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class="mw-page-title-main">Strike zone</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikezone" title="Strikezone – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Strikezone" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strike_Zone" title="Strike Zone – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Strike Zone" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_de_strike" title="Zona de strike – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zona de strike" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_de_prises" title="Zone de prises – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zone de prises" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC_%EC%A1%B4" title="스트라이크 존 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스트라이크 존" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slagzone" title="Slagzone – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slagzone" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BE%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="ストライクゾーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ストライクゾーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strefa_strike%E2%80%99%C3%B3w" title="Strefa strike’ów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Strefa strike’ów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_de_strike" title="Zona de strike – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zona de strike" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strike_zone" title="Strike zone – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Strike zone" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Страјк зона – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Страјк зона" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikezonen" title="Strikezonen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Strikezonen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%BD%E7%90%83%E5%B8%B6" title="好球帶 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="好球帶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Target zone for a pitched baseball</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Strike_zone_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Strike zone (disambiguation)">Strike zone (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strike_zone_en.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Strike_zone_en.JPG/325px-Strike_zone_en.JPG" decoding="async" width="325" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Strike_zone_en.JPG/488px-Strike_zone_en.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Strike_zone_en.JPG/650px-Strike_zone_en.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1022" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A labelled drawing of the strike zone superimposed onto an image from a game, showing a <a href="/wiki/Baseball_rules#Batting_team" title="Baseball rules">batter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catcher" title="Catcher">catcher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Umpire_(baseball)" title="Umpire (baseball)">umpire</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Pitcher" title="Pitcher">pitcher</a> (not pictured) pitches a baseball to the catcher; the batter attempts to hit this baseball; and the umpire decides whether pitches are balls or strikes.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>, the <b>strike zone </b>is the area of space through which a <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(baseball)" title="Pitch (baseball)">pitch</a> must pass in order to be called a strike even if the batter does not swing. The strike zone is defined as the volume of space above <a href="/wiki/Baseball_field#Home_base" title="Baseball field">home plate</a> and between the batter's knees and the midpoint of their <a href="/wiki/Torso" title="Torso">torso</a>. Whether a pitch passes through the zone is decided by an umpire, who is generally positioned behind the catcher. </p><p>Strikes are desirable for the pitcher and the <a href="/wiki/Baseball_rules#Fielding_team" title="Baseball rules">fielding team</a>, as three strikes result in a <a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">strikeout</a> of that batter. A pitch that misses the strike zone is called a <a href="/wiki/Baseball_rules#Batting" title="Baseball rules">ball</a> if the batter does not swing at it. Balls are desirable for the <a href="/wiki/Batting_(baseball)" title="Batting (baseball)">batter</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Baseball_rules#Batting_team" title="Baseball rules">batting team</a>, as four balls allow the batter to take a "walk" to first base as a <a href="/wiki/Base_on_balls" title="Base on balls">base on balls</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Umpire_catcher_strike_zone_-_Tokyo_-_2024_April_21.webm/220px--Umpire_catcher_strike_zone_-_Tokyo_-_2024_April_21.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="21" data-mwtitle="Umpire_catcher_strike_zone_-_Tokyo_-_2024_April_21.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Umpire_catcher_strike_zone_-_Tokyo_-_2024_April_21.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/Umpire_catcher_strike_zone_-_Tokyo_-_2024_April_21.webm/Umpire_catcher_strike_zone_-_Tokyo_-_2024_April_21.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/Umpire_catcher_strike_zone_-_Tokyo_-_2024_April_21.webm/Umpire_catcher_strike_zone_-_Tokyo_-_2024_April_21.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/Umpire_catcher_strike_zone_-_Tokyo_-_2024_April_21.webm/Umpire_catcher_strike_zone_-_Tokyo_-_2024_April_21.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Umpire_catcher_strike_zone_-_Tokyo_-_2024_April_21.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="3840" data-height="2160" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/Umpire_catcher_strike_zone_-_Tokyo_-_2024_April_21.webm/Umpire_catcher_strike_zone_-_Tokyo_-_2024_April_21.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/Umpire_catcher_strike_zone_-_Tokyo_-_2024_April_21.webm/Umpire_catcher_strike_zone_-_Tokyo_-_2024_April_21.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/Umpire_catcher_strike_zone_-_Tokyo_-_2024_April_21.webm/Umpire_catcher_strike_zone_-_Tokyo_-_2024_April_21.