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Audiovisual - Wikipedia

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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudiovisueel" title="Oudiovisueel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oudiovisueel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="سمعي بصري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سمعي بصري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%84" title="گؤرسل-ائشیتسل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="گؤرسل-ائشیتسل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiovisual" title="Audiovisual – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Audiovisual" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiovision" title="Audiovision – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Audiovision" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiovisual" title="Audiovisual – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Audiovisual" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%ADdvida" title="Aŭdvida – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aŭdvida" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikus-entzunezko" title="Ikus-entzunezko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ikus-entzunezko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiovisuel" title="Audiovisuel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Audiovisuel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81iseanna_closamhairc" title="Áiseanna closamhairc – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Áiseanna closamhairc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiovisual" title="Audiovisual – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Audiovisual" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%94%94%EC%98%A4%EB%B9%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%96%BC" title="오디오비주얼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오디오비주얼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiovisual" title="Audiovisual – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Audiovisual" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiovisivo" title="Audiovisivo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Audiovisivo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A2_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99" title="מופע אור-קולי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מופע אור-קולי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiovisualis" title="Audiovisualis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Audiovisualis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiovisual" title="Audiovisual – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Audiovisual" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AAng-s%C3%AA" title="Īng-sê – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Īng-sê" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio-visuell" title="Audio-visuell – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Audio-visuell" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiovisual" title="Audiovisual – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Audiovisual" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avdiovizualno_delo" title="Avdiovizualno delo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Avdiovizualno delo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuvaohjelma" title="Kuvaohjelma – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuvaohjelma" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Electronic media with both a sound and a visual component</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Audiovisual.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Audiovisual.jpg/220px-Audiovisual.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Audiovisual.jpg/330px-Audiovisual.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Audiovisual.jpg/440px-Audiovisual.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2484" data-file-height="3081" /></a><figcaption>High-quality audiovisual components reproduce the experience of a live concert</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Audiovisual</b> (<b>AV</b>) is <a href="/wiki/Electronic_media" title="Electronic media">electronic media</a> possessing both a <a href="/wiki/Sound" title="Sound">sound</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Visual" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual">visual</a> component, such as <a href="/wiki/Slide-tape" title="Slide-tape">slide-tape</a> presentations,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">films</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Television program">television programs</a>, corporate conferencing, <a href="/wiki/Church_service" title="Church service">church services</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Live_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Live theater">live theater</a> productions.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Audiovisual service providers frequently offer web streaming, video conferencing, and live broadcast services.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The professional audio visual industry has companies that provide both hardware, software and services. These organisations are commonly referred to as systems integrators and perform both the installation and integration of different types of AV equipment from multiple manufacturers into spaces to create the AV experience for the user. </p><p>Computer-based audiovisual equipment is often used in education, with many schools and universities installing projection equipment and using interactive whiteboard technology.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Components">Components</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiovisual&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aside from equipment installation, two significant elements of audiovisual are wiring and system control. If either of these components are faulty or missing, the system may not demonstrate optimal performance. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Electrical_wiring" title="Electrical wiring">Wiring</a> is a skill that not only requires proper cable rating selection based on a number of factors, including distance to the main rack, frequency and fire codes, but wires should also be out of sight, behind the walls and in the ceiling, when possible. System performance also depends on the integrity of the wires. If wires become exposed or mishandled during cabling, the signals may not transmit fluidly, which could compromise the quality. Wires should be neatly organized into the main component and properly labeled for easy reference. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Control_engineering" title="Control engineering">Control</a> refers to how the system will operate and how all the installed components will communicate. System automation devices from manufacturers like RTI, <a href="/wiki/Crestron_Electronics" title="Crestron Electronics">Crestron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Control4" title="Control4">Control4</a>, <a href="/wiki/AMX_LLC" title="AMX LLC">AMX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lightware" title="Lightware">Lightware</a> and others are programmed to integrate the various components of the system and makes the system easy to use from various devices. For example, when programmed appropriately, a control system can allow a TV in zone one to automatically turn off when the music in zone two is turned on. Without proper control programming, the TV in zone one would stay on, even when the music in zone two is turned on. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Residential">Residential</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiovisual&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Residential"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Generally, residential audiovisual encompasses in-ceiling speakers, flat-panel TVs, projectors, and projector screens. This could include lighting, blinds, cinema rooms, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial">Commercial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiovisual&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Commercial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>professional audiovisual industry</b> is a multibillion-dollar industry, comprising manufacturers, dealers, systems integrators, consultants, programmers, presentations professionals, and technology managers of audiovisual products and services. </p><p>Commercial audiovisual can be a lengthy process to install and configure correctly. Boardroom audiovisuals can be installed for a number of reasons and often is due to the executives of the organization or business needing to have meetings with colleagues, customers and suppliers around the world. When creating an array of boardrooms for customers it beneficial to balance the pattern from the audio and microphone so there is no degradation in sound quality for the individuals listening.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The proliferation of audiovisual <a href="/wiki/Communication_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Communication technology">communications technologies</a>, including sound, video, lighting, display, and projection systems is evident in many sectors of society. This includes business, education, government, the military, healthcare, retail environments, worship, sports and entertainment, hospitality, restaurants, and museums. The application of audiovisual systems can be found in collaborative conferencing (which includes video-conferencing, audio-conferencing, web-conferencing, and data-conferencing), presentation rooms, auditoriums and lecture halls, command and control centers, <a href="/wiki/Digital_signage" title="Digital signage">digital signage</a>, and more. Concerts and corporate events are among the most obvious venues where audiovisual equipment is used in a staged environment. Providers of this type of service are known as rental and staging companies, although they may also be served by an in-house technology team (e.g., in a hotel or conference center). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiovisual&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audiovisual_art" title="Audiovisual art">Audiovisual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audiovisual_education" title="Audiovisual education">Audiovisual education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audiovisual_archive" title="Audiovisual archive">Audiovisual archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audiovisualogy" title="Audiovisualogy">Audiovisualogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology" title="Information and communications technology">Information and communications technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam2jam" title="Jam2jam">Jam2jam</a>, audiovisual software for collaborative performance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">Multimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_music" title="Visual music">Visual music</a>, the visual presentation of sound, another audiovisual expression</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Day_for_Audiovisual_Heritage" title="World Day for Audiovisual Heritage">World Day for Audiovisual Heritage</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiovisual&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Audiovisual</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&amp;su=Audiovisual">Resources in your library</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBarman1984" class="citation journal cs1">Barman, Charles R. (1984). "Slide-Tape Presentations on a Classroom Budget". <i>The American Biology Teacher</i>. <b>46</b> (6). University of California Press: 344–346. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4447864">10.2307/4447864</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4447864">4447864</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+American+Biology+Teacher&amp;rft.atitle=Slide-Tape+Presentations+on+a+Classroom+Budget&amp;rft.volume=46&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=344-346&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4447864&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4447864%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.aulast=Barman&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles+R.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudiovisual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1975" class="citation journal cs1">Allen, William H. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30217831">"Intellectual Abilities and Instructional Media Design"</a>. <i>AV Communication Review</i>. <b>23</b> (2): 139–170. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0001-2890">0001-2890</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=AV+Communication+Review&amp;rft.atitle=Intellectual+Abilities+and+Instructional+Media+Design&amp;rft.volume=23&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=139-170&amp;rft.date=1975&amp;rft.issn=0001-2890&amp;rft.aulast=Allen&amp;rft.aufirst=William+H.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30217831&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudiovisual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clegg 2014, Audiovisual Services</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlyssa2023" class="citation web cs1">Alyssa, Borelli (2023-06-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commercialintegrator.com/security/should-av-integrators-diversify-their-offerings-to-include-security/">"Should AV Integrators Diversify their Offerings to Include Security?"</a>. <i>commercialintegrator.com</i>. commercial integrator<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-09</span></span>. <q>The lines that once separated AV, IT and security are blurring more every day. It might be time for AV integrators to consider diversifying their offerings to include security.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=commercialintegrator.com&amp;rft.atitle=Should+AV+Integrators+Diversify+their+Offerings+to+Include+Security%3F&amp;rft.date=2023-06-07&amp;rft.aulast=Alyssa&amp;rft.aufirst=Borelli&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commercialintegrator.com%2Fsecurity%2Fshould-av-integrators-diversify-their-offerings-to-include-security%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudiovisual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quin 2014, Universal Home Theatre</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quin 2014, Universal Home Theatre</span> </li> </ol></div></div> 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