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interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duqlas_Krokford" title="Duqlas Krokford – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Duqlas Krokford" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Crockford" title="Douglas Crockford – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Douglas Crockford" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Crockford" title="Douglas Crockford – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Douglas Crockford" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Crockford" title="Douglas Crockford – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Douglas Crockford" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="داگلاس کراکفرد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داگلاس کراکفرد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Crockford" title="Douglas Crockford – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Douglas Crockford" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%94%EA%B8%80%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4_%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9D%ED%8F%AC%EB%93%9C" title="더글라스 크록포드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="더글라스 크록포드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%A1_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93" title="דאגלס קרוקפורד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דאגלס קרוקפורד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="دوجلاس كروكفورد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دوجلاس كروكفورد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Crockford" title="Douglas Crockford – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Douglas Crockford" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Crockford" title="Douglas Crockford – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Douglas Crockford" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4,_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Крокфорд, Дуглас – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крокфорд, Дуглас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daglas_Krokford" title="Daglas Krokford – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Daglas Krokford" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Дуглас Крокфорд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дуглас Крокфорд" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Douglas Crockford</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_Crockford,_February_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Douglas_Crockford%2C_February_2013.jpg/200px-Douglas_Crockford%2C_February_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Douglas_Crockford%2C_February_2013.jpg/300px-Douglas_Crockford%2C_February_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Douglas_Crockford%2C_February_2013.jpg/400px-Douglas_Crockford%2C_February_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1060" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Crockford in 2013</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_State_University" title="San Francisco State University">San Francisco State University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Senior JavaScript Architect</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employer</th><td class="infobox-data org">Virgule-Solidus</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JavaScript Object Notation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crockford.com">crockford<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Douglas Crockford</b> is an American <a href="/wiki/Computer_programmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer programmer">computer programmer</a> who is involved in the development of the <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> language. He specified the data format <a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a> (JavaScript Object Notation), and has developed various JavaScript related tools such as the static code analyzer <a href="/wiki/JSLint" title="JSLint">JSLint</a> and minifier <a href="/wiki/JSMin" class="mw-redirect" title="JSMin">JSMin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote the book <i>JavaScript: The Good Parts</i>, published in 2008, followed by <i>How JavaScript Works</i> in 2018. He was a senior JavaScript architect at <a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a> until 2019, and is also a writer and speaker on JavaScript, JSON, and related <a href="/wiki/Web_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Web technologies">web technologies</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Crockford&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crockford earned a degree in Radio and Television from <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_State_University" title="San Francisco State University">San Francisco State University</a><sup id="cite_ref-almaden_bio_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-almaden_bio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1975. He took classes in <a href="/wiki/FORTRAN" class="mw-redirect" title="FORTRAN">FORTRAN</a> and worked with a university lab's computer.<sup id="cite_ref-boosman198703_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boosman198703-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Crockford&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crockford purchased an <a href="/wiki/Atari_8-bit_computers" title="Atari 8-bit computers">Atari 8-bit computer</a> in 1980 and wrote the game <i><a href="/wiki/Galahad_and_the_Holy_Grail" title="Galahad and the Holy Grail">Galahad and the Holy Grail</a></i> for the <a href="/wiki/Atari_Program_Exchange" title="Atari Program Exchange">Atari Program Exchange</a> (APX), which resulted in <a href="/wiki/Chris_Crawford_(game_designer)" title="Chris Crawford (game designer)">Chris Crawford</a> hiring him at <a href="/wiki/Atari,_Inc." title="Atari, Inc.">Atari, Inc.</a> While at Atari, Crockford wrote another game, <i>Burgers!</i>, for APX<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a number of experimental audio/visual demos that were freely distributed.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Warner_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Communications">Warner Communications</a> sold the company, he joined <a href="/wiki/National_Semiconductor" title="National Semiconductor">National Semiconductor</a>. In 1984 Crockford joined <a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm" title="Lucasfilm">Lucasfilm</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-boosman198703_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boosman198703-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>. He became known on video game oriented <a href="/wiki/Listserv" class="mw-redirect" title="Listserv">listservs</a> in the early 1990s after he posted his <a href="/wiki/Memoir" title="Memoir">memoir</a> "The Expurgation of Maniac Mansion" to a video gaming bulletin board. The memoir documented his efforts to censor the computer game <i><a href="/wiki/Maniac_Mansion" title="Maniac Mansion">Maniac Mansion</a></i> to <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>'s satisfaction so that they could release it as a cartridge, and Crockford's mounting frustrations as Nintendo's demands became more obscure and confusing.