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Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even while globally blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit pages on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a>. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Short description|International corruption scandal that began in Malaysia}} {{Lead too long|date=June 2024}} {{EngvarB|date=December 2016}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}} [[File:1mdb logo.png|thumb]] {{History of Malaysia}} {{Najib Razak sidebar}} The '''1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal''', often referred to as the '''1MDB scandal''' or just '''1MDB''', is an ongoing [[corruption]], [[bribery]] and [[money laundering]] [[conspiracy]] in which the Malaysian [[sovereign wealth fund]] [[1Malaysia Development Berhad]] (1MDB) was systematically [[Embezzlement|embezzled]], with assets diverted globally by the perpetrators of the scheme.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelleher |first=Dennis |date=2019-05-14 |title=Goldman Sachs and the 1MDB Scandal |url=https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2019/05/14/goldman-sachs-and-the-1mdb-scandal/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=The Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance |language=English |archive-date=23 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823190745/https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2019/05/14/goldman-sachs-and-the-1mdb-scandal/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Although it began in 2009 in [[Malaysia]], the scandal's global scope implicated institutions and individuals in politics, banking, and entertainment, and led to criminal investigations in a number of nations. The 1MDB scandal has been described as "one of the world's greatest financial scandals"<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |last1=Chen |first1=Heather |last2=Ponniah |first2=Kevin |last3=Mei Lin |first3=Mayuri |date=2019-08-09 |title=1MDB: The playboys, PMs and partygoers around a global financial scandal. It has been one of the world's greatest financial scandals. |website=[[BBC]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46341603 |access-date=2021-08-24 |archive-date=21 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721081321/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46341603 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|date=2020-11-06|title=Shorenstein Journalism Award Winner Tom Wright Recounts Story of Global Financial Scandal |url=https://fsi.stanford.edu/news/shorenstein-journalism-award-winner-tom-wright-recounts-story-global-financial-scandal |access-date=2021-08-24 |publisher=The Freeman Spogli Institute For International Studies, [[Stanford University]]}}</ref> and declared by the [[United States Department of Justice]] as the "largest [[kleptocracy]] case to date" in 2016.<ref>{{cite news|date=2016-06-20|title=International Corruption - U.S. Seeks to Recover $1 Billion in Largest Kleptocracy Case to Date|url=https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/us-seeks-to-recover-1-billion-in-largest-kleptocracy-case-to-date|access-date=2021-08-24|publisher=[[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]|archive-date=2 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802134941/https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/us-seeks-to-recover-1-billion-in-largest-kleptocracy-case-to-date|url-status=live}}.</ref> A 2015 [[document leak]] reported in [[The Edge (Malaysia)|''The Edge'']], ''[[Sarawak Report]]'', and ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' showed that [[Malaysia]]'s then-Prime Minister [[Najib Razak]] had channeled over [[Malaysian ringgit|RM]]&nbsp;{{Format price|2672000000}} (about US${{Format price|700000000}}) into his personal bank accounts from 1MDB, a government-run strategic development company.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 July 2015 |title=Malaysian taskforce investigates allegations $700m paid to Najib |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/06/malaysian-task-force-investigates-allegations-700m-paid-to-pm-najib |access-date=24 March 2018 |archive-date=22 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422204302/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/06/malaysian-task-force-investigates-allegations-700m-paid-to-pm-najib |url-status=live }}</ref> The alleged mastermind of the scheme, [[Jho Low]], was central in the movement of 1MDB funds internationally through [[Shell company|shell companies]] and [[Offshore bank|offshore bank accounts]]. As of 2018, the [[U.S. Department of Justice]] found that Low and other conspirators including officials from Malaysia, [[Saudi Arabia]] and the [[United Arab Emirates]] diverted more than US$4.5&nbsp;billion from 1MDB.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US DOJ says pursuing investigations related to Malaysia's 1MDB |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2018/05/22/us-doj-says-pursuing-investigations-related-to-malaysias-1mdb/ |access-date=22 May 2018 |website=The Star |archive-date=7 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707011004/https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2018/05/22/us-doj-says-pursuing-investigations-related-to-malaysias-1mdb/ |url-status=live }}</ref> These funds were used to purchase luxury items and properties, including superyacht [[Equanimity (yacht)|''Equanimity'']], and finance the American film company [[Red Granite Pictures]] and the production of [[The Wolf of Wall Street (2013 film)|''The Wolf of Wall Street'']] and other films.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Latiff |first=Rozanna |date=2020-07-26 |title=EXPLAINER-Malaysia's mega 1MDB scandal that brought down a prime minister |language=en |work=Reuters |editor-last=Birsel |editor-first=Robert |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/malaysia-politics-najib-idUSL3N2EU1O6 |access-date=2022-06-20 |archive-date=20 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620094845/https://www.reuters.com/article/malaysia-politics-najib-idUSL3N2EU1O6 |url-status=live }}</ref> 1MDB funds supported lavish lifestyles for Low, Najib and his wife [[Rosmah Mansor]], and established Najib's stepson [[Riza Aziz]] in [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]]. Attempts were also made for embezzled funds to be put towards political donations and [[Lobbying in the United States|lobbying]] in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=2020-10-09 |title=1MDB scandal: former Trump fundraiser charged with allegedly lobbying US to drop inquiry |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/09/1mdb-scandal-former-trump-fundraiser-charged-with-allegedly-lobbying-us-to-drop-inquiry |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=23 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823190725/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/09/1mdb-scandal-former-trump-fundraiser-charged-with-allegedly-lobbying-us-to-drop-inquiry |url-status=live }}</ref> The revelations became a major [[political scandal]] in Malaysia, triggering protests and backlash. After several Malaysian investigations were opened, Najib responded by dismissing several of his critics from government positions, including his deputy [[Muhyiddin Yassin]] and [[Attorney General of Malaysia|attorney-general]] [[Abdul Gani Patail]]. Charges against Najib were subsequently dismissed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jenkins |first=Nash |date=27 January 2016 |title=Dismissal of Corruption Charges Against Malaysian Prime Minister Prompts Scorn |url=https://time.com/4195382/najib-razak-1mdb-criticism-corruption/ |url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128014650/https://time.com/hive.org/web/20160128014650/http://time.com/4195382/najib-razak-1mdb-criticism-corruption/ |archive-date=28 January 2016 |access-date=2021-08-27 |publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> Among Najib's critics was former ally and Malaysia's fourth Prime Minister [[Mahathir Mohamad]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 August 2015 |access-date=2021-08-27 |title=Former Malaysia PM Mahathir calls for removal of PM Najib Razak |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34100659 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922110442/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34100659 |url-status=live }}</ref> who chaired the [[Malaysian Citizens' Declaration]], bringing together political figures and other organisations in calling for Najib Razak's resignation or removal. The Malaysian [[Conference of Rulers]] called for prompt investigation of the scandal, saying that it was causing a crisis of confidence in Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 2015 |title=Malaysia's royal rulers urge quick completion of 1MDB probe |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysias-rulers-urge-government-to-tie-up-probe-into-1mdb-as-soon-as-possible |access-date=1 March 2016 |website=The Straits Times |archive-date=9 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109193720/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysias-rulers-urge-government-to-tie-up-probe-into-1mdb-as-soon-as-possible |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal rulers deplore Malaysia's 'crisis of confidence' |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/10/royal-rulers-deplore-malaysia-crisis-confidence-151007064312312.html |access-date=1 March 2016 |publisher=Al Jazeera |archive-date=1 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081054/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/10/royal-rulers-deplore-malaysia-crisis-confidence-151007064312312.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Outside of Malaysia, investigations into financial and criminal activity relating to 1MDB opened in at least six countries.<ref name=":3" /> According to its publicly filed accounts, 1MDB had nearly RM&nbsp;42&nbsp;billion (US$11.73&nbsp;billion) in debt by 2015.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=27 February 2015 |title=1MDB faces fresh debt payment test |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/02/27/1mdb-faces-fresh-debt-payment-test/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301145440/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/02/27/1mdb-faces-fresh-debt-payment-test/ |archive-date=1 March 2015 |website=[[Free Malaysia Today]]}}</ref> Some of this debt resulted from a $3&nbsp;billion state-guaranteed 2013 bond issue led by the American investment bank [[Goldman Sachs]], which had been reported to have received fees of up to $300&nbsp;million for the deal, although the bank disputes this figure.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ellis |first=Eric |date=1 April 2015 |title=Jho says it ain't so: Malaysian tycoon denies role in 1MDB 'heist of the century' |work=Euromoney Magazine |url=http://www.euromoney.com/Article/3442824/Jho-says-it-aint-so-Malaysian-tycoon-denies-role-in-1MDB-heist-of-the-century.html |access-date=8 October 2015 |archive-date=6 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206172456/http://www.euromoney.com/Article/3442824/Jho-says-it-aint-so-Malaysian-tycoon-denies-role-in-1MDB-heist-of-the-century.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Nevertheless, Goldman Sachs was charged under the [[Foreign Corrupt Practices Act]] and agreed to pay over $2.9 billion in a settlement with the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]] (DOJ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 October 2020 |title=Goldman Sachs Charged in Foreign Bribery Case and Agrees to Pay Over $2.9 Billion |work=[[United States Department of Justice]] |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/goldman-sachs-charged-foreign-bribery-case-and-agrees-pay-over-29-billion |access-date=26 August 2021 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182642/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/goldman-sachs-charged-foreign-bribery-case-and-agrees-pay-over-29-billion |url-status=live }}</ref> American rapper [[Pras]], former Goldman Sachs chairman [[Tim Leissner]] and fundraiser [[Elliott Broidy]] were among those charged in the United States in connection with 1MDB. After the [[2018 Malaysian general election|2018 election]], the newly elected prime minister, [[Mahathir Mohamad]], reopened Malaysian investigations into the scandal.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Raghu |first1=Anuradha |last2=Shukry |first2=Anisah |date=12 May 2018 |title=Mahathir Picks Lim as Finance Minister, Returns Zeti to Council |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-12/malaysian-pm-mahathir-names-lim-guan-eng-as-finance-minister |access-date=18 May 2018 |archive-date=22 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422203741/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-12/malaysian-pm-mahathir-names-lim-guan-eng-as-finance-minister |url-status=live }}</ref> The Malaysian Immigration Department barred Najib<ref>{{Cite news |title=Former Malaysia PM Najib Razak banned from leaving country |work=BBC News |date=12 May 2018 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44092143 |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414225302/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44092143 |url-status=live }}</ref> and 11 others<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/12-people-on-malaysias-travel-blacklist-over-1mdb-probe |date=2018-05-18 |title=12 people on Malaysia's travel blacklist over 1MDB probe |website=[[The Straits Times]] |language=en |access-date=2021-08-23 |archive-date=21 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821115919/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/12-people-on-malaysias-travel-blacklist-over-1mdb-probe |url-status=live }}</ref> from leaving the country, while the police seized more than 500 handbags and 12,000 pieces of jewellery estimated to be worth US$270 million from property linked to Najib, the largest seizure of goods in Malaysian history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malaysia's former first lady Rosmah Mansor's seized handbags damaged and government should pay, lawyer tells court |date=10 June 2020 |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/3088461/malaysias-former-first-lady-rosmah-mansors-luxury-handbags |access-date=24 November 2020 |publisher=[[South China Morning Post]] |archive-date=23 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823190730/https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/3088461/malaysias-former-first-lady-rosmah-mansors-luxury-handbags |url-status=live }}</ref> Najib was later charged with criminal [[breach of fiduciary duty|breach of trust]], [[money laundering]] and [[abuse of power]], while alleged mastermind [[Jho Low]], by then an international [[List of fugitives from justice who disappeared|fugitive]], was charged with money laundering.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fugitive Malaysian Jho Low charged with money-laundering |date=24 Aug 2018 |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/1/112785/Fugitive-Malaysian-Jho-Low-charged-with-money-laundering |access-date=8 April 2022 |publisher=[[The Standard (Hong Kong)]] |archive-date=22 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422003903/https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/1/112785/Fugitive-Malaysian-Jho-Low-charged-with-money-laundering |url-status=live }}</ref> Najib was subsequently found guilty of seven charges connected to SRC International, a 1MDB subsidiary, and was sentenced to twelve years' imprisonment.