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Batting_(baseball)" title="Batting (baseball)">batter</a> gets a strike in Japan, 2024</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strike_zone&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The strike zone is a volume of space, a vertical right pentagonal prism. Its sides are vertical planes extending up from the edges of <a href="/wiki/Home_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Home plate">home plate</a>. The official rules of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>, define the top of the strike zone as the midpoint between the top of the batter's <a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">shoulders</a> and the top of the uniform pants, and the bottom of the strike zone is at the hollow beneath the <a href="/wiki/Kneecap" class="mw-redirect" title="Kneecap">kneecap</a>, both determined from the batter's stance as the batter is prepared to swing at the pitched ball, although the <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> enforced strike zone can vary based on the umpire's perspective. The official rules define a pitch as a strike "if any part of the ball passes through any part of the strike zone", with the ball required to <a href="/wiki/In_flight" title="In flight">have not bounced</a>. Thus, a pitch that touches the outer boundary of the zone is as much a strike as a pitch that is thrown right down the center. A pitch passing outside the front of the strike zone but curving so as to enter this volume farther back (without being hit) is sometimes called a "back-door strike". Various other rulebooks for baseball and <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">softball</a> define the strike zone slightly differently. </p><p>A pitch is also a strike if the batter swings or offers the bat in an attempt to hit the pitch. A pitch batted into foul territory—a <a href="/wiki/Foul_ball" title="Foul ball">foul ball</a>—is also a strike, unless the batter already has two strikes. Any pitch not called a strike, swung on and missed, or fouled-off, is a "ball" (originally "no ball"). </p><p>A batter who accumulates three strikes in a single batting appearance has <a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">struck out</a> and is ruled <a href="/wiki/Out_(baseball)" title="Out (baseball)">out</a> (with the exception of an <a href="/wiki/Uncaught_third_strike" title="Uncaught third strike">uncaught third strike</a>); a batter who accumulates four balls in a single appearance has drawn a <a href="/wiki/Base_on_balls" title="Base on balls">base on balls</a> (or <i>walk</i>) and is awarded advancement to <a href="/wiki/First_base" class="mw-redirect" title="First base">first base</a>. In very early iterations of the rules during the 19th century, it took up to nine balls for a batter to earn a walk; however, to make up for this, the batter could request the ball to be pitched high, low, or medium.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strike_zone&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally, the word "strike" was used literally: the batter <i>striking</i> at the ball in an effort to hit it. For example, the 11th rule of the <a href="/wiki/Knickerbocker_Rules" title="Knickerbocker Rules">Knickerbocker Rules</a> (1845) read "Three balls being struck at and missed and the last one caught, is a hand-out." There was no adverse consequence if the batter chose not to swing, i.e. the called strike did not exist, the result being batters prepared to wait all day for "their" pitch. It was not until the 1858 <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Base_Ball_Players" title="National Association of Base Ball Players">NABBP</a> convention that a rule was adopted authorizing the umpire to impose a penalty strike for such conduct: "Should a striker stand at the bat without striking at good balls repeatedly pitched to him, for the purpose of delaying the game or of giving advantage to a player, the umpire, after warning him, shall call one strike, and if he persists in such action, two and three strikes. When three strikes are called, he shall be subject to the same rules as if he had struck at three balls."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The called ball first appeared in the rules of 1863, similarly as a discretionary penalty imposed on the pitcher for persistently delivering "unfair" balls.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whether or not a pitch was "unfair" or the batter was being unreasonably picky was left entirely to the umpire's judgment. Well into the 1870s, umpires were reluctant to make such calls,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since they were viewed as penalties for unsportsmanlike play; but by the 1880s they had become routine, and the modern view took hold, that every pitch results in either a swing, a ball or a called strike. The first rule leading to the creation of a defined strike <i>zone</i> was enacted by the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_(19th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Association (19th century)">American Association</a> before the 1886 season. As explained in <i><a href="/wiki/Sporting_Life_(American_newspaper)" title="Sporting Life (American newspaper)">The Sporting Life</a></i> on March 17, 1886, "the ball must be delivered at the height called for by the batsman. If at such height it passes over any part of the <a href="/wiki/Home_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Home plate">plate</a> then it is a strike. The idea is to give the pitcher a chance against some cranky umpires who compelled the twirlers to almost cut the plate in two before a strike would be called, even if the height was right."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> created the full strike zone, eliminating the batter's right to call the height of the pitch, and instead requiring the umpire to call a strike on any pitch that "passes over home plate not lower than the batsman's knee, nor higher than his shoulders."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major League Baseball has occasionally redefined the strike zone to control the balance of power between pitchers and hitters.<sup id="cite_ref-1968:_Year_of_the_Pitcher_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1968:_Year_of_the_Pitcher-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the record home run year by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Maris" title="Roger Maris">Roger Maris</a> in <a href="/wiki/1961_in_baseball" title="1961 in baseball">1961</a>, the major leagues increased the size of the strike zone by raising the top of the zone from the batter's armpit to the top of his shoulder.<sup id="cite_ref-mlb_strike_zone_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlb_strike_zone-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/1968_in_baseball" title="1968 in baseball">1968</a>, pitchers such as <a href="/wiki/Denny_McLain" title="Denny McLain">Denny McLain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Gibson" title="Bob Gibson">Bob Gibson</a> dominated hitters, producing 339 <a href="/wiki/Shutout" title="Shutout">shutouts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1968:_Year_of_the_Pitcher_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1968:_Year_of_the_Pitcher-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Yastrzemski" title="Carl Yastrzemski">Carl Yastrzemski</a> was the only <a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a> hitter to finish the season with a <a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)" title="Batting average (baseball)">batting average</a> higher than .300.<sup id="cite_ref-1968:_Year_of_the_Pitcher_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1968:_Year_of_the_Pitcher-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a>, Gibson posted a 1.12 earned run average, the lowest in 54 years, while <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a> pitcher <a href="/wiki/Don_Drysdale" title="Don Drysdale">Don Drysdale</a> threw a record 58⅔ consecutive scoreless innings during the 1968 season.