative Semitic Philology in the Middle Ages, 2004, p. 10) and used their language to wrest out of the biblical text what he understood as its simple meaning, as its true meaning. His name is Rabbi Marwinas or Rabbi Ibn Janach and the culture he imitated was the Arabic one. Because he wrote in Arabic, he missed much of the credit he was perhaps due, but on the other hand he did not credit the Arab Grammarians, by name, who he imitated, with the credit they deserved and we had to wait almost a thousand years for Becker to reveal Ibn Janach's hidden sources . Perhaps as they were concealed so he was concealed. He did however credit his main Jewish source, R. David Hayyuj. This book is an attempt to look at what Ibn Janach contributed through the eyes of some English language scholars, and of course what he did not contribute.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Biblical Hebrew Grammar: The Historical Foundation","attachmentId":66744765,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28247123/Biblical_Hebrew_Grammar_The_Historical_Foundation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28247123/Biblical_Hebrew_Grammar_The_Historical_Foundation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="110992946" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/110992946/Lexical_Variation_in_the_Latin_text_of_the_Jewish_Greek_Bible">Lexical Variation in the Latin text of the Jewish Greek Bible</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2602815" href="https://birmingham.academia.edu/SimoneRickerby">Simone Rickerby</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This dissertation will examine whether there is lexical variation apparent in the Latin Version of the Jewish Greek Bible, and if so, what this variation can tell us about the history of the text this corpus. 1 Within scholarship dedicated to an examination of the textual tradition of the Latin Bible there has been a tacit assumption that an examination of the Latin Jewish Greek Bible may be approached using the same methods and suppositions as those used to elucidate the Latin New Testament text. While influence of the Latin New Testament on the Latin Jewish Greek Bible should be expected, and maybe even all consuming, this should not be the foundation from which we work. This thesis will examine the layers of variation apparent within the textual tradition of the Latin Jewish Greek Bible, whether within a single book or across books, and suggest a context for these variations independent of Latin New Testament textual theories. A detailed analysis of interesting vocabulary will be the basis for this study. Access to the Latin text of the books of the Jewish Greek Bible is facilitated by the Vetus Latina Database and the Beuron editions of the Old Latin Text. These resources will be key to informing our discussion of vocabulary in the Latin Jewish Greek Bible text. It is hoped that the results of this study will contribute to a more rounded understanding of the context of translation(s) and textual tradition(s) of the books of the Latin Jewish Greek Bible. It is also hoped that this study will encourage an appreciation of the wider textual context underlying and/or influencing the textual tradition of the Latin Jewish Greek Bible.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lexical Variation in the Latin text of the Jewish Greek Bible","attachmentId":108637222,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110992946/Lexical_Variation_in_the_Latin_text_of_the_Jewish_Greek_Bible","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/110992946/Lexical_Variation_in_the_Latin_text_of_the_Jewish_Greek_Bible"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="107386134" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/107386134/Additional_Notes_on_Leviticus">Additional Notes on Leviticus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25527545" href="https://covenantseminary.academia.edu/JaySklar">Jay Sklar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Additional Notes on Leviticus, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In the 800-page Leviticus ZECOT commentary, I focused on what MUST be said to understand the text. In the Additional Notes on Leviticus book, I focus on what else COULD be said. In these 220 pages you will find: • further interaction with the secondary literature, expanding on discussions in the commentary • even more detail on points of Hebrew grammar, from beginner to advanced • further bibliographical information. You can download a pdf for free here. For those wanting a hard copy, purchases may be made at Amazon.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Additional Notes on Leviticus","attachmentId":106066453,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107386134/Additional_Notes_on_Leviticus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/107386134/Additional_Notes_on_Leviticus"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="126295644" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126295644/The_Book_of_Leviticus_from_the_G%C3%B6zleve_Bible_A_Linguistic_Analysis_of_a_Crimean_Karaim_Bible_Translation">The Book of Leviticus from the Gözleve Bible: A Linguistic Analysis of a Crimean Karaim Bible Translation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47185412" href="https://u-szeged.academia.edu/MuratI%C5%9F%C4%B1k">Murat Işık</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Studien zur Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur der Turkvölker 37 (De Gruyter)), 2024</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Open Access. Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111391779 The status of Crimean Karaim, an extinct eastern dialect of Karaim, has long been a subject of debate among scholars. Some have labeled it a "ghost dialect," while others argue it assimilated into Crimean Tatar over time. The oldest written records of this dialect predominantly appear in Bible translations. The language of the corpus in this volume, specifically the Book of Leviticus from the so-called Gözleve Bible printed in 1841, is also identified as Crimean Karaim. Past research primarily analyzed the edition based on short fragments, often describing it as showing signs of Tatarization, and sometimes as being created based on Western Karaim manuscripts. This volume offers a comprehensive examination of the linguistic features of an understudied biblical book from this translation to address these claims, providing a transcription, translation, and a facsimile of the original text. The linguistic examinations, delving into phonology, morphology, morphophonology, syntax, morphosyntax, and lexicon, suggest that while the translation embodies the oldest traditions of Karaim Bible translations, it also reflects specific linguistic trends of its time, illustrating the nature of a mixed variant of Crimean Karaim.