CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Broken heart - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ac17541f-d7c9-4529-907f-15bd49dd921a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Broken_heart","wgTitle":"Broken heart","wgCurRevisionId":1258847168,"wgRevisionId":1258847168,"wgArticleId":12198880,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from June 2022","Articles containing Chinese-language text","Articles containing French-language text","Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text","Articles containing Sanskrit-language text","Articles containing Arabic-language text","Articles containing Hebrew-language text","Articles containing Latin-language text","Articles containing Portuguese-language text", "Commons category link is on Wikidata","Love","Metaphors referring to body parts","Emotions","Suffering"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Broken_heart","wgRelevantArticleId":12198880,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true, "wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1369657","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site", "mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%22Why_men_leave_home%22_by_Avery_Hopwood_LCCN98516874.jpg/1200px-%22Why_men_leave_home%22_by_Avery_Hopwood_LCCN98516874.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1822"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%22Why_men_leave_home%22_by_Avery_Hopwood_LCCN98516874.jpg/800px-%22Why_men_leave_home%22_by_Avery_Hopwood_LCCN98516874.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1215"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%22Why_men_leave_home%22_by_Avery_Hopwood_LCCN98516874.jpg/640px-%22Why_men_leave_home%22_by_Avery_Hopwood_LCCN98516874.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="972"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Broken heart - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broken_heart"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broken_heart"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Broken_heart rootpage-Broken_heart skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Broken+heart" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Broken+heart" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Broken+heart" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Broken+heart" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Physiology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physiology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Physiology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physiology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psychology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Psychology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Psychology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Psychology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Psychology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uncomplicated_grief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uncomplicated_grief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Uncomplicated grief</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uncomplicated_grief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Depression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Depression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Depression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psychological_trauma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychological_trauma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Psychological trauma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychological_trauma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-traumatic_stress_disorder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-traumatic_stress_disorder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Post-traumatic stress disorder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-traumatic_stress_disorder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_complications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_complications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Medical complications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medical_complications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Medical complications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Medical_complications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Broken_heart_syndrome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broken_heart_syndrome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Broken heart syndrome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broken_heart_syndrome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endocrine_and_immune_dysfunction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endocrine_and_immune_dysfunction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Endocrine and immune dysfunction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endocrine_and_immune_dysfunction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sources subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Printed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Printed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Printed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Printed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Online" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Online</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Broken heart</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="ضيق الصدر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ضيق الصدر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="ভগ্ন হৃদয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভগ্ন হৃদয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenir_el_cor_trencat" title="Tenir el cor trencat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tenir el cor trencat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A6restesorg" title="Kærestesorg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kærestesorg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n_roto" title="Corazón roto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Corazón roto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87" title="قلب شکسته – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قلب شکسته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C5%93ur_bris%C3%A9" title="Cœur brisé – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cœur brisé" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%81%EC%8B%AC" title="상심 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="상심" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE_%D5%BD%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Կոտրված սիրտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոտրված սիրտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slomljeno_srce" title="Slomljeno srce – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Slomljeno srce" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patah_hati" title="Patah hati – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Patah hati" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%91_%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8" title="לב שבור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לב שבור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lara_ati" title="Lara ati – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lara ati" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Скршено срце – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Скршено срце" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အသည်းကွဲခြင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အသည်းကွဲခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81" title="टुटेको मुटु – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="टुटेको मुटु" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E6%81%8B" title="失恋 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="失恋" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%A6rlighetssorg" title="Kjærlighetssorg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjærlighetssorg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singan_yurak" title="Singan yurak – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Singan yurak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DA%93%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%84" title="زړه ماتېدل – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="زړه ماتېدل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_partido" title="Coração partido – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coração partido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemra_e_thyer" title="Zemra e thyer – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zemra e thyer" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B3%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%AD" title="බිඳුණු හදවත – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බිඳුණු හදවත" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Сломљено срце – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сломљено срце" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slomljeno_srce" title="Slomljeno srce – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Slomljeno