<sup id="cite_ref-1968:_Year_of_the_Pitcher_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1968:_Year_of_the_Pitcher-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the dropping offensive statistics, Major League Baseball reduced pitchers' advantage by lowering the height of the mound from 15 inches to 10 inches, and by reducing the size of the strike zone for the <a href="/wiki/1969_in_baseball" title="1969 in baseball">1969</a> season to extend only from the batter's armpits to the top of the knees.<sup id="cite_ref-mlb_strike_zone_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlb_strike_zone-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1985, the top of the strike zone was lowered to the midpoint of the batter's torso, as viewed from a vertical angle by the umpire.<sup id="cite_ref-mlb_strike_zone_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlb_strike_zone-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enforcement">Enforcement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strike_zone&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Enforcement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barry_Bonds_strike.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Barry_Bonds_strike.jpg/220px-Barry_Bonds_strike.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Barry_Bonds_strike.jpg/330px-Barry_Bonds_strike.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Barry_Bonds_strike.jpg/440px-Barry_Bonds_strike.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>An umpire calling a strike on <a href="/wiki/Barry_Bonds" title="Barry Bonds">Barry Bonds</a> (#25)</figcaption></figure> <p>While baseball rules provide a precise definition for the strike zone, in practice, it is up to the judgment of the <a href="/wiki/Umpire_(baseball)" title="Umpire (baseball)">umpire</a> to decide whether the pitch passed through the zone. </p><p>The Official Baseball Rules (Rule 8.02(a), including Comment) state that objections to judgment calls on the field, including balls and strikes, shall not be tolerated, and that any manager, coach, or player who leaves his dugout or field position to contest a judgment call will first be warned, and then ejected.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many umpires, players and analysts, including the authors of a University of Nebraska study on the subject,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> believe that due to the <a href="/wiki/QuesTec" title="QuesTec">QuesTec</a> pitch-tracking system, the enforced strike zone in 2002–2006 was larger compared to the zone in 1996–2000 and thus closer to the rulebook definition. Some commentators believed that the zone had changed so much that some pitchers, such as <a href="/wiki/Tom_Glavine" title="Tom Glavine">Tom Glavine</a>, had to radically adjust their approach to pitching for strikes.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, a frustrated <a href="/wiki/Curt_Schilling" title="Curt Schilling">Curt Schilling</a> took a baseball bat to a QuesTec camera and destroyed it after a loss, saying the umpires shouldn't be changing the strike zone to match the machines.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, a new system called Zone Evaluation was implemented in all 30 Major League ballparks, replacing the QuesTec system; the new system records the ball's position in flight more than 20 times before it reaches home plate.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the early resistance from Major League umpires to QuesTec had diminished and the implementation of the new Zone Evaluation system in all the parks went largely unmentioned to fans. Like the old system, the new system will be used to grade umpires on accuracy and used to determine which umpires receive postseason assignments, but games themselves are still subject to their error.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2022, <a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor League Baseball</a> has been testing an automated-balls-and-strikes system on an experimental basis for several seasons. While the umpire continues to call balls and strikes, an automated system determines the strike zone and could be used when a team challenged the umpire's call. Major League Baseball commissioner <a href="/wiki/Rob_Manfred" title="Rob Manfred">Rob Manfred</a> said in October 2022 that this method would eventually be used in Major League games. ESPN reported that all <a href="/wiki/Triple-A_(baseball)" title="Triple-A (baseball)">AAA</a> games would use the method in the 2023 season.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For 2023, the system was used for half of all games, with the other half using umpires, with ABS used for up to three challenges per team for each game.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strike_zone&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span 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href="/w/index.php?title=Strike_zone&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/mlb-strike-zone-2014-9">"What An MLB Strike Zone Really Looks Like And Why Players Are Always So Mad About It"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=What+An+MLB+Strike+Zone+Really+Looks+Like+And+Why+Players+Are+Always+So+Mad+About+It&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fmlb-strike-zone-2014-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrike+zone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://protoball.org/1858_NABBP_Rules">"1858 NABBP Rules – Protoball"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1858+NABBP+Rules+%E2%80%93+Protoball&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprotoball.org%2F1858_NABBP_Rules&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrike+zone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Should the pitcher repeatedly fail to deliver to the striker fair balls, for the apparent purpose of delaying the game, or for any other cause, the umpire, after warning him, shall call one ball, and if the pitcher persists in such action, two and three balls; when three balls shall have been called, the striker shall be entitled to the first base; and should any base be occupied at that time, each player occupying them shall be entitled to one base without being put out." <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://protoball.org/1863_NABBP_Rules">https://protoball.org/1863_NABBP_Rules</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In [calling balls] on pitchers, the rule to be observed this season by leading umpires will be as follows: When the game commences, the umpire, after making such allowance for accidental unfair delivery as the circumstances will justify, will without appeal call “ball to the bat,” after which notice should the pitcher fail “repeatedly”, viz., twice or three times to deliver a fair ball, then the umpire will call “one ball;” and if the pitcher persists in such action, that is, delivers one or two unfair balls directly after such warning and calling of one ball, two and three balls are to be called, and the player given his base. Less latitude will be allowed in this matter than was permitted last season, and the practice of taking the opinion of the two nines or their captains as to the degree of latitude to be observed in making allowance for unfair balls is to be entirely done away with." <i>New York Clipper</i>, March 25, 1865</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"A Definition", in <i>The Sporting Life</i>, Wednesday, March 17, 1886, p. 1, col. