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window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":103860846,"created_at":"2023-06-25T16:17:46.719-07:00","from_world_paper_id":236436974,"updated_at":"2024-11-27T12:11:07.227-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","ai_title_tag":"Thalamic Synapse Convergence Drives Cortical Direction Selectivity","grobid_abstract":"Detecting the direction of an object's motion is essential for our representation of the visual environment. Visual cortex is one of the main stages in the mammalian nervous system where motion direction may be computed de novo. Experiments and theories indicate that cortical neurons respond selectively to motion direction by combining inputs that provide information about distinct spatial locations with distinct time-delays. Despite the importance of this spatiotemporal offset for direction selectivity its origin and cellular mechanisms are not fully understood. We show that ~80+/-10 thalamic neurons responding with distinct time-courses to stimuli in distinct locations contribute to the excitation of mouse visual cortical neurons during visual stimulation. Integration of thalamic inputs with the appropriate spatiotemporal offset provides cortical neurons with the primordial bias for direction selectivity. These data show how cortical neurons selectively combine the spatiotemporal response diversity of thalamic neurons to extract fundamental features of the visual world. The ability to detect the direction of motion of objects in the visual world is an essential property of sensory processing. In the primary visual cortex of mammals many neurons preferentially respond to stimuli moving in a specific direction within their receptive field 1,2. In primates and carnivores, this sensitivity to motion direction is believed not to be inherited from earlier stages of visual processing but computed de novo in visual cortex. Here, neurons likely extract directional motion from the visual scene","publication_date":"2018,,","publication_name":"Nature","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"103748711"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Cortical direction selectivity emerges at convergence of thalamic synapses","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [274923238]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":103748711,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Cortical direction selectivity emerges at convergence of thalamic synapses”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/103748711/mini_magick20230625-1-i8mq6l.png?1687735216" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Cortical direction selectivity emerges at convergence of thalamic synapses</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="274923238" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MScanziani"><img alt="Profile image of Massimo Scanziani" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/274923238/124517476/113874878/s65_massimo.scanziani.png" />Massimo Scanziani</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2018, Nature</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">55 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 103860846; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Detecting the direction of an object's motion is essential for our representation of the visual environment. Visual cortex is one of the main stages in the mammalian nervous system where motion direction may be computed de novo. Experiments and theories indicate that cortical neurons respond selectively to motion direction by combining inputs that provide information about distinct spatial locations with distinct time-delays. Despite the importance of this spatiotemporal offset for direction selectivity its origin and cellular mechanisms are not fully understood. We show that ~80+/-10 thalamic neurons responding with distinct time-courses to stimuli in distinct locations contribute to the excitation of mouse visual cortical neurons during visual stimulation. Integration of thalamic inputs with the appropriate spatiotemporal offset provides cortical neurons with the primordial bias for direction selectivity. These data show how cortical neurons selectively combine the spatiotemporal response diversity of thalamic neurons to extract fundamental features of the visual world. The ability to detect the direction of motion of objects in the visual world is an essential property of sensory processing. In the primary visual cortex of mammals many neurons preferentially respond to stimuli moving in a specific direction within their receptive field 1,2. In primates and carnivores, this sensitivity to motion direction is believed not to be inherited from earlier stages of visual processing but computed de novo in visual cortex. Here, neurons likely extract directional motion from the visual scene</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":103748711,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/103860846/Cortical_direction_selectivity_emerges_at_convergence_of_thalamic_synapses"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":103748711,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/103860846/Cortical_direction_selectivity_emerges_at_convergence_of_thalamic_synapses"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="103860846" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Here we demonstrate that this synchronous activity contains unexpectedly rich information about fundamental properties of visual stimuli. We report that the occurrence of synchronous firing of cat thalamic cells with highly overlapping receptive fields is strongly sensitive to the orientation and the direction of motion of the visual stimulus. We show that this stimulus selectivity is robust, remaining relatively unchanged under different contrasts and temporal frequencies (stimulus velocities). A computational analysis based on an integrate-and-fire model of the direct thalamic input to a layer 4 cortical cell reveals a strong correlation between the degree of thalamic synchrony and the nonlinear relationship between cortical membrane potential and the resultant firing rate. Together, these findings suggest a novel population code in the synchronous firing of neurons in the early visual pathway that could serve as the substrate for establishing cortical representations of the visual scene.