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last1=Singh |first1=Sharanjit |last2=Khairulrijal |first2=Khairah N. Karim and Rahmat |date=2020-07-28 |title=Najib sentenced to 12 years' jail, RM210 million fine |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/crime-courts/2020/07/612343/najib-sentenced-12-years-jail-rm210-million-fine |access-date=2020-07-28 |website=NST Online |language=en |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729185140/https://www.nst.com.my/news/crime-courts/2020/07/612343/najib-sentenced-12-years-jail-rm210-million-fine |url-status=live }}</ref> In September 2020, the alleged amount stolen from 1MDB was estimated to be US$4.5 billion and a Malaysian government report listed 1MDB's outstanding debts to be at US$7.8 billion.<ref>{{cite web |last=Latiff |first=Rozanna |date=2020-11-06 |editor-last=Davies |editor-first=Ed |title=Malaysia's 1MDB state fund still $7.8 billion in debt - government report |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/malaysia-politics-1mdb-idUSKBN27M0VQ |access-date=2021-07-11 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> The government has [[Loan guarantee|assumed]] 1MDB's debts, which includes 30-year bonds due in 2039.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chew |first=Elffie |date=2020-11-06 |title=How 'Insolvent' 1MDB's Debt Stacks Up and Who's Saddled With It |publisher=[[Bloomberg News]] |url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/how-insolvent-1mdb-s-debt-stacks-up-and-who-s-saddled-with-it-1.1084733 |access-date=2021-08-26 |archive-date=26 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826100535/https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/how-insolvent-1mdb-s-debt-stacks-up-and-who-s-saddled-with-it-1.1084733 |url-status=live }}</ref> In August 2021, the United States had recovered and returned a total of US$1.2 billion of 1MDB funds misappropriated within its [[jurisdiction]],<ref>{{cite news|date=2021-08-06|title=Over $1.6 billion in misappropriated 1MDB funds repatriated to Malaysia so far|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/over-us1-billion-in-misappropriated-1mdb-funds-repatriated-to-malaysia|access-date=2021-08-06|website=[[Straits Times]]|archive-date=6 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806113954/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/over-us1-billion-in-misappropriated-1mdb-funds-repatriated-to-malaysia|url-status=live}}</ref> joining countries such as Singapore and several others which have also initiated recovery or that have already repatriated smaller recovered amounts.<ref>{{cite news|date=2018-09-10|title=Singapore to return $11 million in 1MDB-linked funds to Malaysia|url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/singapore-return-11-million-1mdb-linked-funds-malaysia-055606976--sector.html|access-date=2021-08-07|agency=[[Reuters]]|archive-date=7 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807142148/https://sg.news.yahoo.com/singapore-return-11-million-1mdb-linked-funds-malaysia-055606976--sector.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Background, key perpetrators == {{Further|1Malaysia Development Berhad}} [[Najib Razak]] became [[Prime Minister of Malaysia]] in 2009. In his first year in office, he established [[1Malaysia Development Berhad]] (1MDB), a [[sovereign wealth fund]], which sought out to make strategic investments and alleviate [[Poverty in Malaysia|poverty]], as part of his [[Malaysian economic policy under Prime Minister Najib|economic liberalisation policy]] and trademark [[1Malaysia]] program.<ref name="BBC" /> The fund had a budget of $1&nbsp;billion to invest, with Najib having the sole authority to sign off investments and manage the personnel on its board and management team.<ref name=":5" /> His wife is [[Rosmah Mansor]], whose son is [[Riza Aziz]] from a previous relationship.<ref name="BBC" /> [[Jho Low]] is a Malaysian businessman and financier from [[Penang]]. Despite not having a formal position at 1MDB, Low supported its establishment and was given extensive access to the fund due to high-profile political connections in Malaysia and the Middle East, and entertainment connections in the United States. Low joined high-level meetings and facilitated numerous deals.<ref name="BBC" /> [[Tim Leissner]] is a German banker who was chairman of American investment bank [[Goldman Sachs]] in its [[Southeast Asia]] ventures. Leissner was credited with making lucrative deals for Goldman in the region in the aftermath of the [[financial crisis of 2007–2008]]. The head of Goldman Sachs in Malaysia, Roger Ng, introduced Leissner to Jho Low. Leissner and Ng worked with Low and used his political connections to establish deals and orchestrate the scheme.<ref name="BBC" /> == Scheme == {{Expand section|date=June 2022}} The [[United States Department of Justice|US DOJ]] described the scheme as involving three phases. In August 2009, Najib and Low met with representatives of private oil company PetroSaudi on a yacht in [[Monaco]] to discuss 1MDB's first investment. This included Saudi royal [[Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud (born 1971)|Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud]] and Saudi national Tarek Obaid. During a subsequent visit to [[Saudi Arabia]], Najib signed a $2.5&nbsp;billion joint venture between PetroSaudi and 1MDB. The DOJ later said this was used as a "pretence" to move $1&nbsp;billion into a [[Swiss bank account]].<ref name=":5" /> An additional $1.4&nbsp;billion was then raised by [[Goldman Sachs]] in a [[bond issue]] and misappropriated into a bank account in Switzerland. An additional $1.3&nbsp;billion from Goldman Sachs was also diverted into a bank account in Singapore.<ref name=":5" /> US authorities say that Goldman Sachs, particularly Roger Ng, were central with orchestrating the scheme, particularly the [[Money laundering|laundering of money]] from the fund, some of which was used to pay [[Bribery|bribes]] to officials in Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |date=2022-04-08 |title=1MDB scandal: Ex-Goldman Malaysia boss found guilty |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61043609 |access-date=2022-06-23 |archive-date=17 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517102143/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61043609 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Use of funds === More than $4&nbsp;billion was stolen from the 1MDB fund and spent by perpetrators on art, [[Diamond (gemstone)|diamonds]] and property.<ref name=":6" /> Low allegedly used 1MDB funds to support a lavish lifestyle in the United States. The DOJ traced $100m from the PetroSaudi deal to the purchase of properties in [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] and $40m to apartments in [[New York City|New York]].<ref name="BBC" /> He established friendships with musicians [[Swizz Beats]], [[Alicia Keys]] and [[Pras]], was pictured partying with socialite [[Paris Hilton]], and used funds to purchase luxury items for model [[Miranda Kerr]] and singer [[Elva Hsiao]], with whom he was romantically involved.<ref name="BBC" /> Hollywood film production company [[Red Granite Pictures]], co-founded by Riza Aziz and [[Joey McFarland]] in 2010, also reportedly received misappropriated funds. The DOJ suggested these were put towards the production of [[The Wolf of Wall Street (2013 film)|''The Wolf of Wall Street'']], [[Daddy's Home (film)|''Daddy's Home'']] and ''[[Dumb and Dumber To]]'', and by 2017 had seized [[Royalty payment|royalties]] from all three films.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2017-06-19 |title=Leonardo DiCaprio turns over Marlon Brando Oscar, other gifts allegedly bought with 1MDB funds |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/leonardo-dicaprio-turns-over-marlon-brando-oscar-other-gifts-allegedly-bought |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=www.straitstimes.com |language=en |archive-date=17 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917105357/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/leonardo-dicaprio-turns-over-marlon-brando-oscar-other-gifts-allegedly-bought |url-status=live }}</ref> Jho Low was personally thanked in the credits of ''The Wolf of Wall Street''.<ref name=":7" /> == Malaysian investigations and actions == === Change of auditors and transparency === The RM 425&nbsp;million profit declared between 25 September 2009 and 31 March 2010 raised many criticisms and controversies about the lack of transparency in 1MDB's published accounts. [[Tony Pua]], [[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|DAP]] Member of Parliament for [[Petaling Jaya]] Utara, questioned Najib, 1MDB's advisory board chairman, as to whether the figures were the result of an asset injection into 1MDB by the government such as the transfer of land rights to the company.<ref name="insider">{{Cite news |last=Chooi |first=Clara |date=9 October 2010 |title=Pua says 1MDB profits suspect |work=The Malaysian Insider |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/pua-says-1mdb-profits-suspect/ |access-date=26 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012151903/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/pua-says-1mdb-profits-suspect |archive-date=12 October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1Malaysia Development Berhad Malaysia Factbook |url=http://malaysiafactbook.com/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316132016/http://malaysiafactbook.com/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad |archive-date=16 March 2014 |publisher=malaysiafactbook.com}}</ref> During the October 2010 parliamentary session, 1MDB explained that its accounts had been fully audited and signed off by [[KPMG]], and closed as of 31 March 2010. [[Deloitte]] was involved in the valuation and analysis of the portfolio, while [[Ernst & Young]] provided tax advice for 1MDB. 1MDB eventually rang alarm bells by asking for a six-month extension on the filing of its annual report with the [[Companies Commission of Malaysia]] (CCM) due by 30 September 2013. At the same time, the change of three auditors since its inception in 2009 was considered suspicious.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/has-1mdb-filed-its-accounts |title=Has 1MDB filed its accounts? |date=1 April 2014 |newspaper=The Edge |location=Malaysia |access-date=26 July 2015 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125075149/https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/has-1mdb-filed-its-accounts |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 April 2014 |title=Auditors highlight several critical areas in 1MDB's books |work=The Star |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/Business/Business-News/2014/04/22/Auditors-highlight-several-critical-areas-in-its-books-and-reveal-more-funds/ |access-date=26 July 2015 |archive-date=24 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424040457/http://www.thestar.com.my/Business/Business-News/2014/04/22/Auditors-highlight-several-critical-areas-in-its-books-and-reveal-more-funds/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Responding to earlier criticism, CCM said that 1MDB had responded and lodged the necessary information, including registering an address, as required by law.<ref>The business address is also available on the company's website, www.1mdb.com.my</ref> The [[Simpang Airport|Sungai Besi airport]] land transfer took place in June 2011 as a precedent for the development known as [[Bandar Malaysia]], a mixed integrated project of commercial, residential, and hi-tech green environment.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 June 2011 |title=Agreements inked to develop Sungai Besi airport land into Bandar Malaysia |work=The Star |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2011/06/15/agreements-inked-to-develop-sungai-besi-airport-land-into-bandar-malaysia |access-date=29 July 2020 |archive-date=28 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928201345/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2011/06/15/agreements-inked-to-develop-sungai-besi-airport-land-into-bandar-malaysia |url-status=live }}</ref> Prior to this, there had been questions in parliament by the opposition regarding the lack of progress on Bandar Malaysia even though 1MDB had already raised RM 3.5&nbsp;billion in loans and [[Islamic bond]]s to fund the project and take ownership of the land.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sipalan |first=Joseph |date=12 May 2015 |title=Amid lack of progress in Bandar Malaysia, Rafizi questions 1MDB's RM3.5b debt |url=https://www.malaymail.com/amp/news/malaysia/2015/05/12/amid-lack-of-progress-in-bandar-malaysia-rafizi-questions-1mdbs-rm3.5-bil-d/895229 |access-date=27 September 2015 |website=Malay Mail |archive-date=30 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430024416/https://www.malaymail.com/amp/news/malaysia/2015/05/12/amid-lack-of-progress-in-bandar-malaysia-rafizi-questions-1mdbs-rm3.5-bil-d/895229 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pua |first=Tony |date=19 February 2014 |title=Why is 1MDB raising RM2.4bil in loans? |url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/254822 |access-date=27 September 2015 |website=Malaysiakini |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223201209/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/254822 |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2013, 1MDB finally awarded a RM 2.1&nbsp;billion contract to Perbadanan Perwira Harta Malaysia (PPHM), a subsidiary of [[Lembaga Tabung Angkatan Tentera]] (LTAT) to develop eight sites for the relocation of [[Sungai Besi Airport|Pangkalan Udara Kuala Lumpur]], the military base on the Sungai Besi land that was to be developed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1MDB awards RM2.1bil contract to Armed Forces Fund Board unit |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2013/04/03/1mdb-awards-rm21bil-contract-to-armed-forces-fund-board-unit/ |access-date=4 February 2016 |website=The Star |location=Malaysia |archive-date=5 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505181426/https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2013/04/03/1mdb-awards-rm21bil-contract-to-armed-forces-fund-board-unit |url-status=live }}</ref> The construction of Bandar Malaysia was set to commence following the completion of this relocation. As part of its debt rationalisation plan, on 31 December 2015, 1MDB signed an agreement with a consortium comprising Iskandar Waterfront Holdings and [[China Railway Engineering Corporation]] to sell 60% of its stake in Bandar Malaysia Sdn Bhd.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmad |first=Razak |date=31 December 2015 |title=1MDB to sell 60% stake in Bandar Malaysia for RM7.41bil |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/12/31/1mdb-to-sell-stake-in-bandar-malaysia-for-7_41bil/ |access-date=1 March 2016 |website=The Star Online |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121184113/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/12/31/1mdb-to-sell-stake-in-bandar-malaysia-for-7_41bil |url-status=live }}</ref> However, this deal eventually fell through.