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-almanac.com/articles/strike_zone_rules_history.shtml">"The Strike Zone: A History of Official Strike Zone Rules by Baseball Almanac"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Strike+Zone%3A+A+History+of+Official+Strike+Zone+Rules+by+Baseball+Almanac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-almanac.com%2Farticles%2Fstrike_zone_rules_history.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrike+zone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1968:_Year_of_the_Pitcher-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1968:_Year_of_the_Pitcher_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1968:_Year_of_the_Pitcher_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1968:_Year_of_the_Pitcher_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1968:_Year_of_the_Pitcher_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111224181907/http://www.thisgreatgame.com/1968.html">"1968: Year of the Pitcher"</a>. thisgreatgame.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisgreatgame.com/1968.html">the original</a> on 24 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1968%3A+Year+of+the+Pitcher&rft.pub=thisgreatgame.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisgreatgame.com%2F1968.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrike+zone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mlb_strike_zone-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mlb_strike_zone_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mlb_strike_zone_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mlb_strike_zone_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/glossary/rules/strike-zone">"Strike Zone"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>. January 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Strike+Zone&rft.date=2024-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fglossary%2Frules%2Fstrike-zone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrike+zone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AxpLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4SINAAAAIBAJ&pg=7088,849307&dq=1962+strike+zone&hl=en">"Expanded strike zone unveiled"</a>. <i>The Press-Courier</i>. Associated Press. 8 March 1963. p. 9<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press-Courier&rft.atitle=Expanded+strike+zone+unveiled&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1963-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DAxpLAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3D4SINAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D7088%2C849307%26dq%3D1962%2Bstrike%2Bzone%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrike+zone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LWNFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KbwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5404,1728619&dq=denny+mclain+pitching+mound&hl=en">"McLain Says Lower Mound Will Take Toll of Pitchers"</a>. <i>The Telegraph-Herald</i>. Associated Press. 14 January 1969. p. 13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph-Herald&rft.atitle=McLain+Says+Lower+Mound+Will+Take+Toll+of+Pitchers&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1969-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DLWNFAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DKbwMAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5404%2C1728619%26dq%3Ddenny%2Bmclain%2Bpitching%2Bmound%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrike+zone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/documents/0/8/0/268272080/2018_Official_Baseball_Rules.pdf">"Official Baseball Rules, 2018"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Major League Baseball<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Baseball+Rules%2C+2018&rft.pub=Major+League+Baseball&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlb.mlb.com%2Fdocuments%2F0%2F8%2F0%2F268272080%2F2018_Official_Baseball_Rules.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrike+zone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/528743/">Newswise Social and Behavioral Sciences News | Larger Strike Zone, Drug Testing Reduced Hitting in Baseball Since 2000</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.covers.com/articles/articles.aspx?theArt=135777&t=0">Umpires and totals: Men behind the mask occasionally steal the show</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030804043833/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/baseball/news/2003/06/02/schilling_fined_ap/">D'backs' Schilling fined for destroying QuesTec camera</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/01/sports/baseball/01umpires.html?_r=3&ref=sports%7CBall-Strike">Monitor May Reopen Wounds</a>, an April 2009 article from <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.startribune.com/sports/twins/42435022.html?page=2&c=y%7CBaseball">Preview 2009: The umpires' arbiter</a> from an April 2009 <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Tribune">Star Tribune</a></i> article</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph2022" class="citation news cs1">Joseph, Andrew (2022-10-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ftw/2022/10/10/mlb-rob-manfred-automatic-strike-zone/10462411002/">"Rob Manfred confirms automated strike zone is coming to MLB 'in one form or another'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Rob+Manfred+confirms+automated+strike+zone+is+coming+to+MLB+%27in+one+form+or+another%27&rft.date=2022-10-10&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fsports%2Fftw%2F2022%2F10%2F10%2Fmlb-rob-manfred-automatic-strike-zone%2F10462411002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrike+zone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZietlow2023" class="citation news cs1">Zietlow, Alex (2023-01-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.charlotteobserver.com/sports/mlb/charlotte-knights/article271146907.html">"It worked for Charlotte Knights. Now electronic strike zone will be in all AAA baseball"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Charlotte_Observer" title="The Charlotte Observer">The Charlotte Observer</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Charlotte+Observer&rft.atitle=It+worked+for+Charlotte+Knights.+Now+electronic+strike+zone+will+be+in+all+AAA+baseball&rft.date=2023-01-13&rft.aulast=Zietlow&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.charlotteobserver.com%2Fsports%2Fmlb%2Fcharlotte-knights%2Farticle271146907.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrike+zone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEffress2023" class="citation news cs1">Effress, Sarah (2023-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.charlotteobserver.com/sports/article276608021.html">"Automated umpire system earns high marks from Charlotte Knights"</a>. <i>The Charlotte Observer</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Charlotte+Observer&rft.atitle=Automated+umpire+system+earns+high+marks+from+Charlotte+Knights&rft.date=2023-07-01&rft.aulast=Effress&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.charlotteobserver.com%2Fsports%2Farticle276608021.