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href="#Change_of_auditors_and_transparency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Change of auditors and transparency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Change_of_auditors_and_transparency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Debts_and_rating_downgrade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debts_and_rating_downgrade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Debts and rating downgrade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debts_and_rating_downgrade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Donation_explanation_from_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Donation_explanation_from_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Donation explanation from government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Donation_explanation_from_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bank_Negara_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bank_Negara_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Bank Negara actions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bank_Negara_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Police_reports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Police_reports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Police reports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Police_reports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_lawsuits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_lawsuits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Local lawsuits </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_lawsuits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Government actions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ramifications_and_debt_restructuring_default,_2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ramifications_and_debt_restructuring_default,_2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Ramifications and debt restructuring default, 2016 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ramifications_and_debt_restructuring_default,_2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renewed_investigations_2018-2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renewed_investigations_2018-2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Renewed investigations 2018-2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renewed_investigations_2018-2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investigations_by_foreign_law_enforcement_agencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigations_by_foreign_law_enforcement_agencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Investigations by foreign law enforcement agencies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Investigations_by_foreign_law_enforcement_agencies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Investigations by foreign law enforcement agencies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Investigations_by_foreign_law_enforcement_agencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Cyprus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Hong Kong </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Indonesia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuwait" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuwait"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Kuwait </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuwait-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luxembourg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luxembourg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Luxembourg </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luxembourg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saudi_Arabia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi_Arabia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Saudi Arabia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi_Arabia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seychelles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seychelles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Seychelles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seychelles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singapore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singapore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 Singapore </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singapore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10 Switzerland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Arab_Emirates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Arab_Emirates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.11 United Arab Emirates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Arab_Emirates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.12 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.13 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recovery_of_1MDB_assets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recovery_of_1MDB_assets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Recovery of 1MDB assets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recovery_of_1MDB_assets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_coverage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_coverage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Media coverage </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media_coverage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Media coverage subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Media_coverage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wall_Street_Journal_reporting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wall_Street_Journal_reporting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Wall Street Journal reporting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wall_Street_Journal_reporting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Timeline </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" > 16 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="فضيحة الصندوق السيادي الماليزي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فضيحة الصندوق السيادي الماليزي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esc%C3%A1ndalo_del_1Malaysia_Development_Berhad" title="Escándalo del 1Malaysia Development Berhad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Escándalo del 1Malaysia Development Berhad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="رسوایی توسعه مالزی برهاد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رسوایی توسعه مالزی برهاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandale_de_1Malaysia_Development_Berhad" title="Scandale de 1Malaysia Development Berhad – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Scandale de 1Malaysia Development Berhad" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad սկանդալ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1Malaysia Development Berhad սկանդալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandal_1Malaysia_Development_Berhad" title="Skandal 1Malaysia Development Berhad – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Skandal 1Malaysia Development Berhad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandal_1Malaysia_Development_Berhad" title="Skandal 1Malaysia Development Berhad – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Skandal 1Malaysia Development Berhad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad-skandalen" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad-skandalen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1Malaysia Development Berhad-skandalen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%92%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2_1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="เรื่องอื้อฉาวเบอร์ฮัดการพัฒนา 1มาเลเซีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรื่องอื้อฉาวเบอร์ฮัดการพัฒนา 1มาเลเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1MDB_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%D9%84" title="1MDB اسکینڈل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1MDB اسکینڈل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandalo_de_1Malaysia_Development_Berhad" title="Scandalo de 1Malaysia Development Berhad – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Scandalo de 1Malaysia Development Berhad" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BB%A5_b%C3%AA_b%E1%BB%91i_1Malaysia_Development_Berhad" title="Vụ bê bối 1Malaysia Development Berhad – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vụ bê bối 1Malaysia Development Berhad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E9%86%9C%E8%81%9E" title="一個馬來西亞發展有限公司醜聞 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="一個馬來西亞發展有限公司醜聞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E9%86%9C%E8%81%9E" title="一個馬來西亞發展有限公司醜聞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="一個馬來西亞發展有限公司醜聞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E4%B8%91%E9%97%BB" title="一个马来西亚发展有限公司丑闻 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="一个马来西亚发展有限公司丑闻" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q21005940#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Malaysia" title="Category:History of Malaysia">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malaysia" title="History of Malaysia">History of Malaysia</a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Johnston_S.E._Peninsula_and_Malaysia_Map_National_Atlas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Johnston_S.E._Peninsula_and_Malaysia_Map_National_Atlas.jpg/205px-Johnston_S.E._Peninsula_and_Malaysia_Map_National_Atlas.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Johnston_S.E._Peninsula_and_Malaysia_Map_National_Atlas.jpg/308px-Johnston_S.E._Peninsula_and_Malaysia_Map_National_Atlas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Johnston_S.E._Peninsula_and_Malaysia_Map_National_Atlas.jpg/410px-Johnston_S.E._Peninsula_and_Malaysia_Map_National_Atlas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10281" data-file-height="8421" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.5em; padding-top:0.5em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Malaysia" title="Prehistoric Malaysia">Prehistoric period</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">  <a href="/wiki/Lenggong" title="Lenggong">Lenggong Valley</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2,000,0000 BCE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansuli_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mansuli Valley (page does not exist)">Mansuli Valley</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">235,000 BCE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">  <a href="/wiki/Niah_National_Park" title="Niah National Park">Niah cultures</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 65,000–40,000 BCE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">  Bewah man/woman</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 16,000 BCE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">  Perak man/woman</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 11,000–200 BCE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">  <a href="/wiki/Klang_Bell" title="Klang Bell">Neolithic Klang</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 500 – 200 BCE</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Early kingdoms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kedah" title="History of Kedah">Ancient Kedah</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <100 BCE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Chi_Tu" title="Chi Tu">Chi Tu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 100 BCE–642 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Langkasuka" title="Langkasuka">Langkasuka</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 100 BCE–1474 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Gangga_Negara" title="Gangga Negara">Gangga Negara</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 100 CE–1025</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pan_Pan_(kingdom)" title="Pan Pan (kingdom)">Pan Pan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 424–775</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kedah" title="History of Kedah">Old Kedah</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 170–1135</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Old_Pahang_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Pahang Kingdom">Old Pahang</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 449–1454</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 700s–1025</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1300s</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Rise of Muslim states</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kedah_Sultanate" title="Kedah Sultanate">Kedah Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1136–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Samudera_Pasai_Sultanate" title="Samudera Pasai Sultanate">Samudera Pasai Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1267–1521</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Empire">Brunei Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1368–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1402–1511</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sulu Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1450–1899</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Sultanate" title="Pahang Sultanate">Pahang Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1470–1623</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Aceh_Sultanate" title="Aceh Sultanate">Aceh Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1496–1903</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pattani_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattani Kingdom">Pattani Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1516– 1902</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Johor Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1528–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sarawak" title="Sultanate of Sarawak">Sarawak Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1599–1641</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Selangor" title="Sultan of Selangor">Selangor Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1766–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Besut_Darul_Iman" title="Kingdom of Besut Darul Iman">Besut Kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1780–1899</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Setul_Mambang_Segara" title="Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara">Setul Kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1808–1916</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Reman" title="Kingdom of Reman">Reman Kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1810–1902</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kubang_Pasu_Darul_Qiyam" title="Kingdom of Kubang Pasu Darul Qiyam">Kubang Pasu Kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1839–1864</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Colonial period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1511–1641</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Portuguese_War" title="Dutch–Portuguese War">Dutch–Portuguese War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1601–1661</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Dutch Malacca</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1641–1824</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Kingdom" title="Pahang Kingdom">Pahang Kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1770–1881</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1786–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Siamese_invasion_of_Kedah" title="Siamese invasion of Kedah">Siamese invasion of Kedah</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1821–1826</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1824" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824">Anglo-Dutch Treaty</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1824</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Burney_Treaty" title="Burney Treaty">Burney Treaty</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1826</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Naning_War" title="Naning War">Naning War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1831–1832</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Kingdom of Sarawak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1841–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Jamalullail_(Perlis)" title="House of Jamalullail (Perlis)">Separation of Perlis from Kedah</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1843</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Labuan" title="Crown Colony of Labuan">Crown Colony of Labuan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1848–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Civil_War" title="Pahang Civil War">Pahang Civil War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1857–1863</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Larut_Wars" title="Larut Wars">Larut Wars</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1861–1874</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Klang_War" title="Klang War">Klang War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1867–1874</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pangkor_Treaty_of_1874" title="Pangkor Treaty of 1874">Pangkor Treaty</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1874</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perak_War" title="Perak War">Perak War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1875–1876</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Malaya</a> / <a href="/wiki/British_Borneo" title="British Borneo">Borneo</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1874–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jementah_Civil_War" title="Jementah Civil War">Jementah Civil War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1879</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1882–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Uprising" title="Pahang Uprising">Pahang Uprising</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1891–1895</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mat_Salleh_Rebellion" title="Mat Salleh Rebellion">Mat Salleh Rebellion</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1894–1905</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1895–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Siamese_Treaty_of_1909" title="Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909">Anglo-Siamese Treaty</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1909</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States" title="Unfederated Malay States">Unfederated Malay States</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1909–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Penang" title="Battle of Penang">Battle of Penang</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1914</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kelantan_rebellion" title="Kelantan rebellion">Kelantan rebellion</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1915</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">World War II</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Japanese occupation of Malaya</a> / <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">Borneo</a></div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1941–1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1941–1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">Bornean Campaign</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1941–1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muar" title="Battle of Muar">Battle of Muar</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Parit_Sulong_Massacre" title="Parit Sulong Massacre">Parit Sulong Massacre</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Singapore">Battle of Singapore</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Syburi" title="Syburi">Syburi</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sandakan_Death_Marches" title="Sandakan Death Marches">Sandakan Death Marches</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1942–1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Si_Rat_Malai" title="Si Rat Malai">Si Rat Malai</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1943–1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jesselton_revolt" title="Jesselton revolt">Jesselton revolt</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1943–1944</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Formative period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/British_Military_Administration_(Malaya)" title="British Military Administration (Malaya)">BMA of Malaya</a>/<a href="/wiki/British_Military_Administration_(Borneo)" title="British Military Administration (Borneo)">Borneo</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1945–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo" title="Crown Colony of North Borneo">Crown Colony of N. Borneo</a>/<a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak" title="Crown Colony of Sarawak">Sarawak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1946–1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Anti-cession_movement_of_Sarawak" title="Anti-cession movement of Sarawak">Anti-cession movement</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1946–1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1946–1948</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1948–1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1948–1960</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Baling_Talks" title="Baling Talks">Baling Talks</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1955</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Independence period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Malayan Declaration of Independence">Malayan Independence</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1957</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Self-governance_of_Singapore" title="Self-governance of Singapore">Singapore self-governance</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1959</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Act_1960" title="Internal Security Act 1960">ISA 1960</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1960–2012</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Sarawak Insurgency</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1962–1990</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_Self-government_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="North Borneo Self-government Day">North Borneo self-governance</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Konfrontasi</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1963–1966</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Independence_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarawak Independence Day">Sarawak self-governance</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Day" title="Malaysia Day">Formation of Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_Malaysia" title="Singapore in Malaysia">Singapore in Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1963–1965</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">ASEAN Declaration</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Malaysia_(1968%E2%80%931989)" title="Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989)">Second communist insurgency</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1968–1989</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Modern period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/13_May_incident" title="13 May incident">13 May incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1969</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/National_Operations_Council" title="National Operations Council">National Operations Council</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1969–1971</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rukun_Negara" title="Rukun Negara">Declaration of Rukun Negara</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1970</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_New_Economic_Policy" title="Malaysian New Economic Policy">New Economic Policy</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1971–1990</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Territories of Malaysia">Federal Territory of KL</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1974</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1977_Kelantan_Emergency" title="1977 Kelantan Emergency">1977 Kelantan Emergency</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1977</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pedra_Branca_dispute" title="Pedra Branca dispute">Pedra Branca dispute</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1979–2008</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea" title="Territorial disputes in the South China Sea">South China Sea dispute</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spratly_Islands_dispute" title="Spratly Islands dispute">Spratly</a>)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1980–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dawn_Raid_(Malaysia)" title="Dawn Raid (Malaysia)">Dawn Raid</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1981</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan">Federal Territory of