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lee |first=Liz |date=15 July 2021 |title=Malaysia's $1.8 bln mega project with China Railway falls through |work=[[Reuters]] |editor-last=Davies |editor-first=Ed |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/malaysias-18-bln-mega-project-with-china-railway-falls-through-2021-07-15/ |url-status=live |url-access=registration |access-date=26 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814080140/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/malaysias-18-bln-mega-project-with-china-railway-falls-through-2021-07-15/ |archive-date=14 August 2021}}</ref> On 7 September 2015, a member of the board of advisors to 1MDB, [[Abdul Samad Alias]], resigned stating that he did so after many of his requests for information on 1MDB affairs were ignored.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Liang |first=Tan Yi |date=7 September 2015 |title=1MDB accepts adviser's resignation |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/09/07/1MDB-adviser-quits/ |access-date=27 September 2015 |website=The Star Online |archive-date=22 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722160608/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/09/07/1mdb-adviser-quits |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1MDB insists former adviser was not ignored |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/311540 |access-date=27 September 2015 |website=Malaysiakini |date=8 September 2015 |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223201206/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/311540 |url-status=live }}</ref> 1MDB subsequently denied receiving repeated requests from Abdul Samad, stating that its president, Arul Kanda, had personally met Abdul Samad in January and March that year to "discuss the company's affairs".<ref>{{Cite web |title=1MDB denies receiving 'repeated requests' for info from former advisor |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/09/08/1mdb-denies-receiving-repeated-requests-for-info-from-former-advisor/966193 |access-date=4 February 2016 |website=The Malay Mail |date=8 September 2015 |archive-date=14 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114003844/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/09/08/1mdb-denies-receiving-repeated-requests-for-info-from-former-advisor/966193 |url-status=live }}</ref> 1MDB had not had a proper external accounts audit since 2013, partly as a result of [[Deloitte]] Malaysia, their auditors at the start of that period, issuing a statement in July 2016 saying that their audit reports of 1MDB financial statements, dated 28 March 2014 and 5 November 2014 covering financial years 2013 and 2014 respectively, should no longer be relied upon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2016 |title=Deloitte Malaysia's statement on 1MDB accounts |url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1915579 |access-date=23 March 2018 |website=The Sun Daily |archive-date=24 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324102358/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1915579 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2017 |title=Lack of concern about 1MDB's unaudited accounts shows cover-up, says MP |url=https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/23854/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110001104/https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/23854/ |archive-date=10 January 2018 |access-date=23 March 2018 |website=The Malaysian Insight}}</ref> By early March 2015, with public discontent growing at the perceived lack of financial transparency at 1MDB, the Prime Minister, who was also the Chairman of 1MDB's Board of Advisors, ordered the [[Auditor General of Malaysia]] to carry out an audit of 1MDB.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ng |first=Jason |date=4 March 2015 |title=Malaysian Leader Orders Auditor to Verify 1MDB Accounts |work=wsj.com |publisher=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/malaysian-leader-orders-auditor-to-verify-1mdb-accounts-1425479032 |access-date=5 March 2015 |archive-date=10 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310012545/http://www.wsj.com/articles/malaysian-leader-orders-auditor-to-verify-1mdb-accounts-1425479032 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, on completion of the audit, the final report was classified as an [[Official Secrets Act|Official Secret]] and only made available to the [[Public Accounts Committee (Malaysia)|Public Accounts Committee]] (PAC) tasked to investigate improprieties at 1MDB.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Berthelsen |first=John |date=7 April 2016 |title=Malaysia Auditor General's 1MDB Report Classified |work=Asia Sentinel |url=https://www.asiasentinel.com/politics/malaysia-auditor-general-1mdb-report-classified/ |access-date=24 March 2018 |archive-date=24 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324041708/https://www.asiasentinel.com/politics/malaysia-auditor-general-1mdb-report-classified/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Iskandar |first=Amin |date=24 January 2018 |title=Azmin fails to unseal 1MDB audit report |work=The Malaysian Insight |url=https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/34072/ |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=24 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204214903/https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/34072/ |archive-date=4 February 2018}}</ref> Purported copies of the report however surfaced on the internet.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 April 2016 |title=Now Is The Best Time To Declassify AG's Report on 1MDB – There Should Be Nothing To Hide! |work=Transparency International Malaysia |url=https://transparency.org.my/pages/news-and-events/press-releases/now-is-the-best-time-to-declassify-ag-s-report-on-1mdb-there-should-be-nothing-to-hide |url-status=live |access-date=24 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324102909/http://transparency.org.my/media-and-publications/press-release/now-is-the-best-time-to-declassify-ags-report-on-1mdb-there-should-be-nothing-to-hide/ |archive-date=24 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2016 |title=Sarawak Report publishes AG's 1MDB report classified under Official Secrets Act |work=The Straits Times Singapore |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/sarawak-report-publishes-ags-1mdb-report-classified-under-official-secrets-act |access-date=24 March 2018 |archive-date=24 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324163814/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/sarawak-report-publishes-ags-1mdb-report-classified-under-official-secrets-act |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lim |first=Ida |date=8 April 2016 |title=Rafizi charged under secrecy law over leak on 1MDB federal audit |work=The Malay Mail |url=https://www.malaymail.com/amp/news/malaysia/2016/04/08/rafizi-charged-under-secrecy-law-for-leak-on-1mdb-audit/1096257 |access-date=24 March 2018}}</ref> After Najib's ouster in the 2018 general election, the much-leaked audit report was declassified by the new government on 12 May 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 May 2018 |title=1MDB audit report now declassified, says Auditor-General |work=[[The Edge (Malaysia)]] |url=https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/1mdb-audit-report-now-declassified-says-auditorgeneral |access-date=26 August 2021 |archive-date=26 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826125654/https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/1mdb-audit-report-now-declassified-says-auditorgeneral |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2018, after the formation of the new Cabinet following [[Pakatan Harapan]]'s victory in the [[Malaysian general election, 2018|General Elections]], [[Minister of Finance (Malaysia)|Finance Minister]] [[Lim Guan Eng]] ordered the appointment of [[PricewaterhouseCoopers]] (PwC) to conduct a special position audit and review of 1MDB.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2018 |title=1MDB Unable To Repay Debts – Guan Eng |url=http://malaysiandigest.com/frontpage/282-main-tile/739138-1mdb-unable-to-repay-debts-guan-eng.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524001245/http://malaysiandigest.com/frontpage/282-main-tile/739138-1mdb-unable-to-repay-debts-guan-eng.html |archive-date=24 May 2018 |access-date=24 May 2018 |website=Malaysian Digest}}</ref> === Debts and rating downgrade === It was reported that by early 2015, 1MDB has accumulated debts of nearly RM 42&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ringgit under pressure over 1MDB debt |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/business/article/ringgit-under-pressure-over-1mdb-debt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708045158/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/business/article/ringgit-under-pressure-over-1mdb-debt |archive-date=8 July 2015 |access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> Further alleged financial challenges caused 1MDB bonds to trade at a record low.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-02-24 |title=1MDB bonds drop to junk status as investors consider wind-down |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/money/2015/02/24/1mdb-bonds-drop-to-junk-status-as-investors-consider-wind-down/847295 |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=Malay Mail |language=en |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410124630/https://www.malaymail.com/news/money/2015/02/24/1mdb-bonds-drop-to-junk-status-as-investors-consider-wind-down/847295 |url-status=live }}</ref> Additionally, the Malaysian cabinet rejected a requested RM 3&nbsp;billion cash injection by 1MDB, narrowing its options to pay off its debts on time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cabinet rejects RM3&nbsp;billion for 1MDB as debt repayment options narrow |date=27 February 2015 |url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/my/article/cabinet-rejects-rm3-billion-1mdb-debt-repayment-options-narrow |access-date=7 July 2015 |archive-date=7 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707213301/http://www.theedgemarkets.com/my/article/cabinet-rejects-rm3-billion-1mdb-debt-repayment-options-narrow |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=RPT-MALAYSIA PRESS-Cabinet rejects $834 mln proposed injection into 1MDB-The Malaysian Insider |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/malaysia-press-1mdb-idUSL4N0W116S20150227 |access-date=7 July 2015 |archive-date=7 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707195912/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/02/27/malaysia-press-1mdb-idUSL4N0W116S20150227 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cabinet rejects RM3&nbsp;billion aid for 1MDB |url=https://www.malaysia-today.net/2015/02/27/cabinet-rejects-rm3-billion-aid-for-1mdb/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708120347/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/02/27/cabinet-rejects-rm3-billion-aid-for-1mdb/ |archive-date=8 July 2015 |access-date=7 July 2015 |website=Free Malaysia Today|date=27 February 2015 }}</ref> === Donation explanation from government === [[File:Najib Razak 2008-08-21.jpg|thumb|upright|Former Malaysian Prime Minister Najib has been heavily linked to 1MDB's eventual insolvency.<ref>{{Cite news |title=1MDB insolvent, unable to repay debts: 2 directors |publisher=[[The Straits Times]] |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/1mdb-insolvent-unable-to-repay-debts-2-directors |date=24 May 2018 |access-date=21 August 2021 |archive-date=21 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821152928/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/1mdb-insolvent-unable-to-repay-debts-2-directors |url-status=live }}</ref>]] On 3 August 2015, the MACC stated that the RM 2.6&nbsp;billion that had been banked into Najib's personal account came from donors, not 1MDB, but did not elaborate on who the donors were or why the funds were transferred, nor why this explanation had taken so long to emerge since the allegations were first made on 2 July 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murad |first=Dina |date=3 August 2015 |title=MACC: RM2.6bil in Najib's account from donors, not 1MDB's |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/08/03/1MDB-MACC-Najib/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807090751/https://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/08/03/1MDB-MACC-Najib/ |archive-date=7 August 2015 |website=The Star}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite news |last=Leong |first=Trinna |date=3 August 2015 |title=Malaysia's anti-graft unit says funds in PM's account a 'donation', not from state fund |newspaper=Reuters |editor-last=Macfie |editor-first=Nick |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/malaysia-politics-1mdb-idUKL3N10E3GR20150803 |via= |access-date=10 April 2023 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410124630/https://www.reuters.com/article/malaysia-politics-1mdb-idUKL3N10E3GR20150803 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]] Kuantan division chief Wan Adnan Wan Mamat later claimed that the RM 2.6&nbsp;billion was from Saudi Arabia as thanks for fighting [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIS]]. He further claimed that the Muslim community in the Philippines as well as southern Thailand had also received similar donations, and that since the donations were made to Najib personally as opposed to UMNO, the funds were deposited into Najib's personal accounts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Najib's RM2.6&nbsp;billion is from Saudi Arabia as thanks for fighting Isis, claims Umno leader |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/najibs-rm2.6-billion-is-from-saudi-arabia-as-thanks-for-fighting-isis-claim |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817121608/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/najibs-rm2.6-billion-is-from-saudi-arabia-as-thanks-for-fighting-isis-claim |archive-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> Saudi Foreign Minister [[Adel al-Jubeir]] said he was aware of the donation, and said that it was a genuine donation with nothing expected in return.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2016 |title=Malaysia 1MDB: Saudi minister says Najib funds were donation |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-36051474 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Oliver |date=14 April 2016 |title=Saudi Arabia says money sent to Malaysian PM was a 'genuine donation' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/15/saudi-arabia-money-malaysian-pm-najib-genuine-donation |access-date=14 April 2016 |website=The Guardian |archive-date=19 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919044022/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/15/saudi-arabia-money-malaysian-pm-najib-genuine-donation |url-status=live }}</ref> Attorney-general Mohamad Apandi Ali has said that the donation was from one of the sons of the late Saudi King [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|Abdullah]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Late Saudi king's son is RM2.6b donor, says Apandi |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/329644 |access-date=1 March 2016 |website=Malaysiakini |date=6 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223201214/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/329644 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Shannon |last=Teoh |title=KL graft-busters challenge A-G's decision on Najib |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/kl-graft-busters-challenge-a-gs-decision-on-najib |access-date=1 March 2016 |website=The Straits Times |date=28 January 2016 |archive-date=3 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403201654/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/kl-graft-busters-challenge-a-gs-decision-on-najib |url-status=live }}</ref> namely [[Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud]].