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrike+zone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strike_zone&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGammons1987" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gammons" title="Peter Gammons">Gammons, Peter</a> (April 6, 1987). "What Ever Happened to the Strike Zone?". <i>Sports Illustrated</i>. Vol. 66, no. 14. pp. 36–40, 45–46.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=What+Ever+Happened+to+the+Strike+Zone%3F&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=36-40%2C+45-46&rft.date=1987-04-06&rft.aulast=Gammons&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrike+zone" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strike_zone&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sptimes.com/News/022701/Sports/Baseball_adapts_to_a_.shtml">2001 Changes in Strike Zone</a> <i><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Times">St. Petersburg Times</a></i> article.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/mlb/official_info/umpires/rules_interest.jsp">Strike Zone</a> MLB website.</li> <li>John Walsh, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hardballtimes.com/main/article/strike-zone-fact-vs-fiction">"Strike Zone: Fact vs. Fiction"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hardball_Times" title="The Hardball Times">The Hardball Times</a></i>, July 11, 2007</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseball-almanac.com/articles/strike_zone_rules_history.shtml">The Strike Zone: A Chronological Examination of the Official Rules</a> baseball-almanac</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Baseball" title="Template:Baseball"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Baseball" title="Template talk:Baseball"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Baseball_and_softball_concepts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">softball</a> concepts</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_baseball" title="Outline of baseball">Outline</a></b> · <b><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_baseball_terms" title="Glossary of baseball terms">Glossary</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_rules" title="Baseball rules">Rules of baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejection_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ejection (baseball)">Ejections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_rules" title="Ground rules">Ground rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_fly_rule" title="Infield fly rule">Infield fly rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_flight" title="In flight">In flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(baseball)" title="Interference (baseball)">Interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_clock" title="Pitch clock">Pitch clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protested_game" title="Protested game">Protested game</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strike zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspended_game" title="Suspended game">Suspended game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unwritten_rules_of_baseball" title="Unwritten rules of baseball">Unwritten rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_baseball" title="Cheating in baseball">Cheating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_baseball_and_softball" title="Comparison of baseball and softball">Comparison of baseball and softball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fastpitch_softball" title="Fastpitch softball">fastpitch softball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-inch_softball" title="16-inch softball">16-inch softball</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ballpark" title="Ballpark">Ballpark</a>/<a href="/wiki/Baseball_field" title="Baseball field">field</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backstop_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Backstop (baseball)">Backstop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_field" title="Baseball field">Baseball diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batter%27s_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Batter's box">Batter's box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batter%27s_eye" title="Batter's eye">Batter's eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullpen" title="Bullpen">Bullpen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(baseball)" title="Dugout (baseball)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_pole" class="mw-redirect" title="Foul pole">Foul pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_ball" title="Foul ball">Foul territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield" title="Infield">Infield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-deck" title="On-deck">On-deck circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outfield" title="Outfield">Outfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warning_track" title="Warning track">Warning track</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baseball_clothing_and_equipment" title="Baseball clothing and equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_(ball)" title="Baseball (ball)">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_bat" title="Baseball bat">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_cage" title="Batting cage">Batting cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_glove" title="Batting glove">Batting glove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_helmet" title="Batting helmet">Batting helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_cap" title="Baseball cap">Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_doughnut" title="Baseball doughnut">Doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_glove" title="Baseball glove">Glove (defense)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitching_machine" title="Pitching machine">Pitching machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jockstrap#Protective_cup" title="Jockstrap">Protective cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_guard" title="Shin guard">Shin guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_stirrups" title="Baseball stirrups">Stirrups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_uniform" title="Baseball uniform">Uniform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_number_(Major_League_Baseball)" title="Uniform number (Major League Baseball)">Uniform number</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Game process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batting_order_(baseball)" title="Batting order (baseball)">Batting order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inning" title="Inning">Innings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extra_innings" title="Extra innings">extra innings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_(baseball)" title="Out (baseball)">Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_positions" title="Baseball positions">Positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run_(baseball)" title="Run (baseball)">Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_of_play" title="Pace of play">Pace of play</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Batting_(baseball)" title="Batting (baseball)">Batting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At_bat" title="At bat">At bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_chop" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore chop">Baltimore chop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_flip" title="Bat flip">Bat flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batted_ball" title="Batted ball">Batted ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_(baseball)" title="Count (baseball)">Batting count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_out_of_turn" title="Batting out of turn">Batting out of order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunt_(baseball)" title="Bunt (baseball)">Bunt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_bunt" title="Sacrifice bunt">sacrifice bunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slap_bunt" title="Slap bunt">slap bunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_play_(baseball)" title="Squeeze play (baseball)">squeeze play</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charging_the_mound" title="Charging the mound">Charging the mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checked_swing" title="Checked swing">Checked swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanup_hitter" title="Cleanup hitter">Cleanup hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designated_hitter" title="Designated hitter">Designated hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_(baseball)" title="Double (baseball)">Double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_switch_(baseball)" title="Double switch (baseball)">Double switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_ball" title="Foul ball">Foul ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_tip" title="Foul tip">Foul tip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_sombrero" title="Golden sombrero">Golden sombrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_rule_double" title="Ground rule double">Ground rule double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat-trick#Baseball" title="Hat-trick">Hat trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_(baseball)" title="Hit (baseball)">Hit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_and_run_(baseball)" title="Hit and run (baseball)">Hit and run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_by_pitch" title="Hit by pitch">Hit by pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitting_for_the_cycle" title="Hitting for the cycle">Hitting for the cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_run" title="Home run">Home run</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_slam_(baseball)" title="Grand slam (baseball)">Grand slam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside-the-park_home_run" title="Inside-the-park home run">Inside-the-park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk-off_home_run" title="Walk-off home run">Walk-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshot_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moonshot (baseball)">Moonshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_home_run" title="Chinese home run">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_hit" title="Infield hit">Infield hit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadoff_hitter" title="Leadoff hitter">Leadoff hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefty-righty_switch" title="Lefty-righty switch">Lefty-righty switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Line drive">Line drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendoza_Line" title="Mendoza Line">Mendoza Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-deck" title="On-deck">On-deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plate_appearance" title="Plate appearance">Plate appearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platoon_system" title="Platoon system">Platoon system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pull_hitter" title="Pull hitter">Pull hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_fly" title="Sacrifice fly">Sacrifice fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_(baseball)" title="Single (baseball)">Single</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">Strikeout</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strike zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_spot_(sports)" title="Sweet spot (sports)">Sweet spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switch_hitter" title="Switch hitter">Switch hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_(baseball)" title="Triple (baseball)">Triple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_on_balls" title="Base on balls">Walk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(baseball)" title="Pitch (baseball)">Pitching</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(softball)" title="Pitch (softball)">(softball)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balk" title="Balk">Balk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beanball" title="Beanball">Beanball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaking_ball" title="Breaking ball">Breaking ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brushback_pitch" title="Brushback pitch">Brushback pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changeup" title="Changeup">Changeup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_changeup" title="Vulcan changeup">Vulcan changeup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curveball" title="Curveball">Curveball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eephus_pitch" title="Eephus pitch">Eephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emery_ball" title="Emery ball">Emery ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastball" title="Fastball">Fastball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-seam_fastball" title="Two-seam fastball">two-seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-seam_fastball" title="Four-seam fastball">four-seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_fastball" title="Cut fastball">cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinker_(pitch)" title="Sinker (pitch)">sinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split-finger_fastball" title="Split-finger fastball">split-finger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_count" class="mw-redirect" title="Full count">Full count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_pitchers_who_have_thrown_an_immaculate_inning" title="List of Major League Baseball pitchers who have thrown an immaculate inning">Immaculate inning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_pitching" title="Inside pitching">Inside pitching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_balk" title="Intentional balk">Intentional balk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_base_on_balls" title="Intentional base on balls">Intentional walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuckleball" title="Knuckleball">Knuckleball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maddux_(statistic)" title="Maddux (statistic)">Maddux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-hitter" title="No-hitter">No-hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_game_(baseball)" title="Perfect game (baseball)">Perfect game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickoff" title="Pickoff">Pickoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_count" title="Pitch count">Pitch count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitching_position" title="Pitching position">Pitching position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitchout" title="Pitchout">Pitchout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_pitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Quick pitch">Quick pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball" title="Screwball">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutout_(baseball)" title="Shutout (baseball)">Shutout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slider_(pitch)" title="Slider (pitch)">Slider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitball" title="Spitball">Spitball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">Strikeout</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strike zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_out_the_side" title="Striking out the side">Striking out the side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switch_pitcher" title="Switch pitcher">Switch pitcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_of_pitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Time of pitch">Time of pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_pitch" title="Wild pitch">Wild pitch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Base_running" title="Base running">Base running</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balk" title="Balk">Balk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bases_loaded" class="mw-redirect" title="Bases loaded">Bases loaded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caught_stealing" title="Caught stealing">Caught stealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_and_run_(baseball)" title="Hit and run (baseball)">Hit and run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_off" title="Lead off">Lead off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_on_base" class="mw-redirect" title="Left on base">Left on base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstruction_(baseball)" title="Obstruction (baseball)">Obstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundown" title="Rundown">Rundown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_(baseball)" title="Safe (baseball)">Safe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoring_position" title="Scoring position">Scoring position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_(baseball)" title="Slide (baseball)">Slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_ball_(baseball)" title="Small ball (baseball)">Small ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_play_(baseball)" title="Squeeze play (baseball)">Squeeze play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_base" title="Stolen base">Stolen base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_up" title="Tag up">Tag up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_goes_to_the_runner" title="Tie goes to the runner">Tie goes to the runner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fielding<br /><a href="/wiki/Baseball_positioning" title="Baseball positioning">(positioning)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_play" title="Appeal play">Appeal play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assist_(baseball)" title="Assist (baseball)">Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_the_plate" title="Blocking the plate">Blocking the plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_(baseball)" title="Catch (baseball)">Catch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caught_stealing" title="Caught stealing">Caught stealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covering_a_base" title="Covering a base">Covering a base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_indifference" class="mw-redirect" title="Defensive indifference">Defensive indifference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_play" title="Double play">Double play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Error_(baseball)" title="Error (baseball)">Error</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fielder%27s_choice" title="Fielder's choice">Fielder's choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_infielder" title="Fifth infielder">Fifth infielder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_play" title="Force play">Force play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_out" title="Fourth out">Fourth out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_ball_trick" title="Hidden ball trick">Hidden ball trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-between_hop" title="In-between hop">In-between hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_fly_rule" title="Infield fly rule">Infield fly rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_shift" title="Infield shift">Infield shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(baseball)" title="Interference (baseball)">Interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhood_play" title="Neighborhood play">Neighborhood play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passed_ball" title="Passed ball">Passed ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickoff" title="Pickoff">Pickoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putout" title="Putout">Putout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundown" title="Rundown">Rundown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_out" title="Tag out">Tag out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_play" title="Triple play">Triple play</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unassisted_triple_play" title="Unassisted triple play">unassisted</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncaught_third_strike" title="Uncaught third strike">Uncaught third strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_climb" title="Wall climb">Wall climb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_play" title="Wheel play">Wheel play</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_card" title="Baseball card">Baseball card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_statistics" title="Baseball statistics">Baseball statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench_jockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Bench jockey">Bench jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench-clearing_brawl" title="Bench-clearing brawl">Bench-clearing brawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_ball#Baseball" title="Dead ball">Dead ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubleheader_(baseball)" title="Doubleheader (baseball)">Doubleheader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_baseball_terms" title="Glossary of baseball