srce" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="อกหัก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อกหัก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%81_%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C" title="شکستہ دلی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شکستہ دلی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A5t_t%C3%ACnh" title="Thất tình – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thất tình" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%A2%8E" title="心碎 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="心碎" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1369657#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Broken_heart" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Broken_heart" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Broken_heart"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Broken_heart"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Broken_heart" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Broken_heart" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&oldid=1258847168" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Broken_heart&id=1258847168&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBroken_heart"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBroken_heart"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Broken_heart&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Broken_hearts" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Broken_heart" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1369657" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Intense stress or pain one feels at experiencing longing</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Broken_Heart_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Broken Heart (disambiguation)">Broken Heart</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Breaking hearts" redirects here. For the Elton John album, see <a href="/wiki/Breaking_Hearts" title="Breaking Hearts"><i>Breaking Hearts</i></a>. For the Chara song, see <a href="/wiki/Breaking_Hearts_(song)" title="Breaking Hearts (song)">Breaking Hearts (song)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Heartbreak" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Heartbreak_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Heartbreak (disambiguation)">Heartbreak (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Why_men_leave_home%22_by_Avery_Hopwood_LCCN98516874.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%22Why_men_leave_home%22_by_Avery_Hopwood_LCCN98516874.jpg/220px-%22Why_men_leave_home%22_by_Avery_Hopwood_LCCN98516874.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%22Why_men_leave_home%22_by_Avery_Hopwood_LCCN98516874.jpg/330px-%22Why_men_leave_home%22_by_Avery_Hopwood_LCCN98516874.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%22Why_men_leave_home%22_by_Avery_Hopwood_LCCN98516874.jpg/440px-%22Why_men_leave_home%22_by_Avery_Hopwood_LCCN98516874.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2698" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>1938 poster for an adaptation of Avery Hopwood's <i>Why Men Leave Home</i>, showing a physically cracked <a href="/wiki/Heart_symbol" title="Heart symbol">heart symbol</a> as a metaphor for unhappiness in love</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Love" title="Category:Love">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%;padding:0 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">Love</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0 0 1.0em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Red-outline heart icon"><img alt="Red-outline heart icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg/45px-Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg/68px-Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg/90px-Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption>Red-outline heart icon</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #cee0f2;background:none;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Types of love</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affection" title="Affection">Affection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_bonding" title="Human bonding">Bonding</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Broken heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_love" title="Compassionate love">Compassionate love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjugal_love" title="Conjugal love">Conjugal love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtly_love" title="Courtly love">Courtly love</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courtship" title="Courtship">courtship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">troubadours</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falling_in_love" title="Falling in love">Falling in love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendship" title="Friendship">Friendship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-sex_friendship" title="Cross-sex friendship">cross-sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_friendship" title="Romantic friendship">romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friend_zone" title="Friend zone">zone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_attraction" title="Interpersonal attraction">Interpersonal attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_relationship" title="Interpersonal relationship">Interpersonal relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intimate_relationship" title="Intimate relationship">Intimacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerence" title="Limerence">Limerence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_addiction" title="Love addiction">Love addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_at_first_sight" title="Love at first sight">Love at first sight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_triangle" title="Love triangle">Love triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovesickness" title="Lovesickness">Lovesickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovestruck" title="Lovestruck">Lovestruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_(emotion)" title="Passion (emotion)">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passionate_and_companionate_love" title="Passionate and companionate love">Passionate and companionate love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_love" title="Platonic love">Platonic love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppy_love" title="Puppy love">Puppy love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queerplatonic_relationship" title="Queerplatonic relationship">Queerplatonic relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-love" title="Self-love">Self-love</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amour_de_soi" title="Amour de soi">Amour de soi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconditional_love" title="Unconditional love">Unconditional love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unrequited_love" title="Unrequited love">Unrequited love</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #cee0f2;background:none;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Social views</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Anarchist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li>Chinese <ul><li><span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Ren_(Confucianism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ren (Confucianism)">Ren</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Yuanfen" title="Yuanfen">Yuanfen</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li>French <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Amour-propre" title="Amour-propre">Amour-propre</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_love" title="Greek love">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_words_for_love" title="Greek words for love">words for love</a></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Agape" title="Agape">Agape</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Eros_(concept)" title="Eros (concept)">Eros</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Color_wheel_theory_of_love#Ludus" class="mw-redirect" title="Color wheel theory of love">Ludus</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Color_wheel_theory_of_love#Mania" class="mw-redirect" title="Color wheel theory of love">Mania</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Self-love" title="Self-love">Philautia</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Philia" title="Philia">Philia</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Trust_(social_science)" title="Trust (social science)">Pistis</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Color_wheel_theory_of_love#Pragma" class="mw-redirect" title="Color wheel theory of love">Pragma</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Storge" title="Storge">Storgḗ</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Xenia_(Greek)" title="Xenia (Greek)">Xenia</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li>Indian <ul><li><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><i lang="sa"><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><i