<sup id="cite_ref-expurge_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-expurge-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Together with <a href="/wiki/Randy_Farmer" title="Randy Farmer">Randy Farmer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chip_Morningstar" title="Chip Morningstar">Chip Morningstar</a>, Crockford founded Electric Communities and was its CEO from 1994 to 1995. He was involved<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in the development of the programming language <a href="/wiki/E_(programming_language)" title="E (programming language)">E</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crockford was the founder of <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Software&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Software (page does not exist)">State Software</a> (also known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veil_Networks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veil Networks (page does not exist)">Veil Networks</a>) and its CTO from 2001 to 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his time at State Software, Crockford popularized the <a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a> data format, based upon existing <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> language constructs, as a lightweight alternative to <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>. He obtained the <a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">domain name</a> json.org in 2002, and put up his description of the format there.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2006, he specified the format officially, as <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> 4627.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He worked at <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo</a> for many years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinions_on_JavaScript">Opinions on JavaScript</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Crockford&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Opinions on JavaScript"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Crockford&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2008 Crockford published a book announcing his discovery that JavaScript, contrary to prevailing opinion, has good parts. He describes this as "heresy", and as "maybe the first important discovery of the 21st century", noting that it came as a "big surprise to the JavaScript community, and the world at large."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attributes the discovery to his having read the ECMAScript Standard, which he says "literally changed my life."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also notes that the specification document is of "extremely poor quality", "hard to read", "hard to understand", and says that the <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> and the <a href="/wiki/TC39" class="mw-redirect" title="TC39">TC39 committee</a> "should be deeply embarrassed".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software_license_for_"Good,_not_Evil""><span id="Software_license_for_.22Good.2C_not_Evil.22"></span>Software license for "Good, not Evil"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Crockford&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Software license for "Good, not Evil""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software#Definitions" title="Open-source software">Open-source software § Definitions</a></div> <p>In 2002, in reference to President George Bush's war on "evildoers", Crockford started releasing his JSMin software under a customized open source <a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a>, with the added requirement that "The Software shall be used for Good, not Evil". This clause was carried over to JSMin-PHP, a variation of JSMin by Ryan Grove. This software was hosted on Google Code until December 2009 when, due to the additional clause, Google determined that the license was not compliant with the definition of <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source</a> software, which does not permit any restriction on how software may be used.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JSMin-PHP was forced to migrate to a new hosting provider.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/GNU_Project" title="GNU Project">GNU project</a>, the licence conflicts with Freedom 0 of the <a href="/wiki/The_Free_Software_Definition" title="The Free Software Definition">Free Software definition</a>, and although "it may be unenforceable, we cannot presume that", therefore non-free.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crockford's license has caused problems for some open source projects who mistook the license for an open source variant of the MIT license. Affected open source developers have asked Crockford to change the license, but he has continued to use it.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, Crockford changed the license in the JSON Java implementation to <a href="/wiki/Public_Domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Domain">Public Domain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_media">In media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Crockford&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crockford is listed in the acknowledgements of the 1995 hardcover edition of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diamond_Age" title="The Diamond Age">The Diamond Age</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a> as <i>Douglas (Carl Hollywood) Crockford</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Crockford&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/javascriptgoodpa00croc_0"><i>JavaScript: The Good Parts</i></a></span>. O'Reilly. 2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-596-51774-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-596-51774-8"><bdi>978-0-596-51774-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/192027457">192027457</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=JavaScript%3A+The+Good+Parts&rft.pub=O%27Reilly&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F192027457&rft.isbn=978-0-596-51774-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjavascriptgoodpa00croc_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Crockford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crockford.com/image/howjsworks.pdf"><i>How JavaScript Works</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Virgule-Solidus. 2018. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1949815009" title="Special:BookSources/978-1949815009"><bdi>978-1949815009</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1076490570">1076490570</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+JavaScript+Works&rft.pub=Virgule-Solidus&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1076490570&rft.isbn=978-1949815009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crockford.com%2Fimage%2Fhowjsworks.