terms">Jargon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injured_list" title="Injured list">Injured list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_baseball_films" title="List of baseball films">List of baseball films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper_(baseball)" title="Pepper (baseball)">Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_scorekeeping" title="Baseball scorekeeping">Scorekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Series_(baseball)" title="Series (baseball)">Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-inning_stretch" title="Seventh-inning stretch">Seventh-inning stretch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shagging_(baseball)" title="Shagging (baseball)">Shagging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_stealing" title="Sign stealing">Sign stealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slump_(sports)" title="Slump (sports)">Slump</a></li> <li>Streak <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Losing_streak#Baseball" title="Losing streak">losing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winning_streak#Baseball" title="Winning streak">winning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variations_of_baseball" title="Variations of baseball">Variations of baseball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Baseball" title="Category:Baseball">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Baseball" title="Portal:Baseball">Portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Baseball" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Baseball">WikiProject</a></b></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Baseball_pitches" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Baseball_pitches" title="Template:Baseball pitches"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Baseball_pitches" title="Template talk:Baseball pitches"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball_pitches" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball pitches"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Baseball_pitches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(baseball)" title="Pitch (baseball)">Baseball pitches</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fastball" title="Fastball">Fastballs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cut_fastball" title="Cut fastball">Cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-seam_fastball" title="Four-seam fastball">Four-seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-seam_fastball" title="Two-seam fastball">Two-seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuuto" title="Shuuto">Shuuto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinker_(pitch)" title="Sinker (pitch)">Sinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyroball" title="Gyroball">Gyroball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Off-speed_pitch" title="Off-speed pitch">Off-speed pitches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Breaking_ball" title="Breaking ball">Breaking balls</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curveball" title="Curveball">Curveball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/12%E2%80%936_curveball" title="12–6 curveball">12–6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuckle_curve" title="Knuckle curve">knuckle curve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball" title="Screwball">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slider_(pitch)" title="Slider (pitch)">Slider</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweeper_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweeper (baseball)">sweeper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slurve" title="Slurve">Slurve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Changeup" title="Changeup">Changeups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circle_changeup" title="Circle changeup">Circle changeup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forkball" title="Forkball">Forkball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosh_(baseball)" title="Fosh (baseball)">Fosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmball" title="Palmball">Palmball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split-finger_fastball" title="Split-finger fastball">Splitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_changeup" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight changeup">Straight changeup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_changeup" title="Vulcan changeup">Vulcan changeup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Off-speed_pitch" title="Off-speed pitch">Junk pitches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eephus_pitch" title="Eephus pitch">Eephus pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuckleball" title="Knuckleball">Knuckleball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_baseball_(P)#purpose_pitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of baseball (P)">Purpose pitches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inside_pitching" title="Inside pitching">Inside pitching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brushback_pitch" title="Brushback pitch">brushback</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_base_on_balls" title="Intentional base on balls">Intentional walk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitchout" title="Pitchout">pitchout</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Illegal pitches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beanball" title="Beanball">Beanball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emery_ball" title="Emery ball">Emery ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shine_ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Shine ball">Shine ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitball" title="Spitball">Spitball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_pitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Quick pitch">Quick pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_pitch_doctoring_controversy" title="2021 pitch doctoring controversy">2021 pitch doctoring controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balk" title="Balk">Balk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_pitch" title="Wild pitch">Wild pitch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deliveries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitching_position" title="Pitching position">Pitching position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhand_throw" title="Overhand throw">Overhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidearm_(baseball)" title="Sidearm (baseball)">Sidearm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_(baseball)" title="Submarine (baseball)">Submarine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strike zone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Neyer/James_Guide_to_Pitchers" title="The Neyer/James Guide to Pitchers">The Neyer/James Guide to Pitchers</a></i> (2004 book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knuckleball!" title="Knuckleball!">Knuckleball!</a></i> (2012 documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" 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