Labuan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1984</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Memali_Incident" title="Memali Incident">Memali incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1985</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Lalang" title="Operation Lalang">Operation Lalang</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1987</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1988_Malaysian_constitutional_crisis" title="1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis">Constitutional crisis</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1987–1988</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Peace_Agreement_of_Hat_Yai_(1989)" title="Peace Agreement of Hat Yai (1989)">Peace Agreement of Hat Yai</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1989</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1993_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="1993 amendments to the Constitution of Malaysia">Royal Immunity Amendments</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1993</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis#Malaysia" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">Asian financial crisis</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1997–1998</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Reformasi_(Malaysia)" title="Reformasi (Malaysia)">Reformasi Movement</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1998–2022</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2008_Malaysian_Opposition_Wave" title="2008 Malaysian Opposition Wave">2008 Malaysian Opposition Wave</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2008</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="2009 swine flu pandemic in Malaysia">H1N1 flu pandemic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2009–2010</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2014_Malaysian_sedition_dragnet" title="2014 Malaysian sedition dragnet">Sedition Dragnet</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2014</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1MDB scandal</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2015–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2018_Malaysian_general_election" title="2018 Malaysian general election">Pakatan Harapan takeover</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2018</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">COVID-19 pandemic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2020–2022</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932022_Malaysian_political_crisis" title="2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis">Political crisis</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2020–2022</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2021_amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="2021 amendment to the Constitution of Malaysia">Bornean Amendment</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2021–2023</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Green_Wave_(Malaysia)" title="Green Wave (Malaysia)">Green Wave</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2022–present</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Incidents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Brunei_revolt" title="Brunei revolt">Brunei revolt</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1962–1966</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">North Borneo dispute</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cross_border_attacks_in_Sabah" title="Cross border attacks in Sabah">Philippine militant attacks</a>)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1962–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1964_race_riots_in_Singapore" title="1964 race riots in Singapore">Singapore race riots</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1964</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Limbang_District" title="Limbang District">Brunei's Limbang claim</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1967–2009</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1967_Penang_Hartal_riot" title="1967 Penang Hartal riot">Penang Hartal riot</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/13_May_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="13 May Incident">13 May Incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1969</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ligitan_and_Sipadan_dispute" title="Ligitan and Sipadan dispute">Ligitan and Sipadan dispute</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1969–2002</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1971_Kuala_Lumpur_floods" title="1971 Kuala Lumpur floods">Kuala Lumpur flash floods</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1971</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_haze" title="Southeast Asian haze">Malaysian haze crisis</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1972–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1975_AIA_building_hostage_crisis" title="1975 AIA building hostage crisis">AIA building hostage crisis</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1975</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/National_Monument_(Malaysia)" title="National Monument (Malaysia)">National Monument bombing</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1975</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Campbell_Shopping_Complex_fire" title="Campbell Shopping Complex fire">Campbell Shopping Complex fire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1976</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1976_Sabah_Air_GAF_Nomad_crash" title="1976 Sabah Air GAF Nomad crash">Sabah Air GAF Nomad crash</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1976</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Lines_Flight_715" title="Japan Air Lines Flight 715">Japan Airlines Flight 715 incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1977</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Airline_System_Flight_653" title="Malaysian Airline System Flight 653">MH653 incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1977</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1985_Lahad_Datu_ambush" title="1985 Lahad Datu ambush">1985 Lahad Datu ambush</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1985</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Memali_Incident" title="Memali Incident">Memali Incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1985</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1986_Sabah_riots" title="1986 Sabah riots">Sabah Emergency</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1986</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1987_Ming_Court_Affair" title="1987 Ming Court Affair">Ming Court Affair</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1987</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abdul_Halim_ferry_terminal_bridge_collapse" title="Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal bridge collapse">Penang terminal bridge collapse</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1988</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1989_Taufiqiah_Al-Khairiah_madrasa_fire" title="1989 Taufiqiah Al-Khairiah madrasa fire">Taufiqiah Al-Khairiah madrasa fire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1989</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Bright_Sparklers_Fireworks_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Bright Sparklers Fireworks disaster">Bright Sparklers disaster</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1991</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Highland_Towers_collapse" title="Highland Towers collapse">Highland Towers collapse</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1993</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Genting_Sempah%E2%80%93Genting_Highlands_Highway" title="Genting Sempah–Genting Highlands Highway">Genting landslide</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1995</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_2133" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 2133">MH2133 incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1995</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1996_Pos_Dipang_mudflow" title="1996 Pos Dipang mudflow">Pos Dipang mudflow</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1996</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Depression_Greg_(1996)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical Depression Greg (1996)">Tropical Storm Greg</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1996</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1998%E2%80%931999_Malaysia_Nipah_virus_outbreak" title="1998–1999 Malaysia Nipah virus outbreak">1998–1999 Malaysia Nipah virus outbreak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1998–1999</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2000_Sipadan_kidnappings" title="2000 Sipadan kidnappings">2000 Sipadan kidnappings</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2000</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27unah" title="Al-Ma'unah">Al-Ma'unah incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2000</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sauk_Siege" title="Sauk Siege">Sauk Siege</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2000</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2001_Kampung_Medan_riots" title="2001 Kampung Medan riots">2001 Kampung Medan riots</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2001</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2002_Taman_Hillview_landslide" title="2002 Taman Hillview landslide">2002 Taman Hillview landslide</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2002</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Effect_of_the_2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_on_Malaysia" title="Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on Malaysia">Indian Ocean tsunami</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2004</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%932007_Southeast_Asian_floods" title="2006–2007 Southeast Asian floods">2006–2007 Southeast Asian floods</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2006–2007</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2007_Bukit_Gantang_bus_crash" title="2007 Bukit Gantang bus crash">Bukit Gantang bus crash</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2007</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2008_Bukit_Antarabangsa_landslide" title="2008 Bukit Antarabangsa landslide">Bukit Antarabangsa landslide</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2008</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="2009 swine flu pandemic in Malaysia">2009 swine flu pandemic in Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2009</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2010_attacks_against_places_of_worship_in_Malaysia" title="2010 attacks against places of worship in Malaysia">Attacks against places of worship</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2010</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2010_Cameron_Highlands_bus_crash" title="2010 Cameron Highlands bus crash">Cameron Highlands bus crash</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2010</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2011_Hulu_Langat_landslide" title="2011 Hulu Langat landslide">Hulu Langat landslide</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2011</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2013_Genting_Highlands_bus_crash" title="2013 Genting Highlands bus crash">Genting Highlands bus crash</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2013</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 370">MH370 incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2014</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">MH17 incident</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2014</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Malaysia_floods" class="mw-redirect" title="2014–15 Malaysia floods">2014–15 Malaysia floods</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2014–2015</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2015_Sabah_earthquake" title="2015 Sabah earthquake">Sabah earthquake</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2015</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2015_Plaza_Low_Yat_riot" title="2015 Plaza Low Yat riot">2015 Plaza Low Yat riot</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2015</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2016_Movida_Bar_grenade_attack" title="2016 Movida Bar grenade attack">Movida Bar grenade attack</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2016</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Kim_Jong-nam" title="Assassination of Kim Jong-nam">Kim Jong-nam's Assassination</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2017_Darul_Quran_Ittifaqiyah_madrasa_fire" title="2017 Darul Quran Ittifaqiyah madrasa fire">Darul Quran madrasa fire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Maha_Mariamman_Temple_riot" title="Sri Maha Mariamman Temple riot">2018 Subang Temple riot</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2018</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Malaysian_floods" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–21 Malaysian floods">2020-21 Malaysia floods</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2021</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2021_Kelana_Jaya_LRT_collision" title="2021 Kelana Jaya LRT collision">LRT train collision</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2021</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Malaysian_floods" title="2021–2022 Malaysian floods">2021-22 Malaysia floods</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2021–2022</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2022_Batang_Kali_landslide" title="2022 Batang Kali landslide">2022 Batang Kali landslide</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2022</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2023_Elmina_plane_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Elmina plane crash">2023 Elmina plane crash</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2023</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2024_Lumut_mid-air_collision" title="2024 Lumut mid-air collision">2024 Lumut helicopters crash</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2024</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2024_Ulu_Tiram_police_station_attack" title="2024 Ulu Tiram police station attack">2024 Ulu Tiram police station attack</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2024</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">By topic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunications_in_Malaysia" title="History of telecommunications in Malaysia">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Malaysian_Constitution" title="History of the Malaysian Constitution">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Malaysia" title="Economic history of Malaysia">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Malaysia#History" title="Immigration to Malaysia">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_legal_history" title="Malaysian legal history">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Malaysia" title="Military history of Malaysia">Military</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">By region</div><div 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: #000080"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#000080;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dato_Sri_Mohd_Najib_Tun_Razak_(9to12).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Dato_Sri_Mohd_Najib_Tun_Razak_%289to12%29.JPG/75px-Dato_Sri_Mohd_Najib_Tun_Razak_%289to12%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Dato_Sri_Mohd_Najib_Tun_Razak_%289to12%29.JPG/113px-Dato_Sri_Mohd_Najib_Tun_Razak_%289to12%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Dato_Sri_Mohd_Najib_Tun_Razak_%289to12%29.JPG/150px-Dato_Sri_Mohd_Najib_Tun_Razak_%289to12%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3309" data-file-height="4411" /></a></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#000080;color: #FFF;"><div>This article is part of a series about</div><a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak#Early_and_personal_life" title="Najib Razak">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak#Election_results" title="Najib Razak">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak_controversies" title="Najib Razak controversies">Controversies</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Najib_Razak" title="Premiership of Najib Razak">Prime Minister of Malaysia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Najib_Razak_government" title="Economic policy of the Najib Razak government">Economic policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Economic_Model" title="New Economic Model">New Economic Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidy_reform_in_Malaysia" title="Subsidy reform in Malaysia">Subsidy reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goods_and_Services_Tax_(Malaysia)" title="Goods and Services Tax (Malaysia)">GST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Transformation_Programme_(Malaysia)" title="Government Transformation Programme (Malaysia)">GTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformasi_Nasional_2050" title="Transformasi Nasional 2050">Transformasi Nasional 2050</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur%E2%80%93Singapore_high-speed_rail" title="Kuala Lumpur–Singapore high-speed rail">KL-Singapore rail link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tun_Razak_Exchange" title="Tun Razak Exchange">Tun Razak Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_Rapid_Transit_Corporation_(Malaysia)" title="Mass Rapid Transit Corporation (Malaysia)">MRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Malaysia" title="Bandar Malaysia">Bandar Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 370">MH370</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Offences_(Special_Measures)_Act_2012" title="Security Offences (Special Measures) Act 2012">Security Offences Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Malaysian_sedition_dragnet" title="2014 Malaysian sedition dragnet">Sedition dragnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Malaysia)" title="National Security Council (Malaysia)">National Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1Malaysia" title="1Malaysia">1Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bersih" title="Bersih">Bersih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkap_Najib_rally" title="Tangkap Najib rally">Tangkap Najib rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_People%27s_Housing_Programme" title="1Malaysia People's Housing Programme">Housing Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Kim_Jong-nam" title="Assassination of Kim Jong-nam">Assassination of Kim Jong-nam</a></li></ul> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1MDB scandal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal" title="Timeline of the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad">1MDB</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Cabinets</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Najib_cabinet" title="First Najib cabinet">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Najib_cabinet" title="Second Najib cabinet">II</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Family</div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosmah_Mansor" title="Rosmah Mansor">Rosmah Mansor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riza_Aziz" title="Riza Aziz">Riza Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazifuddin_Najib" title="Nazifuddin Najib">Nazifuddin Najib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Razak_Hussein" title="Abdul Razak Hussein">Abdul Razak Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahah_Noah" title="Rahah Noah">Rahah Noah</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Shaariibuugiin_Altantuyaa" title="Murder of Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa">Murder of Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="skin-invert-image"><a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak's signature"><img alt="Najib Razak's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Najib_Razak_Signature.svg/100px-Najib_Razak_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Najib_Razak_Signature.svg/150px-Najib_Razak_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Najib_Razak_Signature.svg/200px-Najib_Razak_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="518" /></a></div> <a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Najib_Tun_Razak" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Najib Tun Razak">Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Najib_Razak" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Najib Razak">Quotes</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Najib_Razak_sidebar" title="Template:Najib Razak sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Najib_Razak_sidebar" title="Template talk:Najib Razak sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Najib_Razak_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Najib Razak sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal, often referred to as the 1MDB scandal or just 1MDB, is an ongoing <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">bribery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a> <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy" title="Conspiracy">conspiracy</a> in which the Malaysian <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">sovereign wealth fund</a> <a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad">1Malaysia Development Berhad</a> (1MDB) was systematically <a href="/wiki/Embezzlement" title="Embezzlement">embezzled</a>, with assets diverted globally by the perpetrators of the scheme.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Although it began in 2009 in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, the scandal's global scope implicated institutions and individuals in politics, banking, and entertainment, and led to criminal investigations in a number of nations. The 1MDB scandal has been described as "one of the world's greatest financial scandals"<a href="#cite_note-BBC-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-3">[3]</a> and declared by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> as the "largest <a href="/wiki/Kleptocracy" title="Kleptocracy">kleptocracy</a> case to date" in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> A 2015 <a href="/wiki/Document_leak" class="mw-redirect" title="Document leak">document leak</a> reported in <a href="/wiki/The_Edge_(Malaysia)" title="The Edge (Malaysia)">The Edge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Report" title="Sarawak Report">Sarawak Report</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> showed that <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>'s then-Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a> had channeled over <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">RM</a> 2.67 billion (about US$700 million) into his personal bank accounts from 1MDB, a government-run strategic development company.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The alleged mastermind of the scheme, <a href="/wiki/Jho_Low" title="Jho Low">Jho Low</a>, was central in the movement of 1MDB funds internationally through <a href="/wiki/Shell_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell company">shell companies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Offshore_bank" title="Offshore bank">offshore bank accounts</a>. As of 2018, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> found that Low and other conspirators including officials from Malaysia, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> diverted more than US$4.5 billion from 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> These funds were used to purchase luxury items and properties, including superyacht <a href="/wiki/Equanimity_(yacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equanimity (yacht)">Equanimity</a>, and finance the American film company <a href="/wiki/Red_Granite_Pictures" title="Red Granite Pictures">Red Granite Pictures</a> and the production of <a href="/wiki/The_Wolf_of_Wall_Street_(2013_film)" title="The Wolf of Wall Street (2013 film)">The Wolf of Wall Street</a> and other films.<a href="#cite_note-:3-7">[7]</a> 1MDB funds supported lavish lifestyles for Low, Najib and his wife <a href="/wiki/Rosmah_Mansor" title="Rosmah Mansor">Rosmah Mansor</a>, and established Najib's stepson <a href="/wiki/Riza_Aziz" title="Riza Aziz">Riza Aziz</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a>. Attempts were also made for embezzled funds to be put towards political donations and <a href="/wiki/Lobbying_in_the_United_States" title="Lobbying in the United States">lobbying</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The revelations became a major <a href="/wiki/Political_scandal" title="Political scandal">political scandal</a> in Malaysia, triggering protests and backlash. After several Malaysian investigations were opened, Najib responded by dismissing several of his critics from government positions, including his deputy <a href="/wiki/Muhyiddin_Yassin" title="Muhyiddin Yassin">Muhyiddin Yassin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Malaysia" title="Attorney General of Malaysia">attorney-general</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Gani_Patail" title="Abdul Gani Patail">Abdul Gani Patail</a>. Charges against Najib were subsequently dismissed.