lang="sa"><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><i lang="sa"><a href="/wiki/Maitr%C4%AB" title="Maitrī">Maitrī</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li>Islamic <ul><li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar"><a href="/wiki/Ishq" title="Ishq">Ishq</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_love" title="Jewish views on love">Jewish</a> <ul><li><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he"><a href="/wiki/Chesed" title="Chesed">Chesed</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li>Latin <ul><li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Cupid" title="Cupid">Amor</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Charity_(virtue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity (virtue)">Caritas</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li>Portuguese <ul><li><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/Saudade" title="Saudade">Saudade</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li>Yaghan <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mamihlapinatapai" title="Mamihlapinatapai">Mamihlapinatapai</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #cee0f2;background:none;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_wheel_theory_of_love" class="mw-redirect" title="Color wheel theory of love">Color wheel theory of love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biology_of_romantic_love" title="Biology of romantic love">Biology of romantic love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_letter" title="Love letter">Love letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_of_Christ" title="Love of Christ">Love of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_of_God" title="Love of God">Love of God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Love_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Love of God in Christianity">in Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_magic" title="Love magic">Love magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day" title="Valentine's Day">Valentine's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_love" title="Philosophy of love">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_love" title="Religious views on love">Religious views</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_love_and_lust_deities" title="List of love and lust deities">love deities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mere-exposure_effect" title="Mere-exposure effect">Mere-exposure effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Similarity_(psychology)" title="Similarity (psychology)">Similarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_attractiveness" title="Physical attractiveness">Physical attractiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangular_theory_of_love" title="Triangular theory of love">Triangular theory of love</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Love_sidebar" title="Template:Love sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Love_sidebar" title="Template talk:Love sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Love_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Love sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>broken heart</b> (also known as <b>heartbreak</b> or <b>heartache</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphor</a> for the intense emotional stress or pain one feels at experiencing great loss or deep <a href="/wiki/Desire" title="Desire">longing</a>. The concept is cross-cultural, often cited with reference to unreciprocated or lost love.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Failed romantic love or unrequited love can be extremely painful; people suffering from a broken heart may succumb to <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">depression</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a> and, in more extreme cases, <a href="/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder" title="Post-traumatic stress disorder">post-traumatic stress disorder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Depression_through_the_first_year_a_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Depression_through_the_first_year_a-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-goleman_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goleman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physiology">Physiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Physiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The intense pain of a broken heart is believed to be part of the survival instinct. The "<a href="/wiki/Attachment_in_adults" title="Attachment in adults">social-attachment system</a>" uses the "<a href="/wiki/Suffering" title="Suffering">pain system</a>" to encourage humans to maintain their close social relationships by causing pain when those relationships are lost.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Psychologists Geoff MacDonald of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Queensland" title="University of Queensland">University of Queensland</a> and Mark Leary of <a href="/wiki/Wake_Forest_University" title="Wake Forest University">Wake Forest University</a> proposed in 2005 the evolution of common mechanisms for both physical and emotional pain responses and argue that such expressions are "more than just a metaphor".<sup id="cite_ref-MacDonald_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept is believed to be universal, with many cultures using the same words to describe both physical pain and the feelings associated with relationship loss.<sup id="cite_ref-MacDonald_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The neurological process involved in the perception of heartache is not known, but is thought to involve the <a href="/wiki/Anterior_cingulate_cortex" title="Anterior cingulate cortex">anterior cingulate cortex</a> of the brain, which during stress may overstimulate the <a href="/wiki/Vagus_nerve" title="Vagus nerve">vagus nerve</a> causing pain, nausea or muscle tightness in the chest.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScientific_American_Mind_2015_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScientific_American_Mind_2015-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research by <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Eisenberger" title="Naomi Eisenberger">Naomi Eisenberger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Lieberman" title="Matthew Lieberman">Matthew Lieberman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> from 2008 showed that rejection is associated with activation of the dorsal <a href="/wiki/Anterior_cingulate_cortex" title="Anterior cingulate cortex">anterior cingulate cortex</a> and right-ventral <a href="/wiki/Pre-frontal_cortex" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-frontal cortex">pre-frontal cortex</a>, areas established as being involved in processing of pain, including empathizing with pain experienced by others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScientific_American_Mind_2015_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScientific_American_Mind_2015-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same researchers mention effect of social stressors on the heart, and personality on perception of pain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenbergerLieberman2004294–300_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenbergerLieberman2004294–300-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2011 study showed that the same regions of the brain that become active in response to painful sensory experiences are activated during intense social rejection or social loss in general.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Academy_of_Sciences_2011_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Academy_of_Sciences_2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Social psychologist <a href="/wiki/Ethan_Kross" title="Ethan Kross">Ethan Kross</a> from <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, who was heavily involved in the study, said, "These results give new meaning to the idea that social rejection hurts".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The research implicates the <a href="/wiki/Secondary_somatosensory_cortex" title="Secondary somatosensory cortex">secondary somatosensory cortex</a> and the dorsal posterior <a href="/wiki/Insular_cortex" title="Insular cortex">insula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psychology">Psychology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Psychology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uncomplicated_grief">Uncomplicated grief</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Uncomplicated grief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For most bereaved individuals, the journey through grief will ultimately culminate in an acceptable level of adjustment to a life without their loved one.