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Visual Orientation and Directional Selectivity through Thalamic Synchrony","attachmentId":42516256,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16339886/Visual_Orientation_and_Directional_Selectivity_through_Thalamic_Synchrony","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16339886/Visual_Orientation_and_Directional_Selectivity_through_Thalamic_Synchrony"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="168548" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/168548/Development_of_response_timing_and_direction_selectivity_in_cat_visual_thalamus_and_cortex">Development of response timing and direction selectivity in cat visual thalamus and cortex</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11907" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlanSaul6">Alan Saul</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Single-unit recordings were made in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and visual cortex of kittens that were 4-13 weeks of age. Responses to visual stimuli were analyzed to determine the relationship between two related facets of the behaviors of the cells: direction selectivity (DS) and timing. DS depends on timing differences within the receptive field. Cortical DS was present at all ages, but its temporal frequency tuning changed. In kittens, DS was more common at high (ϳ4 Hz) than low (ϳ1 Hz) temporal frequencies. This is in contrast to adults, in which DS is tuned to low frequencies, more common at 1 Hz than at 4 Hz (Saul and Humphrey, 1992a). In adult cats, the LGN provides the cortex with a wide range of timings that are also observable in cortical receptive fields Humphrey, 1990, 1992b;. In kittens, LGN and cortical timing were immature. Most cells showed long-latency sustained responses. At low temporal frequencies, the variance in timing was small, but at higher frequencies, all timings were well represented. The timing data thus matched the temporal frequency tuning of DS. Kittens show DS at high temporal frequencies because of the abundance of inputs with different timing at high frequencies. As cells in the LGN mature, more low-frequency timing differences become available to the cortex, allowing DS at low frequencies to become possible for more cortical cells.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Development of response timing and direction selectivity in cat visual thalamus and cortex","attachmentId":93562,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/168548/Development_of_response_timing_and_direction_selectivity_in_cat_visual_thalamus_and_cortex","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/168548/Development_of_response_timing_and_direction_selectivity_in_cat_visual_thalamus_and_cortex"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="86618554" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86618554/Cell_Type_Specific_Thalamocortical_Inputs_Constrain_Direction_Map_Formation_in_Visual_Cortex">Cell-Type-Specific Thalamocortical Inputs Constrain Direction Map Formation in Visual Cortex</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="190378253" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TomonariMurakami">Tomonari Murakami</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cell Reports, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Highlights d We find direction columns in the cat primary visual cortex (area 17) d Direction columns in area 17 have fragmented organization d Direction columns are located in domains preferring low spatial frequency d Specific thalamocortical cell type may be important for direction column formation</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cell-Type-Specific Thalamocortical Inputs Constrain Direction Map Formation in Visual Cortex","attachmentId":91029551,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86618554/Cell_Type_Specific_Thalamocortical_Inputs_Constrain_Direction_Map_Formation_in_Visual_Cortex","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86618554/Cell_Type_Specific_Thalamocortical_Inputs_Constrain_Direction_Map_Formation_in_Visual_Cortex"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="57879356" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57879356/Thalamic_nuclei_convey_diverse_contextual_information_to_layer_1_of_visual_cortex">Thalamic nuclei convey diverse contextual information to layer 1 of visual cortex</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34673970" href="https://independent.academia.edu/martinifrancisco">francisco martini</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nature Neuroscience, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Sensory perception depends on the context within which a stimulus occurs. Prevailing models emphasize cortical feedback as the source of contextual modulation. However, higher-order thalamic nuclei, such as the pulvinar, interconnect with many cortical and subcortical