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Among Najib's critics was former ally and Malaysia's fourth Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a>,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> who chaired the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Citizens%27_Declaration" title="Malaysian Citizens' Declaration">Malaysian Citizens' Declaration</a>, bringing together political figures and other organisations in calling for Najib Razak's resignation or removal. The Malaysian <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Rulers" title="Conference of Rulers">Conference of Rulers</a> called for prompt investigation of the scandal, saying that it was causing a crisis of confidence in Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Outside of Malaysia, investigations into financial and criminal activity relating to 1MDB opened in at least six countries.<a href="#cite_note-:3-7">[7]</a> According to its publicly filed accounts, 1MDB had nearly RM 42 billion (US$11.73 billion) in debt by 2015.<a href="#cite_note-:9-13">[13]</a> Some of this debt resulted from a $3 billion state-guaranteed 2013 bond issue led by the American investment bank <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a>, which had been reported to have received fees of up to $300 million for the deal, although the bank disputes this figure.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Nevertheless, Goldman Sachs was charged under the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act" title="Foreign Corrupt Practices Act">Foreign Corrupt Practices Act</a> and agreed to pay over $2.9 billion in a settlement with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> (DOJ).<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> American rapper <a href="/wiki/Pras" title="Pras">Pras</a>, former Goldman Sachs chairman <a href="/wiki/Tim_Leissner" title="Tim Leissner">Tim Leissner</a> and fundraiser <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Broidy" title="Elliott Broidy">Elliott Broidy</a> were among those charged in the United States in connection with 1MDB. After the <a href="/wiki/2018_Malaysian_general_election" title="2018 Malaysian general election">2018 election</a>, the newly elected prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a>, reopened Malaysian investigations into the scandal.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The Malaysian Immigration Department barred Najib<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> and 11 others<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> from leaving the country, while the police seized more than 500 handbags and 12,000 pieces of jewellery estimated to be worth US$270 million from property linked to Najib, the largest seizure of goods in Malaysian history.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Najib was later charged with criminal <a href="/wiki/Breach_of_fiduciary_duty" class="mw-redirect" title="Breach of fiduciary duty">breach of trust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abuse_of_power" title="Abuse of power">abuse of power</a>, while alleged mastermind <a href="/wiki/Jho_Low" title="Jho Low">Jho Low</a>, by then an international <a href="/wiki/List_of_fugitives_from_justice_who_disappeared" title="List of fugitives from justice who disappeared">fugitive</a>, was charged with money laundering.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Najib was subsequently found guilty of seven charges connected to SRC International, a 1MDB subsidiary, and was sentenced to twelve years' imprisonment.<a href="#cite_note-:1-21">[21]</a> In September 2020, the alleged amount stolen from 1MDB was estimated to be US$4.5 billion and a Malaysian government report listed 1MDB's outstanding debts to be at US$7.8 billion.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The government has <a href="/wiki/Loan_guarantee" title="Loan guarantee">assumed</a> 1MDB's debts, which includes 30-year bonds due in 2039.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In August 2021, the United States had recovered and returned a total of US$1.2 billion of 1MDB funds misappropriated within its <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a>,<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> joining countries such as Singapore and several others which have also initiated recovery or that have already repatriated smaller recovered amounts.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background,_key_perpetrators">Background, key perpetrators</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background, key perpetrators">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad">1Malaysia Development Berhad</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a> became <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister of Malaysia</a> in 2009. In his first year in office, he established <a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad">1Malaysia Development Berhad</a> (1MDB), a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">sovereign wealth fund</a>, which sought out to make strategic investments and alleviate <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Malaysia" title="Poverty in Malaysia">poverty</a>, as part of his <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_economic_policy_under_Prime_Minister_Najib" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian economic policy under Prime Minister Najib">economic liberalisation policy</a> and trademark <a href="/wiki/1Malaysia" title="1Malaysia">1Malaysia</a> program.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-2">[2]</a> The fund had a budget of $1 billion to invest, with Najib having the sole authority to sign off investments and manage the personnel on its board and management team.<a href="#cite_note-:5-26">[26]</a> His wife is <a href="/wiki/Rosmah_Mansor" title="Rosmah Mansor">Rosmah Mansor</a>, whose son is <a href="/wiki/Riza_Aziz" title="Riza Aziz">Riza Aziz</a> from a previous relationship.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jho_Low" title="Jho Low">Jho Low</a> is a Malaysian businessman and financier from <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a>. Despite not having a formal position at 1MDB, Low supported its establishment and was given extensive access to the fund due to high-profile political connections in Malaysia and the Middle East, and entertainment connections in the United States. Low joined high-level meetings and facilitated numerous deals.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tim_Leissner" title="Tim Leissner">Tim Leissner</a> is a German banker who was chairman of American investment bank <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> in its <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> ventures. Leissner was credited with making lucrative deals for Goldman in the region in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">financial crisis of 2007–2008</a>. The head of Goldman Sachs in Malaysia, Roger Ng, introduced Leissner to Jho Low. Leissner and Ng worked with Low and used his political connections to establish deals and orchestrate the scheme.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scheme">Scheme</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Scheme">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (June 2022)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">US DOJ</a> described the scheme as involving three phases. In August 2009, Najib and Low met with representatives of private oil company PetroSaudi on a yacht in <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> to discuss 1MDB's first investment. This included Saudi royal <a href="/wiki/Turki_bin_Abdullah_Al_Saud_(born_1971)" title="Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud (born 1971)">Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud</a> and Saudi national Tarek Obaid. During a subsequent visit to <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, Najib signed a $2.5 billion joint venture between PetroSaudi and 1MDB. The DOJ later said this was used as a "pretence" to move $1 billion into a <a href="/wiki/Swiss_bank_account" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss bank account">Swiss bank account</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-26">[26]</a> An additional $1.4 billion was then raised by <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Bond_issue" class="mw-redirect" title="Bond issue">bond issue</a> and misappropriated into a bank account in Switzerland. An additional $1.3 billion from Goldman Sachs was also diverted into a bank account in Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-:5-26">[26]</a> US authorities say that Goldman Sachs, particularly Roger Ng, were central with orchestrating the scheme, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">laundering of money</a> from the fund, some of which was used to pay <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">bribes</a> to officials in Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates.<a href="#cite_note-:6-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_funds">Use of funds</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Use of funds">edit</a>]</div> More than $4 billion was stolen from the 1MDB fund and spent by perpetrators on art, <a href="/wiki/Diamond_(gemstone)" title="Diamond (gemstone)">diamonds</a> and property.<a href="#cite_note-:6-27">[27]</a> Low allegedly used 1MDB funds to support a lavish lifestyle in the United States. The DOJ traced $100m from the PetroSaudi deal to the purchase of properties in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a> and $40m to apartments in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-2">[2]</a> He established friendships with musicians <a href="/wiki/Swizz_Beats" class="mw-redirect" title="Swizz Beats">Swizz Beats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alicia_Keys" title="Alicia Keys">Alicia Keys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pras" title="Pras">Pras</a>, was pictured partying with socialite <a href="/wiki/Paris_Hilton" title="Paris Hilton">Paris Hilton</a>, and used funds to purchase luxury items for model <a href="/wiki/Miranda_Kerr" title="Miranda Kerr">Miranda Kerr</a> and singer <a href="/wiki/Elva_Hsiao" title="Elva Hsiao">Elva Hsiao</a>, with whom he was romantically involved.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-2">[2]</a> Hollywood film production company <a href="/wiki/Red_Granite_Pictures" title="Red Granite Pictures">Red Granite Pictures</a>, co-founded by Riza Aziz and <a href="/wiki/Joey_McFarland" title="Joey McFarland">Joey McFarland</a> in 2010, also reportedly received misappropriated funds. The DOJ suggested these were put towards the production of <a href="/wiki/The_Wolf_of_Wall_Street_(2013_film)" title="The Wolf of Wall Street (2013 film)">The Wolf of Wall Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daddy%27s_Home_(film)" title="Daddy's Home (film)">Daddy's Home</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dumb_and_Dumber_To" title="Dumb and Dumber To">Dumb and Dumber To</a>, and by 2017 had seized <a href="/wiki/Royalty_payment" title="Royalty payment">royalties</a> from all three films.<a href="#cite_note-:7-28">[28]</a> Jho Low was personally thanked in the credits of The Wolf of Wall Street.<a href="#cite_note-:7-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Malaysian_investigations_and_actions">Malaysian investigations and actions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Malaysian investigations and actions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Change_of_auditors_and_transparency">Change of auditors and transparency</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Change of auditors and transparency">edit</a>]</div> The RM 425 million profit declared between 25 September 2009 and 31 March 2010 raised many criticisms and controversies about the lack of transparency in 1MDB's published accounts. <a href="/wiki/Tony_Pua" title="Tony Pua">Tony Pua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)">DAP</a> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Petaling_Jaya" title="Petaling Jaya">Petaling Jaya</a> Utara, questioned Najib, 1MDB's advisory board chairman, as to whether the figures were the result of an asset injection into 1MDB by the government such as the transfer of land rights to the company.<a href="#cite_note-insider-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> During the October 2010 parliamentary session, 1MDB explained that its accounts had been fully audited and signed off by <a href="/wiki/KPMG" title="KPMG">KPMG</a>, and closed as of 31 March 2010. <a href="/wiki/Deloitte" title="Deloitte">Deloitte</a> was involved in the valuation and analysis of the portfolio, while <a href="/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young" title="Ernst & Young">Ernst & Young</a> provided tax advice for 1MDB. 1MDB eventually rang alarm bells by asking for a six-month extension on the filing of its annual report with the <a href="/wiki/Companies_Commission_of_Malaysia" title="Companies Commission of Malaysia">Companies Commission of Malaysia</a> (CCM) due by 30 September 2013. At the same time, the change of three auditors since its inception in 2009 was considered suspicious.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Responding to earlier criticism, CCM said that 1MDB had responded and lodged the necessary information, including registering an address, as required by law.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Simpang_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Simpang Airport">Sungai Besi airport</a> land transfer took place in June 2011 as a precedent for the development known as <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Malaysia" title="Bandar Malaysia">Bandar Malaysia</a>, a mixed integrated project of commercial, residential, and hi-tech green environment.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Prior to this, there had been questions in parliament by the opposition regarding the lack of progress on Bandar Malaysia even though 1MDB had already raised RM 3.5 billion in loans and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic bond">Islamic bonds</a> to fund the project and take ownership of the land.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> In April 2013, 1MDB finally awarded a RM 2.1 billion contract to Perbadanan Perwira Harta Malaysia (PPHM), a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Lembaga_Tabung_Angkatan_Tentera" class="mw-redirect" title="Lembaga Tabung Angkatan Tentera">Lembaga Tabung Angkatan Tentera</a> (LTAT) to develop eight sites for the relocation of <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Besi_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Besi Airport">Pangkalan Udara Kuala Lumpur</a>, the military base on the Sungai Besi land that was to be developed.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The construction of Bandar Malaysia was set to commence following the completion of this relocation. As part of its debt rationalisation plan, on 31 December 2015, 1MDB signed an agreement with a consortium comprising Iskandar Waterfront Holdings and <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_Engineering_Corporation" title="China Railway Engineering Corporation">China Railway Engineering Corporation</a> to sell 60% of its stake in Bandar Malaysia Sdn Bhd.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> However, this deal eventually fell through.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> On 7 September 2015, a member of the board of advisors to 1MDB, <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Samad_Alias" title="Abdul Samad Alias">Abdul Samad Alias</a>, resigned stating that he did so after many of his requests for information on 1MDB affairs were ignored.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> 1MDB subsequently denied receiving repeated requests from Abdul Samad, stating that its president, Arul Kanda, had personally met Abdul Samad in January and March that year to "discuss the company's affairs".<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> 1MDB had not had a proper external accounts audit since 2013, partly as a result of <a href="/wiki/Deloitte" title="Deloitte">Deloitte</a> Malaysia, their auditors at the start of that period, issuing a statement in July 2016 saying that their audit reports of 1MDB financial statements, dated 28 March 2014 and 5 November 2014 covering financial years 2013 and 2014 respectively, should no longer be relied upon.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> By early March 2015, with public discontent growing at the perceived lack of financial transparency at 1MDB, the Prime Minister, who was also the Chairman of 1MDB's Board of Advisors, ordered the <a href="/wiki/Auditor_General_of_Malaysia" title="Auditor General of Malaysia">Auditor General of Malaysia</a> to carry out an audit of 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> However, on completion of the audit, the final report was classified as an <a href="/wiki/Official_Secrets_Act" title="Official Secrets Act">Official Secret</a> and only made available to the <a href="/wiki/Public_Accounts_Committee_(Malaysia)" title="Public Accounts Committee (Malaysia)">Public Accounts Committee</a> (PAC) tasked to investigate improprieties at 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Purported copies of the report however surfaced on the internet.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> After Najib's ouster in the 2018 general election, the much-leaked audit report was declassified by the new government on 12 May 2018.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In May 2018, after the formation of the new Cabinet following <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a>'s victory in the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_general_election,_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian general election, 2018">General Elections</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(Malaysia)" title="Minister of Finance (Malaysia)">Finance Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Lim_Guan_Eng" title="Lim Guan Eng">Lim Guan Eng</a> ordered the appointment of <a href="/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers" class="mw-redirect" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers">PricewaterhouseCoopers</a> (PwC) to conduct a special position audit and review of 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Debts_and_rating_downgrade">Debts and rating downgrade</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Debts and rating downgrade">edit</a>]</div> It was reported that by early 2015, 1MDB has accumulated debts of nearly RM 42 billion.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Further alleged financial challenges caused 1MDB bonds to trade at a record low.<a href="#cite_note-:9-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Additionally, the Malaysian cabinet rejected a requested RM 3 billion cash injection by 1MDB, narrowing its options to pay off its debts on time.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Donation_explanation_from_government">Donation explanation from government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Donation explanation from government">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Najib_Razak_2008-08-21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Najib_Razak_2008-08-21.jpg/170px-Najib_Razak_2008-08-21.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Najib_Razak_2008-08-21.jpg/255px-Najib_Razak_2008-08-21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Najib_Razak_2008-08-21.jpg/340px-Najib_Razak_2008-08-21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3717" data-file-height="4763" /></a><figcaption>Former Malaysian Prime Minister Najib has been heavily linked to 1MDB's eventual insolvency.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></figcaption></figure> On 3 August 2015, the MACC stated that the RM 2.6 billion that had been banked into Najib's personal account came from donors, not 1MDB, but did not elaborate on who the donors were or why the funds were transferred, nor why this explanation had taken so long to emerge since the allegations were first made on 2 July 2015.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-60">[60]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">UMNO</a> Kuantan division chief Wan Adnan Wan Mamat later claimed that the RM 2.6 billion was from Saudi Arabia as thanks for fighting <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIS</a>. He further claimed that the Muslim community in the Philippines as well as southern Thailand had also received similar donations, and that since the donations were made to Najib personally as opposed to UMNO, the funds were deposited into Najib's personal accounts.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Saudi Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Adel_al-Jubeir" title="Adel al-Jubeir">Adel al-Jubeir</a> said he was aware of the donation, and said that it was a genuine donation with nothing expected in return.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Attorney-general Mohamad Apandi Ali has said that the donation was from one of the sons of the late Saudi King <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">Abdullah</a>,<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> namely <a href="/wiki/Turki_bin_Abdullah_Al_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud">Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vecono-66">[66]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>, WSJ finance editor Ken Brown stated that the money did not come from the Saudis and they had evidence that it came from companies related to 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bank_Negara_actions">Bank Negara actions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bank Negara actions">edit</a>]</div> Using the premise that 1MDB had used inaccurate or incomplete disclosure of information, Bank Negara, in early 2016, revoked permissions previously granted to 1MDB for investments abroad totalling $1.83 billion.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Bank Negara then called for the Attorney General to begin criminal prosecution of 1MDB after completing its own investigations into 1MDB fund transfers.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> 1MDB responded that they were unable to repatriate the $1.83 billion demanded by Bank Negara because the funds had already been utilized.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Police_reports">Police reports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Police reports">edit</a>]</div> The scandal took a dramatic twist on 28 August 2015 when a member of Najib Razak's own UMNO party filed a civil suit against him alleging a breach of duties as trustee and that he defrauded party members by failing to disclose receipt of the donated funds, and account for their use.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> This suit was filed in the <a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Malaysia">Kuala Lumpur High Court</a> and also named party executive secretary Abdul Rauf Yusof. Expressing fear that Najib Razak would wield influence to remove any member of UMNO "for the sole purpose of avoiding liability", the court was also being moved for an injunction to restrain UMNO, its Supreme Council, state liaison body, divisions and branches from removing the nominal plaintiff as a party member pending the determination of the suit. The plaintiff was also seeking a repayment amounting to $650 million, the amount allegedly deposited by Najib to a Singapore bank, an account of all monies that he had received in the form of donations, details of all monies in an AmPrivate Banking Account, allegedly belonging to Najib, along with damages, costs, and other reliefs.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> One of the UMNO representatives, Anina Saadudin, who filed the lawsuit, was immediately expelled from the party.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Another police report was filed by a <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> UMNO member, Abdul Rashed Jamaludin, against Najib Razak, over the funds that went into his bank account and other wrongdoings at 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Another UMNO member, Khairuddin Abu Hassan, and his lawyer Matthias Chang, had submitted evidence on the 1MDB scandal to the Swiss attorney general for investigation into whether any Swiss banks had done business with 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Khairuddin also lodged a police report in Hong Kong against Najib Razak and Jho Low, pertaining to four companies: Alliance Assets International, Cityfield Enterprises, Bartingale International and Wonder Quest Investment, which had purported dealings with 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Khairuddin and Matthias were barred from leaving Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Khairuddin and Matthias were charged under the <a href="/wiki/Security_Offences_(Special_Measures)_Act_2012" title="Security Offences (Special Measures) Act 2012">Security Offenses Act</a> (SOSMA) under the pretext of sabotaging Malaysia's banking and financial sector.