<ref name="vecono">{{Cite news |date=8 November 2017 |title=Malaysia's prime minister will call an election soon |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21731091-despite-being-implicated-embezzlement-he-may-well-win |access-date=23 November 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109081256/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21731091-despite-being-implicated-embezzlement-he-may-well-win |url-status=live }}</ref> In an interview with [[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]], WSJ finance editor Ken Brown stated that the money did not come from the Saudis and they had evidence that it came from companies related to 1MDB.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RM2.6&nbsp;billion in Najib's accounts not from Saudis, says WSJ editor |url=http://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/rm26-billion-najibs-accounts-not-saudis-says-wsj-editor |access-date=1 March 2016 |website=TODAYonline |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223204222/https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/rm26-billion-najibs-accounts-not-saudis-says-wsj-editor |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=RM2.6 bil in Najib's accounts not from Saudis, says WSJ editor |url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/my/article/rm26-bil-najib%E2%80%99s-accounts-not-saudis-says-wsj-editor |access-date=1 March 2016 |archive-date=24 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424171100/http://www.theedgemarkets.com/my/article/rm26-bil-najib%E2%80%99s-accounts-not-saudis-says-wsj-editor |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WSJ refutes AG's Saudi donation claim |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/330908 |access-date=1 March 2016 |website=Malaysiakini |date=18 February 2016 |archive-date=12 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212032104/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/330908 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Bank Negara actions === Using the premise that 1MDB had used inaccurate or incomplete disclosure of information, Bank Negara, in early 2016, revoked permissions previously granted to 1MDB for investments abroad totalling $1.83&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.asiaone.com/news/malaysia/bank-negara-1mdb-breached-exchange-controls-three-permissions-revoked|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307141639/http://news.asiaone.com/news/malaysia/bank-negara-1mdb-breached-exchange-controls-three-permissions-revoked|archive-date=7 March 2016|title=Bank Negara: 1MDB breached exchange controls, three permissions revoked}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1MDB acknowledges BNM's right to revoke earlier permissions |url=https://api.nst.com.my/news/2015/10/1mdb-acknowledges-bnm%E2%80%99s-right-revoke-earlier-permissions |access-date=1 March 2016 |website=NST Online |archive-date=23 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823190942/https://api.nst.com.my/news/2015/10/1mdb-acknowledges-bnm%E2%80%99s-right-revoke-earlier-permissions |url-status=live }}</ref> Bank Negara then called for the Attorney General to begin criminal prosecution of 1MDB after completing its own investigations into 1MDB fund transfers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bank Negara urges criminal prosecution of 1MDB |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/bank-negara-says-probe-shows-1mdb-got-permissions-based-on-inaccurate-discl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035313/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/bank-negara-says-probe-shows-1mdb-got-permissions-based-on-inaccurate-discl |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=1 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BNM recommends criminal prosecution against 1MDB |url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1576971 |access-date=1 March 2016 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144038/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1576971 |url-status=live }}</ref> 1MDB responded that they were unable to repatriate the $1.83&nbsp;billion demanded by Bank Negara because the funds had already been utilized.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1MDB unable to repatriate US$1.83b ordered by Bank Negara |url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/315238 |access-date=1 March 2016 |website=Malaysiakini |date=9 October 2015 |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223201216/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/315238 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Police reports === The scandal took a dramatic twist on 28 August 2015 when a member of Najib Razak's own UMNO party filed a civil suit against him alleging a breach of duties as trustee and that he defrauded party members by failing to disclose receipt of the donated funds, and account for their use.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Umno member files lawsuit against Malaysia PM Najib |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/umno-member-files-lawsuit/2082076.html |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |archive-date=24 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124120106/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/umno-member-files-lawsuit/2082076.html }}</ref> This suit was filed in the [[High Courts of Malaysia|Kuala Lumpur High Court]] and also named party executive secretary Abdul Rauf Yusof. Expressing fear that Najib Razak would wield influence to remove any member of UMNO "for the sole purpose of avoiding liability", the court was also being moved for an injunction to restrain UMNO, its Supreme Council, state liaison body, divisions and branches from removing the nominal plaintiff as a party member pending the determination of the suit. The plaintiff was also seeking a repayment amounting to $650&nbsp;million, the amount allegedly deposited by Najib to a Singapore bank, an account of all monies that he had received in the form of donations, details of all monies in an AmPrivate Banking Account, allegedly belonging to Najib, along with damages, costs, and other reliefs.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Umno' sues Najib to retrieve chunk of RM2.6b |date=28 August 2015 |url=https://www.malaysia-today.net/2015/08/28/sensational-us650m-suit-filed-for-umno-against-najib/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126070840/http://www.malaysia-today.net/sensational-us650m-suit-filed-for-umno-against-najib/ |archive-date=26 January 2018 |access-date=28 August 2015}}</ref> One of the UMNO representatives, Anina Saadudin, who filed the lawsuit, was immediately expelled from the party.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anina sacked from Umno |url=http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2015/09/01/anina-sacked-from-umno/ |access-date=27 September 2015 |website=The Rakyat Post |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142454/http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2015/09/01/anina-sacked-from-umno/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Palansamy |first1=Yiswaree |last2=Kamal |first2=Shazwan Mustafa |date=2015-09-01 |title=Umno expels Langkawi woman rep for suing Najib, party executive secretary confirms |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/09/01/umno-expels-langkawi-woman-rep-party-executive-secretary-confirms/962083 |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=Malay Mail |language=en |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410124629/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/09/01/umno-expels-langkawi-woman-rep-party-executive-secretary-confirms/962083 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anina: 'I will continue to fight' |url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1540638 |access-date=27 September 2015 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612145121/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1540638 |url-status=live }}</ref> Another police report was filed by a [[Johor]] UMNO member, Abdul Rashed Jamaludin, against Najib Razak, over the funds that went into his bank account and other wrongdoings at 1MDB.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Now, Johor UMNO member lodges report against Najib over RM2.6&nbsp;billion |url=http://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/now-johor-umno-member-lodges-report-against-najib-over-rm26-billion |access-date=27 September 2015 |website=TODAYonline |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223204219/https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/now-johor-umno-member-lodges-report-against-najib-over-rm26-billion |url-status=live }}</ref> Another UMNO member, Khairuddin Abu Hassan, and his lawyer Matthias Chang, had submitted evidence on the 1MDB scandal to the Swiss attorney general for investigation into whether any Swiss banks had done business with 1MDB.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Umno man submits 1MDB evidence to Swiss AG |url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/309284 |access-date=27 September 2015 |website=Malaysiakini |date=20 August 2015 |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223201220/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/309284 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-20 |title=1MDB whistleblower submits evidence to Swiss prosecutor |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/08/20/1mdb-whistleblower-submits-evidence-to-swiss-prosecutor/955115 |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=Malay Mail |language=en |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410124631/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/08/20/1mdb-whistleblower-submits-evidence-to-swiss-prosecutor/955115 |url-status=live }}</ref> Khairuddin also lodged a police report in Hong Kong against Najib Razak and Jho Low, pertaining to four companies: Alliance Assets International, Cityfield Enterprises, Bartingale International and Wonder Quest Investment, which had purported dealings with 1MDB.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fuentes |first=Shane |date=August 31, 2015 |title=Khairuddin lodges reports against Najib, Jho Low in HK |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/08/31/khairuddin-lodges-reports-against-najib-jho-low-in-hk/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920044151/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/08/31/khairuddin-lodges-reports-against-najib-jho-low-in-hk/ |archive-date=20 September 2017 |access-date=27 September 2015 |website=Free Malaysia Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Westcott |first=Ben |date=3 September 2015 |title='These are traitors to the people, God and the country': Former Malaysian official asks Hong Kong police to investigate 1MDB scandal |url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1854950/these-are-traitors-people-god-and-country-former-malaysian |access-date=27 September 2015 |website=South China Morning Post |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223201225/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1854950/these-are-traitors-people-god-and-country-former-malaysian |url-status=live }}</ref> Khairuddin and Matthias were barred from leaving Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pair who lodged reports on 1MDB barred from leaving M'sia |url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/312758 |access-date=27 September 2015 |website=Malaysiakini |date=18 September 2015 |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223201209/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/312758 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Umno leader, lawyer allegedly barred from leaving country |url=http://news.asiaone.com/news/malaysia/former-umno-leader-lawyer-allegedly-barred-leaving-country |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920184925/http://news.asiaone.com/news/malaysia/former-umno-leader-lawyer-allegedly-barred-leaving-country |archive-date=20 September 2015 |access-date=27 September 2015 |website=AsiaOne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Murad |first=Dina |date=18 September 2010 |title=Khairuddin, Matthias Chang allegedly barred from leaving country |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/09/18/Khairuddin-Abu-Hassan-barred-from-leaving-country/ |access-date=27 September 2015 |website=The Star Online |archive-date=24 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224081409/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/09/18/khairuddin-abu-hassan-barred-from-leaving-country |url-status=live }}</ref> Khairuddin and Matthias were charged under the [[Security Offences (Special Measures) Act 2012|Security Offenses Act]] (SOSMA) under the pretext of sabotaging Malaysia's banking and financial sector.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Shannon |last=Teoh |title=Mahathir, Umno leaders slam prosecution of 1MDB critic and his lawyer |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/1mdb-critic-and-his-lawyer-charged-with-attempting-to-sabotage-malaysian-economy |access-date=1 March 2016 |website=The Straits Times |date=12 October 2015 |archive-date=11 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211143041/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/1mdb-critic-and-his-lawyer-charged-with-attempting-to-sabotage-malaysian-economy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fadzil |first=Firdaous |date=12 October 2015 |title=Khairuddin and Matthias vow to fight on |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/10/12/Khairuddin-Mathias-vow-to-fight-on/ |access-date=1 March 2016 |website=The Star Online |archive-date=24 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224113037/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/10/12/khairuddin-mathias-vow-to-fight-on |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marzukhi |first=Hafiz |date=October 12, 2015 |title=Khairuddin, Matthias Chang charged with sabotaging Malaysian banking, financial services |url=http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-news/khairuddin-matthias-chang-charged-sabotaging-malaysian-banking-financial-services-76133 |website=Astro Awani |access-date=12 October 2015 |archive-date=4 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504200459/http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-news/khairuddin-matthias-chang-charged-sabotaging-malaysian-banking-financial-services-76133 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Local lawsuits === The opposition [[People's Justice Party (Malaysia)|People's Justice Party]] (PKR) filed a lawsuit against Najib Razak, [[Tengku Adnan Tengku Mansor]], 1MDB and the [[Election Commission of Malaysia|Election Commission]] accusing them of violating election laws on campaign expenses, using funds from 1MDB.