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Book of Leviticus from the Gözleve Bible: A Linguistic Analysis of a Crimean Karaim Bible Translation","attachmentId":120194897,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126295644/The_Book_of_Leviticus_from_the_G%C3%B6zleve_Bible_A_Linguistic_Analysis_of_a_Crimean_Karaim_Bible_Translation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126295644/The_Book_of_Leviticus_from_the_G%C3%B6zleve_Bible_A_Linguistic_Analysis_of_a_Crimean_Karaim_Bible_Translation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":39558406,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":39558406,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_39558406" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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Noonan</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25780150" href="https://macuniversity.academia.edu/JosiahPeeler">Josiah Peeler</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scottish Bulletin of Evangelical Theology, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Advances in the Study of Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic: New Insights for Reading the Old Testament by Benjamin J. 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(VTSup, 156; Leiden: Brill, 2013)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11162896" href="https://wels.academia.edu/KennethCherney">Kenneth Cherney</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Hebrew Scriptures, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review of Early Biblical Hebrew, Late Biblical Hebrew, and Linguistic Variability: A Sociolinguistic Evaluation of the Linguistic Dating of Biblical Texts (VTSup, 156; Leiden: Brill, 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James Barr, The Variable Spellings of the Hebrew Bible. in: JSS 35 (1990): 303–316. Revised version: Emanuel Tov, Hebrew Bible, Greek Bible, and Qumran (2008), 1¬–16.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39991070" href="https://huji.academia.edu/EmanuelTov">Emanuel Tov</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"R33*. James Barr, The Variable Spellings of the Hebrew Bible. in: JSS 35 (1990): 303–316. Revised version: Emanuel Tov, Hebrew Bible, Greek Bible, and Qumran (2008), 1¬–16.","attachmentId":49427484,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28982948/R33_James_Barr_The_Variable_Spellings_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_in_JSS_35_1990_303_316_Revised_version_Emanuel_Tov_Hebrew_Bible_Greek_Bible_and_Qumran_2008_1_16","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28982948/R33_James_Barr_The_Variable_Spellings_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_in_JSS_35_1990_303_316_Revised_version_Emanuel_Tov_Hebrew_Bible_Greek_Bible_and_Qumran_2008_1_16"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="28982956" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28982956/210_Textual_Harmonizations_in_the_Ancient_Texts_of_Deuteronomy_Revised_version_Emanuel_Tov_Hebrew_Bible_Greek_Bible_and_Qumran_2008_271_82">210*. “Textual Harmonizations in the Ancient Texts of Deuteronomy,” Revised version: Emanuel Tov, Hebrew Bible, Greek Bible, and Qumran (2008), 271–82.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39991070" href="https://huji.academia.edu/EmanuelTov">Emanuel Tov</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"210*. “Textual Harmonizations in the Ancient Texts of Deuteronomy,” Revised version: Emanuel Tov, Hebrew Bible, Greek Bible, and Qumran (2008), 271–82.","attachmentId":49427713,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28982956/210_Textual_Harmonizations_in_the_Ancient_Texts_of_Deuteronomy_Revised_version_Emanuel_Tov_Hebrew_Bible_Greek_Bible_and_Qumran_2008_271_82","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28982956/210_Textual_Harmonizations_in_the_Ancient_Texts_of_Deuteronomy_Revised_version_Emanuel_Tov_Hebrew_Bible_Greek_Bible_and_Qumran_2008_271_82"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="39245576" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39245576/206_Revised_version_Reflections_on_the_Many_Forms_of_Hebrew_Scripture_in_Light_of_the_LXX_and_4QReworked_Pentateuch_Emanuel_Tov_Textual_Criticism_Collected_Essays_Volume_3_2015_3_19">206*. Revised version (“Reflections on the Many Forms of Hebrew Scripture in Light of the LXX and 4QReworked Pentateuch”): Emanuel Tov, Textual Criticism … Collected Essays, Volume 3 (2015), 3–19</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39991070" href="https://huji.academia.edu/EmanuelTov">Emanuel Tov</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"206*. 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VII. Sade–Qoph [pp. 1-12, 59-70]</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2842856" href="https://sheffield.academia.edu/DavidClines">David Clines</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"•\tThe Dictionary of Classical Hebrew. VII. 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Hornkohl</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"New Perspectives in Biblical and Rabbinic Hebrew","attachmentId":95436388,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92423904/New_Perspectives_in_Biblical_and_Rabbinic_Hebrew","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92423904/New_Perspectives_in_Biblical_and_Rabbinic_Hebrew"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="79709757" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79709757/This_workshop_takes_place_as_part_of_Prof_Nili_Samets_research_project_Late_Biblical_Hebrew_Syntax_A_Comprehensive_Typology_and_Analysis">This workshop takes place as part of Prof. Nili Samet's research project: Late Biblical Hebrew Syntax: A Comprehensive Typology and Analysis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2396810" href="https://unior.academia.edu/MarilenaColasuonno">Maria Maddalena (Marilena) Colasuonno</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"This workshop takes place as part of Prof. Nili Samet's research project: Late Biblical Hebrew Syntax: A Comprehensive Typology and Analysis","attachmentId":86332219,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79709757/This_workshop_takes_place_as_part_of_Prof_Nili_Samets_research_project_Late_Biblical_Hebrew_Syntax_A_Comprehensive_Typology_and_Analysis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79709757/This_workshop_takes_place_as_part_of_Prof_Nili_Samets_research_project_Late_Biblical_Hebrew_Syntax_A_Comprehensive_Typology_and_Analysis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="6332907" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6332907/Zewi_Tamar_2013_Syntax_Biblical_Hebrew_In_Khan_G_ed_Encyclopedia_of_Hebrew_Language_and_Linguistics_III_Leiden_Brill_688_699">Zewi, Tamar. 