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Crockford" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Crockford&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crockford.com/javascript/jsmin.html">"JSMIN, The JavaScript Minifier"</a>. Crockford.com. December 4, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JSMIN%2C+The+JavaScript+Minifier&rft.pub=Crockford.com&rft.date=2003-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crockford.com%2Fjavascript%2Fjsmin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Crockford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-almaden_bio-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-almaden_bio_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/new_paradigms/crockfor.html">Douglas Crockford speaker biography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070206145513/http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/new_paradigms/crockfor.html">Archived</a> February 6, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> , New Paradigms for Using Computers conference, IBM Almaden Research Center, August 22, 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boosman198703-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-boosman198703_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-boosman198703_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoosman,_Frank1987" class="citation magazine cs1">Boosman, Frank (March 1987). "Designer Profile: Doug Crockford". <i>Computer Gaming World</i> (interview). p. 40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Gaming+World&rft.atitle=Designer+Profile%3A+Doug+Crockford&rft.pages=40&rft.date=1987-03&rft.au=Boosman%2C+Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Crockford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atariarchives.org/APX/showinfo.php?cat=20263">"Atari Program Exchange: Burgers!"</a>. atariarchives.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atari+Program+Exchange%3A+Burgers%21&rft.pub=atariarchives.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atariarchives.org%2FAPX%2Fshowinfo.php%3Fcat%3D20263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Crockford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AnktY6gOmaA">"Hollywood Medieval demo for Atari 8-bit"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. November 26, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/AnktY6gOmaA">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Hollywood+Medieval+demo+for+Atari+8-bit&rft.date=2012-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DAnktY6gOmaA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Crockford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ybo6g_1jr7s">"Ballsong Nr 1 demo for Atari 8-bit"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. February 21, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/ybo6g_1jr7s">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Ballsong+Nr+1+demo+for+Atari+8-bit&rft.date=2012-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dybo6g_1jr7s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Crockford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-expurge-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-expurge_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crockford.com/wrrrld/maniac.html">The Expurgation of Maniac Mansion: A Memoir by Douglas Crockford</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeibel2009" class="citation book cs1">Seibel, Peter (December 21, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2kMIqdfyT8kC&q=electric+communities+e+programming+language"><i>Coders at Work: Reflections on the Craft of Programming</i></a>. Apress. pp. <span class="nowrap">95–</span>96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781430219491" title="Special:BookSources/9781430219491"><bdi>9781430219491</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coders+at+Work%3A+Reflections+on+the+Craft+of+Programming&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E95-%3C%2Fspan%3E96&rft.pub=Apress&rft.date=2009-12-21&rft.isbn=9781430219491&rft.aulast=Seibel&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2kMIqdfyT8kC%26q%3Delectric%2Bcommunities%2Be%2Bprogramming%2Blanguage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Crockford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalprogrammersstories.wordpress.com/2015/02/15/douglas-crockford/">"Douglas Crockford"</a>. <i>GLOBAL PROGRAMMERS STORIES</i>. February 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GLOBAL+PROGRAMMERS+STORIES&rft.atitle=Douglas+Crockford&rft.date=2015-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalprogrammersstories.wordpress.com%2F2015%2F02%2F15%2Fdouglas-crockford%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Crockford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.json.org/fatfree.html">JSON: The Fat-Free Alternative to XML</a>, Douglas Crockford, December 6, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4627">RFC 4627: The application/json Media Type for JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrockford2011" class="citation web cs1">Crockford, Douglas (March 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Heretical-Open-Source/">"Heresy & Heretical Open Source: A Heretic's Perspective"</a>. <i>InfoQ</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InfoQ&rft.atitle=Heresy+%26+Heretical+Open+Source%3A+A+Heretic%27s+Perspective&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.aulast=Crockford&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoq.com%2Fpresentations%2FHeretical-Open-Source%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Crockford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.howjavascriptworks.com/sample.html#0">"How JavaScript Works: Sample Chapter"</a>. <i>www.howjavascriptworks.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Don%27t-be-evil%27+Google+spurns+no-evil+software+%26%23124%3B+Deep+Tech+-+CNET+News&rft.pub=News.cnet.com&rft.date=2009-12-28&rft.aulast=Shankland&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.cnet.com%2F8301-30685_3-10422338-264.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Crockford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFwonko.com2009" class="citation web cs1">wonko.com (December 8, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wonko.com/post/jsmin-isnt-welcome-on-google-code">"JSMin isn't welcome on Google Code"</a>. wonko.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Apebox.Org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+%C2%BB+Evil%2C+or+why+Douglas+Crockford+is+harmful+to+Free+Software&rft.pub=Apebox.Org&rft.date=2012-11-09&rft.au=directhex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapebox.org%2Fwordpress%2Frants%2F456%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Crockford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3693108">"JSON.org License Literally Says it "shall be used for Good, not Evil" | Hacker News"</a>. News.ycombinator.com. January 30, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JSON.org+License+Literally+Says+it+%22shall+be+used+for+Good%2C+not+Evil%22+%26%23124%3B+Hacker+News&rft.pub=News.ycombinator.com&rft.date=2012-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.ycombinator.com%2Fitem%3Fid%3D3693108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Crockford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=63520">"Bug #63520 JSON extension includes a problematic license statement"</a>. bugs.php.net. January 30, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bug+%2363520+JSON+extension+includes+a+problematic+license+statement&rft.pub=bugs.php.net&rft.date=2014-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbugs.php.net%2Fbug.php%3Fid%3D63520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+Crockford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/stleary/JSON-java/issues/686">"Public Domain"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. August 23, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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