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2015 |title=After WSJ exposé, PKR hauls PM, 1MDB to court for alleged electoral offences |url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/after-wsj-expose-pkr-hauls-pm-1mdb-to-court-for-alleged-electoral-offences |access-date=1 April 2016 |archive-date=1 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401165540/http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/after-wsj-expose-pkr-hauls-pm-1mdb-to-court-for-alleged-electoral-offences |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PKR sues Najib over breach of election law in S$914m 'donation' |url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/no-title-31 |website=TODAYonline |access-date=28 July 2020 |archive-date=21 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921095639/https://www.todayonline.com/world/no-title-31 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, the Malaysian High Court threw out the suit, stating PKR had no legal standing to bring the suit against Najib and 1MDB.<ref>{{Cite web |title=High Court strikes out PKR civil suit against Najib |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/01/21/high-court-strikes-out-pkr-civil-suit-against-najib/ |website=www.thestar.com.my |access-date=28 July 2020 |archive-date=21 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921075433/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/01/21/high-court-strikes-out-pkr-civil-suit-against-najib/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lim |first=Ida |date=2016-01-21 |title=Court throws out PKRs election overspending lawsuit against Najib over RM2.6b |url=https://www.malaymail.com/article/164943 |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=Malay Mail |language=en |archive-date=23 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823190812/https://adgebra.co.in/AdServing/PushNativeAds?pid=5826&mkeys=&dcid=9&nads=1&deviceId=1&uid=1231311231&pnToken=ERBqGdwyZH62a3Lrr8Pq&inApp=&slotId=&templateId=&articleTitle=&articleDescp=&chToken=ERBqGdwyZH62a3Lrr8Pq&url=prnh-www.malaymail.com&refUrl=prnh-www.malaymail.com |url-status=live }}</ref> Former Prime Minister Mahathir has filed a lawsuit against Najib Razak for alleged interference in government investigations on 1MDB and the RM 2.6&nbsp;billion political donation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-23 |title=Dr M sues Najib over alleged interference in 1MDB, RM2.6b probes |url=https://www.malaymail.com/article/176576 |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=Malay Mail |language=en |archive-date=23 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823191325/https://adgebra.co.in/AdServing/PushNativeAds?pid=5826&mkeys=&dcid=9&nads=1&deviceId=1&uid=1231311231&pnToken=ERBqGdwyZH62a3Lrr8Pq&inApp=&slotId=&templateId=&articleTitle=&articleDescp=&chToken=ERBqGdwyZH62a3Lrr8Pq&url=prnh-www.malaymail.com&refUrl=prnh-www.malaymail.com |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Oliver |date=23 March 2016 |title=Former Malaysian premier Mahathir sues PM Najib over 'abuse of power' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/23/former-malaysian-premier-mahathir-sues-pm-najib-over-abuse-of-power |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=16 December 2016 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327012720/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/23/former-malaysian-premier-mahathir-sues-pm-najib-over-abuse-of-power |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Adam |first=Shamim |date=2016-03-23 |title=Malaysia Political Spat Escalates as Former Premier Sues Najib |language=en |work=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-03-23/malaysia-political-spat-escalates-as-former-premier-sues-najib |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-04-10 |archive-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523112929/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-03-23/malaysia-political-spat-escalates-as-former-premier-sues-najib |url-status=live }}</ref> === Government actions === Following criticisms of the 1MDB issue, deputy Prime Minister [[Muhyiddin Yassin]] was removed from office and his position was given to then Home Minister [[Ahmad Zahid Hamidi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherwell |first=Philip |date=28 July 2015 |title=Malaysia PM sacks top officials over corruption probe ahead of Cameron visit |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/malaysia/11766990/Malaysia-PM-sacks-top-officials-over-corruption-probe-ahead-of-Cameron-visit.html |access-date=30 August 2015 |website=The Daily Telegraph |archive-date=25 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925185857/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/malaysia/11766990/Malaysia-PM-sacks-top-officials-over-corruption-probe-ahead-of-Cameron-visit.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2015 |title=Malaysian PM Najib Razak sacks deputy after 1MDB graft scandal remarks |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/malaysian-pm-najib-razak-sacks-deputy-after-1mdb-graft-scandal-remarks-20150728-gim93a.html |url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801110019/http://m.smh.com.au/world/malaysian-pm-najib-razak-sacks-deputy-after-1mdb-graft-scandal-remarks-20150728-gim93a.html |archive-date=1 August 2015 |access-date=30 August 2015 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> Also removed from office was Rural and Regional Development Minister [[Shafie Apdal]] who was also critical of the 1MDB issue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Najib's manoeuvre cripples 1MDB probes |url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/306441 |access-date=30 August 2015 |website=Malaysiakini |date=28 July 2015 |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223201218/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/306441 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Axed from Cabinet, Shafie says only speaking for grassroots |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/07/28/axed-from-cabinet-shafie-says-only-speaking-for-grassroots/941465 |access-date=30 August 2015 |website=The Malay Mail |date=28 July 2015 |archive-date=5 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505175908/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/07/28/axed-from-cabinet-shafie-says-only-speaking-for-grassroots/941465 |url-status=live }}</ref> Both were eventually expelled from UMNO in June 2016. The attorney general [[Abdul Gani Patail]], who was heading a multi-agency task force investigating claims of misappropriations of funds allegedly involving Najib Razak and 1MDB, was dismissed and his position given to [[Mohamed Apandi Ali]], a former Federal Court judge.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gani Patail no longer Attorney-General, chief secretary says |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/07/28/gani-patail-no-longer-attorney-general-chief-secretary-says/941271 |access-date=30 August 2015 |website=The Malay Mail |date=28 July 2015 |archive-date=14 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114004958/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/07/28/gani-patail-no-longer-attorney-general-chief-secretary-says/941271 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Apandi Ali becomes new Attorney-General, replaces Gani Patail |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/apandi-ali-becomes-new-attorney-general-replaces-gani-patail |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831075826/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/apandi-ali-becomes-new-attorney-general-replaces-gani-patail |archive-date=31 August 2015 |access-date=30 August 2015 |publisher=The Malaysia Insider}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first1=Loshana K. |last1=Shagar |first2=M. |last2=Mageswari |date=2015-07-28 |title=Mohamed Apandi Ali replaces Gani Patail as Attorney-General |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/07/28/gani-patail-terminated |website=The Star |language=en |access-date=3 August 2022 |archive-date=23 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823191302/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/07/28/gani-patail-terminated |url-status=live }}</ref> Additionally, the Public Action Committee that was investigating the purported losses in 1MDB was indefinitely postponed due to four of its members being given positions in Najib Razak's cabinet, namely the PAC chairman Nur Jazlan Mohamed, Reezal Merican Naina Merican, Wilfred Madius Tangau and Mas Ermieyati Samsudin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hamid |first=Hamzah |date=July 28, 2015 |title=Cabinet reshuffled, AG replaced, PAC probe into 1MDB postponed |url=http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-news/cabinet-reshuffled-ag-replaced-pac-probe-1mdb-postponed-67545 |access-date=30 August 2015 |publisher=astroawani.com |archive-date=4 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504200326/http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-news/cabinet-reshuffled-ag-replaced-pac-probe-1mdb-postponed-67545 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PAC delay allows time to check on 1MDB document tampering, says minister |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/pac-delay-allows-time-to-check-on-1mdb-document-tampering-says-minister |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911045235/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/pac-delay-allows-time-to-check-on-1mdb-document-tampering-says-minister |archive-date=11 September 2015 |access-date=30 August 2015 |publisher=The Malaysia Insider}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaur |first=Minderjeet |date=July 29, 2015 |title=1MDB probe to continue as scheduled: PAC Deputy Chairman |url=http://www.nst.com.my/node/93778 |access-date=30 August 2015 |website=NST Online |archive-date=29 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529021530/https://www.nst.com.my/node/93778 |url-status=live }}</ref> The news publications The Edge Malaysia and The Edge Financial Daily were suspended, for three months in July 2015 for allegedly publishing false reports about 1MDB issues, by the Malaysian Home Ministry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Edge weekly, daily suspended for 3 months from July 27 |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/the-edge-weekly-daily-suspended-for-3-months-from-july-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910053043/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/the-edge-weekly-daily-suspended-for-3-months-from-july-27 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |access-date=30 August 2015 |publisher=The Malaysia Insider}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Jason |last=Ng |date=25 July 2015 |title=Malaysia Orders Suspension of Two Publications |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/malaysia-orders-suspension-of-two-publications-1437733153 |access-date=30 August 2015 |website=The Wall Street Journal |archive-date=1 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801075503/https://www.wsj.com/articles/malaysia-orders-suspension-of-two-publications-1437733153 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Edge daily and weekly suspended three months over 1MDB reports |url=https://www.malaymail.com/amp/news/malaysia/2015/07/24/the-edge-daily-and-weekly-suspended-three-months-over-1mdb-reports/939209 |access-date=30 August 2015 |work=The Malay Mail |date=24 July 2015 |archive-date=30 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430044112/https://www.malaymail.com/amp/news/malaysia/2015/07/24/the-edge-daily-and-weekly-suspended-three-months-over-1mdb-reports/939209 |url-status=live }}</ref> Also in 2015, the website ''Sarawak Report'' was blocked by [[Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission]], which regulates Internet services in Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web |title=MCMC confirms Sarawak Report blocked to maintain 'national stability' |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/mcmc-confirms-sarawak-report-blocked-to-maintain-national-stability |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821070642/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/mcmc-confirms-sarawak-report-blocked-to-maintain-national-stability |archive-date=21 August 2015 |access-date=30 August 2015 |publisher=The Malaysia Insider}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Milmo |first=Cahal |date=2015-07-20 |title=Why a UK-based whistleblowing website has been blocked in Malaysia |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/sarawak-report-whistleblowing-website-blocked-by-malaysia-after-pm-corruption-allegations-10402770.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724184337/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/sarawak-report-whistleblowing-website-blocked-by-malaysia-after-pm-corruption-allegations-10402770.html |archive-date=24 July 2015 |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> The Malaysian police also issued an arrest warrant for [[Clare Rewcastle Brown]], who was managing the Sarawak Report, alleging involvement in activities detrimental to parliamentary democracy and disseminating false reports about prime minister Najib.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sherwell |first=Philip |date=5 August 2015 |title=Malaysia issues arrest warrant for Gordon Brown's sister-in-law over allegations about prime minister Najib Razak |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/malaysia/11784140/Malaysia-issues-arrest-warrant-for-Gordon-Browns-sister-in-law-over-allegations-about-prime-minister-Najib-Razak.html |access-date=30 August 2015 |work=The Daily Telegraph |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907023455/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/malaysia/11784140/Malaysia-issues-arrest-warrant-for-Gordon-Browns-sister-in-law-over-allegations-about-prime-minister-Najib-Razak.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Interpol alert for Clare Rewcastle Brown in 190 countries |url=http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2015/08/07/interpol-alert-for-clare-rewcastle-brown-in-190-countries/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811051619/http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2015/08/07/interpol-alert-for-clare-rewcastle-brown-in-190-countries/ |archive-date=11 August 2015 |access-date=30 August 2015 |work=The Rakyat Post}}</ref> The police also arrested UMNO member Khairuddin Abu Hassan after he lodged police reports in London, Singapore, France and Hong Kong regarding alleged financial improprieties by 1MDB.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/cops-nab-khairuddin|title=Cops arrest former Umno man after barring him from leaving country|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928061406/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/cops-nab-khairuddin|archive-date=28 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/my/article/cops-arrest-former-umno-man-after-barring-him-leaving-country|title=Cops arrest former Umno man after barring him from leaving country|date=18 September 2015|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130559/http://www.theedgemarkets.com/my/article/cops-arrest-former-umno-man-after-barring-him-leaving-country|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=After travel ban, former Penang Umno leader nabbed by cops |date=18 September 2015 |url=https://www.malaymail.com/amp/news/malaysia/2015/09/18/after-travel-ban-former-penang-umno-leader-nabbed-by-cops/972533 |access-date=27 September 2015 |archive-date=30 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430032928/https://www.malaymail.com/amp/news/malaysia/2015/09/18/after-travel-ban-former-penang-umno-leader-nabbed-by-cops/972533 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to his lawyer, Khairuddin was going to the United States to meet with the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) to urge them to probe 1MDB over money laundering.