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_lawsuits">Local lawsuits</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Local lawsuits">edit</a>]</div> The opposition <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Justice_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Justice Party (Malaysia)">People's Justice Party</a> (PKR) filed a lawsuit against Najib Razak, <a href="/wiki/Tengku_Adnan_Tengku_Mansor" title="Tengku Adnan Tengku Mansor">Tengku Adnan Tengku Mansor</a>, 1MDB and the <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Malaysia" title="Election Commission of Malaysia">Election Commission</a> accusing them of violating election laws on campaign expenses, using funds from 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> However, the Malaysian High Court threw out the suit, stating PKR had no legal standing to bring the suit against Najib and 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Former Prime Minister Mahathir has filed a lawsuit against Najib Razak for alleged interference in government investigations on 1MDB and the RM 2.6 billion political donation.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_actions">Government actions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Government actions">edit</a>]</div> Following criticisms of the 1MDB issue, deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Muhyiddin_Yassin" title="Muhyiddin Yassin">Muhyiddin Yassin</a> was removed from office and his position was given to then Home Minister <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zahid_Hamidi" title="Ahmad Zahid Hamidi">Ahmad Zahid Hamidi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Also removed from office was Rural and Regional Development Minister <a href="/wiki/Shafie_Apdal" title="Shafie Apdal">Shafie Apdal</a> who was also critical of the 1MDB issue.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Both were eventually expelled from UMNO in June 2016. The attorney general <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Gani_Patail" title="Abdul Gani Patail">Abdul Gani Patail</a>, who was heading a multi-agency task force investigating claims of misappropriations of funds allegedly involving Najib Razak and 1MDB, was dismissed and his position given to <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Apandi_Ali" title="Mohamed Apandi Ali">Mohamed Apandi Ali</a>, a former Federal Court judge.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Additionally, the Public Action Committee that was investigating the purported losses in 1MDB was indefinitely postponed due to four of its members being given positions in Najib Razak's cabinet, namely the PAC chairman Nur Jazlan Mohamed, Reezal Merican Naina Merican, Wilfred Madius Tangau and Mas Ermieyati Samsudin.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> The news publications The Edge Malaysia and The Edge Financial Daily were suspended, for three months in July 2015 for allegedly publishing false reports about 1MDB issues, by the Malaysian Home Ministry.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Also in 2015, the website Sarawak Report was blocked by <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Communications_and_Multimedia_Commission" title="Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission">Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission</a>, which regulates Internet services in Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The Malaysian police also issued an arrest warrant for <a href="/wiki/Clare_Rewcastle_Brown" title="Clare Rewcastle Brown">Clare Rewcastle Brown</a>, who was managing the Sarawak Report, alleging involvement in activities detrimental to parliamentary democracy and disseminating false reports about prime minister Najib.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The police also arrested UMNO member Khairuddin Abu Hassan after he lodged police reports in London, Singapore, France and Hong Kong regarding alleged financial improprieties by 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> According to his lawyer, Khairuddin was going to the United States to meet with the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI) to urge them to probe 1MDB over money laundering.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> However, the FBI's New York City office confirmed to the WSJ that no agent had arranged to meet Khairuddin or had any previous contact with him.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Former <a href="/wiki/List_of_Menteris_Besar_of_Kedah" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Menteris Besar of Kedah">Kedah Menteri Besar</a> <a href="/wiki/Mukhriz_Mahathir" title="Mukhriz Mahathir">Mukhriz Mahathir</a> resigned his office on 3 February 2016, saying he did so because he had been told by Najib Razak that he was in the wrong by criticising him and 1MDB publicly.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Four months later, in June, Mukhriz was expelled from UMNO. His father, Mahathir Mohamad, who had been Malaysia's fourth prime minister and who had been a Najib supporter since Najib assumed office, withdrew his support and quit UMNO later that same month.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Opposition member of parliament <a href="/wiki/Rafizi_Ramli" title="Rafizi Ramli">Rafizi Ramli</a> was arrested and charged under the <a href="/wiki/Official_Secrets_Act_1972" title="Official Secrets Act 1972">Official Secrets Act</a> by the police and the government for leaking information about the Auditor General's report on 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> The Home Ministry stated that they and <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a> had been unsuccessful in locating various individuals linked to 1MDB to help in facilitating their investigations, including business tycoon Jho Low, 1MDB's former senior executives Casey Tang Keng Chee and Jasmine Loo Ai Swan, SRC International managing director Nik Faisal Ariff Kamil, and Deutsche Bank country manager Yusof Annuar Yaacob.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Internet access was blocked by the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Communications_and_Multimedia_Commission" title="Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission">Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission</a> (MCMC), to websites including <a href="/wiki/Medium_(website)" title="Medium (website)">Medium.com</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Social_journalism" title="Social journalism">social journalism</a> platform over just a single article posted by Sarawak Report.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Another website, <a href="/wiki/Asia_Sentinel" title="Asia Sentinel">Asia Sentinel</a>, was blocked after carrying a Sarawak Report article related to MACC completing a probe that allegedly resulted in 37 charges being drawn up against Najib.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-asiasentinel.com-134">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Malaysian_Insider" title="The Malaysian Insider">The Malaysian Insider</a> was also blocked and its journalists investigated for carrying a report alleging that the MACC had found enough evidence in its investigations into Najib to charge him for corruption.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Blocks were removed shortly after the handover of power from Najib's government in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Malaysian_general_election" title="2018 Malaysian general election">2018 general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ramifications_and_debt_restructuring_default,_2016">Ramifications and debt restructuring default, 2016</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ramifications and debt restructuring default, 2016">edit</a>]</div> The Malaysian Public Accounts Committee (PAC) inquiry into 1MDB revealed that the management of the fund acted without the board's approval and misled auditors several times,<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> calling for the police to investigate its former manager.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> The PAC also found that the board of directors in which Najib Razak was the chairman failed in giving proper oversight of the fund's finances.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> The 1MDB board of directors immediately submitted their resignations after the PAC findings were made public.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> The PAC report stated that US$3.5 billion was paid to a company, Aabar Investments PJS, but IPIC released a statement that neither it or its subsidiary Aabar Investments PJS have any links to a British Virgin Islands-incorporated firm Aabar BVI or received any money from that BVI firm.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> International Petroleum Investment Company made an announcement in a filing in the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a> that 1MDB failed to make a US$1.1 billion payment as part of its <a href="/wiki/Debt_restructuring" title="Debt restructuring">debt restructuring</a> agreement, and that the debt deal between the two companies has been terminated.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renewed_investigations_2018-2021">Renewed investigations 2018-2021</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Renewed investigations 2018-2021">edit</a>]</div> After the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_general_election,_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian general election, 2018">14th Malaysian general election</a> on 9 May 2018 which marked a historic defeat for the <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> coalition led by Najib Razak, <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a> formed a new government led by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a>. The government set up a special task force headed by former Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Malay_styles_and_titles" title="Malay styles and titles">Tan Sri</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Gani_Patail" title="Abdul Gani Patail">Abdul Gani Patail</a> to renew investigations into the 1MDB scandal.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> The government barred Najib Razak from leaving the country, and the police seized cash and valuable items amounting to between RM 900 million and RM 1.1 billion ($220 million and $269 million) from residential units linked to Najib and his wife <a href="/wiki/Rosmah_Mansor" title="Rosmah Mansor">Rosmah Mansor</a>. As claimed by the police, this was the biggest seizure in Malaysian history, with the seized items comprising more than 12,000 pieces of jewelry, 423 valuable watches and 567 handbags made up of 37 luxury brands.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Najib was subsequently arrested by the MACC.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> In September 2018, he faced 25 charges relating to abuse of power and money laundering amounting to RM 2.3 billion ($556 million), on top of seven charges with criminal breach of trust and power abuse brought against him in the preceding two months.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> As of April 2019, he stands with 42 charges. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Equanimity,_the_seized_yacht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Equanimity%2C_the_seized_yacht.jpg/220px-Equanimity%2C_the_seized_yacht.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Equanimity%2C_the_seized_yacht.jpg/330px-Equanimity%2C_the_seized_yacht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Equanimity%2C_the_seized_yacht.jpg/440px-Equanimity%2C_the_seized_yacht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2530" data-file-height="2052" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Superyacht" title="Superyacht">Superyacht</a> <a href="/wiki/Equanimity_(yacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equanimity (yacht)">Equanimity</a> was seized by Indonesian authorities in 2018 and returned to Malaysia after being allegedly purchased by <a href="/wiki/Jho_Low" title="Jho Low">Jho Low</a> with embezzled 1MDB funds.</figcaption></figure> The government has also issued arrest warrants against Jho Low and former director of SRC International Nik Faisal Ariff Kamil in a graft probe related to the state fund 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> On 28 June 2018, two days before the end of his employment contract, 1MDB sacked its president and Chief Executive Officer Arul Kanda on grounds of dereliction of duties.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Media reports from June 2018 also indicate that the MACC froze bank accounts associated with UMNO, purportedly in relation to investigations into the 1MDB matter.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> In August 2018, Malaysian police filed criminal charges against Jho Low and his father Larry Low over money laundering of US$457 million, which was allegedly stolen from 1MDB and most of the cash used for purchasing the superyacht <a href="/wiki/Equanimity_(yacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equanimity (yacht)">Equanimity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> From 29 October through 28 November 2018, the Equanimity was up for auction by investigators (pending a US$1 million deposit).<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> It was eventually sold to the <a href="/wiki/Genting_Group" title="Genting Group">Genting Group</a> at $126 million.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> In December 2018, the Attorney-General Chambers of Malaysia filed criminal charges against subsidiaries of Goldman Sachs, their former employees Tim Leissner and Roger Ng Chong Hwa, former 1MDB employee Jasmine Loo, and Jho Low in connection with 1MDB bond offerings arranged and underwritten by Goldman Sachs in 2012 and 2013. The prosecutors were seeking criminal fines in excess of $2.7 billion misappropriated from the bonds proceeds, $600 million in fees received by Goldman Sachs, as well as custodial sentences against the individuals accused.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> During an investigation into the 1MDB scandal in January 2020, Najib Tun Razak asked the then UAE crown prince, <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" title="Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan">Mohammed Bin Zayed</a> to help fabricate a loan agreement showing his stepson had received financing from IPIC and not from 1MDB in an attempt to cover up the scandal, according to the audio clips revealed by Malaysian anti-corruption officials.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> On 28 July 2020, Najib was found guilty in all seven charges related to SRC and was sentenced to 12 years' jail and a fine of RM 210 million ($49.5 million).<a href="#cite_note-:1-21">[21]</a> Respectively on 8 December 2021 and 23 August 2022, the Court of Appeal and the Federal Court upheld the conviction and sentence of Najib in all the SRC cases, in which Najib was found guilty of misappropriating RM42mil from the company's coffers.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> On 1 September 2022, Najib's wife <a href="/wiki/Rosmah_Mansor" title="Rosmah Mansor">Rosmah Mansor</a> was also found guilty of three counts of corruption by the Malaysian High Court and sentenced to both a ten-year term of imprisonment and a RM970 million fine.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investigations_by_foreign_law_enforcement_agencies">Investigations by foreign law enforcement agencies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Investigations by foreign law enforcement agencies">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> The Australian fund management company Avestra Asset Management, which managed up to RM 2.32 billion in 1MDB funds, is being liquidated, and is under investigation by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_and_Investments_Commission" title="Australian Securities and Investments Commission">Australian Securities and Investments Commission</a> for reported breaches of the law and potential losses to its members.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> The <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">Australian High Court</a> has ordered five investment schemes run by Avestra to close down after discovering undisclosed related-party transactions, with 13 potential breaches of corporate law and failure to invest according to the fund's individual mandates.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyprus">Cyprus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cyprus">edit</a>]</div> Jho Low's Cyprus passport is revoked by a decision of the Cypriot cabinet.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Hong Kong">edit</a>]</div> In 2015, Hong Kong police began investigations regarding $250 million in <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a> branch deposits in Hong Kong linked to Najib Razak and 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Indonesia">edit</a>]</div> Indonesia seized the superyacht <a href="/wiki/Equanimity_(yacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equanimity (yacht)">Equanimity</a> on 28 February 2018 on the island of <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a> at the request of the U.S. Department of Justice, as part of a corruption investigation linked to the 1MDB scandal.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> The Indonesian government returned the yacht to Malaysia in August 2018, following the activation of the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties between Indonesia, the United States and Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kuwait">Kuwait</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Kuwait">edit</a>]</div> In 2023, Jho Low was sentenced in absentia to 10 years in jail in Kuwait.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Luxembourg">edit</a>]</div> State prosecutors in Luxembourg have also started money laundering investigations concerning 1MDB as it involved transfers of several hundred million dollars to an offshore company involving a bank account from Luxembourg.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> The bank in question is a private bank of the <a href="/wiki/Edmond_de_Rothschild_Group" title="Edmond de Rothschild Group">Edmond de Rothschild Group</a> that manages money on behalf of wealthy clients.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saudi_Arabia">Saudi Arabia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Saudi Arabia">edit</a>]</div> On August 3, 2015, the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) declared that the RM 2.6 billion deposited into Prime Minister Najib Razak's personal account originated from donors, not 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-:10-60">[60]</a> Attorney-General Mohamad Apandi Ali attributed the funds to Prince Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud.<a href="#cite_note-vecono-66">[66]</a> Prince Turki was one of the 11 princes detained in November 2017.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> It was reported in August 2023 that after a trial he was sentenced to 17 years in prison. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seychelles">Seychelles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Seychelles">edit</a>]</div> In 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>'s Financial Intelligence Unit announced that it is helping an international investigation into the troubled state fund 1MDB, by providing detailed information relating to offshore entities registered in Seychelles that are related to the international investigation.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> 1MDB has not contested, and appears unlikely to contest, any lawsuit which has arisen from the investigations of foreign investigating authorities.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singapore">Singapore</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Singapore">edit</a>]</div> In Singapore, the <a href="/wiki/Monetary_Authority_of_Singapore" title="Monetary Authority of Singapore">Monetary Authority of Singapore</a> (MAS) and the <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Affairs_Department" title="Commercial Affairs Department">Commercial Affairs Department</a> have seized a number of bank accounts in Singapore for possible money-laundering offences related to investigations into alleged financial mismanagement at 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> One of the bank accounts frozen belonged to Yak Yew Chee, who was the relationship manager for 1MDB Global Investments Ltd, Aabar Investment PJS Limited and SRC International and <a href="/wiki/Jho_Low" title="Jho Low">Low Taek Jho</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> Singaporean Yeo Jiawei, an ex-BSI banker, has been charged with money laundering and cheating offences as part of the Singapore probe into 1MDB, and Yeo's dealings with firms linked to 1MDB, Brazen Sky Ltd. and Bridge Partners Investment Management.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> A second individual, Kelvin Ang Wee Keng, was charged with corruption in connection with the Singaporean investigation into 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> According to a joint statement from the Attorney General's Chambers and the Monetary Authority of Singapore, assets totalling S$240 million have been seized during their investigations into 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> Of the bank accounts and properties seized were S$120 million belonging to Jho Low and his family.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> In March 2017, MAS issued a 10-year prohibition order against former <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> banker <a href="/wiki/Tim_Leissner" title="Tim Leissner">Tim Leissner</a> for making false statements on behalf of his bank without its knowledge.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> The prohibition order, which prevents him from performing any regulated activity under the Securities and Futures Act and from managing any capital market services firm in Singapore, was extended in December 2018 from 10 years to lifetime after he admitted to charges related to an investigation into the 1MDB scandal.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> In September 2018, the Singapore State Courts granted the return of 1MDB monies with a total value of S$15.3 million to Malaysia while solicitors for the Malaysian government stated that efforts to recover other unlawfully misappropriated assets were ongoing.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Switzerland">edit</a>]</div> Swiss authorities under the direction of the Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland began to freeze bank accounts amounting to several million US dollars linked to 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> The Swiss attorney general's office said its investigation revealed indications that funds estimated to be US$4 billion may have been misappropriated and said it was looking into four cases of potential criminal conduct.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> The Swiss prosecutor has said that money had been deposited into Swiss bank accounts of former Malaysian public officials and current and former officials of United Arab Emirates.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Financial_Market_Supervisory_Authority" title="Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority">Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority</a> (Finma) has begun investigations into several Swiss banks as part of the money laundering probe involving 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> On 15 March 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss parliament">Swiss parliament</a> rejected a motion to return seized monies from their investigations into 1MDB to the Malaysian people, as had been lobbied for by Swiss politicians and non-governmental bodies.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> However, on 10 July 2018, Swiss Attorney General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Lauber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Lauber (page does not exist)">Michael Lauber</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Lauber" class="extiw" title="de:Michael Lauber">de</a>] indicated that Switzerland would not enrich itself by keeping illicit or stolen assets and be able to have the monies returned by legal obligations.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> On 25 April 2023, Swiss prosecutors indicted 2 managers of Saudi oil company Petrosaudi.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> They were put on trial in April 2024.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Arab_Emirates">United Arab Emirates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: United Arab Emirates">edit</a>]</div> The United Arab Emirates imposed travel bans on, froze the bank accounts of, and subsequently arrested <a href="/wiki/Khadem_al-Qubaisi" title="Khadem al-Qubaisi">Khadem al-Qubaisi</a>, the former managing director of the Abu Dhabi sovereign-wealth fund International Petroleum Investment Company, and Mohammed Badawy al-Husseiny, his deputy and CEO of its subsidiary Aabar Investments.Both individuals had close ties to 1MDB and utilized the British Virgin Islands-based <a href="/wiki/Aabar_Investments_PJS" class="mw-redirect" title="Aabar Investments PJS">Aabar Investments PJS</a> to channel money from 1MDB into various accounts and companies globally.