areas, suggesting a role for the thalamus in providing sensory and behavioral context-yet the nature of the signals conveyed to cortex by higher-order thalamus remains poorly understood. Here we use axonal calcium imaging to measure information provided to visual cortex by the pulvinar equivalent in mice, the lateral posterior nucleus (LP), as well as the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). We found that dLGN conveys retinotopically precise visual signals, while LP provides distributed information from the visual scene. Both LP and dLGN projections carry locomotion signals. However, while dLGN inputs often respond to positive combinations of running and visual flow speed, LP signals discrepancies between self-generated and external visual motion. This higher-order thalamic nucleus therefore conveys diverse contextual signals that inform visual cortex about visual scene changes not predicted by the animal's own actions. Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Thalamic nuclei convey diverse contextual information to layer 1 of visual cortex","attachmentId":72562402,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57879356/Thalamic_nuclei_convey_diverse_contextual_information_to_layer_1_of_visual_cortex","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/57879356/Thalamic_nuclei_convey_diverse_contextual_information_to_layer_1_of_visual_cortex"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="12331755" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12331755/The_role_of_thalamic_population_synchrony_in_the_emergence_of_cortical_feature_selectivity">The role of thalamic population synchrony in the emergence of cortical feature selectivity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30993704" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoseManuelAlonso2">Jose-Manuel Alonso</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLoS computational biology, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In a wide range of studies, the emergence of orientation selectivity in primary visual cortex has been attributed to a complex interaction between feed-forward thalamic input and inhibitory mechanisms at the level of cortex. Although it is well known that layer 4 cortical neurons are highly sensitive to the timing of thalamic inputs, the role of the stimulus-driven timing of thalamic inputs in cortical orientation selectivity is not well understood. Here we show that the synchronization of thalamic firing contributes directly to the orientation tuned responses of primary visual cortex in a way that optimizes the stimulus information per cortical spike. From the recorded responses of geniculate X-cells in the anesthetized cat, we synthesized thalamic sub-populations that would likely serve as the synaptic input to a common layer 4 cortical neuron based on anatomical constraints. We used this synchronized input as the driving input to an integrate-and-fire model of cortical responses ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The role of thalamic population synchrony in the emergence of cortical feature selectivity","attachmentId":46238603,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12331755/The_role_of_thalamic_population_synchrony_in_the_emergence_of_cortical_feature_selectivity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12331755/The_role_of_thalamic_population_synchrony_in_the_emergence_of_cortical_feature_selectivity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="58444953" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58444953/Segregated_encoding_of_spatiotemporal_features_in_the_mouse_visual_cortex">Segregated encoding of spatiotemporal features in the mouse visual cortex</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41962043" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BenVermaercke">Ben Vermaercke</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Understanding visual processing requires a detailed description of computations performed by neurons across stages of the visual system. However, the diverse tunings of neurons beyond the primary visual cortex (V1) have yet to be fully characterized. Using two-photon calcium imaging and stochastic visual stimuli, we catalogued the response properties of a dense sample of 40,000 neurons in V1 and six secondary visual areas of awake mice. All areas encode unique sets of features with distinct spatiotemporal preferences, motion speed selectivity, and differential responses to oriented and non-oriented stimuli. Central areas V1 and LM have the most diverse tunings, with distributed spatiotemporal preferences and a moderate bias for nonoriented stimuli. Preferences of V1 and LM neurons differ strikingly showing tuning to low and midrange spatiotemporal frequencies, respectively. Lateral areas PM and LI are highly biased towards high spatial and low temporal frequencies, showing weak sele...