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/312819|title=NYT: Khairuddin was supposed to meet FBI on 1MDB|work=Malaysiakini|date=19 September 2015|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-date=23 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223201220/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/312819|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Fuller |first=Thomas |date=19 September 2015 |title=Malaysia Blocks Critic of Prime Minister From Taking Case to U.S. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/19/world/asia/malaysia-blocks-critic-of-prime-minister-from-taking-case-to-us.html |access-date=1 March 2016 |work=The New York Times |archive-date=16 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916063624/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/19/world/asia/malaysia-blocks-critic-of-prime-minister-from-taking-case-to-us.html |url-status=live }}</ref> However, the FBI's New York City office confirmed to the WSJ that no agent had arranged to meet Khairuddin or had any previous contact with him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/fbi-begins-probe-into-1mdb-says-wsj|title=FBI begins probe into 1MDB, says WSJ|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928082005/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/fbi-begins-probe-into-1mdb-says-wsj|archive-date=28 September 2015}}</ref> Former [[List of Menteris Besar of Kedah|Kedah Menteri Besar]] [[Mukhriz Mahathir]] resigned his office on 3 February 2016, saying he did so because he had been told by Najib Razak that he was in the wrong by criticising him and 1MDB publicly.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/najib-ticked-me-off-about-raising-1mdb-rm2.6-billion-mukhriz-tells-supporte|title=Najib ticked me off over 1MDB, RM2.6&nbsp;billion, Mukhriz tells supporters|access-date=1 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216032936/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/najib-ticked-me-off-about-raising-1mdb-rm2.6-billion-mukhriz-tells-supporte|archive-date=16 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mok |first=Opalyn |date=2016-02-03 |title=Free from constraints as MB, Mukhriz says will speak out more |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2016/02/03/free-from-constraints-as-mb-mukhriz-says-will-speak-out-more/1053609 |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=Malay Mail |language=en |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410135551/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2016/02/03/free-from-constraints-as-mb-mukhriz-says-will-speak-out-more/1053609 |url-status=live }}</ref> Four months later, in June, Mukhriz was expelled from UMNO. His father, Mahathir Mohamad, who had been Malaysia's fourth prime minister and who had been a Najib supporter since Najib assumed office, withdrew his support and quit UMNO later that same month.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Au |first=Eunice |date=1 March 2016 |title=Mahathir quits Umno, calling it 'Najib's party' |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/mahathir-quits-umno-calling-it-najibs-party |access-date=10 April 2019 |website=The Straits Times |language=en |archive-date=12 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512071928/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/mahathir-quits-umno-calling-it-najibs-party |url-status=live }}</ref> Opposition member of parliament [[Rafizi Ramli]] was arrested and charged under the [[Official Secrets Act 1972|Official Secrets Act]] by the police and the government for leaking information about the Auditor General's report on 1MDB.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-08/malaysian-opposition-mp-charged-over-1mdb-scandal-related-leak/7312684|title=Malaysian opposition MP charged over 1MDB scandal-related leak|newspaper=ABC News|date=8 April 2016|access-date=13 April 2016|archive-date=23 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223201216/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-08/malaysian-opposition-mp-charged-over-1mdb-scandal-related-leak/7312684|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/malaysian-opposition-mp/2676698.html|title=Malaysian opposition MP charged over 1MDB leak|access-date=13 April 2016|archive-date=24 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124220802/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/malaysian-opposition-mp/2676698.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/malaysian-opposition-mp-arrested-allegedly-disclosing-gs-1mdb-report|title=Malaysian opposition MP arrested for allegedly disclosing A-G's 1MDB report|website=TODAYonline|access-date=28 July 2020|archive-date=21 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921104741/https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/malaysian-opposition-mp-arrested-allegedly-disclosing-gs-1mdb-report|url-status=live}}</ref> The Home Ministry stated that they and [[Interpol]] had been unsuccessful in locating various individuals linked to 1MDB to help in facilitating their investigations, including business tycoon Jho Low, 1MDB's former senior executives Casey Tang Keng Chee and Jasmine Loo Ai Swan, SRC International managing director Nik Faisal Ariff Kamil, and Deutsche Bank country manager Yusof Annuar Yaacob.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sivanandam |first=Hemananthani |date=17 November 2015 |title=Cops unable to locate key people linked to 1MDB issue |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/11/17/1MDB-police-probe-whereabouts/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=1 March 2016 |website=The Star Online |archive-date=24 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224091423/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/11/17/1mdb-police-probe-whereabouts |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Yunus |first=Arfa |date=November 17, 2015 |title=Interpol unable to locate Jho Low, others in 1MDB case |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/11/17/home-ministry-fails-to-locate-jho-low-others-in-1mdb-case/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919233932/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/11/17/home-ministry-fails-to-locate-jho-low-others-in-1mdb-case/ |archive-date=19 September 2017 |access-date=1 March 2016 |work=Free Malaysia Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1613119|title=Interpol help not sought|access-date=1 March 2016|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144049/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1613119|url-status=live}}</ref> Internet access was blocked by the [[Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission]] (MCMC), to websites including [[Medium (website)|Medium.com]], a [[social journalism]] platform over just a single article posted by ''Sarawak Report''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2016/01/28/malaysia-medium-block-explainer/|title=Why has Malaysia blocked Medium?|website=Engadget|date=28 January 2016|access-date=31 January 2016|archive-date=6 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806004925/http://www.engadget.com/2016/01/28/malaysia-medium-block-explainer/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/medium-legal/the-post-stays-up-d222e34cb7e7#.bds366l0b|title=The Post Stays Up|date=26 January 2016|website=Medium|access-date=31 January 2016|archive-date=30 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130151329/https://medium.com/medium-legal/the-post-stays-up-d222e34cb7e7#.bds366l0b|url-status=live}}</ref> Another website, [[Asia Sentinel]], was blocked after carrying a Sarawak Report article related to MACC completing a probe that allegedly resulted in 37 charges being drawn up against Najib.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/despite-being-blocked-asia-sentinel-says-will-continue-reporting-on-corrupt|title=Despite being blocked, Asia Sentinel says will continue reporting on corruption|access-date=1 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302020852/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/despite-being-blocked-asia-sentinel-says-will-continue-reporting-on-corrupt|archive-date=2 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/01/21/putrajaya-blocks-access-to-asia-sentinel-says-portal/|title=Putrajaya blocks access to Asia Sentinel, says portal|work=Free Malaysia Today|date=21 January 2016 |access-date=1 March 2016|archive-date=10 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110024620/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/01/21/putrajaya-blocks-access-to-asia-sentinel-says-portal/}}</ref><ref name="asiasentinel.com">{{cite web |last=Berthelsen |first=John |date=February 26, 2016 |title=Najib is Indictable, M'sia's Anti-graft Body Believes |url=http://www.asiasentinel.com/politics/malaysia-antigraft-watchdog-believe-najib-indictable/ |access-date=1 March 2016 |work=Asia Sentinel |archive-date=3 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703213635/https://www.asiasentinel.com/politics/malaysia-antigraft-watchdog-believe-najib-indictable/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[The Malaysian Insider]] was also blocked and its journalists investigated for carrying a report alleging that the MACC had found enough evidence in its investigations into Najib to charge him for corruption.<ref>{{cite web |last=Naidu |first=Sumisha |date=26 February 2016 |title=Minister defends Malaysia's free speech, as blocked news portal probed |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/minister-defends-malaysia/2551188.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124103524/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/minister-defends-malaysia/2551188.html |archive-date=24 January 2017 |access-date=1 March 2016 |publisher=Channel News Asia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=25 February 2016 |title=Malaysia blocks access to news portal for violating media law |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-politics-media-idUSKCN0VY1XL |access-date=1 March 2016 |series= |archive-date=31 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731093656/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-politics-media-idUSKCN0VY1XL |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Middleton |first=Rachel |date=25 February 2016 |title=Malaysia blocks another news portal as 1MDB scandal deepens over oversight panel probing fund |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/malaysia-blocks-another-news-portal-1mdb-scandal-deepens-over-oversight-panel-probing-fund-1546075 |access-date=1 March 2016 |work=International Business Times UK |archive-date=1 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301021830/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/malaysia-blocks-another-news-portal-1mdb-scandal-deepens-over-oversight-panel-probing-fund-1546075 |url-status=live }}</ref> Blocks were removed shortly after the handover of power from Najib's government in the [[2018 Malaysian general election|2018 general election]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=McBride |first=Blair |date=29 May 2018 |title=Malaysian government unblocks media sites, raising hopes of new freedoms |url=https://www.efe.com/efe/english/world/malaysian-government-unblocks-media-sites-raising-hopes-of-new-freedoms/50000262-3630936 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529120416/https://www.efe.com/efe/english/world/malaysian-government-unblocks-media-sites-raising-hopes-of-new-freedoms/50000262-3630936 |archive-date=29 May 2018 |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=[[EFE]]}}</ref> === Ramifications and debt restructuring default, 2016 === The Malaysian Public Accounts Committee (PAC) inquiry into 1MDB revealed that the management of the fund acted without the board's approval and misled auditors several times,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/1mdb-boss-blamed-by-watchdog-triggering-boards-resignation/news-story/6e49d20875f820238d61b7984969da49|title=1mdb boss blamed by watchdog triggering boards resignation|work=The Australian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Latiff |first1=Rozanna |last2=Chow |first2=Emily |last3=Menon |first3=Praveen |date=7 April 2016 |title=Malaysia parliament report calls for probe into 1MDB |newspaper=Reuters |editor-last=Tarrant |editor-first=Bill |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-1mdb-idUSKCN0X407M |access-date=30 June 2017 |archive-date=28 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228102559/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-1mdb-idUSKCN0X407M |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2016/04/07/pac-report-1mdb-got-special-treatment-from-putrajaya/1095791|title=PAC report: 1MDB got special treatment from Putrajaya|date=7 April 2016|work=The Malay Mail|access-date=12 February 2023|archive-date=12 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212174423/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2016/04/07/pac-report-1mdb-got-special-treatment-from-putrajaya/1095791|url-status=live}}</ref> calling for the police to investigate its former manager.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/07/malaysian-parliament-calls-for-probe-into-1mdbs-former-boss|title=Malaysian parliament calls for inquiry into 1MDB's former boss|agency=Reuters|website=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=7 April 2016|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-date=23 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223201205/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/07/malaysian-parliament-calls-for-probe-into-1mdbs-former-boss|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/04/07/1mdb-report-pac-zeroes-in/|title=1MDB report: PAC zeroes in on former CEO Shahrol as among the culprits|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=28 July 2020|archive-date=23 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823191310/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/04/07/1mdb-report-pac-zeroes-in/|url-status=live}}</ref> The PAC also found that the board of directors in which Najib Razak was the chairman failed in giving proper oversight of the fund's finances.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/07/malaysia-directors-scandal-1mdb-state-investment-fund-mass-resignation-najib-razak|title=Malaysia: directors of scandal-hit 1MDB state investment fund offer mass resignation|agency=The Associated Press in Kuala Lumpur|website=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=7 April 2016|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-date=23 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223201210/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/07/malaysia-directors-scandal-1mdb-state-investment-fund-mass-resignation-najib-razak|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/08/world/asia/malaysia-1mdb-najib-razak-board.html|title=Malaysia Panel Calls for Investigation of Former Head of 1MDB Fund|date=8 April 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=1 March 2017|archive-date=23 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223201205/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/08/world/asia/malaysia-1mdb-najib-razak-board.