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> In 2019, al-Qubaisi and al-Husseiny were sentenced in Abu Dhabi to 15 and 10 years in prison, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a>]</div> In September 2020, the U.S. Department of Justice initiated civil forfeiture proceedings against funds held by law firm <a href="/wiki/Clyde_%26_Co" title="Clyde & Co">Clyde & Co</a> in London, United Kingdom. The US$330 million were misappropriated 1MDB money, apparently intended for an oil project in Venezuela that later failed.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Riza_Aziz,_Producer_from_Red_Granite_Pictures.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Riza_Aziz%2C_Producer_from_Red_Granite_Pictures.jpg/170px-Riza_Aziz%2C_Producer_from_Red_Granite_Pictures.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Riza_Aziz%2C_Producer_from_Red_Granite_Pictures.jpg/255px-Riza_Aziz%2C_Producer_from_Red_Granite_Pictures.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Riza_Aziz%2C_Producer_from_Red_Granite_Pictures.jpg/340px-Riza_Aziz%2C_Producer_from_Red_Granite_Pictures.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Riza_Aziz" title="Riza Aziz">Riza Aziz</a>, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Red_Granite_Pictures" title="Red Granite Pictures">Red Granite Pictures</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> reported in 2015 that the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> had begun investigations into money laundering involving 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> The international corruption unit of the US Department of Justice (DOJ) began a probe into property purchases in the United States involving Najib Razak's stepson <a href="/wiki/Riza_Aziz" title="Riza Aziz">Riza Aziz</a> and the transfer of millions of dollars into Najib Razak's personal account.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> The probe was looking at properties purchased by shell companies belonging to Riza Aziz and close family friend Jho Low.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> Investment banks such as <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a> & Co., <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a> AG and <a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo" title="Wells Fargo">Wells Fargo</a> were asked by the DOJ to retain and turn over records that might be related to improper transfers from 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> The FBI issued subpoenas to several past and present employees of film production company <a href="/wiki/Red_Granite_Pictures" title="Red Granite Pictures">Red Granite Pictures</a>, co-founded by Riza Aziz, also its chairman, in regards to allegations that US$155 million was diverted from 1MDB to help finance the 2013 film <a href="/wiki/The_Wolf_of_Wall_Street_(2013_film)" title="The Wolf of Wall Street (2013 film)">The Wolf of Wall Street</a>.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> Also under scrutiny by the FBI and DOJ was the role of global investment bank Goldman Sachs in alleged money laundering and corruption.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> The FBI probed the connection between Najib and a regional top executive of Goldman Sachs, and the nature of the latter's involvement in multibillion-dollar deals with 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> Tim Leissner, the former chairman of Goldman Sachs' Southeast Asia branch and husband of <a href="/wiki/Kimora_Lee_Simmons" title="Kimora Lee Simmons">Kimora Lee Leissner</a>, was issued a subpoena by the DOJ as part of their investigations.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> In the July 2016 DOJ civil lawsuit,<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> a high-ranking government official having control over 1MDB, who was referred to more than 30 times as "Malaysian Official 1" ("MO1"), was alleged to have received around US$681 million (RM 2.8 billion) of stolen 1MDB money via Falcon Bank in Singapore on 21 and 25 March 2013, of which US$650 million (RM 2.0 billion) was sent back to Falcon Bank on 30 August 2013.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> In September 2016, Najib Razak was identified as "MO1" by Datuk <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Dahlan" title="Abdul Rahman Dahlan">Abdul Rahman Dahlan</a>, then Minister in the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister's Department">Prime Minister's Department</a>.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> The wife of "MO1", <a href="/wiki/Rosmah_Mansor" title="Rosmah Mansor">Rosmah Mansor</a>, was also alleged to have received US$30 million worth of jewels financed from pilfered 1MDB funds.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> In June 2017, the DOJ began actions to recover more than US$1 billion from people close to Najib and 1MDB,<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> seizing assets including high-end properties in <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverly Hills">Beverly Hills</a>, Los Angeles, Manhattan, New York City and London,<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> as well as fine artwork, a private jet, a luxury yacht and royalties from the film The Wolf of Wall Street and its production company Red Granite Pictures.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> On 7 March 2018, in California courts, the producers of the film agreed to pay US$60 million to settle DOJ's claims that they financed the movie with money siphoned from 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> The claims were settled in August 2018, with the settlement stipulating that the payment should not be construed as "an admission of wrongdoing or liability on the part of Red Granite".<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> On 1 November 2018, the DOJ announced that two former Goldman Sachs bankers, Tim Leissner and Roger Ng, as well as Malaysian fugitive financier Jho Low, were charged over funds misappropriated from 1MDB and paying bribes to various Malaysian and Abu Dhabi officials. Tim Leissner admitted in a plea that more than US$200 million in proceeds from 1MDB bonds flowed into accounts controlled by him and a relative.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> He agreed to forfeit US$43.7 million (RM 185 million) and pleaded guilty to conspiring to launder money and violate the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act" title="Foreign Corrupt Practices Act">Foreign Corrupt Practices Act</a>, while Roger Ng was arrested in Malaysia at the request of DOJ and extradited to the US for prosecution before returning and facing charges in Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> According to Roger Ng's lawyers, he was infected with Dengue fever and leptospirosis while in Malaysian jail and lost a significant amount of weight.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> On 30 November 2018, the DOJ announced that George Higginbotham, a former DOJ employee, pleaded guilty to conspiracy to deceive US banks about the source and purpose of foreign funds for a lobbying campaign against the US investigations into the 1MDB scandal. The DOJ filed a lawsuit to recover more than US$73 million (RM 305 million) in American bank accounts that Higginbotham helped open on behalf of Jho Low to finance the lobbying campaign.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> Further in May 2019, the DOJ announced that it had charged Jho Low and former <a href="/wiki/Fugees" title="Fugees">Fugees</a> rapper <a href="/wiki/Pras" title="Pras">Pras</a> for conspiring to funnel US$21.6 million from overseas accounts into the <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> On 1 November 2019, Barron's reported that Jho Low had forfeited over $100 million in luxury homes as part of a settlement with prosecutors in the United States. Overall, he agreed to give up some $700 million in assets to the U.S. Department of Justice to have charges dropped, without admitting guilt.<a href="#cite_note-threehundredsixteen-289">[289]</a> <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Broidy" title="Elliott Broidy">Elliott Broidy</a> was charged by the Federal authorities in the violation of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Agents_Registration_Act" title="Foreign Agents Registration Act">Foreign Agents Registration Act</a> as per public court filing published on 8 October 2020. Broidy reportedly took $6 million from agents of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> to lobby officials from the administration to end the investigation 1MDB scandal. Broidy was also charged for lobbying <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> officials in alignment to <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a>'s interest.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> On 23 February 2022, the star witness in the bribery trial of former Goldman Sachs Group Inc banker Roger Ng being held in New York, testified that ex-Goldman chief <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Blankfein" title="Lloyd Blankfein">Lloyd Blankfein</a> met in 2009 with then Malaysian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a> just ahead of big bond deals for the country's 1MDB fund — and that the meeting came with an agenda. In return for the lucrative business, Goldman was to get Najib's three children jobs at the bank.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> On 24 February, Najib's daughter Nooryana Najwa Najib has confirmed that she did try to apply for a job at Goldman Sachs. She said she once met two former Goldman Sachs employees, Roger Ng and Tim Leissner as part of her networking efforts to land a "competitive job".<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> Ultimately, an officer within Goldman rejected progressing with any job offer within the group.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> On 24 February 2022, it was announced that the trial of Roger Ng had been paused because the prosecutors did not share more than 15,000 documents with the defense lawyers representing Robert Ng.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> Ng was convicted of conspiring to launder money and bribe officials in Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates as well as violating the internal accounting controls of his employer under the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act" title="Foreign Corrupt Practices Act">Foreign Corrupt Practices Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-297">[297]</a> $4.5 billion of the stolen money was laundered through U.S. financial institutions.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recovery_of_1MDB_assets">Recovery of 1MDB assets</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Recovery of 1MDB assets">edit</a>]</div> As of May 2019, Malaysia had recovered US$322 million (RM1.3 billion) worth of 1MDB assets since its renewed investigations into the 1MDB scandal after the 14th General Election in May 2018.<a href="#cite_note-:0-299">[299]</a> Steps have been taken to preserve the value of the assets caught up in the case, including the sale of the <a href="/wiki/Park_Lane_Hotel_(Manhattan)" title="Park Lane Hotel (Manhattan)">Park Lane Hotel</a> in New York in November 2018, a step endorsed by the U.S. DOJ, in accordance with the rule of law and on the basis of no admission of wrongdoing or liability.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> In August 2018, Malaysian authorities seized a yacht allegedly purchased by Low, selling it some eight months later to minimize the costs associated with maintaining it. A spokesperson for Low described the seizure as "illegal".<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a> returned gifts received from Low to US authorities in 2017, including an Oscar received by <a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> and paintings by <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Picasso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Basquiat" title="Jean-Michel Basquiat">Jean-Michel Basquiat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-28">[28]</a> The recovered funds include the sum of US$126 million from the Equanimity judicially sold to the <a href="/wiki/Genting_Group" title="Genting Group">Genting Group</a>, US$139 million to be returned by the United States after sale of Jho Low's interest in <a href="/wiki/Park_Lane_Hotel_(Manhattan)" title="Park Lane Hotel (Manhattan)">Park Lane Hotel</a> in Manhattan, and US$57 million from a forfeiture settlement of Red Granite Pictures, which has been repatriated to Malaysia after deducting the costs incurred for investigations, seizures and litigation.<a href="#cite_note-:0-299">[299]</a> Apart from the above, another sum of S$50 million (RM152 million) related to 1MDB has been ordered by the Singapore Courts to be repatriated.<a href="#cite_note-:0-299">[299]</a> Malaysia has been working with at least six countries to recover about US$4.5 billion worth of assets allegedly stolen from 1MDB,<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> in which US$1.7 billion (RM7 billion) worth of assets have been sought by the DOJ to forfeit.<a href="#cite_note-:0-299">[299]</a> On 15 April 2020, it was reported that the DOJ had returned US$300 million in funds stolen during the 1MDB scandal to Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-The_Sun_15_April_2020-304">[304]</a> On 24 July 2020, it was announced that the Malaysian government would receive US$2.5 billion in cash from Goldman Sachs, and a guarantee from the bank they would also return US$1.4 billion in assets linked to 1MDB bonds.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> Put together this was substantially less than the US$7.5 billion that had been previously demanded by the Malaysian finance minister. At the same time, the Malaysian government agreed to drop all criminal charges against the bank and that it would cease legal proceedings against 17 current and former Goldman directors. Some commentators argued that Goldman had got away with a very good deal.<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> In January 2022, the Malaysian government received RM 333 million ($111 million) as a fine from the local affiliate of KPMG in settlement of the lawsuit filed against it.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> Reports by Offshore Alert indicate that actions to recover further misappropriated assets are ongoing in various jurisdictions.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_coverage">Media coverage</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Media coverage">edit</a>]</div> In January 2015, around 227,000 leaked documents related to the fraud were provided to investigative journalist <a href="/wiki/Clare_Rewcastle_Brown" title="Clare Rewcastle Brown">Clare Rewcastle Brown</a>, who writes <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Report" title="Sarawak Report">Sarawak Report</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-26">[26]</a> The documents were leaked by Swiss national Xavier Justo, a former PetroSaudi International employee.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> Xavier Justo was then targeted by a violent online smear campaign led by "Team Jorge," an Israeli disinformation company working for wealthy clients. In late 2020, a website and YouTube channel impersonating him portrayed him as a mercenary who acted solely to enrich himself and whose word is unreliable. This site and channel are widely circulated on social networks by fake accounts as part of a larger smear operation, calling him a thief, a drug addict, a blackmailer.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> In February 2015, <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Edge_(Malaysia)" title="The Edge (Malaysia)">The Edge</a> newspapers and <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Report" title="Sarawak Report">Sarawak Report</a> blog, referencing the leaked email correspondences and documents obtained by Rewcastle Brown, reported that Penang-based Low Taek Jho, who has ties Najib Razak, siphoned out US$700 million from a joint venture deal between 1MDB and PetroSaudi International through an entity named Good Star Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-314">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> Although Low never received an official position in 1MDB, he is described as someone who was regularly consulted about 1MDB without having any decision-making authority.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> An email revealed that Low had the loan approval from Najib for $1 billion without getting any approval from <a href="/wiki/Bank_Negara_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank Negara Malaysia">Bank Negara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> According to a 2022 report by German local news site Neckarstadtblog,<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> Suaad A. Al-Attas, former wife of Mohammed Badawy Al Husseiny, received nearly US$40 million from the 1MDB scandal and later acted as a shareholder in a company owned by German real estate developer Tom Bock, providing a loan of nearly €5.5 million, suggesting that some of the funds used in the Turley real estate project in Mannheim, Germany, came from misappropriated funds from the 1MDB scandal. Within Malaysia, <a href="/wiki/The_Edge_(Malaysia)" title="The Edge (Malaysia)">The Edge</a> was one of the few <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Malaysia" title="Mass media in Malaysia">media outlets</a> which published investigations on the scandal. Its license was suspended by the Malaysian government, in a move that its publisher suggested was <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Malaysia" title="Censorship in Malaysia">censorship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wall_Street_Journal_reporting">Wall Street Journal reporting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Wall Street Journal reporting">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Billion_Dollar_Whale_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Billion Dollar Whale (book)">Billion Dollar Whale (book)</a></div> It was claimed through a report by The Wall Street Journal that 1MDB made overpriced purchases of power assets in Malaysia through <a href="/wiki/Genting_Group" title="Genting Group">Genting Group</a> in 2012. Genting then allegedly donated this money to a foundation controlled by Najib, who used these funds for election campaign purposes during the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_general_election,_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian general election, 2013">2013 general elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> According to a news report quoting 1MDB, the company denied that it overpaid for its energy assets. 1MDB was quoted as saying that their energy acquisitions were made only when the company was convinced of its long-term value.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> Further allegations were made by The Wall Street Journal that $700 million was transferred from 1MDB and deposited in <a href="/wiki/AmBank" title="AmBank">AmBank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Affin_Bank" title="Affin Bank">Affin Bank</a> accounts under Najib's name.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> A task force to investigate these claims had frozen six bank accounts linked to Najib and 1MDB.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Anti-Corruption_Commission" title="Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission">Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission</a> (MACC) subsequently, in August 2015, cleared 1MDB of this allegation. MACC issued a statement saying, among other things, "Results of the investigation have found that the RM2.6bil which was allegedly transferred into the account belonging to Najib Razak came from the contribution of donors, and not from 1MDB".<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> Najib Razak had originally denied allegations that stolen money was found in his bank accounts, saying "If I wanted to steal, surely I won't steal the money and bring it into an account in Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> The WSJ responded by revealing the bank account details online to rebut the denials by Najib and his supporters.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> Singapore police had frozen two Singapore bank accounts in connection with their own investigation into the alleged financial mismanagement at 1MDB, after reports stated that $700 million worth of deposits was moved through Falcon Bank in Singapore into Najib's personal accounts in Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> However, 1MDB denied having any knowledge of their accounts being frozen, and said they have not been contacted by any of the foreign investigating authorities.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> The WSJ also reported that 1MDB transferred around $850 million via three transactions in 2014 to a British Virgin Islands-registered company with a name disguising that it was controlled by <a href="/wiki/International_Petroleum_Investment_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="International Petroleum Investment Company">International Petroleum Investment Company</a> (IPIC), a United Arab Emirates state investment vehicle, according to wire transfer documents.<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a> The WSJ released a report stating that 1MDB failed to pay $1.4 billion to IPIC. The money was owed to IPIC after it had guaranteed a US$3.5 billion bond issued by 1MDB to fund its purchase of power plant assets in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> The WSJ released another report saying that a further $993 million was missing that 1MDB was supposed to pay IPIC.<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> 1MDB responded to the WSJ report, saying that the company continues to enjoy a strong business relationship with IPIC, as proven by the execution of a binding term sheet that saw IPIC assume obligation for a $3.5 billion bond, currently held by 1MDB, and followed a $1 billion cash payment made by IPIC to 1MDB in June.<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> Earlier in October 2015, IPIC reaffirmed their commitment to working with 1MDB and the Malaysian Ministry of Finance.<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a> Another report by the WSJ pointed out that 1MDB, in connection with a United States political fundraiser DuSable Capital Management LLC, signed a joint venture agreement creating a fund, Yurus PE Fund, to develop solar power plants in Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a> Six months after the joint venture agreement was signed, 1MDB bought out DuSable's stake of 49% of Yurus for $69 million before any construction took place.<a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> Based on bank transfer information, the WSJ reported that Najib spent close to $15 million on clothes, jewellery, and a car in places such as the United States, Singapore, and Italy using a credit card that was paid from one of several private bank accounts owned by Najib, to which 1MDB funds had been diverted.<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Timeline">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal" title="Timeline of the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal">Timeline of the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Kleptocrats" title="The Kleptocrats">The Kleptocrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_on_the_Run_(2023_film)" title="Man on the Run (2023 film)">Man on the Run (2023 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Malaysia" title="Corruption in Malaysia">Corruption in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs_controversies" title="Goldman Sachs controversies">Goldman Sachs controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malaysia" title="History of Malaysia">History of Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak_controversies" title="Najib Razak controversies">Najib Razak controversies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved 21 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=1MDB+scandal%3A+former+Trump+fundraiser+charged+with+allegedly+lobbying+US+to+drop+inquiry&rft.date=2020-10-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Foct%2F09%2F1mdb-scandal-former-trump-fundraiser-charged-with-allegedly-lobbying-us-to-drop-inquiry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2016" class="citation web cs1">Jenkins, Nash (27 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/4195382/najib-razak-1mdb-criticism-corruption/">"Dismissal of Corruption Charges Against Malaysian Prime Minister Prompts Scorn"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160128014650/https://time.com/hive.org/web/20160128014650/http://time.com/4195382/najib-razak-1mdb-criticism-corruption/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2016. 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Retrieved 1 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Malaysia%27s+royal+rulers+urge+quick+completion+of+1MDB+probe&rft.date=2015-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fmalaysias-rulers-urge-government-to-tie-up-probe-into-1mdb-as-soon-as-possible&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/10/royal-rulers-deplore-malaysia-crisis-confidence-151007064312312.html">"Royal rulers deplore Malaysia's 'crisis of confidence'"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+%27Insolvent%27+1MDB%27s+Debt+Stacks+Up+and+Who%27s+Saddled+With+It&rft.date=2020-11-06&rft.aulast=Chew&rft.aufirst=Elffie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnnbloomberg.ca%2Fhow-insolvent-1mdb-s-debt-stacks-up-and-who-s-saddled-with-it-1.1084733&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/over-us1-billion-in-misappropriated-1mdb-funds-repatriated-to-malaysia">"Over $1.6 billion in misappropriated 1MDB funds repatriated to Malaysia so far"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Straits_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits Times">Straits Times</a>. 