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mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Potter" title="Louis de Potter – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Louis de Potter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Potter" title="Louis de Potter – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Louis de Potter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Potter" title="Louis de Potter – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Louis de Potter" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Potter" title="Louis de Potter – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Louis de Potter" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_De_Potter" title="Louis De Potter – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Louis De Potter" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AF_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="لويس چوزيف انتوين د پوتير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لويس چوزيف انتوين د پوتير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Potter" title="Louis de Potter – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Louis de Potter" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Поттер, Луи де – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поттер, Луи де" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Potter" title="Louis de Potter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Belgian journalist, revolutionary, politician and writer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Louis de Potter</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Malenchini-Potter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Buste de Louis de Potter (1830) par M. Jacquet (1870), Salle de Lecture du Sénat du Royaume de Belgique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Malenchini-Potter.jpg/220px-Malenchini-Potter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Malenchini-Potter.jpg/330px-Malenchini-Potter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Malenchini-Potter.jpg/440px-Malenchini-Potter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3747" data-file-height="4419" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Louis Joseph Antoine de Potter de Droogenwalle</div><br />26 April 1786<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Bruges,_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruges, Belgium">Bruges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Netherlands" title="Austrian Netherlands">Austrian Netherlands</a><br /><small>(modern-day <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">22 July 1859<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Bruges, Belgium</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Belgian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Demophile</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Journalist, leading Belgian politician, literature author</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">leading briefly the "Central Committee" of the Belgian revolution of 1830</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family</th><td class="infobox-data">de Potter de Droogenwalle</td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>Louis de Potter</b> (26 April 1786 – 22 July 1859), was a <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgian</a> journalist, revolutionary, politician and writer. Out of the more than 100 books and pamphlets, one of the most notable works was his famous <i>Letter to my Fellow Citizens</i> in which he promoted democracy, universal electoral rights and the unity among Belgian liberals and Catholics. As one of the heroes of the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Revolution" title="Belgian Revolution">Belgian Revolution</a>, he proclaimed the independence of Belgium from the Netherlands (from the terrace of the <a href="/wiki/Brussels_City_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels City Hall">Brussels City Hall</a> on 28 September 1830), and inaugurated the first Belgian parliamentary assembly (on 10 November 1830), on behalf of the outgoing <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Belgium" title="Provisional Government of Belgium">Belgian provisional government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_de_Potter&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_famille_be_de_Potter_de_Droogenwalle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Blason_famille_be_de_Potter_de_Droogenwalle.svg/94px-Blason_famille_be_de_Potter_de_Droogenwalle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="94" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Blason_famille_be_de_Potter_de_Droogenwalle.svg/142px-Blason_famille_be_de_Potter_de_Droogenwalle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Blason_famille_be_de_Potter_de_Droogenwalle.svg/189px-Blason_famille_be_de_Potter_de_Droogenwalle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of the de Potter de Droogenwalle family</figcaption></figure> <p>De Potter belonged to a rich noble family (his father was the <a href="/wiki/Esquire" title="Esquire">Esquire</a> Clément de Potter de Droogenwalle) which sought <a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_Germany" title="Asylum in Germany">asylum in Germany</a> after the second <a href="/wiki/French_period" title="French period">French invasion of the Southern Netherlands</a> in 1794 and remained there until the <a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">Consulate</a>. This meant that Louis's education in Bruges remained largely incomplete and so he restarted it during the family's time abroad, wanting to learn Latin, ancient Greek and modern languages. He spent 12 years in Italy (in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> from 1811 to 1821 and in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> from 1821 to 1823) to study the history of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic church">Roman Catholic church</a>, though he studied it with the prejudices which predominated in <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a> thoughts. He then discovered the foundations of the reforms made in the "aristocratic republics of Italy" and those of the revolution for the French republic. While in Rome, he began an affair with