<sup id="cite_ref-Zisook_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zisook-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCbler-Ross_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Kübler-Ross model">Kübler-Ross model</a> postulates that there are five stages of grief after the loss of a loved-one: denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And while it is recognized that mourners go through initial period of numbness leading to depression and finally to reorganization and recovery, most modern grief specialists recognize the variations and fluidity of grief experiences differ considerably in intensity and length among cultural groups, individually from person to person<sup id="cite_ref-Zisook_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zisook-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as depending on the amount of investment put into the relationship. </p><p>Ruminating, or having intrusive thoughts that are continuous, uncontrollable, and distressing,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarll2007111_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarll2007111-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is often a component of grieving. <a href="/wiki/John_Bowlby" title="John Bowlby">John Bowlby</a>'s concept of "searching for the lost object" is about the anxiety and mounting frustration as the mourner remains lost, frequently sifting through memories of the departed, and perhaps fleeting perceptions of spectral visitations by the lost individual. When the loss involves "being left" or "unrequited love",<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in addition to the above, this mental searching is accompanied by obsessive thoughts about factors leading to the <a href="/wiki/Breakup" title="Breakup">breakup</a>, and possibilities for reuniting with the lost individual.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When rejection is involved, <a href="/wiki/Shame" title="Shame">shame</a> may also be involved – the painful feeling of being inherently unacceptable, disposable, unworthy.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The physical signs of grieving include:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Exhaustion, muscle tightness or weakness, body pains, fidgety restlessness, lack of energy</li> <li>Insomnia, sleeping too much, disturbing dreams</li> <li>Loss of appetite, overeating, nausea, "hollow stomach", indigestion, intestinal disorders like diarrhea, excessive weight gain or loss</li> <li>Headaches, shortness of breath, chest pressure, tightness or heaviness in the throat</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Depression">Depression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Depression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A broken heart is a major <a href="/wiki/Stressor" title="Stressor">stressor</a> and has been found to precipitate episodes of major <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a>. In one study (death of a spouse), 24% of mourners were depressed at two months, 23% at seven months, 16% at 13 months and 14% at 25 months.<sup id="cite_ref-Depression_through_the_first_year_a_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Depression_through_the_first_year_a-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although there are overlapping symptoms, uncomplicated grief can be distinguished from a full depressive episode.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major depression tends to be more pervasive and is characterized by significant difficulty in experiencing self-validating and positive feelings. Major depression is composed of a recognizable and stable cluster of debilitating symptoms, accompanied by a protracted, enduring low mood. It tends to be persistent and associated with poor work and social functioning, pathological immunological function, and other neurobiological changes unless treated.<sup id="cite_ref-Zisook_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zisook-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In relationship breakups, mourners may turn their anger over the rejection toward themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can deepen their depression<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and cause narcissistic wounding.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The process of self-attack can range from mild self-doubt to scathing self-recrimination which leaves a lasting imprint on an individual's self-worth and causes them to doubt their lovability, personality-efficacy, and attachment worthiness going forward.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psychological_trauma">Psychological trauma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Psychological trauma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In severe cases, the depression of a broken heart can create a sustained type of stress that constitutes an <a href="/wiki/Psychological_trauma" title="Psychological trauma">emotional trauma</a> which can be severe enough to leave an emotional imprint on individuals' psychobiological functioning, affecting future choices and responses to rejection, loss, or disconnection.<sup id="cite_ref-Van_der_Kolk_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_der_Kolk-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A contributing factor to the trauma-producing event is that 'being left' can trigger primal separation fear – the fear of being left with no one to take care of one's vital needs. </p><p>Mourners may also experience the intense stress of helplessness.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If they make repeated attempts to compel their loved one to return and are unsuccessful, they will feel helpless and inadequate to the task. Feeling one's "limited capacity" can produce a fault line in the psyche which renders the person prone to heightened emotional responses within primary relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-Balint_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balint-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another factor contributing to the traumatic conditions is the stress of losing someone with whom the mourner has come to rely in ways they did not realize.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, in time, couples can become external regulators for one another, attuned on many levels: pupils dilated in synchrony, echoing one another's speech patterns, movements, and even cardiac and EEG rhythms.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Couples can function like a mutual bio-feedback system, stimulating and modulating each other's bio rhythms, responding to one another's pheromones,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid1892788_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1892788-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and be addicted due to the steady trickle of endogenous opiates induced by the relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-traumatic_stress_disorder">Post-traumatic stress disorder</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-traumatic stress disorder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Research has shown that in extreme cases, some who experience a broken heart go on to develop <a href="/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder" title="Post-traumatic stress disorder">post-traumatic stress disorder</a> (PTSD).<sup id="cite_ref-goleman_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goleman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are various predisposing psycho-biological and environmental factors that determine whether one's earlier emotional trauma might lead to the development of a true clinical picture of posttraumatic stress disorder.<sup id="cite_ref-Van_der_Kolk_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_der_Kolk-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This would lower their threshold for becoming aroused and make them more likely to become anxious when they encounter stresses in life that are reminiscent of childhood separations and fears, hence more prone to becoming posttraumatic. </p><p>Another factor is that insecure attachments in childhood have shown to predispose the individuals to difficulties in forming secure attachments in adulthood and to having heightened responses to rejection and loss.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also variation in individuals' neurochemical systems that govern the stress regulation. Depending on the severity of the stress response induced in an individual by an event (i.e. a romantic breakup), certain concentrations of stress hormones including CRF, ACTH, and cortisol work to intensify the imprinting of an emotional memory of the event, indelibly inscribing its fears and other sensations in the amygdala (to serve as a warning for future events),<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the same stress hormones can act to impede.<sup id="cite_ref-goleman_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goleman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_complications">Medical complications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Medical complications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Broken_heart_syndrome">Broken heart syndrome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Broken heart syndrome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Takotsubo_cardiomyopathy" title="Takotsubo cardiomyopathy">Takotsubo cardiomyopathy</a></div> <p>In many legends and fictional tales, characters die after suffering a devastating loss; however, even in reality people die from what appears to be a broken heart. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, or broken heart syndrome, is commonly described as a physical pain in the chest or heart or stomach area, which is due to the emotional stress caused by a traumatic breakup or the death of a loved one. </p><p>Broken heart syndrome mimics symptoms of a heart attack, but it is clinically different from a heart attack because the patients have few risk factors for heart disease and were previously healthy prior to the heart muscles weakening.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMayo_Clinic_2015_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMayo_Clinic_2015-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Echocardiogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Echocardiogram">echocardiograms</a> expressed how the left <a href="/wiki/Ventricle_(heart)" title="Ventricle (heart)">ventricle</a>, of people with the broken heart syndrome, was contracting normally but the middle and upper sides of the heart muscle had weaker contractions due to inverted <a href="/wiki/T_wave" title="T wave">T waves</a> and longer Q-T intervals that are associated with <a href="/wiki/Stress_(psychological)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stress (psychological)">stress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELumb201451_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELumb201451-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Magnetic resonance images suggested that the recovery rates for those with broken heart syndrome are faster than those who had heart attacks and complete recovery to the heart is achieved within two months.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMayo_Clinic_2015_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMayo_Clinic_2015-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Endocrine_and_immune_dysfunction">Endocrine and immune dysfunction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Endocrine and immune dysfunction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Physiological and biochemical changes that contribute to higher physical illnesses and heart disease have been found in individuals that have high levels of anxiety and depression. Some individuals who have divorced have compromised immune systems because of inflammatory cytokines followed by a state of depression.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEField2012382–387_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEField2012382–387-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The sentiment is expressed in a collection of <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumerian</a> proverbs:<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>May <a href="/wiki/Inana" class="mw-redirect" title="Inana">Inana</a> pour oil on my heart that aches.</p></blockquote> <p>Biblical references to the pain of a broken heart date back to 1015 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Insults have broken my heart and left me weak, I looked for sympathy but there was none; I found no one to comfort me</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalm</a> 69:20</cite></div></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Rudaki" title="Rudaki">Rudaki</a>, regarded as the first great genius of <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature#Poetry" title="Persian literature">Persian poetry</a>, used broken heart imagery in his writing. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Look at the cloud, how it cries like a grieving man<br /> Thunder moans like a lover with a broken heart. </p> </div></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s play <i><a href="/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra" title="Antony and Cleopatra">Antony and Cleopatra</a></i> features a character, <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Domitius_Ahenobarbus_(consul_32_BC)#Character_in_Shakespeare" title="Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 32 BC)">Enobarbus</a>, who dies of a broken heart after betraying a friend. <a href="/wiki/Characters_in_Romeo_and_Juliet#Lady_Montague" title="Characters in Romeo and Juliet">Lady Montague</a> dies of a broken heart after the banishment of her son in <i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo" title="Frida Kahlo">Frida Kahlo</a>'s 1937 painting <i><a href="/wiki/Memory,_the_Heart" title="Memory, the Heart">Memory, the Heart</a></i> portrays the artist's heartbreak during and after an affair between <a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">her husband</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cristina_Kahlo" title="Cristina Kahlo">her sister</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emptiness" title="Emptiness">Emptiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_relationship" title="Interpersonal relationship">Interpersonal relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intimate_relationship" title="Intimate relationship">Intimate relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerence" title="Limerence">Limerence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loneliness" title="Loneliness">Loneliness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widowhood_effect" title="Widowhood effect">Widowhood effect</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Johnson-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJohnson" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, R. Skip. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bpdfamily.com/content/broken-heart-can-hurt-you">"A Broken Heart can Really Hurt You"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BPDFamily.com" title="BPDFamily.com">BPDFamily.com</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Broken+Heart+can+Really+Hurt+You&rft.pub=BPDFamily.com&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=R.+Skip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbpdfamily.com%2Fcontent%2Fbroken-heart-can-hurt-you&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Depression_through_the_first_year_a-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Depression_through_the_first_year_a_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Depression_through_the_first_year_a_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZisookShuchter1991" class="citation journal cs1">Zisook, S; Shuchter, SR (October 1991). "Depression through the first year after the death of a spouse". <i>American Journal of Psychiatry</i>. <b>148</b> (10): <span class="nowrap">1346–</span>52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1176%2Fajp.148.10.1346">10.1176/ajp.148.10.1346</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1897615">1897615</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Depression+through+the+first+year+after+the+death+of+a+spouse&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1346-%3C%2Fspan%3E52&rft.date=1991-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1176%2Fajp.148.10.1346&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1897615&rft.aulast=Zisook&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Shuchter%2C+SR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goleman-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-goleman_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goleman_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goleman_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Goleman, Daniel. The Emotional Brain and Emotional Intelligence: New Insights. North Hampton, Mass, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacDonald-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonaldLeary" class="citation web cs1">MacDonald, Geoff; Leary, Mark R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408190528/http://web.psych.utoronto.ca/gmacdonald/macdonald%20%26%20leary%2C%202005a.pdf">"Why Does Social Exclusion Hurt? The Relationship Between Social and Physical Pain"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Psychological_Bulletin" title="Psychological Bulletin">Psychological Bulletin</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.psych.utoronto.ca/gmacdonald/macdonald%20&%20leary,%202005a.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Does+Social+Exclusion+Hurt%3F+The+Relationship+Between+Social+and+Physical+Pain&rft.pub=Psychological+Bulletin&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft.au=Leary%2C+Mark+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.psych.utoronto.ca%2Fgmacdonald%2Fmacdonald%2520%26%2520leary%2C%25202005a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011">University of Michigan News Service 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScientific_American_Mind_2015-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScientific_American_Mind_2015_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScientific_American_Mind_2015_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScientific_American_Mind_2015">Scientific American Mind 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenbergerLieberman2004294–300-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenbergerLieberman2004294–300_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEisenbergerLieberman2004">Eisenberger & Lieberman 2004</a>, pp. 294–300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Academy_of_Sciences_2011-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Academy_of_Sciences_2011_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNational_Academy_of_Sciences_2011">National Academy of Sciences 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zisook-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zisook_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zisook_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zisook_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZisookShear2009" class="citation journal cs1">Zisook, Sidney; Shear, Katherine (1 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2691160">"Grief and bereavement: what psychiatrists need to know"</a>. <i>World Psychiatry</i>. <b>8</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">67–</span>74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.2051-5545.2009.tb00217.x">10.1002/j.2051-5545.2009.tb00217.