6 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806113954/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/over-us1-billion-in-misappropriated-1mdb-funds-repatriated-to-malaysia">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Over+%241.6+billion+in+misappropriated+1MDB+funds+repatriated+to+Malaysia+so+far&rft.date=2021-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fover-us1-billion-in-misappropriated-1mdb-funds-repatriated-to-malaysia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sg.news.yahoo.com/singapore-return-11-million-1mdb-linked-funds-malaysia-055606976--sector.html">"Singapore to return $11 million in 1MDB-linked funds to Malaysia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 10 September 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210807142148/https://sg.news.yahoo.com/singapore-return-11-million-1mdb-linked-funds-malaysia-055606976--sector.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Singapore+to+return+%2411+million+in+1MDB-linked+funds+to+Malaysia&rft.date=2018-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsg.news.yahoo.com%2Fsingapore-return-11-million-1mdb-linked-funds-malaysia-055606976--sector.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_26-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_26-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamesh2016" class="citation news cs1">Ramesh, Randeep (28 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/28/1mdb-inside-story-worlds-biggest-financial-scandal-malaysia">"1MDB: The inside story of the world's biggest financial scandal"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 28 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=1MDB%3A+The+inside+story+of+the+world%27s+biggest+financial+scandal&rft.date=2016-07-28&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Ramesh&rft.aufirst=Randeep&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fjul%2F28%2F1mdb-inside-story-worlds-biggest-financial-scandal-malaysia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_27-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61043609">"1MDB scandal: Ex-Goldman Malaysia boss found guilty"</a>. BBC News. 8 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517102143/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61043609">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1MDB+scandal%3A+Ex-Goldman+Malaysia+boss+found+guilty&rft.date=2022-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-61043609&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_28-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/leonardo-dicaprio-turns-over-marlon-brando-oscar-other-gifts-allegedly-bought">"Leonardo DiCaprio turns over Marlon Brando Oscar, other gifts allegedly bought with 1MDB funds"</a>. www.straitstimes.com. 19 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180917105357/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/leonardo-dicaprio-turns-over-marlon-brando-oscar-other-gifts-allegedly-bought">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.straitstimes.com&rft.atitle=Leonardo+DiCaprio+turns+over+Marlon+Brando+Oscar%2C+other+gifts+allegedly+bought+with+1MDB+funds&rft.date=2017-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fworld%2Funited-states%2Fleonardo-dicaprio-turns-over-marlon-brando-oscar-other-gifts-allegedly-bought&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-insider-29"><a href="#cite_ref-insider_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChooi2010" class="citation news cs1">Chooi, Clara (9 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101012151903/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/pua-says-1mdb-profits-suspect">"Pua says 1MDB profits suspect"</a>. The Malaysian Insider. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/pua-says-1mdb-profits-suspect/">the original</a> on 12 October 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Malaysian+Insider&rft.atitle=Pua+says+1MDB+profits+suspect&rft.date=2010-10-09&rft.aulast=Chooi&rft.aufirst=Clara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaysianinsider.com%2Fmalaysia%2Farticle%2Fpua-says-1mdb-profits-suspect%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140316132016/http://malaysiafactbook.com/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad">"1Malaysia Development Berhad Malaysia Factbook"</a>. malaysiafactbook.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://malaysiafactbook.com/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad">the original</a> on 16 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+Malaysia+Factbook&rft.pub=malaysiafactbook.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmalaysiafactbook.com%2F1Malaysia_Development_Berhad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/has-1mdb-filed-its-accounts">"Has 1MDB filed its accounts?"</a>. The Edge. Malaysia. 1 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125075149/https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/has-1mdb-filed-its-accounts">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Edge&rft.atitle=Has+1MDB+filed+its+accounts%3F&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theedgemarkets.com%2Farticle%2Fhas-1mdb-filed-its-accounts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/Business/Business-News/2014/04/22/Auditors-highlight-several-critical-areas-in-its-books-and-reveal-more-funds/">"Auditors highlight several critical areas in 1MDB's books"</a>. The Star. 22 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140424040457/http://www.thestar.com.my/Business/Business-News/2014/04/22/Auditors-highlight-several-critical-areas-in-its-books-and-reveal-more-funds/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Auditors+highlight+several+critical+areas+in+1MDB%27s+books&rft.date=2014-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2FBusiness%2FBusiness-News%2F2014%2F04%2F22%2FAuditors-highlight-several-critical-areas-in-its-books-and-reveal-more-funds%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> The business address is also available on the company's website, www.1mdb.com.my </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2011/06/15/agreements-inked-to-develop-sungai-besi-airport-land-into-bandar-malaysia">"Agreements inked to develop Sungai Besi airport land into Bandar Malaysia"</a>. The Star. 15 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928201345/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2011/06/15/agreements-inked-to-develop-sungai-besi-airport-land-into-bandar-malaysia">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Agreements+inked+to+develop+Sungai+Besi+airport+land+into+Bandar+Malaysia&rft.date=2011-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2011%2F06%2F15%2Fagreements-inked-to-develop-sungai-besi-airport-land-into-bandar-malaysia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSipalan2015" class="citation web cs1">Sipalan, Joseph (12 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/amp/news/malaysia/2015/05/12/amid-lack-of-progress-in-bandar-malaysia-rafizi-questions-1mdbs-rm3.5-bil-d/895229">"Amid lack of progress in Bandar Malaysia, Rafizi questions 1MDB's RM3.5b debt"</a>. Malay Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200430024416/https://www.malaymail.com/amp/news/malaysia/2015/05/12/amid-lack-of-progress-in-bandar-malaysia-rafizi-questions-1mdbs-rm3.5-bil-d/895229">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malay+Mail&rft.atitle=Amid+lack+of+progress+in+Bandar+Malaysia%2C+Rafizi+questions+1MDB%27s+RM3.5b+debt&rft.date=2015-05-12&rft.aulast=Sipalan&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Famp%2Fnews%2Fmalaysia%2F2015%2F05%2F12%2Famid-lack-of-progress-in-bandar-malaysia-rafizi-questions-1mdbs-rm3.5-bil-d%2F895229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPua2014" class="citation web cs1">Pua, Tony (19 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/254822">"Why is 1MDB raising RM2.4bil in loans?"</a>. Malaysiakini. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230223201209/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/254822">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malaysiakini&rft.atitle=Why+is+1MDB+raising+RM2.4bil+in+loans%3F&rft.date=2014-02-19&rft.aulast=Pua&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F254822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2013/04/03/1mdb-awards-rm21bil-contract-to-armed-forces-fund-board-unit/">"1MDB awards RM2.1bil contract to Armed Forces Fund Board unit"</a>. The Star. Malaysia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220505181426/https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2013/04/03/1mdb-awards-rm21bil-contract-to-armed-forces-fund-board-unit">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=1MDB+awards+RM2.1bil+contract+to+Armed+Forces+Fund+Board+unit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fbusiness%2Fbusiness-news%2F2013%2F04%2F03%2F1mdb-awards-rm21bil-contract-to-armed-forces-fund-board-unit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad2015" class="citation web cs1">Ahmad, Razak (31 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/12/31/1mdb-to-sell-stake-in-bandar-malaysia-for-7_41bil/">"1MDB to sell 60% stake in Bandar Malaysia for RM7.41bil"</a>. The Star Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230121184113/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/12/31/1mdb-to-sell-stake-in-bandar-malaysia-for-7_41bil">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star+Online&rft.atitle=1MDB+to+sell+60%25+stake+in+Bandar+Malaysia+for+RM7.41bil&rft.date=2015-12-31&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Razak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2015%2F12%2F31%2F1mdb-to-sell-stake-in-bandar-malaysia-for-7_41bil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2021" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Liz (15 July 2021). 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Retrieved 7 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cabinet+rejects+RM3+billion+for+1MDB+as+debt+repayment+options+narrow&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theedgemarkets.com%2Fmy%2Farticle%2Fcabinet-rejects-rm3-billion-1mdb-debt-repayment-options-narrow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/malaysia-press-1mdb-idUSL4N0W116S20150227">"RPT-MALAYSIA PRESS-Cabinet rejects $834 mln proposed injection into 1MDB-The Malaysian Insider"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=RPT-MALAYSIA+PRESS-Cabinet+rejects+%24834+mln+proposed+injection+into+1MDB-The+Malaysian+Insider&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fmalaysia-press-1mdb-idUSL4N0W116S20150227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysia-today.net/2015/02/27/cabinet-rejects-rm3-billion-aid-for-1mdb/">"Cabinet rejects RM3 billion aid for 1MDB"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Free+Malaysia+Today&rft.atitle=Cabinet+rejects+RM3+billion+aid+for+1MDB&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysia-today.net%2F2015%2F02%2F27%2Fcabinet-rejects-rm3-billion-aid-for-1mdb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/1mdb-insolvent-unable-to-repay-debts-2-directors">"1MDB insolvent, unable to repay debts: 2 directors"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a>. 24 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210821152928/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/1mdb-insolvent-unable-to-repay-debts-2-directors">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1MDB+insolvent%2C+unable+to+repay+debts%3A+2+directors&rft.date=2018-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2F1mdb-insolvent-unable-to-repay-debts-2-directors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurad2015" class="citation web cs1">Murad, Dina (3 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/08/03/1MDB-MACC-Najib/">"MACC: RM2.6bil in Najib's account from donors, not 1MDB's"</a>. 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Macfie, Nick (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/malaysia-politics-1mdb-idUKL3N10E3GR20150803">"Malaysia's anti-graft unit says funds in PM's account a 'donation', not from state fund"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410124630/https://www.reuters.com/article/malaysia-politics-1mdb-idUKL3N10E3GR20150803">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Malaysia%27s+anti-graft+unit+says+funds+in+PM%27s+account+a+%27donation%27%2C+not+from+state+fund&rft.date=2015-08-03&rft.aulast=Leong&rft.aufirst=Trinna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fmalaysia-politics-1mdb-idUKL3N10E3GR20150803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150817121608/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/najibs-rm2.6-billion-is-from-saudi-arabia-as-thanks-for-fighting-isis-claim">"Najib's RM2.6 billion is from Saudi Arabia as thanks for fighting Isis, claims Umno leader"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/najibs-rm2.6-billion-is-from-saudi-arabia-as-thanks-for-fighting-isis-claim">the original</a> on 17 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Najib%27s+RM2.6+billion+is+from+Saudi+Arabia+as+thanks+for+fighting+Isis%2C+claims+Umno+leader&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaysianinsider.com%2Fmalaysia%2Farticle%2Fnajibs-rm2.6-billion-is-from-saudi-arabia-as-thanks-for-fighting-isis-claim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-36051474">"Malaysia 1MDB: Saudi minister says Najib funds were donation"</a>. BBC News. 15 April 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Malaysia+1MDB%3A+Saudi+minister+says+Najib+funds+were+donation&rft.date=2016-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-36051474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes2016" class="citation web cs1">Holmes, Oliver (14 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/15/saudi-arabia-money-malaysian-pm-najib-genuine-donation">"Saudi Arabia says money sent to Malaysian PM was a 'genuine donation'"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230919044022/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/15/saudi-arabia-money-malaysian-pm-najib-genuine-donation">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+says+money+sent+to+Malaysian+PM+was+a+%27genuine+donation%27&rft.date=2016-04-14&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fapr%2F15%2Fsaudi-arabia-money-malaysian-pm-najib-genuine-donation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/329644">"Late Saudi king's son is RM2.6b donor, says Apandi"</a>. Malaysiakini. 6 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230223201214/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/329644">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malaysiakini&rft.atitle=Late+Saudi+king%27s+son+is+RM2.6b+donor%2C+says+Apandi&rft.date=2016-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F329644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeoh2016" class="citation web cs1">Teoh, Shannon (28 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/kl-graft-busters-challenge-a-gs-decision-on-najib">"KL graft-busters challenge A-G's decision on Najib"</a>. The Straits Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230403201654/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/kl-graft-busters-challenge-a-gs-decision-on-najib">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=KL+graft-busters+challenge+A-G%27s+decision+on+Najib&rft.date=2016-01-28&rft.aulast=Teoh&rft.aufirst=Shannon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fkl-graft-busters-challenge-a-gs-decision-on-najib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vecono-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vecono_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vecono_66-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21731091-despite-being-implicated-embezzlement-he-may-well-win">"Malaysia's prime minister will call an election soon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 8 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171109081256/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21731091-despite-being-implicated-embezzlement-he-may-well-win">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Malaysia%27s+prime+minister+will+call+an+election+soon&rft.date=2017-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fasia%2F21731091-despite-being-implicated-embezzlement-he-may-well-win&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/rm26-billion-najibs-accounts-not-saudis-says-wsj-editor">"RM2.6 billion in Najib's accounts not from Saudis, says WSJ editor"</a>. TODAYonline. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230223204222/https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/rm26-billion-najibs-accounts-not-saudis-says-wsj-editor">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TODAYonline&rft.atitle=RM2.6+billion+in+Najib%27s+accounts+not+from+Saudis%2C+says+WSJ+editor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayonline.com%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Frm26-billion-najibs-accounts-not-saudis-says-wsj-editor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theedgemarkets.com/my/article/rm26-bil-najib%E2%80%99s-accounts-not-saudis-says-wsj-editor">"RM2.6 bil in Najib's accounts not from Saudis, says WSJ editor"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424171100/http://www.theedgemarkets.com/my/article/rm26-bil-najib%E2%80%99s-accounts-not-saudis-says-wsj-editor">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RM2.6+bil+in+Najib%27s+accounts+not+from+Saudis%2C+says+WSJ+editor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theedgemarkets.com%2Fmy%2Farticle%2Frm26-bil-najib%25E2%2580%2599s-accounts-not-saudis-says-wsj-editor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/330908">"WSJ refutes AG's Saudi donation claim"</a>. Malaysiakini. 18 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221212032104/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/330908">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malaysiakini&rft.atitle=WSJ+refutes+AG%27s+Saudi+donation+claim&rft.date=2016-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F330908&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307141639/http://news.asiaone.com/news/malaysia/bank-negara-1mdb-breached-exchange-controls-three-permissions-revoked">"Bank Negara: 1MDB breached exchange controls, three permissions revoked"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.asiaone.com/news/malaysia/bank-negara-1mdb-breached-exchange-controls-three-permissions-revoked">the original</a> on 7 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bank+Negara%3A+1MDB+breached+exchange+controls%2C+three+permissions+revoked&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.asiaone.com%2Fnews%2Fmalaysia%2Fbank-negara-1mdb-breached-exchange-controls-three-permissions-revoked&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.nst.com.my/news/2015/10/1mdb-acknowledges-bnm%E2%80%99s-right-revoke-earlier-permissions">"1MDB acknowledges BNM's right to revoke earlier permissions"</a>. NST Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240823190942/https://api.nst.com.my/news/2015/10/1mdb-acknowledges-bnm%E2%80%99s-right-revoke-earlier-permissions">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NST+Online&rft.atitle=1MDB+acknowledges+BNM%27s+right+to+revoke+earlier+permissions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2F2015%2F10%2F1mdb-acknowledges-bnm%25E2%2580%2599s-right-revoke-earlier-permissions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035313/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/bank-negara-says-probe-shows-1mdb-got-permissions-based-on-inaccurate-discl">"Bank Negara urges criminal prosecution of 1MDB"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/bank-negara-says-probe-shows-1mdb-got-permissions-based-on-inaccurate-discl">the original</a> on 4 March 2016. 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Retrieved 1 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star+Online&rft.atitle=Khairuddin+and+Matthias+vow+to+fight+on&rft.date=2015-10-12&rft.aulast=Fadzil&rft.aufirst=Firdaous&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2FNews%2FNation%2F2015%2F10%2F12%2FKhairuddin-Mathias-vow-to-fight-on%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarzukhi2015" class="citation web cs1">Marzukhi, Hafiz (12 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-news/khairuddin-matthias-chang-charged-sabotaging-malaysian-banking-financial-services-76133">"Khairuddin, Matthias Chang charged with sabotaging Malaysian banking, financial services"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Astro+Awani&rft.atitle=Khairuddin%2C+Matthias+Chang+charged+with+sabotaging+Malaysian+banking%2C+financial+services&rft.date=2015-10-12&rft.aulast=Marzukhi&rft.aufirst=Hafiz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.astroawani.com%2Fmalaysia-news%2Fkhairuddin-matthias-chang-charged-sabotaging-malaysian-banking-financial-services-76133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/after-wsj-expose-pkr-hauls-pm-1mdb-to-court-for-alleged-electoral-offences">"After WSJ exposé, PKR hauls PM, 1MDB to court for alleged electoral offences"</a>. 12 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180401165540/http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/after-wsj-expose-pkr-hauls-pm-1mdb-to-court-for-alleged-electoral-offences">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=After+WSJ+expos%C3%A9%2C+PKR+hauls+PM%2C+1MDB+to+court+for+alleged+electoral+offences&rft.date=2015-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaymailonline.com%2Fmalaysia%2Farticle%2Fafter-wsj-expose-pkr-hauls-pm-1mdb-to-court-for-alleged-electoral-offences&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.todayonline.com/world/no-title-31">"PKR sues Najib over breach of election law in S$914m 'donation'"</a>. TODAYonline. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921095639/https://www.todayonline.com/world/no-title-31">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TODAYonline&rft.atitle=PKR+sues+Najib+over+breach+of+election+law+in+S%24914m+%27donation%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayonline.com%2Fworld%2Fno-title-31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/01/21/high-court-strikes-out-pkr-civil-suit-against-najib/">"High Court strikes out PKR civil suit against Najib"</a>. www.thestar.com.my. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921075433/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/01/21/high-court-strikes-out-pkr-civil-suit-against-najib/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thestar.com.my&rft.atitle=High+Court+strikes+out+PKR+civil+suit+against+Najib&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2016%2F01%2F21%2Fhigh-court-strikes-out-pkr-civil-suit-against-najib%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLim2016" class="citation web cs1">Lim, Ida (21 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/article/164943">"Court throws out PKRs election overspending lawsuit against Najib over RM2.6b"</a>. Malay Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240823190812/https://adgebra.co.in/AdServing/PushNativeAds?pid=5826&mkeys=&dcid=9&nads=1&deviceId=1&uid=1231311231&pnToken=ERBqGdwyZH62a3Lrr8Pq&inApp=&slotId=&templateId=&articleTitle=&articleDescp=&chToken=ERBqGdwyZH62a3Lrr8Pq&url=prnh-www.malaymail.com&refUrl=prnh-www.malaymail.com">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malay+Mail&rft.atitle=Court+throws+out+PKRs+election+overspending+lawsuit+against+Najib+over+RM2.6b&rft.date=2016-01-21&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=Ida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Farticle%2F164943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/article/176576">"Dr M sues Najib over alleged interference in 1MDB, RM2.6b probes"</a>. Malay Mail. 23 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240823191325/https://adgebra.co.in/AdServing/PushNativeAds?pid=5826&mkeys=&dcid=9&nads=1&deviceId=1&uid=1231311231&pnToken=ERBqGdwyZH62a3Lrr8Pq&inApp=&slotId=&templateId=&articleTitle=&articleDescp=&chToken=ERBqGdwyZH62a3Lrr8Pq&url=prnh-www.malaymail.com&refUrl=prnh-www.malaymail.com">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malay+Mail&rft.atitle=Dr+M+sues+Najib+over+alleged+interference+in+1MDB%2C+RM2.6b+probes&rft.date=2016-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Farticle%2F176576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes2016" class="citation web cs1">Holmes, Oliver (23 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/23/former-malaysian-premier-mahathir-sues-pm-najib-over-abuse-of-power">"Former Malaysian premier Mahathir sues PM Najib over 'abuse of power'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327012720/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/23/former-malaysian-premier-mahathir-sues-pm-najib-over-abuse-of-power">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Former+Malaysian+premier+Mahathir+sues+PM+Najib+over+%27abuse+of+power%27&rft.date=2016-03-23&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fmar%2F23%2Fformer-malaysian-premier-mahathir-sues-pm-najib-over-abuse-of-power&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdam2016" class="citation news cs1">Adam, Shamim (23 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-03-23/malaysia-political-spat-escalates-as-former-premier-sues-najib">"Malaysia Political Spat Escalates as Former Premier Sues Najib"</a>. Bloomberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220523112929/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-03-23/malaysia-political-spat-escalates-as-former-premier-sues-najib">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Malaysia+Political+Spat+Escalates+as+Former+Premier+Sues+Najib&rft.date=2016-03-23&rft.aulast=Adam&rft.aufirst=Shamim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2016-03-23%2Fmalaysia-political-spat-escalates-as-former-premier-sues-najib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherwell2015" class="citation web cs1">Sherwell, Philip (28 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/malaysia/11766990/Malaysia-PM-sacks-top-officials-over-corruption-probe-ahead-of-Cameron-visit.html">"Malaysia PM sacks top officials over corruption probe ahead of Cameron visit"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925185857/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/malaysia/11766990/Malaysia-PM-sacks-top-officials-over-corruption-probe-ahead-of-Cameron-visit.