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Segregated encoding of spatiotemporal features in the mouse visual cortex","attachmentId":72852933,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58444953/Segregated_encoding_of_spatiotemporal_features_in_the_mouse_visual_cortex","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/58444953/Segregated_encoding_of_spatiotemporal_features_in_the_mouse_visual_cortex"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="425100" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/425100/Rat_Anterodorsal_Thalamic_Head_Direction_Neurons_Depend_Upon_Dynamic_Visual_Signals_to_Select_Anchoring_Landmark_Cues_EJN_2004">Rat Anterodorsal Thalamic Head Direction Neurons Depend Upon Dynamic Visual Signals to Select Anchoring Landmark Cues. EJN, 2004</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="318292" href="https://icm-institute.academia.edu/EricBurguiere">Eric Burguiere</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Journal …, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rat Anterodorsal Thalamic Head Direction Neurons Depend Upon Dynamic Visual Signals to Select Anchoring Landmark Cues. EJN, 2004","attachmentId":3438784,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/425100/Rat_Anterodorsal_Thalamic_Head_Direction_Neurons_Depend_Upon_Dynamic_Visual_Signals_to_Select_Anchoring_Landmark_Cues_EJN_2004","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/425100/Rat_Anterodorsal_Thalamic_Head_Direction_Neurons_Depend_Upon_Dynamic_Visual_Signals_to_Select_Anchoring_Landmark_Cues_EJN_2004"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="926604" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/926604/Rat_Anterodorsal_Thalamic_Head_Direction_Neurons_Depend_Upon_Dynamic_Visual_Signals_to_Select_Anchoring_Landmark_Cues">Rat Anterodorsal Thalamic Head Direction Neurons Depend Upon Dynamic Visual Signals to Select Anchoring Landmark Cues</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="190805" href="https://sorbonne-fr.academia.edu/MehdiKhamassi">Mehdi Khamassi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Journal …, 2004</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Head direction cells, which are functionally coupled to 'place' cells of the hippocampus, a structure critically involved in spatial cognition, are likely neural substrates for the sense of direction. Here we studied the mechanism by which head direction cells are principally anchored to background visual cues [M.B. Zugaro et al. (2001) J. Neurosci., 21, RC154,1-5]. Anterodorsal thalamic head direction cells were recorded while the rat foraged on a small elevated platform in a 3-m diameter cylindrical enclosure. A large card was placed in the background, near the curtain, and a smaller card was placed in the foreground, near the platform. The cards were identically marked, proportionally dimensioned, subtended the same visual angles from the central vantage point and separated by 90°. The rat was then disoriented in darkness, the cards were rotated by 90°in opposite directions about the center and the rat was returned. Preferred directions followed either the background card, foreground card or midpoint between the two cards. In continuous lighting, preferred directions shifted to follow the background cue in most cases (30 of the 53 experiments, Batschelet V-test, P < 0.01). Stroboscopic illumination, which perturbs dynamic visual signals (e.g. motion parallax), blocked this selectivity. Head direction cells remained equally anchored to the background card, foreground card or configuration of the two cards (Watson test, P > 0.1). This shows that dynamic visual signals are critical in distinguishing typically more stable background cues which govern spatial neuronal responses and orientation behaviors.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rat Anterodorsal Thalamic Head Direction Neurons Depend Upon Dynamic Visual Signals to Select Anchoring Landmark Cues","attachmentId":5640473,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/926604/Rat_Anterodorsal_Thalamic_Head_Direction_Neurons_Depend_Upon_Dynamic_Visual_Signals_to_Select_Anchoring_Landmark_Cues","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/926604/Rat_Anterodorsal_Thalamic_Head_Direction_Neurons_Depend_Upon_Dynamic_Visual_Signals_to_Select_Anchoring_Landmark_Cues"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="22593968" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22593968/Functional_alignment_of_feedback_effects_from_visual_cortex_to_thalamus">Functional alignment of feedback effects from visual cortex to thalamus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44148669" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/AdamSillito">Adam Sillito</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nature Neuroscience, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Following from the classical work of Hubel and Wiesel, it has been recognized that the orientation and the on-and off-zones of receptive fields of layer 4 simple cells in the visual cortex are linked to the spatial alignment and properties of the cells in the visual thalamus that relay the retinal input. Here we present evidence showing that the orientation and the on-and off-zones of receptive fields of layer 6 simple cells in cat visual cortex that provide feedback to the thalamus are similarly linked to the alignment and properties of the receptive fields of the thalamic cells they contact. However, the pattern of influence linked to on-and off-zones is phase-reversed. This has important functional implications.