2013. “Syntax, Biblical Hebrew.” In: Khan, G. ed. Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics III. Leiden: Brill: 688-699.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9672986" href="https://haifa.academia.edu/TamarZewi">Tamar Zewi תמר צבי</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Zewi, Tamar. 2013. “Syntax, Biblical Hebrew.” In: Khan, G. ed. Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics III. 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A. Lange)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="979592" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/AaronHornkohl">Aaron D . Hornkohl</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"[Pre-publication draft] Periodization (entry on Hebrew language in Textual History of the Hebrew Bible, ed. A. 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js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/427267/Hebrew_Bible_Insert_A_Student_s_Guide_to_the_Syntax_of_Biblical_Hebrew">Hebrew Bible Insert: A Student’s Guide to the Syntax of Biblical Hebrew</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="319648" href="https://eastern.academia.edu/FredPutnam">Fred Putnam</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Hebrew Bible Insert: A Student’s Guide to the Syntax of Biblical Hebrew","attachmentId":34293917,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/427267/Hebrew_Bible_Insert_A_Student_s_Guide_to_the_Syntax_of_Biblical_Hebrew","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" 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Light of Gesenius’ Dictionary,” in: Emanuel Tov, Textual Criticism … Collected Essays, Volume 3 (2015), 189–204</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39991070" href="https://huji.academia.edu/EmanuelTov">Emanuel Tov</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"247*. “Hebrew Lexicography and Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible in Light of Gesenius’ Dictionary,” in: Emanuel Tov, Textual Criticism … Collected Essays, Volume 3 (2015), 189–204","attachmentId":59473454,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39333643/247_Hebrew_Lexicography_and_Textual_Criticism_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_in_Light_of_Gesenius_Dictionary_in_Emanuel_Tov_Textual_Criticism_Collected_Essays_Volume_3_2015_189_204","alternativeTracking":true}"><span 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href="https://www.academia.edu/37860584/_Studies_on_the_Text_and_Versions_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_in_Honour_of_Robert_Gordon_eds_Geoffrey_Khan_and_Diana_Lipton_Leiden_Brill_2012_">*Studies on the Text and Versions of the Hebrew Bible in Honour of Robert Gordon*, eds. Geoffrey Khan and Diana Lipton (Leiden: Brill, 2012)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2635959" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/GeoffreyKhan">Geoffrey Khan</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"*Studies on the Text and Versions of the Hebrew Bible in Honour of Robert Gordon*, eds. 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Armin Lange et al.; FRLANT 230; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 2009), 11–28.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39991070" href="https://huji.academia.edu/EmanuelTov">Emanuel Tov</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"206. “The Many Forms of Hebrew Scripture: Reflections in Light of the LXX and 4QReworked Pentateuch,” in: From Qumran to Aleppo (eds. 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Craig A. Evans and Emanuel Tov (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2008), 31–56</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39991070" href="https://huji.academia.edu/EmanuelTov">Emanuel Tov</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"207. “The Septuagint as a Source for the Literary Analysis of Hebrew Scripture,” in Exploring the Origins of the Bible: Canon Formation in Historical, Literary, and Theological Perspective, ed. Craig A. Evans and Emanuel Tov (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2008), 31–56","attachmentId":55957066,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36069311/207_The_Septuagint_as_a_Source_for_the_Literary_Analysis_of_Hebrew_Scripture_in_Exploring_the_Origins_of_the_Bible_Canon_Formation_in_Historical_Literary_and_Theological_Perspective_ed_Craig_A_Evans_and_Emanuel_Tov_Grand_Rapids_Baker_Academic_2008_31_56","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36069311/207_The_Septuagint_as_a_Source_for_the_Literary_Analysis_of_Hebrew_Scripture_in_Exploring_the_Origins_of_the_Bible_Canon_Formation_in_Historical_Literary_and_Theological_Perspective_ed_Craig_A_Evans_and_Emanuel_Tov_Grand_Rapids_Baker_Academic_2008_31_56"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="41685" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leviticus">Leviticus</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="89654" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Testament_Textual_Criticism">Old Testament Textual Criticism</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="226556" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masoretic_Studies">Masoretic Studies</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="809243" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textual_Criticism_of_the_Hebrew_Bible">Textual Criticism of the Hebrew ...</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; 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