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Malaysia+PM+sacks+top+officials+over+corruption+probe+ahead+of+Cameron+visit&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft.aulast=Sherwell&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fasia%2Fmalaysia%2F11766990%2FMalaysia-PM-sacks-top-officials-over-corruption-probe-ahead-of-Cameron-visit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/world/malaysian-pm-najib-razak-sacks-deputy-after-1mdb-graft-scandal-remarks-20150728-gim93a.html">"Malaysian PM Najib Razak sacks deputy after 1MDB graft scandal remarks"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. 28 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150801110019/http://m.smh.com.au/world/malaysian-pm-najib-razak-sacks-deputy-after-1mdb-graft-scandal-remarks-20150728-gim93a.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Malaysian+PM+Najib+Razak+sacks+deputy+after+1MDB+graft+scandal+remarks&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fworld%2Fmalaysian-pm-najib-razak-sacks-deputy-after-1mdb-graft-scandal-remarks-20150728-gim93a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/306441">"Najib's manoeuvre cripples 1MDB probes"</a>. Malaysiakini. 28 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230223201218/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/306441">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malaysiakini&rft.atitle=Najib%27s+manoeuvre+cripples+1MDB+probes&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F306441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/07/28/axed-from-cabinet-shafie-says-only-speaking-for-grassroots/941465">"Axed from Cabinet, Shafie says only speaking for grassroots"</a>. The Malay Mail. 28 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220505175908/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/07/28/axed-from-cabinet-shafie-says-only-speaking-for-grassroots/941465">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Malay+Mail&rft.atitle=Axed+from+Cabinet%2C+Shafie+says+only+speaking+for+grassroots&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Fnews%2Fmalaysia%2F2015%2F07%2F28%2Faxed-from-cabinet-shafie-says-only-speaking-for-grassroots%2F941465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/07/28/gani-patail-no-longer-attorney-general-chief-secretary-says/941271">"Gani Patail no longer Attorney-General, chief secretary says"</a>. The Malay Mail. 28 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191114004958/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/07/28/gani-patail-no-longer-attorney-general-chief-secretary-says/941271">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Malay+Mail&rft.atitle=Gani+Patail+no+longer+Attorney-General%2C+chief+secretary+says&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Fnews%2Fmalaysia%2F2015%2F07%2F28%2Fgani-patail-no-longer-attorney-general-chief-secretary-says%2F941271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150831075826/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/apandi-ali-becomes-new-attorney-general-replaces-gani-patail">"Apandi Ali becomes new Attorney-General, replaces Gani Patail"</a>. The Malaysia Insider. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/apandi-ali-becomes-new-attorney-general-replaces-gani-patail">the original</a> on 31 August 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apandi+Ali+becomes+new+Attorney-General%2C+replaces+Gani+Patail&rft.pub=The+Malaysia+Insider&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaysianinsider.com%2Fmalaysia%2Farticle%2Fapandi-ali-becomes-new-attorney-general-replaces-gani-patail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShagarMageswari2015" class="citation web cs1">Shagar, Loshana K.; Mageswari, M. 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Retrieved 27 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FBI+begins+probe+into+1MDB%2C+says+WSJ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaysianinsider.com%2Fmalaysia%2Farticle%2Ffbi-begins-probe-into-1mdb-says-wsj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160216032936/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/najib-ticked-me-off-about-raising-1mdb-rm2.6-billion-mukhriz-tells-supporte">"Najib ticked me off over 1MDB, RM2.6 billion, Mukhriz tells supporters"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Najib+ticked+me+off+over+1MDB%2C+RM2.6+billion%2C+Mukhriz+tells+supporters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaysianinsider.com%2Fmalaysia%2Farticle%2Fnajib-ticked-me-off-about-raising-1mdb-rm2.6-billion-mukhriz-tells-supporte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMok2016" class="citation web cs1">Mok, Opalyn (3 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2016/02/03/free-from-constraints-as-mb-mukhriz-says-will-speak-out-more/1053609">"Free from constraints as MB, Mukhriz says will speak out more"</a>. Malay Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410135551/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2016/02/03/free-from-constraints-as-mb-mukhriz-says-will-speak-out-more/1053609">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malay+Mail&rft.atitle=Free+from+constraints+as+MB%2C+Mukhriz+says+will+speak+out+more&rft.date=2016-02-03&rft.aulast=Mok&rft.aufirst=Opalyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Fnews%2Fmalaysia%2F2016%2F02%2F03%2Ffree-from-constraints-as-mb-mukhriz-says-will-speak-out-more%2F1053609&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAu2016" class="citation web cs1">Au, Eunice (1 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/mahathir-quits-umno-calling-it-najibs-party">"Mahathir quits Umno, calling it 'Najib's party'"</a>. 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Retrieved 10 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Mahathir+quits+Umno%2C+calling+it+%27Najib%27s+party%27&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.aulast=Au&rft.aufirst=Eunice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fmahathir-quits-umno-calling-it-najibs-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-08/malaysian-opposition-mp-charged-over-1mdb-scandal-related-leak/7312684">"Malaysian opposition MP charged over 1MDB scandal-related leak"</a>. 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Retrieved 13 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Malaysian+opposition+MP+charged+over+1MDB+scandal-related+leak&rft.date=2016-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2016-04-08%2Fmalaysian-opposition-mp-charged-over-1mdb-scandal-related-leak%2F7312684&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170124220802/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/malaysian-opposition-mp/2676698.html">"Malaysian opposition MP charged over 1MDB leak"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times+UK&rft.atitle=Malaysia+blocks+another+news+portal+as+1MDB+scandal+deepens+over+oversight+panel+probing+fund&rft.date=2016-02-25&rft.aulast=Middleton&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.uk%2Fmalaysia-blocks-another-news-portal-1mdb-scandal-deepens-over-oversight-panel-probing-fund-1546075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcBride2018" class="citation web cs1">McBride, Blair (29 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180529120416/https://www.efe.com/efe/english/world/malaysian-government-unblocks-media-sites-raising-hopes-of-new-freedoms/50000262-3630936">"Malaysian government unblocks media sites, raising hopes of new freedoms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/EFE" title="EFE">EFE</a>. 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Retrieved 28 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EFE&rft.atitle=Malaysian+government+unblocks+media+sites%2C+raising+hopes+of+new+freedoms&rft.date=2018-05-29&rft.aulast=McBride&rft.aufirst=Blair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.efe.com%2Fefe%2Fenglish%2Fworld%2Fmalaysian-government-unblocks-media-sites-raising-hopes-of-new-freedoms%2F50000262-3630936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/1mdb-boss-blamed-by-watchdog-triggering-boards-resignation/news-story/6e49d20875f820238d61b7984969da49">"1mdb boss blamed by watchdog triggering boards resignation"</a>. 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Retrieved 30 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Malaysia+parliament+report+calls+for+probe+into+1MDB&rft.date=2016-04-07&rft.aulast=Latiff&rft.aufirst=Rozanna&rft.au=Chow%2C+Emily&rft.au=Menon%2C+Praveen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-malaysia-1mdb-idUSKCN0X407M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2016/04/07/pac-report-1mdb-got-special-treatment-from-putrajaya/1095791">"PAC report: 1MDB got special treatment from Putrajaya"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Malay+Mail&rft.atitle=PAC+report%3A+1MDB+got+special+treatment+from+Putrajaya&rft.date=2016-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Fnews%2Fmalaysia%2F2016%2F04%2F07%2Fpac-report-1mdb-got-special-treatment-from-putrajaya%2F1095791&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/07/malaysian-parliament-calls-for-probe-into-1mdbs-former-boss">"Malaysian parliament calls for inquiry into 1MDB's former boss"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a>. 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Retrieved 16 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=Malaysian+parliament+calls+for+inquiry+into+1MDB%27s+former+boss&rft.date=2016-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fapr%2F07%2Fmalaysian-parliament-calls-for-probe-into-1mdbs-former-boss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/04/07/1mdb-report-pac-zeroes-in/">"1MDB report: PAC zeroes in on former CEO Shahrol as among the culprits"</a>. www.thestar.com.my. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240823191310/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/04/07/1mdb-report-pac-zeroes-in/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thestar.com.my&rft.atitle=1MDB+report%3A+PAC+zeroes+in+on+former+CEO+Shahrol+as+among+the+culprits&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2016%2F04%2F07%2F1mdb-report-pac-zeroes-in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/07/malaysia-directors-scandal-1mdb-state-investment-fund-mass-resignation-najib-razak">"Malaysia: directors of scandal-hit 1MDB state investment fund offer mass resignation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a>. 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Retrieved 16 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=Malaysia%3A+directors+of+scandal-hit+1MDB+state+investment+fund+offer+mass+resignation&rft.date=2016-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fapr%2F07%2Fmalaysia-directors-scandal-1mdb-state-investment-fund-mass-resignation-najib-razak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/08/world/asia/malaysia-1mdb-najib-razak-board.html">"Malaysia Panel Calls for Investigation of Former Head of 1MDB Fund"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Malaysia+Panel+Calls+for+Investigation+of+Former+Head+of+1MDB+Fund&rft.date=2016-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F04%2F08%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fmalaysia-1mdb-najib-razak-board.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/board-of-1mdb-resigns-after-parliamentary-report/3274195.html">"1MDB Board Resigns After Parliamentary Report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221120103200/https://www.voanews.com/a/board-of-1mdb-resigns-after-parliamentary-report/3274195.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+America&rft.atitle=1MDB+Board+Resigns+After+Parliamentary+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fboard-of-1mdb-resigns-after-parliamentary-report%2F3274195.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-07/malaysia-parliamentary-inquiry-calls-for-probe-into-ex-1mdb-ceo/7308604">"Malaysia 1MDB board offers resignations after inquiry"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Malaysia+1MDB+board+offers+resignations+after+inquiry&rft.date=2016-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2016-04-07%2Fmalaysia-parliamentary-inquiry-calls-for-probe-into-ex-1mdb-ceo%2F7308604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNg" class="citation web cs1">Ng, Eileen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sltrib.com/home/3750879-155/board-of-troubled-malaysia-fund-offers">"Board of troubled Malaysia fund offers to resign"</a>. 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Retrieved 8 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=1MDB+payment+may+have+ended+up+in+movies&rft.date=2016-04-13&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2016%2F04%2F12%2Fmalaysia-fund-1mdbs-payment-to-abu-dhabi-fund-ipic-may-have-ended-up-in-the-movie-business.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414104636/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/international/mystery-deepens-over-us-3/2686164.html">"Mystery deepens over US$3.5 billion Malaysia's 1MDB sent to BVI entity"</a>. Reuters. 11 April 2016. 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Retrieved 30 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=UAE+fund+says+Malaysia%27s+1MDB+in+default+on+%241+billion+deal&rft.date=2016-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-malaysia-scandal-idUSKCN0XF0YJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2016/04/18/abu-dhabis-ipic-says-malaysias-1mdb-in-default-on-june-rescue-deal.html">"Abu Dhabi fund says 1MDB in default on rescue deal"</a>. 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Retrieved 8 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abu+Dhabi+fund+says+1MDB+in+default+on+rescue+deal&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2016-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2016%2F04%2F18%2Fabu-dhabis-ipic-says-malaysias-1mdb-in-default-on-june-rescue-deal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/05/21/special-task-force-formed-to-look-into-1mdb/#vlGK8L6AxCe2OxGI.99">"Special task force formed to look into 1MDB"</a>. www.thestar.com.my. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143558/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/05/21/special-task-force-formed-to-look-into-1mdb/#vlGK8L6AxCe2OxGI.99">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thestar.com.my&rft.atitle=Special+task+force+formed+to+look+into+1MDB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2018%2F05%2F21%2Fspecial-task-force-formed-to-look-into-1mdb%2F%23vlGK8L6AxCe2OxGI.99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2018/05/25/amount-cash-seized-najib-linked-condo-rm114m">"Amount of cash seized from Najib-linked condo is RM114m"</a>. www.thesundaily.my. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144020/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2018/05/25/amount-cash-seized-najib-linked-condo-rm114m">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thesundaily.my&rft.atitle=Amount+of+cash+seized+from+Najib-linked+condo+is+RM114m&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesundaily.my%2Fnews%2F2018%2F05%2F25%2Famount-cash-seized-najib-linked-condo-rm114m&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/06/27/amar-singh-pc-1mdb/">"Value of cash and goods seized from Najib-linked residences amounted to about RM1bil (updated)"</a>. www.thestar.com.my. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180713021855/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/06/27/amar-singh-pc-1mdb/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2018. 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Retrieved 1 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Thaiger&rft.atitle=Superyacht+going+cheap+%E2%80%93+1MDB+investigators+auction+off+seized+boat&rft.date=2018-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthethaiger.com%2Fnews%2Fregional%2Fsuperyacht-going-cheap-1mdb-investigators-auction-off-seized-boat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-govt-may-be-forced-to-sell-jho-lows-luxury-equanimity-yacht-at-hefty-discount">"Malaysia to sell 1MDB-linked superyacht to casino operator Genting for $170 million"</a>. The Straits Times. 3 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190405102446/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-govt-may-be-forced-to-sell-jho-lows-luxury-equanimity-yacht-at-hefty-discount">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2019. 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Retrieved 15 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=1MDB+scandal%3A+Malaysia%27s+former+PM+%27asked+UAE+to+fake+evidence%27&rft.date=2020-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fjan%2F08%2F1mdb-scandal-malaysias-former-pm-asked-uae-to-fake-evidence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2021/12/08/court-of-appeal-upholds-najib039s-src-conviction">"Court of Appeal upholds Najib's SRC conviction"</a>. 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Retrieved 5 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Caribbean+dealings+stalk+Malaysia%27s+1MDB&rft.date=2015-10-30&rft.aulast=Peel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=O%27Murchu%2C+Cynthia&rft.au=Harris%2C+Bryan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fintl%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fb1b8b846-7dff-11e5-93c6-bba4b4b36134.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/companies/court-shuts-avestra-schemes-linked-to-1mdb-crisis/news-story/7a53ee1fd8fbc4d333da32fa6946aa3e">"Nocookies"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/hong-kong-police-launch-probe-into-us250-million-linked-to-najib/malaysia/article/hong-kong-police-launch-probe-into-us250-million-linked-to-najib">the original</a> on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 27 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hong+Kong+police+launch+probe+into+US%24250+million+linked+to+Najib&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaysianinsider.com%2Fmalaysia%2Farticle%2Fhong-kong-police-launch-probe-into-us250-million-linked-to-najib%2Fmalaysia%2Farticle%2Fhong-kong-police-launch-probe-into-us250-million-linked-to-najib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeel2015" class="citation web cs1">Peel, Bryan Harris and Michael (11 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2015/09/10/1mdb-scandal-hong-kong-police-probe-deposits-allegedly-linked-to-najib-razak.html">"The growing 1MDB scandal has now spread to Hong Kong"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162102/https://www.cnbc.com/2015/09/10/1mdb-scandal-hong-kong-police-probe-deposits-allegedly-linked-to-najib-razak.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=The+growing+1MDB+scandal+has+now+spread+to+Hong+Kong&rft.date=2015-09-11&rft.aulast=Peel&rft.aufirst=Bryan+Harris+and+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2015%2F09%2F10%2F1mdb-scandal-hong-kong-police-probe-deposits-allegedly-linked-to-najib-razak.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2018/02/28/indonesia-seizes-luxury-yacht-linked-to-1mdb-investigation/">"Indonesia seizes luxury yacht linked to 1MDB investigation – ASEAN"</a>. www.thestar.com.my. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180810072624/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2018/02/28/indonesia-seizes-luxury-yacht-linked-to-1mdb-investigation/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2018. 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Retrieved 23 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Trial+over+%241.8bn+fraud+at+Malaysia%27s+1MDB+opens+in+Switzerland&rft.date=2024-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20240402-trial-over-1-8-bn-fraud-at-malaysia-s-1mdb-opens-in-switzerland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/336216">"UAE bans travel, freezes ex-IPIC execs' assets in 1MDB probe"</a>. 2 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162107/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/336216">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UAE+bans+travel%2C+freezes+ex-IPIC+execs%27+assets+in+1MDB+probe&rft.date=2016-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F336216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopeClarkNgui2016" class="citation news cs1">Hope, Bradley; Clark, Simon; Ngui, Yantoultra (1 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/authorities-investigating-malaysias-1mdb-fund-focusing-on-bond-proceeds-1459541896">"Authorities Investigating Malaysia's 1MDB Fund Focusing on Bond Proceeds"</a>. Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201019074650/https://www.wsj.com/articles/authorities-investigating-malaysias-1mdb-fund-focusing-on-bond-proceeds-1459541896">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Authorities+Investigating+Malaysia%27s+1MDB+Fund+Focusing+on+Bond+Proceeds&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft.aulast=Hope&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rft.au=Clark%2C+Simon&rft.au=Ngui%2C+Yantoultra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fauthorities-investigating-malaysias-1mdb-fund-focusing-on-bond-proceeds-1459541896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHope2019" class="citation news cs1">Hope, Bradley (16 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/alleged-1mdb-co-conspirators-sentenced-to-prison-11560677550">"Alleged 1MDB Co-Conspirators Sentenced to Prison"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240113044720/https://www.wsj.com/articles/alleged-1mdb-co-conspirators-sentenced-to-prison-11560677550">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Alleged+1MDB+Co-Conspirators+Sentenced+to+Prison&rft.date=2019-06-16&rft.aulast=Hope&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Falleged-1mdb-co-conspirators-sentenced-to-prison-11560677550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies2020" class="citation news cs1">Davies, Harry (18 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/18/us-moves-to-seize-330m-of-alleged-1mdb-assets-held-by-uk-law-firm">"US moves to seize $330m of alleged 1MDB assets held by UK law firm"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240823191329/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/18/us-moves-to-seize-330m-of-alleged-1mdb-assets-held-by-uk-law-firm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US+moves+to+seize+%24330m+of+alleged+1MDB+assets+held+by+UK+law+firm&rft.date=2020-09-18&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fsep%2F18%2Fus-moves-to-seize-330m-of-alleged-1mdb-assets-held-by-uk-law-firm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/03/340m-in-london-law-firms-account-suspected-of-1mdb-connection">"$340m in London law firm's account suspected of 1MDB connection"</a>. The Guardian. 3 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240823191330/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/03/340m-in-london-law-firms-account-suspected-of-1mdb-connection">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%24340m+in+London+law+firm%27s+account+suspected+of+1MDB+connection&rft.date=2020-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Faug%2F03%2F340m-in-london-law-firms-account-suspected-of-1mdb-connection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHope2015" class="citation web cs1">Hope, Bradley (19 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/fbi-probes-malaysia-development-fund-1442694963">"FBI Probes Malaysia Development Fund"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190504022149/https://www.wsj.com/articles/fbi-probes-malaysia-development-fund-1442694963">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=FBI+Probes+Malaysia+Development+Fund&rft.date=2015-09-19&rft.aulast=Hope&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Ffbi-probes-malaysia-development-fund-1442694963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1557856">"FBI investigates 1MDB"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143620/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1557856">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FBI+investigates+1MDB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesundaily.my%2Fnews%2F1557856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asiaone.com/malaysia/fbi-launches-investigation-malaysian-state-fund-1mdb-wsj">"FBI launches investigation into Malaysian state fund 1MDB: WSJ"</a>. AsiaOne. 