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The 1MDB board of directors immediately submitted their resignations after the PAC findings were made public.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/board-of-1mdb-resigns-after-parliamentary-report/3274195.html|title=1MDB Board Resigns After Parliamentary Report|website=[[Voice of America]]|access-date=20 November 2022|archive-date=20 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120103200/https://www.voanews.com/a/board-of-1mdb-resigns-after-parliamentary-report/3274195.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-07/malaysia-parliamentary-inquiry-calls-for-probe-into-ex-1mdb-ceo/7308604|title=Malaysia 1MDB board offers resignations after inquiry|newspaper=ABC News|date=7 April 2016|access-date=7 April 2016|archive-date=28 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228102559/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-07/malaysia-parliamentary-inquiry-calls-for-probe-into-ex-1mdb-ceo/7308604|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sltrib.com/home/3750879-155/board-of-troubled-malaysia-fund-offers|title=Board of troubled Malaysia fund offers to resign|first=Eileen|last=Ng|agency=The Associated Press|access-date=7 April 2016|archive-date=21 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421012956/http://www.sltrib.com/home/3750879-155/board-of-troubled-malaysia-fund-offers|url-status=live}}</ref> The PAC report stated that US$3.5&nbsp;billion was paid to a company, Aabar Investments PJS, but IPIC released a statement that neither it or its subsidiary Aabar Investments PJS have any links to a British Virgin Islands-incorporated firm Aabar BVI or received any money from that BVI firm.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/04/11/ipic-denies-links-with-bvi-incorporated-firm-linked-to-1mdb/|title=IPIC denies links with BVI-incorporated firm linked to 1MDB|date=11 April 2016|access-date=13 April 2016|archive-date=14 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414105503/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/04/11/ipic-denies-links-with-bvi-incorporated-firm-linked-to-1mdb/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/04/12/malaysia-fund-1mdbs-payment-to-abu-dhabi-fund-ipic-may-have-ended-up-in-the-movie-business.html|title=1MDB payment may have ended up in movies|last=Shaffer|first=Leslie|website=[[CNBC]]|date=13 April 2016|access-date=8 September 2017|archive-date=1 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801074707/https://www.cnbc.com/2016/04/12/malaysia-fund-1mdbs-payment-to-abu-dhabi-fund-ipic-may-have-ended-up-in-the-movie-business.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/international/mystery-deepens-over-us-3/2686164.html |title=Mystery deepens over US$3.5 billion Malaysia's 1MDB sent to BVI entity |agency=Reuters|via=Channel NewsAsia |date=11 April 2016 |access-date=13 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414104636/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/international/mystery-deepens-over-us-3/2686164.html |archive-date=14 April 2016 }}</ref> International Petroleum Investment Company made an announcement in a filing in the [[London Stock Exchange]] that 1MDB failed to make a US$1.1&nbsp;billion payment as part of its [[debt restructuring]] agreement, and that the debt deal between the two companies has been terminated.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/abu-dhabi-fund-1mdb-in-default-over-failure-to-make-1-1-billion-payment-1460971905|title=Abu Dhabi Fund Calls 1MDB in Default After Missed Payment|last1=Hope|first1=Bradley|last2=Parasie|first2=Nicolas|date=18 April 2016|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|last3=Wright|first3=Tom|access-date=4 March 2017|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416172138/https://www.wsj.com/articles/abu-dhabi-fund-1mdb-in-default-over-failure-to-make-1-1-billion-payment-1460971905|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-scandal-idUSKCN0XF0YJ|title=UAE fund says Malaysia's 1MDB in default on $1&nbsp;billion deal|date=18 April 2016|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=30 June 2017|archive-date=28 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228102556/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-scandal-idUSKCN0XF0YJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/04/18/abu-dhabis-ipic-says-malaysias-1mdb-in-default-on-june-rescue-deal.html|title=Abu Dhabi fund says 1MDB in default on rescue deal|publisher=CNBC|date=18 April 2016|access-date=8 September 2017|archive-date=23 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323161536/https://www.cnbc.com/2016/04/18/abu-dhabis-ipic-says-malaysias-1mdb-in-default-on-june-rescue-deal.html|url-status=live}}</ref> === Renewed investigations 2018-2021=== After the [[Malaysian general election, 2018|14th Malaysian general election]] on 9 May 2018 which marked a historic defeat for the [[Barisan Nasional]] coalition led by Najib Razak, [[Pakatan Harapan]] formed a new government led by Prime Minister [[Mahathir Mohamad]]. The government set up a special task force headed by former Attorney General [[Malay styles and titles|Tan Sri]] [[Abdul Gani Patail]] to renew investigations into the 1MDB scandal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/05/21/special-task-force-formed-to-look-into-1mdb/#vlGK8L6AxCe2OxGI.99|title=Special task force formed to look into 1MDB|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=9 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143558/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/05/21/special-task-force-formed-to-look-into-1mdb/#vlGK8L6AxCe2OxGI.99|url-status=live}}</ref> The government barred Najib Razak from leaving the country, and the police seized cash and valuable items amounting to between RM 900&nbsp;million and RM 1.1&nbsp;billion ($220&nbsp;million and $269&nbsp;million) from residential units linked to Najib and his wife [[Rosmah Mansor]]. As claimed by the police, this was the biggest seizure in Malaysian history, with the seized items comprising more than 12,000 pieces of jewelry, 423 valuable watches and 567 handbags made up of 37 luxury brands.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2018/05/25/amount-cash-seized-najib-linked-condo-rm114m|title=Amount of cash seized from Najib-linked condo is RM114m|website=www.thesundaily.my|language=en|access-date=9 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144020/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2018/05/25/amount-cash-seized-najib-linked-condo-rm114m|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/06/27/amar-singh-pc-1mdb/|title=Value of cash and goods seized from Najib-linked residences amounted to about RM1bil (updated)|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=27 June 2018|archive-date=13 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713021855/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/06/27/amar-singh-pc-1mdb/|url-status=live}}</ref> Najib was subsequently arrested by the MACC.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-politics-najib-idUSKBN1JT0WJ|title=Malaysian ex-prime minister Najib arrested in stunning fall from grace|date=3 July 2018|work=Reuters|access-date=29 May 2019|language=en}}</ref> In September 2018, he faced 25 charges relating to abuse of power and money laundering amounting to RM 2.3&nbsp;billion ($556&nbsp;million), on top of seven charges with criminal breach of trust and power abuse brought against him in the preceding two months.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/najib-razak-1mdb-court-statement-anti-graft-agency-headquarters-10738998|title=Former Malaysian PM Najib Razak claims trial to 25 charges of abuse of power, money laundering|work=Channel NewsAsia|access-date=20 September 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920042936/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/najib-razak-1mdb-court-statement-anti-graft-agency-headquarters-10738998}}</ref> As of April 2019, he stands with 42 charges. [[File:Equanimity, the seized yacht.jpg|left|thumb|[[Superyacht]] [[Equanimity (yacht)|''Equanimity'']] was seized by Indonesian authorities in 2018 and returned to Malaysia after being allegedly purchased by [[Jho Low]] with embezzled 1MDB funds.]] The government has also issued arrest warrants against Jho Low and former director of SRC International Nik Faisal Ariff Kamil in a graft probe related to the state fund 1MDB.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2018/06/07/macc-said-to-plan-arrest-of-jho-low/|title=MACC issues arrest warrants for Jho Low and Nik Faisal, ex Goldman Sachs banker is next|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=9 June 2018|archive-date=7 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180607184335/https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2018/06/07/macc-said-to-plan-arrest-of-jho-low/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 28 June 2018, two days before the end of his employment contract, 1MDB sacked its president and Chief Executive Officer Arul Kanda on grounds of dereliction of duties.<ref>{{cite web | title=1MDB sacks Arul Kanda | website=The Edge Market | date=29 June 2018 | url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/1mdb-sacks-arul-kanda | access-date=6 July 2018 | archive-date=6 July 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706162928/http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/1mdb-sacks-arul-kanda | url-status=live }}</ref> Media reports from June 2018 also indicate that the MACC froze bank accounts associated with UMNO, purportedly in relation to investigations into the 1MDB matter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2018/06/385592/macc-has-frozen-supps-account|title=MACC has frozen SUPP's account|first=Goh|last=Pei Pei|date=29 June 2018|website=NST Online|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526151452/https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2018/06/385592/macc-has-frozen-supps-account|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2018, Malaysian police filed criminal charges against Jho Low and his father Larry Low over money laundering of US$457&nbsp;million, which was allegedly stolen from 1MDB and most of the cash used for purchasing the superyacht ''[[Equanimity (yacht)|Equanimity]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/malaysia-files-criminal-charges-against-jho-low-absentia|title=Malaysia files criminal charges against Jho Low in absentia|date=24 August 2018|work=The Edge Markets|access-date=17 September 2018|archive-date=17 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917181624/http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/malaysia-files-criminal-charges-against-jho-low-absentia|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/08/24/report-criminal-charges-filed-against-jho-low-and-his-father/|title=Report: Criminal charges filed against Jho Low and his father – Nation|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=17 September 2018|archive-date=23 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823191314/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/08/24/report-criminal-charges-filed-against-jho-low-and-his-father/|url-status=live}}</ref> From 29 October through 28 November 2018, the ''Equanimity'' was up for auction by investigators (pending a US$1&nbsp;million deposit).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thethaiger.com/news/regional/superyacht-going-cheap-1mdb-investigators-auction-off-seized-boat|title=Superyacht going cheap – 1MDB investigators auction off seized boat|date=27 October 2018|work=The Thaiger|access-date=1 November 2018|archive-date=1 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101101042/https://thethaiger.com/news/regional/superyacht-going-cheap-1mdb-investigators-auction-off-seized-boat|url-status=live}}</ref> It was eventually sold to the [[Genting Group]] at $126&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-govt-may-be-forced-to-sell-jho-lows-luxury-equanimity-yacht-at-hefty-discount|title=Malaysia to sell 1MDB-linked superyacht to casino operator Genting for $170 million|date=3 April 2019|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=10 April 2019|archive-date=5 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405102446/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-govt-may-be-forced-to-sell-jho-lows-luxury-equanimity-yacht-at-hefty-discount|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2018, the Attorney-General Chambers of Malaysia filed criminal charges against subsidiaries of Goldman Sachs, their former employees Tim Leissner and Roger Ng Chong Hwa, former 1MDB employee Jasmine Loo, and Jho Low in connection with 1MDB bond offerings arranged and underwritten by Goldman Sachs in 2012 and 2013. The prosecutors were seeking criminal fines in excess of $2.7&nbsp;billion misappropriated from the bonds proceeds, $600&nbsp;million in fees received by Goldman Sachs, as well as custodial sentences against the individuals accused.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesundaily.my/local/malaysia-files-charges-against-goldman-over-1mdb-scandal-updated-JI280092|title=Malaysia files charges against Goldman over 1MDB scandal (Updated)|last=Panirchellvum|first=Vathani|website=www.thesundaily.my|language=en|access-date=17 December 2018|archive-date=17 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217165052/https://www.thesundaily.my/local/malaysia-files-charges-against-goldman-over-1mdb-scandal-updated-JI280092|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/17/agc-files-criminal-charges-against-subsidiaries-of-goldman-sachs-and-employees/|title=AGC files criminal charges against subsidiaries of Goldman Sachs and employees|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=17 December 2018|archive-date=17 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217120523/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/17/agc-files-criminal-charges-against-subsidiaries-of-goldman-sachs-and-employees/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/19/former-goldman-sachs-banker-charged-with-abetting-bank/|title=Ex-Goldman Sachs banker charged with abetting bank|last=Hamdan|first=Nurbaiti|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=20 December 2018|archive-date=23 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823191318/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/19/former-goldman-sachs-banker-charged-with-abetting-bank/|url-status=live}}</ref> During an investigation into the 1MDB scandal in January 2020, Najib Tun Razak asked the then UAE crown prince, [[Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan|Mohammed Bin Zayed]] to help fabricate a loan agreement showing his stepson had received financing from IPIC and not from 1MDB in an attempt to cover up the scandal, according to the audio clips revealed by Malaysian anti-corruption officials.