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Functional alignment of feedback effects from visual cortex to thalamus","attachmentId":43197243,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22593968/Functional_alignment_of_feedback_effects_from_visual_cortex_to_thalamus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22593968/Functional_alignment_of_feedback_effects_from_visual_cortex_to_thalamus"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="12331742" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12331742/Modulation_of_temporal_precision_in_thalamic_population_responses_to_natural_visual_stimuli">Modulation of temporal precision in thalamic population responses to natural visual stimuli</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30993704" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoseManuelAlonso2">Jose-Manuel Alonso</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Frontiers in Systems …, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Natural visual stimuli have highly structured spatial and temporal properties which influence the way visual information is encoded in the visual pathway. In response to natural scene stimuli, neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) are temporally precise – on a time scale of 10–25 ms – both within single cells and across cells within a population. This time scale, established by non stimulus-driven elements of neuronal firing, is significantly shorter than that of natural scenes, yet is critical for the neural representation of the spatial and temporal structure of the scene. Here, a generalized linear model (GLM) that combines stimulus-driven elements with spike-history dependence associated with intrinsic cellular dynamics is shown to predict the fine timing precision of LGN responses to natural scene stimuli, the corresponding correlation structure across nearby neurons in the population, and the continuous modulation of spike timing precision and latency across neurons. A single model captured the experimentally observed neural response, across different levels of contrasts and different classes of visual stimuli, through interactions between the stimulus correlation structure and the nonlinearity in spike generation and spike history dependence. Given the sensitivity of the thalamocortical synapse to closely timed spikes and the importance of fine timing precision for the faithful representation of natural scenes, the modulation of thalamic population timing over these time scales is likely important for cortical representations of the dynamic natural visual environment.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Modulation of temporal precision in thalamic population responses to natural visual stimuli","attachmentId":46238613,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12331742/Modulation_of_temporal_precision_in_thalamic_population_responses_to_natural_visual_stimuli","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12331742/Modulation_of_temporal_precision_in_thalamic_population_responses_to_natural_visual_stimuli"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":103748711,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":103748711,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_103748711" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="103140765" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/103140765/Spatial_dynamics_of_receptive_fields_in_cat_primary_visual_cortex_related_to_the_temporal_structure_of_thalamocortical_feedforward_activity">Spatial dynamics of receptive fields in cat primary visual cortex related to the temporal structure of thalamocortical feedforward activity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32543279" 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChuyiSu">Chuyi Su</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cell Reports, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Activation of a Visual Cortical Column by a Directionally Selective Thalamocortical Neuron","attachmentId":70908306,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/54640878/Activation_of_a_Visual_Cortical_Column_by_a_Directionally_Selective_Thalamocortical_Neuron","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/54640878/Activation_of_a_Visual_Cortical_Column_by_a_Directionally_Selective_Thalamocortical_Neuron"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="98958584" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98958584/Synaptic_Contributions_to_Receptive_Field_Structure_and_Response_Properties_in_the_Rodent_Lateral_Geniculate_Nucleus_of_the_Thalamus">Synaptic Contributions to Receptive Field Structure and Response Properties in the Rodent Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the Thalamus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="234398898" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VandanaSuresh6">Vandana Suresh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Synaptic Contributions to Receptive Field Structure and Response Properties in the Rodent Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the Thalamus","attachmentId":100171367,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98958584/Synaptic_Contributions_to_Receptive_Field_Structure_and_Response_Properties_in_the_Rodent_Lateral_Geniculate_Nucleus_of_the_Thalamus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98958584/Synaptic_Contributions_to_Receptive_Field_Structure_and_Response_Properties_in_the_Rodent_Lateral_Geniculate_Nucleus_of_the_Thalamus"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="26383569" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26383569/Thalamocortical_Specificity_and_the_Synthesis_of_Sensory_Cortical_Receptive_Fields">Thalamocortical Specificity and the Synthesis of Sensory Cortical Receptive Fields</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36097984" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HarveySwadlow">Harvey Swadlow</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Thalamocortical Specificity and the Synthesis of Sensory Cortical Receptive Fields","attachmentId":46685639,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26383569/Thalamocortical_Specificity_and_the_Synthesis_of_Sensory_Cortical_Receptive_Fields","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26383569/Thalamocortical_Specificity_and_the_Synthesis_of_Sensory_Cortical_Receptive_Fields"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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