20 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023104608/http://www.asiaone.com/malaysia/fbi-launches-investigation-malaysian-state-fund-1mdb-wsj">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 27 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AsiaOne&rft.atitle=FBI+launches+investigation+into+Malaysian+state+fund+1MDB%3A+WSJ&rft.date=2015-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiaone.com%2Fmalaysia%2Ffbi-launches-investigation-malaysian-state-fund-1mdb-wsj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes2015" class="citation web cs1">Holmes, Oliver (22 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/22/us-investigators-launch-probes-into-scandal-hit-malaysian-pm-najib-razak">"US investigators launch probes into scandal-hit Malaysian Najib Razak"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190504022149/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/22/us-investigators-launch-probes-into-scandal-hit-malaysian-pm-najib-razak">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=US+investigators+launch+probes+into+scandal-hit+Malaysian+Najib+Razak&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fsep%2F22%2Fus-investigators-launch-probes-into-scandal-hit-malaysian-pm-najib-razak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthewsHope2015" class="citation web cs1">Matthews, Christopher; Hope, Bradley (22 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/malaysia-leader-najib-razaks-assets-probed-by-us-1442844760?tesla=y">"Malaysia Leader Najib Razak's Assets Probed by U.S."</a> The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306051358/https://www.wsj.com/articles/malaysia-leader-najib-razaks-assets-probed-by-us-1442844760?tesla=y">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Malaysia+Leader+Najib+Razak%27s+Assets+Probed+by+U.S.&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Hope%2C+Bradley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fmalaysia-leader-najib-razaks-assets-probed-by-us-1442844760%3Ftesla%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysian-pm-najib-faces-us-corruption-inquiry">"Malaysian PM Najib faces US corruption inquiry"</a>. The Straits Times. 22 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190504022157/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysian-pm-najib-faces-us-corruption-inquiry">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2019. 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Retrieved 8 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Malaysia%27s+Najib+faces+US+property+probe&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft.aulast=Story&rft.aufirst=Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2015%2F09%2F22%2Fnajib-razak-faces-us-doj-corruption-probe-on-times-warner-centre.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190504023657/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/04/01/1mdb-us-asks-deutsche-jpmorgan-to-give-details-on-dealings/">"1MDB: US asks Deutsche, JPMorgan to give details on dealings"</a>. 1 April 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/04/01/1mdb-us-asks-deutsche-jpmorgan-to-give-details-on-dealings/">the original</a> on 4 May 2019. 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Retrieved 4 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=U.S.+Asks+JPMorgan%2C+Wells+Fargo+to+Save+Records+Tied+to+1MDB&rft.date=2016-04&rft.aulast=Chew&rft.aufirst=Keri+Geiger+GeigerWire+Elffie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2016-04-01%2Fjpmorgan-wells-fargo-asked-by-u-s-to-save-records-tied-to-1mdb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/latest-news/us-asks-for-details-on-1mdb-dealings/news-story/a7379d845206fba743a89ffdfc37abf8">"Banks in firing line over Malaysia fund"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Free+Malaysia+Today&rft.atitle=Wong+Chen+queries+Obama+link+in+1MDB-DuSable+%27JV%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freemalaysiatoday.com%2Fcategory%2Fnation%2F2015%2F11%2F12%2Fwong-chen-queries-obama-link-in-1mdb-dusable-jv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053132/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/wsj-picks-up-on-1mdb-dusable-links-to-former-obama-fundraisers">"WSJ picks up on 1MDB-DuSable links to former Obama fundraisers"</a>. The Malaysian Insider. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/wsj-picks-up-on-1mdb-dusable-links-to-former-obama-fundraisers">the original</a> on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Malaysian+Insider&rft.atitle=WSJ+picks+up+on+1MDB-DuSable+links+to+former+Obama+fundraisers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaysianinsider.com%2Fmalaysia%2Farticle%2Fwsj-picks-up-on-1mdb-dusable-links-to-former-obama-fundraisers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theedgemarkets.com/my/article/najib-urged-disclose-dealings-1mdb-and-yurus-pe-fund">"Najib urged to disclose dealings of 1MDB and Yurus PE Fund"</a>. Theedgemarkets.com. 12 November 2015. Retrieved 1 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Najib+urged+to+disclose+dealings+of+1MDB+and+Yurus+PE+Fund&rft.pub=Theedgemarkets.com&rft.date=2015-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theedgemarkets.com%2Fmy%2Farticle%2Fnajib-urged-disclose-dealings-1mdb-and-yurus-pe-fund&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortune.com/2016/03/31/malaysian-prime-minister-probe/">"Malaysian Prime Minister Spent Lavishly From Accounts He Says Weren't 'Personal'"</a>. Fortune. 31 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=Malaysian+Prime+Minister+Spent+Lavishly+From+Accounts+He+Says+Weren%27t+%27Personal%27&rft.date=2016-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2016%2F03%2F31%2Fmalaysian-prime-minister-probe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWrightHope2016" class="citation web cs1">Wright, Tom; Hope, Bradley (31 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/malaysian-leader-spent-millions-on-luxury-goods-1459383835">"1MDB Probe Shows Malaysian Leader Najib Spent Millions on Luxury Goods"</a>. The Wall Street Journal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=1MDB+Probe+Shows+Malaysian+Leader+Najib+Spent+Millions+on+Luxury+Goods&rft.date=2016-03-31&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Hope%2C+Bradley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fmalaysian-leader-spent-millions-on-luxury-goods-1459383835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayonline.com/world/najib-razak-spent-millions-luxury-goods-bank-accounts-linked-1mdb-reports-wsj">"1MDB probe shows Najib Razak spent millions on luxury goods: Report"</a>. Today.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Today&rft.atitle=1MDB+probe+shows+Najib+Razak+spent+millions+on+luxury+goods%3A+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayonline.com%2Fworld%2Fnajib-razak-spent-millions-luxury-goods-bank-accounts-linked-1mdb-reports-wsj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHwai2016" class="citation web cs1">Hwai, Lee Seok (31 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-pm-najib-spent-millions-on-luxury-goods-political-payments-wsj">"Malaysia PM Najib spent millions on luxury goods, political payments: WSJ"</a>. The Straits Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Malaysia+PM+Najib+spent+millions+on+luxury+goods%2C+political+payments%3A+WSJ&rft.date=2016-03-31&rft.aulast=Hwai&rft.aufirst=Lee+Seok&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fmalaysia-pm-najib-spent-millions-on-luxury-goods-political-payments-wsj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRecastle_Brown2018" class="citation book cs1">Recastle Brown, Clare (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180917105222/https://www.mphonline.com/en/productdetails/books/non-fiction-others/9789670311166">The Sarawak Report: The Inside Story of the 1MDB Exposé</a>. Gerak Budaya. p. 496. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-967-0311-16-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-967-0311-16-6"><bdi>978-967-0311-16-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mphonline.com/en/productdetails/books/non-fiction-others/9789670311166">the original</a> on 17 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sarawak+Report%3A+The+Inside+Story+of+the+1MDB+Expos%C3%A9&rft.pages=496&rft.pub=Gerak+Budaya&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-967-0311-16-6&rft.aulast=Recastle+Brown&rft.aufirst=Clare&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mphonline.com%2Fen%2Fproductdetails%2Fbooks%2Fnon-fiction-others%2F9789670311166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWrightHope2018" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Tom; Hope, Bradley (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=1RdNDwAAQBAJ">Billion Dollar Whale: The Man Who Fooled Wall Street, Hollywood, and the World</a>. Hachette UK. p. 400. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-43648-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-43648-9"><bdi>978-0-316-43648-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billion+Dollar+Whale%3A+The+Man+Who+Fooled+Wall+Street%2C+Hollywood%2C+and+the+World&rft.pages=400&rft.pub=Hachette+UK&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-316-43648-9&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Hope%2C+Bradley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fstore%2Fbooks%2Fdetails%3Fid%3D1RdNDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1Malaysia+Development+Berhad+scandal" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/28/1mdb-inside-story-worlds-biggest-financial-scandal-malaysia">1MDB: The inside story of the world's biggest financial scandal</a>", 28 July 2016.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Witness" title="Global Witness">Global Witness</a>: <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalwitness.org/en-gb/campaigns/corruption-and-money-laundering/real-wolves-of-wall-street/#chapter-0/section-0:">The Real Wolves of Wall Street – The banks, lawyers and auditors at the heart of Malaysia's biggest corruption scandal</a>" (HTML), March 2018.</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalwitness.org/documents/19316/The_Real_Wolves_of_Wall_Street_Global_Witness_897.80KB.pdf">The Real Wolves of Wall Street – The banks, lawyers and auditors at the heart of Malaysia's biggest corruption scandal</a>" (PDF), March 2018.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-07/malaysia-s-1mdb-fund-spawns-worldwide-probes-quicktake">A Guide to the Worldwide Probes of Malaysia's 1MDB Fund</a>", 8 March 2018.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1MDB" title="Template:1MDB"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1MDB" title="Template talk:1MDB"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1MDB" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1MDB"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal" title="Timeline of the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal">Timeline</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign wealth funds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad">1Malaysia Development Berhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubadala_Investment_Company" title="Mubadala Investment Company">International Petroleum Investment Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a></li> <li>Falcon Private Bank</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maybank" title="Maybank">Maybank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law firms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_%26_Co" title="Clyde & Co">Clyde & Co</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accounting firms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KPMG" title="KPMG">KPMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deloitte" title="Deloitte">Deloitte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:1mdb_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/1mdb_logo.png/150px-1mdb_logo.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/1mdb_logo.png/225px-1mdb_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/1mdb_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="111" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malaysians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jho_Low" title="Jho Low">Jho Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riza_Aziz" title="Riza Aziz">Riza Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arul_Kanda_Kandasamy" title="Arul Kanda Kandasamy">Arul Kanda Kandasamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosmah_Mansor" title="Rosmah Mansor">Rosmah Mansor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Broidy" title="Elliott Broidy">Elliott Broidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pras" title="Pras">Pras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khadem_al-Qubaisi" title="Khadem al-Qubaisi">Khadem al-Qubaisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turki_bin_Abdullah_Al_Saud_(born_1971)" title="Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud (born 1971)">Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Leissner" title="Tim Leissner">Tim Leissner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Responses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investigations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Anti-Corruption_Commission" title="Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission">Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political impact</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Citizens%27_Declaration" title="Malaysian Citizens' Declaration">Malaysian Citizens' Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bersih" title="Bersih">Bersih</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bersih_4_rally" title="Bersih 4 rally">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bersih_5_rally" title="Bersih 5 rally">2016</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkap_Najib_rally" title="Tangkap Najib rally">Tangkap Najib rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Malay_Dignity_rally" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Malay Dignity rally">2015 Malay Dignity rally</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billion_Dollar_Whale" title="Billion Dollar Whale">Billion Dollar Whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kleptocrats" title="The Kleptocrats">The Kleptocrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Edge_(Malaysia)#1MDB_scandal" title="The Edge (Malaysia)">The Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Report#1Malaysia_Development_Berhad" title="Sarawak Report">Sarawak Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal#2015:_Malaysia_Prime_Minister_Najib_Razak_and_1MDB" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_on_the_Run_(2023_film)" title="Man on the Run (2023 film)">Man on the Run</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Assets and financing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Exchange_106" title="The Exchange 106">The Exchange 106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merdeka_118" title="Merdeka 118">Merdeka 118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranquility_(yacht)" title="Tranquility (yacht)">Equanamity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wolf_of_Wall_Street_(2013_film)" title="The Wolf of Wall Street (2013 film)">The Wolf of Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumb_and_Dumber_To" title="Dumb and Dumber To">Dumb and Dumber To</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daddy%27s_Home_(film)" title="Daddy's Home (film)">Daddy's Home</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Malaysia" title="Corruption in Malaysia">Corruption in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Malaysian_general_election" title="2018 Malaysian general election">2018 Malaysian general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak_controversies" title="Najib Razak controversies">Najib Razak controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs_controversies" title="Goldman Sachs controversies">Goldman Sachs controversies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Malaysia&#124;link=Malaysia_1Malaysia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1Malaysia" title="Template:1Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1Malaysia" title="Template talk:1Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Malaysia&#124;link=Malaysia_1Malaysia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/1Malaysia" title="1Malaysia">1Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Founder: <a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1Malaysia" title="1Malaysia">1Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Transformation_Programme_(Malaysia)" title="Government Transformation Programme (Malaysia)">Government Transformation Programme</a> (GTP)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1MDB" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1MDB</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad">1Malaysia Development Berhad</a> (1MDB)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal" title="Timeline of the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal">timeline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Malaysia" title="Bandar Malaysia">Bandar Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tun_Razak_Exchange" title="Tun Razak Exchange">Tun Razak Exchange</a> (TRX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Exchange_106" title="The Exchange 106">The Exchange 106</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Transformation_Centre" title="Urban Transformation Centre">Urban Transformation Centre</a> (UTC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedai_Rakyat_1Malaysia" title="Kedai Rakyat 1Malaysia">1Malaysia People's Grocery Stores</a> (KR1M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_People%27s_Housing_Programme" title="1Malaysia People's Housing Programme">1Malaysia People's Housing Programme</a> (PR1MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_Square" title="1Malaysia Square">1Malaysia Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Lotus_(2010%E2%80%932011)#Formation" title="Team Lotus (2010–2011)">1Malaysia F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_for_Youth" title="1Malaysia for Youth">1Malaysia for Youth</a> (iM4U)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM4U_fm" class="mw-redirect" title="IM4U fm">iM4U fm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Corporate_scandals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Corporate_scandals" title="Template:Corporate scandals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Corporate_scandals" title="Template talk:Corporate scandals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Corporate_scandals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Corporate scandals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Corporate_scandals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_corporate_collapses_and_scandals" title="List of corporate collapses and scandals">Corporate scandals</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Sea_Company" title="South Sea Company">South Sea Company</a> (1720)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baring_crisis" title="Baring crisis">Panic of 1890 (Baring crisis)</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salad_Oil_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Salad Oil scandal">Salad Oil</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinney_National_Company#Financial_scandal" title="Kinney National Company">Kinney Services, Inc.</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_Ambrosiano" title="Banco Ambrosiano">Banco Ambrosiano</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrian_Group" title="Carrian Group">Carrian Group</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinness_share-trading_fraud" title="Guinness share-trading fraud">Guinness</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bofors_scandal" title="Bofors scandal">Bofors scandal</a> (1990) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polly_Peck" title="Polly Peck">Polly Peck</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Credit_and_Commerce_International" title="Bank of Credit and Commerce International">Bank of Credit and Commerce International</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maxwell" title="Robert Maxwell">Robert Maxwell</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Indian_stock_market_scam" title="1992 Indian stock market scam">Indian stock market scam</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banesto#1993_crisis_&_intervention" title="Banesto">Banesto</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallgesellschaft#Hedging_debacle" title="Metallgesellschaft">Metallgesellschaft</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towers_Financial_Corporation" title="Towers Financial Corporation">Towers Financial Corporation</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barings_Bank" title="Barings Bank">Barings Bank</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_copper_affair" title="Sumitomo copper affair">Sumitomo Corporation</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysine_price-fixing_conspiracy" title="Lysine price-fixing conspiracy">Lysine price-fixing conspiracy</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daewoo_dissolution_and_corruption_scandal" title="Daewoo dissolution and corruption scandal">Daewoo</a> (1999-2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-Term_Capital_Management" title="Long-Term Capital Management">Long-Term Capital Management</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CINAR_scandal" title="CINAR scandal">CINAR</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One.Tel" title="One.Tel">One.Tel</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enron_scandal" title="Enron scandal">Enron</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelphia_Communications_Corporation" title="Adelphia Communications Corporation">Adelphia</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldCom_scandal" title="WorldCom scandal">WorldCom</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmalat_bankruptcy_timeline" title="Parmalat bankruptcy timeline">Parmalat</a> (2003-2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyco_International#Corporate_scandal_of_2002" title="Tyco International">Tyco</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayou_Hedge_Fund_Group" title="Bayou Hedge Fund Group">Bayou Hedge Fund Group</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_trading_loss" title="2008 Société Générale trading loss">Société Générale</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Stearns#Subprime_mortgage_hedge_fund_crisis" title="Bear Stearns">Bear Stearns</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libor_scandal" title="Libor scandal">Libor</a> (2008–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo_Irish_Bank_hidden_loans_controversy" title="Anglo Irish Bank hidden loans controversy">Anglo Irish Bank</a> (2008–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_emissions_scandal" title="Volkswagen emissions scandal">Volkswagen emissions scandal</a> (2008–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyam_scandal" title="Satyam scandal">Satyam</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2G_spectrum_case" title="2G spectrum case">2G spectrum case</a> (2010–2019) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Herald_corruption_case" title="National Herald corruption case">National Herald corruption case</a> (2010–ongoing) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_Corporation_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="News Corporation scandal">News Corporation scandal</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympus_scandal" title="Olympus scandal">Olympus</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_coal_allocation_scam" title="Indian coal allocation scam">Indian coal allocation scam</a> (2012) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCZ#Accounting_practices" title="OCZ">OCZ</a> (2012–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saradha_Group_financial_scandal" title="Saradha Group financial scandal">Saradha Group financial scandal</a> (2013–ongoing) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forex_scandal" title="Forex scandal">Forex</a> (2013–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshiba#2015_accounting_scandal" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a> (2015)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1Malaysia Development Berhad</a> (2015–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo_account_fraud_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wells Fargo account fraud scandal">Wells Fargo account fraud scandal</a> (2016–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal" title="Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal">Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moser_Baer" title="Moser Baer">Moser Baer</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirecard_scandal" title="Wirecard scandal">Wirecard</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Corporation#Fraud_allegations" title="Nikola Corporation">Nikola</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Facebook_leak" title="2021 Facebook leak">Facebook company files leak</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Accounting_scandals" title="Accounting scandals">Accounting scandals</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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