the Italian painter, <a href="/wiki/Matilde_Malenchini" title="Matilde Malenchini">Matilde Malenchini</a>, that lasted until 1826. </p><p>In 1816 he had already published his <i>Considérations sur l'histoire des principaux conciles depuis les apôtres jusqu'au Grand Schisme d'Occident</i> (<i>Considerations on the history of the main <a href="/wiki/Church_council" class="mw-redirect" title="Church council">councils</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">apostles</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Great Western Schism</a></i>). In 1821, he completed this first work with another, in six volumes, titled <i>L'Esprit de l'Église ou Considérations sur l'histoire des conciles et des papes, depuis <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> jusqu'à nos jours</i> (<i>The Spirit of the Church, or Considerations on the history of the councils and the popes, from Charlemagne to our own days</i>). </p><p>During his stay in Florence, he had access to the archives and library of Bishop Ricci - minister-counsellor of the Grand-Duke of Habsburg - it was there that he gathered the materials for a third work, <i>Vie de Scipion de Ricci, évêque de Pistoie et de Prato</i> (<i>Life of <a href="/wiki/Scipione_de%27_Ricci" title="Scipione de' Ricci">Scipione de' Ricci</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Pistoia" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Pistoia">Pistoia</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Prato" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Prato">Prato</a></i>). This was published in 1825, and was immediately translated into German and English. The author's aim in this work was to glorify <a href="/wiki/Josephinism" title="Josephinism">Josephinism</a>, the justification of the reforms carried out in <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a> under the auspices of grand duke <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Pietro Leopold I of Tuscany</a>, brother of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De Potter was a founding member of the first <i><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_douze" title="Société des douze">Société des douze</a></i>. </p><p>After a long residence in Germany, France, and Italy, he returned to <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a> in 1823, initially very satisfied to see the northern and southern Netherlands united under the rule of <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William of Nassau</a>. He wrote "I thank fate for destining me to live under <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> political institutions, which, by the principals of moderation and equity, put no barrier in the way of thought". After his father's death, he left Bruges and settled in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, but did not re-assume the title to which his noble blood entitled him. Even so, he had to get a job and was on very good terms with the whole cabinet, or at least with the head of the department of the interior, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_van_Gobbelschroy" title="Pierre van Gobbelschroy">Pierre van Gobbelschroy</a>, his former classmate.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_de_Potter_en_prison.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Louis_de_Potter_en_prison.gif/220px-Louis_de_Potter_en_prison.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Louis_de_Potter_en_prison.gif/330px-Louis_de_Potter_en_prison.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Louis_de_Potter_en_prison.gif/440px-Louis_de_Potter_en_prison.gif 2x" data-file-width="1109" data-file-height="1109" /></a><figcaption>De Potter in prison</figcaption></figure> <p>De Potter began his political career as editor of the liberal opposition journal <i>Le Courrier des Pays-Bas</i>. He deployed his verve as a polemicist against the Catholic clergy, the aristocracy and William I's government. One of his articles, published on 8 November 1828, was a violent pamphlet against the king's ministers and marked the journal's rallying to the cause of <a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Belgium" title="Unionism in Belgium">unionism</a>. Minister of Justice <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Van_Maanen" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornelis Van Maanen">Cornelis Van Maanen</a> hounded de Potter for this opposition to William's government and finally had him found guilty on 20 December 1828, condemning him to 18 months' detention and a fine of 1000 <a href="/wiki/Dutch_guilder" title="Dutch guilder">florins</a>. On 8 January 1830, William I revoked the job and pension of all members of the Belgian <a href="/wiki/States-General_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="States-General of the Netherlands">estates general</a> who opposed his policies. De Potter was then still in prison and there launched the idea of a national subscription to compensate deputies and civil servants who had fallen prey to this measure. </p><p>Van Maanen continued to hound de Potter, this time for plotting against the state and exciting revolt, and so on 30 April 1830 he was sentenced to an 8-year exile by the Brussels <a href="/wiki/Court_of_assizes_(Belgium)" title="Court of assizes (Belgium)">court of assizes</a> for publications composed in prison, such as the pamphlet on the <i>Union of the Catholics and Liberals</i> (de Potter's co-plotters and friends <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Tielemans" title="Jean-François Tielemans">Jean-François Tielemans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Bartels" title="Adolphe Bartels">Adolphe Bartels</a> were condemned to seven years' banishment at the same sitting). He thought of spending his exile in France, but this country refused to welcome him and so he ended up in <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> until the <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">July Revolution</a>, when France did allow him in. After the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Revolution" title="Belgian Revolution">Belgian Revolution</a>, he returned to Brussels and was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Belgium" title="Provisional Government of Belgium">provisional government</a>. In