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2691160">2691160</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19516922">19516922</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Grief+and+bereavement%3A+what+psychiatrists+need+to+know&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E67-%3C%2Fspan%3E74&rft.date=2009-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2691160%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19516922&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.2051-5545.2009.tb00217.x&rft.aulast=Zisook&rft.aufirst=Sidney&rft.au=Shear%2C+Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2691160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroom2004" class="citation magazine cs1">Broom, Sarah M. (30 August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090224074917/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,689491,00.html">"Milestones"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,689491,00.html">the original</a> on 24 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Milestones&rft.date=2004-08-30&rft.aulast=Broom&rft.aufirst=Sarah+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C689491%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarll2007111-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarll2007111_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarll2007">Carll 2007</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tennov, Dorothy. Love and Limerence: The Experience of Being in Love, Scarborugh House (1998).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowlby, John, Loss: Sadness and Depression; Attachment and Loss, III, Basic Books, 1982.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, Helen Block. Shame and Guilt in Neurosis. Madison: International Universities Press, 1971.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_Writer" class="citation web cs1">Staff Writer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190609203636/http://www.homelifecountry.com/bereavement-and-grief/">"Bereavement And Grief"</a>. HomeLifeCountry. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homelifecountry.com/bereavement-and-grief/">the original</a> on 9 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bereavement+And+Grief&rft.pub=HomeLifeCountry&rft.au=Staff+Writer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homelifecountry.com%2Fbereavement-and-grief%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAusterMoutierLanouette2008" class="citation journal cs1">Auster, T; Moutier, C; Lanouette, N (1 October 2008). "Bereavement and depression: implications for diagnosis and treatment". <i>Psychiatric Annals</i>. <b>38</b> (10): <span class="nowrap">655–</span>661. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3928%2F00485713-20081001-01">10.3928/00485713-20081001-01</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychiatric+Annals&rft.atitle=Bereavement+and+depression%3A+implications+for+diagnosis+and+treatment&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E655-%3C%2Fspan%3E661&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3928%2F00485713-20081001-01&rft.aulast=Auster&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Moutier%2C+C&rft.au=Lanouette%2C+N&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColin1996" class="citation book cs1">Colin, Virginia A. (1996). <i>Human Attachment</i>. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. p. 340.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Attachment&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=340&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Colin&rft.aufirst=Virginia+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schore, Allan. Affect Regulation and Origin of Self: The Neurobiology of Emotional Development. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1994, pp. 416-422</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohut1977" class="citation book cs1">Kohut, Heinz (1977). <i>The Restoration of the Self</i>. New York: International Universities Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Restoration+of+the+Self&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=International+Universities+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Kohut&rft.aufirst=Heinz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robertiello, Richard. Hold Them Very Close, Then Let Them Go. New York: Dial, 1975.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Van_der_Kolk-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Van_der_Kolk_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Van_der_Kolk_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_KolkMcFarlaneWeisæth1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bessel_van_der_Kolk" title="Bessel van der Kolk">van der Kolk, Bessel A</a>; McFarlane, Alexander C; <a href="/wiki/Lars_Weis%C3%A6th" title="Lars Weisæth">Weisæth, Lars</a> (1996). <i>Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body, and Society</i>. New York: Guilford Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5723-0088-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5723-0088-0"><bdi>978-1-5723-0088-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traumatic+Stress%3A+The+Effects+of+Overwhelming+Experience+on+Mind%2C+Body%2C+and+Society&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Guilford+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-5723-0088-0&rft.aulast=van+der+Kolk&rft.aufirst=Bessel+A&rft.au=McFarlane%2C+Alexander+C&rft.au=Weis%C3%A6th%2C+Lars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seligman, Martin. Helplessness: On Depression, Development and Death. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1975.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Balint-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Balint_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Balint, Michael. The Basic Fault: Therapeutic Aspects of Regression. Evanston: North Western University Press, 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winnecott, Donald W. "The Capacity to be Alone". In <i>The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment: Studies in the Theory of Emotional Development</i>. Madison: International Universities Press, 1965; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertiello_Richard,_Gagnier_Terril_T1993" class="citation journal cs1">Robertiello Richard, Gagnier Terril T (1993). "Sado-masochism as a Defense Against Merging: Six Case Studies". <i>Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy</i>. <b>23</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">183–</span>192. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00945978">10.1007/BF00945978</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37471839">37471839</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+Psychotherapy&rft.atitle=Sado-masochism+as+a+Defense+Against+Merging%3A+Six+Case+Studies&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E183-%3C%2Fspan%3E192&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00945978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A37471839%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Robertiello+Richard%2C+Gagnier+Terril+T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tiffany Field, "Attachment as Psychobiological Attunement: Being on the Same Wavelength", in <i>The Psychobiology of Attachment and Separation</i>, pp. 445-448.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid1892788-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid1892788_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonti-BlochGrosser1991" class="citation journal cs1">Monti-Bloch L, Grosser BI (October 1991). "Effect of putative pheromones on the electrical activity of the human vomeronasal organ and olfactory epithelium". <i>J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol</i>. <b>39</b> (4B): <span class="nowrap">573–</span>82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0960-0760%2891%2990255-4">10.1016/0960-0760(91)90255-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1892788">1892788</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46330425">46330425</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Steroid+Biochem+Mol+Biol&rft.atitle=Effect+of+putative+pheromones+on+the+electrical+activity+of+the+human+vomeronasal+organ+and+olfactory+epithelium&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4B&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E573-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.date=1991-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A46330425%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1892788&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0960-0760%2891%2990255-4&rft.aulast=Monti-Bloch&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Grosser%2C+BI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pert, Candace B. Molecules of Emotion. New York: Scribner, 1997' and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPankseppNelsonBekkedal1997" class="citation journal cs1">Panksepp J, Nelson E, Bekkedal M (January 1997). "Brain systems for the mediation of social separation-distress and social-reward. Evolutionary antecedents and neuropeptide intermediaries". <i>Ann N Y Acad Sci</i>. <b>807</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">78–</span>100. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997NYASA.807...78P">1997NYASA.807...78P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.1997.tb51914.x">10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51914.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9071345">9071345</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23809381">23809381</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ann+N+Y+Acad+Sci&rft.atitle=Brain+systems+for+the+mediation+of+social+separation-distress+and+social-reward.+Evolutionary+antecedents+and+neuropeptide+intermediaries&rft.volume=807&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E78-%3C%2Fspan%3E100&rft.date=1997-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.1997.tb51914.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23809381%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9071345&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997NYASA.807...78P&rft.aulast=Panksepp&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Nelson%2C+E&rft.au=Bekkedal%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ainsworth, Mary D. S. "Attachments and Other Affectional Bonds Across the Life Cycle". In <i>Attachments Across the Life Cycle</i>. New York: Routledge, 1991; Horney, Karen Horney, K. The neurotic personality of our time. New York: W. W. Norton and Company (1937).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LeDoux, Joseph. "Emotion, Memory and the Brain". <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i> (June 1994).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMayo_Clinic_2015-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMayo_Clinic_2015_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMayo_Clinic_2015_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMayo_Clinic_2015">Mayo Clinic 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELumb201451-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELumb201451_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLumb2014">Lumb 2014</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEField2012382–387-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEField2012382–387_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFField2012">Field 2012</a>, pp. 382–387.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/proverbs/t.6.1.03.html">Collection III</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Electronic_Text_Corpus_of_Sumerian_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature">The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/Psalm%2069%3A20">"Why is Bible engagement down in the digital age? Bible Gateway's Rachel Barach shares some insight"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Biblegateway" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblegateway">Biblegateway</a>. Retrieved 5 August 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shakespeare-literature.com/Romeo_and_Juliet/26.html">"Romeo and Juliet, Act V Scene III"</a>. Shakespeare Literature. Retrieved 5 August 2015.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Printed">Printed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Printed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarll2007" class="citation book cs1">Carll, Elizabeth (2007). <i>Trauma Psychology: Violence And Disaster</i>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0275985318" title="Special:BookSources/978-0275985318"><bdi>978-0275985318</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trauma+Psychology%3A+Violence+And+Disaster&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0275985318&rft.aulast=Carll&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenbergerLieberman2004" class="citation journal cs1">Eisenberger, Naomi; Lieberman, Matthew (2004). "Why Rejection Hurts: A Common Neural Alarm System For Physical And Social Pain". <i>Trends in Cognitive Sciences</i>. <b>8</b> (7). <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a>: <span class="nowrap">294–</span>300. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tics.2004.05.010">10.1016/j.tics.2004.05.010</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15242688">15242688</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15893740">15893740</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Cognitive+Sciences&rft.atitle=Why+Rejection+Hurts%3A+A+Common+Neural+Alarm+System+For+Physical+And+Social+Pain&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E294-%3C%2Fspan%3E300&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A15893740%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15242688&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tics.2004.05.010&rft.aulast=Eisenberger&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rft.au=Lieberman%2C+Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFField2012" class="citation book cs1">Field, Tiffany (2 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RBye2eKU4YUC&pg=PA415">"Attachment as psychobiological attunement: Being on the same wavelength"</a>. In Reite, Martin (ed.). <i>The Psychobiology of Attachment and Separation</i>. Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-14721-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-14721-7"><bdi>978-0-323-14721-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Attachment+as+psychobiological+attunement%3A+Being+on+the+same+wavelength&rft.btitle=The+Psychobiology+of+Attachment+and+Separation&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2012-12-02&rft.isbn=978-0-323-14721-7&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=Tiffany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRBye2eKU4YUC%26pg%3DPA415&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLumb2014" class="citation book cs1">Lumb, Philip (2014). <i>Critical Care Ultrasound: Expert Consult</i>. <a href="/wiki/Elsevier_Health_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsevier Health Sciences">Elsevier Health Sciences</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0323278171" title="Special:BookSources/978-0323278171"><bdi>978-0323278171</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Care+Ultrasound%3A+Expert+Consult&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0323278171&rft.aulast=Lumb&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Online">Online</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Online"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBPDFamily.com_2015" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bpdfamily.com/content/broken-heart-can-hurt-you">"A Broken Heart can Really Hurt You"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BPDFamily.com" title="BPDFamily.com">BPDFamily.com</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Broken+Heart+can+Really+Hurt+You&rft.pub=BPDFamily.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbpdfamily.com%2Fcontent%2Fbroken-heart-can-hurt-you&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayo_Clinic_2015" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/broken-heart-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20034635">"Diseases And Conditions: Broken Heart Syndrome"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mayo_Clinic" title="Mayo Clinic">Mayo Clinic</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diseases+And+Conditions%3A+Broken+Heart+Syndrome&rft.pub=Mayo+Clinic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoclinic.org%2Fdiseases-conditions%2Fbroken-heart-syndrome%2Fbasics%2Fdefinition%2Fcon-20034635&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Gerontologist_2015" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150513220822/http://gerontologist.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/12/07/geront.gnr110.full">"Grief, Depressive Symptoms, And Physical Health Among Recently Bereaved Spouses"</a>. The Gerontologist. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gerontologist.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/12/07/geront.gnr110.full">the original</a> on 13 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grief%2C+Depressive+Symptoms%2C+And+Physical+Health+Among+Recently+Bereaved+Spouses&rft.pub=The+Gerontologist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgerontologist.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcontent%2Fearly%2F2011%2F12%2F07%2Fgeront.gnr110.full&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPsychological_Bulletin_2011" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408190528/http://web.psych.utoronto.ca/gmacdonald/macdonald%20%26%20leary%2C%202005a.pdf">"Why Does Social Exclusion Hurt? The Relationship Between Social And Physical Pain"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Psychological_Bulletin" title="Psychological Bulletin">Psychological Bulletin</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.psych.utoronto.ca/gmacdonald/macdonald%20&%20leary,%202005a.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Does+Social+Exclusion+Hurt%3F+The+Relationship+Between+Social+And+Physical+Pain&rft.pub=Psychological+Bulletin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.psych.utoronto.ca%2Fgmacdonald%2Fmacdonald%2520%26%2520leary%2C%25202005a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScientific_American_Mind_2015" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-causes-chest-pains">"What Causes Chest Pain When Feelings Are Hurt?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=What+Causes+Chest+Pain+When+Feelings+Are+Hurt%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fid%3Dwhat-causes-chest-pains&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ns.umich.edu/new/releases/8332">"Study Illuminates The 'Pain' Of Social Rejection"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan News Service</a>. 25 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Study+Illuminates+The+%27Pain%27+Of+Social+Rejection&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+News+Service&rft.date=2011-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fns.umich.edu%2Fnew%2Freleases%2F8332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Academy_of_Sciences_2011" class="citation journal cs1">Kross E, Berman MG, Mischel W, Smith EE, Wager TD (April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3076808">"Social Rejection Shares Somatosensory Representations With Physical Pain"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>108</b> (15). <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>: <span class="nowrap">6270–</span>6275. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PNAS..108.6270K">2011PNAS..108.6270K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1102693108">10.1073/pnas.1102693108</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3076808">3076808</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21444827">21444827</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Social+Rejection+Shares+Somatosensory+Representations+With+Physical+Pain&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E6270-%3C%2Fspan%3E6275&rft.date=2011-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3076808%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21444827&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1102693108&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011PNAS..108.6270K&rft.aulast=Kross&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Berman%2C+MG&rft.au=Mischel%2C+W&rft.au=Smith%2C+EE&rft.au=Wager%2C+TD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3076808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+heart" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Broken_hearts" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Broken hearts">Broken hearts</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Broken_heart" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Broken heart">Broken heart</a> at Wikiquote</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/16px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/24px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/32px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> Learning materials related to <a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Motivation_and_emotion/Book/2018/Broken-heart_syndrome" class="extiw" title="v:Motivation and emotion/Book/2018/Broken-heart syndrome">Motivation and emotion/Book/2018/Broken-heart syndrome</a> at Wikiversity</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/broken_heart" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:broken heart"><i>broken heart</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&oldid=1258847168">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&oldid=1258847168</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Love" title="Category:Love">Love</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Metaphors_referring_to_body_parts" title="Category:Metaphors referring to body parts">Metaphors referring to body parts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Emotions" title="Category:Emotions">Emotions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Suffering" title="Category:Suffering">Suffering</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from June 2022">Use dmy dates from June 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Sanskrit-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Sanskrit-language text">Articles containing Sanskrit-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hebrew-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text">Articles containing Hebrew-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Portuguese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Portuguese-language text">Articles containing Portuguese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 23:36<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Broken_heart&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Broken heart</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>29 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-nj9lq","wgBackendResponseTime":161,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.890","walltime":"1.147","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3530,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":84794,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3139,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":99520,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 956.097 1 -total"," 31.66% 302.719 1 Template:Love_sidebar"," 31.36% 299.877 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 23.57% 225.392 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.45% 205.061 21 Template:Lang"," 15.60% 149.142 8 Template:Cite_web"," 10.33% 98.793 14 Template:Sfn"," 8.74% 83.609 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.51% 62.213 8 Template:Cite_journal"," 5.31% 50.775 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.598","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16063138,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAusterMoutierLanouette2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBPDFamily.com_2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBroom2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarll2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColin1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEisenbergerLieberman2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFField2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohut1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLumb2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacDonaldLeary\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMayo_Clinic_2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMonti-BlochGrosser1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Academy_of_Sciences_2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPankseppNelsonBekkedal1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPsychological_Bulletin_2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertiello_Richard,_Gagnier_Terril_T1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScientific_American_Mind_2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff_Writer\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Gerontologist_2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUniversity_of_Michigan_News_Service_2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZisookShear2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZisookShuchter1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_der_KolkMcFarlaneWeisæth1996\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 8,\n [\"Commons category-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Love sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"Poemquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 14,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 7,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquote-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiversity-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Wiktionary-inline\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-chzlq","timestamp":"20250214040806","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Broken heart","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Broken_heart","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1369657","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1369657","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-01-17T04:43:29Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T23:36:56Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0c\/%22Why_men_leave_home%22_by_Avery_Hopwood_LCCN98516874.jpg","headline":"metaphor for intense emotional\/physical stress or pain one feels at experiencing great and deep longing"}</script> </body> </html>