it he was given the specific task of planning the basic laws for the new state of <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>. On 10 November he pronounced the opening of the <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Belgium" title="National Congress of Belgium">National Congress of Belgium</a>, in favour of a Republican regime. After the Congress pronounced itself in favour of a <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">constitutional monarchy</a> on 13 November 1830 he returned to private life and upon the provisional government's downfall he withdrew to France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_de_Potter&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Considérations sur l'histoire des principaux conciles depuis les apôtres jusqu'au Grand Schisme d'Occident</i>, 1816</li> <li><i>L'Esprit de l'Église ou Considérations sur l'histoire des conciles et des papes, depuis Charlemagne jusqu'à nos jours</i>, 6 volumes, 1821</li> <li><i>Vie de Scipion de Ricci, évêque de Pistoie et de Prato</i>, 1825.</li> <li><i>Saint-Napoléon, en paradis et en exil</i>, 1825.</li> <li><i>Lettres de saint Pie V sur les affaires religieuses en France</i>, 1826.</li> <li><i>L'Union des catholiques et des libéraux dans les Pays-Bas</i>, (1ste editie juli 1829, 2e editie, Brussel 1831)</li> <li><i>Lettre de Démophile à M. Van Gobbelschroy sur la garantie de la liberté des Belges à l'époque de l'ouverture de la session des états généraux</i> (1829-1830).</li> <li><i>Lettre de Démophile au roi sur le nouveau projet de loi contre la presse et le message royal qui l'accompagne, 1829</i></li> <li><i>Correspondance de De Potter avec Thielemans, depuis la prison des Petits Carmes</i>, Brussel, 1829</li> <li><i>Lettre à mes concitoyens</i>, Brussel, 1830</li> <li><i>De la Révolution à faire d'après l'expérience des révolutions avortées</i> (1831)</li> <li><i>Éléments de tolérance à l'usage des catholiques belges</i> (1834)</li> <li><i>Questions aux catholiques belges sur l'encyclique de M. de Lamennais</i> (1835).</li> <li><i>Histoire du christianisme</i> (Parijs 1836)</li> <li><i>Résumé de l'histoire du christianisme</i> (1856)</li> <li><i>La Révolution belge de 1828 à 1839, souvenirs personnels</i> (Brussel 1838-39)</li> <li><i>Études sociales</i>, (1843)</li> <li><i>La Justice et la Sanction religieuse</i> (1846)</li> <li><i>La Réalité déterminée par le raisonnement</i> (1848)</li> <li><i>A B C de la science sociale</i> (1848)</li> <li><i>Catéchisme social</i> (1850)</li> <li><i>Catéchisme rationnel</i> (1854)</li> <li><i>Dictionnaire rationnel</i> (1859).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_de_Potter&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> N. de Potter, R. Dalemans, F. Balace, <i>Louis de Potter. Révolutionnaire Belge en 1830</i>, in: Editions Couleur Livres, 2011, col. Histoire de Belgique.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Juste" title="Théodore Juste">Théodore Juste</a>, "Potter (Louis de)", in <i>Biographie nationale de Belgique</i>, vol V, 1876, col. 620-629.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Juste" title="Théodore Juste">Théodore Juste</a>, <i>op cit</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_de_Potter&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Procès porté devant la Cour d'Assises du Brabant Méridional, contre L. De Potter, F. Tielemans, etc.</i>, Brussel, 1830, 2 vol.</li> <li>Lucien JOTTRAND, <i>Louis de Potter</i>, Brussel, 1860</li> <li>Théodore JUSTE, <i>Louis de Potter: membre du gouvernement provisoire. D'après des documents inédits</i>, Brussel, 1874</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Juste" title="Théodore Juste">Th. JUSTE</a>, <i>Louis de Potter</i>, in: Biographie nationale de Belgique, Tome V, 1876, col. 620-629</li> <li>Maurice BOLOGNE, <i>Louis de Potter, histoire d'un homme banni de l'histoire</i>, Luik, z. d. (1930).</li> <li>E. VAN TURENHOUDT, <i>Un Philosophe au Pouvoir, Louis de Potter</i>, Brussel, 1946.</li> <li>Willy VAN HILLE, <i>Histoire de la famille Van Hille</i> (Tablettes des Flandres, Recueil 4), Brugge, 1954, blz. 183-185.</li> <li>Frans BAEKELANDT, <i>Louis de Potter</i>, in: Kontaktblad Gidsenbond Brugge en West-Vlaanderen, oktober, 2004 - idem in: <i>Historische opstellen</i>, Brugge, 2011.</li> <li>René DAELEMANS & Nicolas DE POTTER, <i>Louis de Potter. Révolutionnaire belge en 1830</i>, postface de Francis BALACE, Couleur Livres, Charleroi, 2011.</li> <li>This article incorporates text from the <i>International Cyclopedia</i> of 1890, a publication now in the public domain.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/La_muette_de_Portici" title="La muette de Portici">La muette de Portici</a></i> (August 1830)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Braban%C3%A7onne" title="La Brabançonne">La Brabançonne</a></i> (August 1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Belgium" title="Provisional Government of Belgium">Provisional Government of Belgium</a> (September 1830 – February 1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Belgium" title="National Congress of Belgium">National Congress of Belgium</a> (November 1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Belgium" title="Constitution of Belgium">Constitution of Belgium</a> (February 1831)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5F5DC;">First Belgian monarchs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erasme_Louis_Surlet_de_Chokier" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier">Érasme, Baron Surlet de Chokier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regent</a>; February 1831 – July 1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I_of_Belgium" title="Leopold I of Belgium">Leopold I</a> (<a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Belgians" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Belgians">King of the Belgians</a>; July 1831 – December 1865)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5F5DC;">Important figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Niellon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Niellon (page does not exist)">Charles Niellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dechet" title="Alexandre Dechet">Alexandre Dechet (Jenneval)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_de_M%C3%A9rode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frédéric de Mérode (page does not exist)">Frédéric de Mérode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Van_Halen" title="Juan Van Halen">Juan Van Halen</a><br /><small>(see also <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_National_Congress_of_Belgium" title="List of members of the National Congress of Belgium">List of members of the National Congress</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5F5DC;"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Belgium" title="Provisional Government of Belgium">Provisional Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Gendebien" title="Alexandre Gendebien">Alexandre Gendebien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Jolly" title="André Jolly">André Jolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Rogier" title="Charles Rogier">Charles Rogier</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louis de Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Van_de_Weyer" title="Sylvain Van de Weyer">Sylvain Van de Weyer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feuillien_de_Coppin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feuillien de Coppin (page does not exist)">Feuillien de Coppin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_de_M%C3%A9rode" title="Félix de Mérode">Félix de Mérode</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Vanderlinden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Vanderlinden (page does not exist)">Joseph Vanderlinden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emmanuel_Van_der_Linden_d%27Hooghvorst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emmanuel Van der Linden d'Hooghvorst (page does not exist)">Emmanuel Van der Linden d'Hooghvorst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5F5DC;">de Gerlache Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Constantin_de_Gerlache" title="Étienne Constantin de Gerlache">Étienne Constantin de Gerlache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Brouck%C3%A8re" title="Charles de Brouckère">Charles de Brouckère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Gendebien" title="Alexandre Gendebien">Alexandre Gendebien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Joseph_Goblet_d%27Alviella" title="Albert Joseph Goblet d'Alviella">Albert Goblet d'Alviella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Van_de_Weyer" title="Sylvain Van de Weyer">Sylvain Van de Weyer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5F5DC;">Lebeau I Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lebeau" title="Joseph Lebeau">Joseph Lebeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_Sauvage" class="mw-redirect" title="Étienne de Sauvage">Étienne de Sauvage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Brouck%C3%A8re" title="Charles de Brouckère">Charles de Brouckère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Devaux" title="Paul Devaux">Paul Devaux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5F5DC;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">King William I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">Prince William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Days%27_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Days' Campaign">Ten Days' Campaign (August 1831)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antwerp_(1832)" title="Siege of Antwerp (1832)">Siege of Antwerp (1832)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5F5DC;">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1830" title="London Conference of 1830">London Conference of 1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Eighteen_Articles" title="Treaty of the Eighteen Articles">Treaty of the Eighteen Articles (1831)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1839)" title="Treaty of London (1839)">Treaty of London (1839)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Maastricht_(1843)" title="Treaty of Maastricht (1843)">Treaty of Maastricht (1843)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Rhine" title="Iron Rhine">Iron Rhine Treaty (1873)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5F5DC;">Monuments and honours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Martyrs_of_the_1830_Revolution" title="Monument to the Martyrs of the 1830 Revolution">Monument to the Martyrs of the 1830 Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Column" title="Congress Column">Congress Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Guard_Merit_Medal" title="Civic Guard Merit Medal">Civic Guard Merit Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1830_Star_of_Honour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1830 Star of Honour (page does not exist)">1830 Star of Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross_(Belgium)" title="Iron Cross (Belgium)">Iron Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1830_Volunteers%27_Commemorative_Cross" title="1830 Volunteers' Commemorative Cross">1830 Volunteers' Commemorative Cross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295332#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295332#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295332#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="De Potter, Louis"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/100229441">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2009053199">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb129185297">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb129185297">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p079253946">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=138441">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810609973505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/180616">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14213296">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd100229441.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd172312388.html?language=en">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/100229441">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/058564500">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6bp25z6">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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