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/08/1mdb-scandal-malaysias-former-pm-asked-uae-to-fake-evidence | title=1MDB scandal: Malaysia's former PM 'asked UAE to fake evidence' | website=[[TheGuardian.com]] | date=8 January 2020 | access-date=15 May 2022 | archive-date=23 August 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823191320/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/08/1mdb-scandal-malaysias-former-pm-asked-uae-to-fake-evidence | url-status=live }}</ref> On 28 July 2020, Najib was found guilty in all seven charges related to SRC and was sentenced to 12 years' jail and a fine of RM 210&nbsp;million ($49.5&nbsp;million).<ref name=":1" /> Respectively on 8 December 2021 and 23 August 2022, the Court of Appeal and the Federal Court upheld the conviction and sentence of Najib in all the SRC cases, in which Najib was found guilty of misappropriating RM42mil from the company's coffers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Court of Appeal upholds Najib's SRC conviction|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2021/12/08/court-of-appeal-upholds-najib039s-src-conviction|website=The Star|language=en|access-date=24 February 2022|archive-date=9 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209024726/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2021/12/08/court-of-appeal-upholds-najib039s-src-conviction|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Hafiz |last=Yatim |date=2022-08-23 |title=Najib to go to jail as apex court upholds guilty verdict in SRC final appeal |url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/najib-go-jail-apex-court-upholds-guilty-verdict-src-final-appeal |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=The Edge Markets |archive-date=5 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905233934/https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/najib-go-jail-apex-court-upholds-guilty-verdict-src-final-appeal |url-status=live }}</ref> On 1 September 2022, Najib's wife [[Rosmah Mansor]] was also found guilty of three counts of corruption by the Malaysian High Court and sentenced to both a ten-year term of imprisonment and a RM970 million fine.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysian-court-finds-ex-pms-wife-rosmah-guilty-of-corruption|title=Ex-Malaysian PM Najib's wife Rosmah gets 10 years' jail, fined $303m for corruption|work=[[The Straits Times]]|location=Singapore|date=1 September 2022|access-date=1 September 2022|archive-date=1 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901071951/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysian-court-finds-ex-pms-wife-rosmah-guilty-of-corruption|url-status=live}}</ref> {{-}} == Investigations by foreign law enforcement agencies == === Australia === The Australian fund management company Avestra Asset Management, which managed up to RM 2.32&nbsp;billion in 1MDB funds, is being liquidated, and is under investigation by the [[Australian Securities and Investments Commission]] for reported breaches of the law and potential losses to its members.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/11/03/australia-firm-caught-up-in-1mdb-scandal-report.html|title=Australia firm caught up in 1MDB scandal: Report|website=[[CNBC]]|date=3 November 2015|access-date=8 September 2017|archive-date=28 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828051214/https://www.cnbc.com/2015/11/03/australia-firm-caught-up-in-1mdb-scandal-report.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/malaysias-1mdb-scandal-australian-connection-in-malaysia-scandal/story-e6frg8zx-1227580538357|title=Nocookies|work=The Australian|access-date=1 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/b1b8b846-7dff-11e5-93c6-bba4b4b36134.html|title=Caribbean dealings stalk Malaysia's 1MDB|last1=Peel|first1=Michael|last2=O'Murchu|first2=Cynthia|date=30 October 2015|newspaper=Financial Times|last3=Harris|first3=Bryan|access-date=5 November 2015|archive-date=7 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707015537/http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/b1b8b846-7dff-11e5-93c6-bba4b4b36134.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[High Court of Australia|Australian High Court]] has ordered five investment schemes run by Avestra to close down after discovering undisclosed related-party transactions, with 13 potential breaches of corporate law and failure to invest according to the fund's individual mandates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/companies/court-shuts-avestra-schemes-linked-to-1mdb-crisis/news-story/7a53ee1fd8fbc4d333da32fa6946aa3e|title=Nocookies|work=The Australian|access-date=1 March 2016|archive-date=22 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222022707/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/companies/court-shuts-avestra-schemes-linked-to-1mdb-crisis/news-story/7a53ee1fd8fbc4d333da32fa6946aa3e|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/australia-shuts-down-investment-schemes-run-by-fund-linked-to-1mdb|title=Australia shuts down investment schemes run by fund linked to 1MDB|access-date=1 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061254/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/australia-shuts-down-investment-schemes-run-by-fund-linked-to-1mdb|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> === Cyprus === Jho Low's Cyprus passport is revoked by a decision of the Cypriot cabinet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-05 |title=Jho Low's Cypriot passport revoked |url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2024/06/05/jho-lows-cypriot-passport-revoked/ |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=cyprus-mail.com |language=en |archive-date=23 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723042155/https://cyprus-mail.com/2024/06/05/jho-lows-cypriot-passport-revoked/ |url-status=live }}</ref> === Hong Kong === In 2015, Hong Kong police began investigations regarding $250&nbsp;million in [[Credit Suisse]] branch deposits in Hong Kong linked to Najib Razak and 1MDB.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/hong-kong-police-launch-probe-into-us250-million-linked-to-najib/malaysia/article/hong-kong-police-launch-probe-into-us250-million-linked-to-najib|title=Hong Kong police launch probe into US$250&nbsp;million linked to Najib|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928090226/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/hong-kong-police-launch-probe-into-us250-million-linked-to-najib/malaysia/article/hong-kong-police-launch-probe-into-us250-million-linked-to-najib|archive-date=28 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/09/10/1mdb-scandal-hong-kong-police-probe-deposits-allegedly-linked-to-najib-razak.html|title=The growing 1MDB scandal has now spread to Hong Kong|first=Bryan Harris and Michael|last=Peel|website=[[CNBC]]|date=11 September 2015|access-date=8 September 2017|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162102/https://www.cnbc.com/2015/09/10/1mdb-scandal-hong-kong-police-probe-deposits-allegedly-linked-to-najib-razak.html|url-status=live}}</ref> === Indonesia === Indonesia seized the superyacht ''[[Equanimity (yacht)|Equanimity]]'' on 28 February 2018 on the island of [[Bali]] at the request of the U.S. Department of Justice, as part of a corruption investigation linked to the 1MDB scandal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2018/02/28/indonesia-seizes-luxury-yacht-linked-to-1mdb-investigation/|title=Indonesia seizes luxury yacht linked to 1MDB investigation – ASEAN|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=10 August 2018|archive-date=10 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810072624/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2018/02/28/indonesia-seizes-luxury-yacht-linked-to-1mdb-investigation/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Indonesian government returned the yacht to Malaysia in August 2018, following the activation of the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties between Indonesia, the United States and Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://time.com/5359472/malaysia-indonesia-1mdb-yacht/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807090223/http://time.com/5359472/malaysia-indonesia-1mdb-yacht/|archive-date=7 August 2018|title=Indonesia Returns Yacht in Malaysia's 1MDB Corruption Probe|magazine=Time|language=en|access-date=10 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/08/07/equanimity-was-properly-seized-under-the-laws-of-malaysia/|title=Equanimity was properly seized under the laws of Malaysia, says AG|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=10 August 2018|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808123943/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/08/07/equanimity-was-properly-seized-under-the-laws-of-malaysia/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Kuwait === In 2023, Jho Low was sentenced in absentia to 10 years in jail in Kuwait.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-30 |title=Kuwait court sentences Jho Low to 10 years in jail |url=https://www.malaysianow.com/news/2023/03/30/kuwait-court-sentences-jho-low-to-10-years-in-jail |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=MalaysiaNow |language=en |archive-date=24 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224133819/https://www.malaysianow.com/news/2023/03/30/kuwait-court-sentences-jho-low-to-10-years-in-jail |url-status=live }}</ref> === Luxembourg === State prosecutors in Luxembourg have also started money laundering investigations concerning 1MDB as it involved transfers of several hundred million dollars to an offshore company involving a bank account from Luxembourg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-03-31/luxembourg-probes-embezzlement-claims-linked-to-malaysia-s-1mdb|title=Luxembourg Prosecutors Look for Embezzlement at Malaysia's 1MDB|date=31 March 2016|website=www.bloomberg.com|access-date=4 March 2017|archive-date=4 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504023703/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-03-31/luxembourg-probes-embezzlement-claims-linked-to-malaysia-s-1mdb|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/336063|title=Luxembourg launches money-laundering probe into 1MDB|date=31 March 2016|access-date=31 March 2016|archive-date=3 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403081905/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/336063|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/luxembourg-launches-money/2653352.html |title=Luxembourg launches money laundering inquiry into Malaysian state fund |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |date=31 March 2016 |access-date=31 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413082823/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/luxembourg-launches-money/2653352.html |archive-date=13 April 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/malaysia-scandal-singapore/update-2-singapore-seizes-assets-to-take-action-against-major-banks-in-1mdb-probe-idUKL4N1A71RL|title=UPDATE 2-Singapore seizes assets, to take action against major banks in 1MDB probe|work=reuters|date=21 July 2016|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101011810/https://uk.reuters.com/article/malaysia-scandal-singapore/update-2-singapore-seizes-assets-to-take-action-against-major-banks-in-1mdb-probe-idUKL4N1A71RL|url-status=dead}}</ref> The bank in question is a private bank of the [[Edmond de Rothschild Group]] that manages money on behalf of wealthy clients.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/edmond-de-rothschild-bank-cooperating-with-luxembourg-1mdb-probe-1459513530|title=Edmond de Rothschild Bank Cooperating With Luxembourg 1MDB Probe|first=Simon|last=Clark|date=1 April 2016|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|access-date=4 March 2017|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306053009/https://www.wsj.com/articles/edmond-de-rothschild-bank-cooperating-with-luxembourg-1mdb-probe-1459513530|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/336268|title=Donation or 1MDB funds? Luxembourg probe may uncover missing link|date=2 April 2016|access-date=3 April 2016|archive-date=25 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125081758/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/336268|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/report-foreign-authorities-investigating-1mdbs-2012-bond-issue|title=Report: Foreign authorities investigating 1MDB's 2012 bond issue|date=2 April 2016|access-date=3 April 2016|archive-date=26 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926045230/http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/report-foreign-authorities-investigating-1mdbs-2012-bond-issue|url-status=live}}</ref> === Saudi Arabia === On August 3, 2015, the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) declared that the RM 2.6 billion deposited into Prime Minister Najib Razak's personal account originated from donors, not 1MDB.<ref name=":10" /> Attorney-General Mohamad Apandi Ali attributed the funds to Prince Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud.<ref name="vecono" /> Prince Turki was one of the 11 princes detained in November 2017.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 November 2017 |title=The Saudi Purge: The Real Reason Behind Mohammed Bin Salman's Unprecedented Crackdown |url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/1.821313 |access-date=14 March 2020 |work=[[Haaretz]] |archive-date=11 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111090003/https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/1.821313 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was reported in August 2023 that after a trial he was sentenced to 17 years in prison. === Seychelles === In 2016, the [[Seychelles]]'s Financial Intelligence Unit announced that it is helping an international investigation into the troubled state fund 1MDB, by providing detailed information relating to offshore entities registered in Seychelles that are related to the international investigation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-scandal-seychelles-exclusive-idUSKCN0XL06J|title=Exclusive: Seychelles says helping worldwide probe into Malaysia's 1MDB fund|date=24 April 2016|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=30 June 2017|archive-date=17 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217054100/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-scandal-seychelles-exclusive-idUSKCN0XL06J|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsunited.com/seychelles-says-helping-worldwide-news/29235499/|title=Seychelles says helping worldwide probe into 1MDB fund news|website=Newsunited.com|access-date=26 August 2017|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162156/https://www.newsunited.com/seychelles-says-helping-worldwide-news/29235499/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/339008|title=Seychelles assisting in 1MDB probe|date=24 April 2016|access-date=24 April 2016|archive-date=3 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403073654/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/339008|url-status=live}}</ref> 1MDB has not contested, and appears unlikely to contest, any lawsuit which has arisen from the investigations of foreign investigating authorities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/03/20/arul-kanda-1mdb/|title=Arul: More important for 1MDB to settle debts than take legal action|work=The Star Malaysia|date=20 March 2018|access-date=24 March 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141842/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/03/20/arul-kanda-1mdb/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Singapore === In Singapore, the [[Monetary Authority of Singapore]] (MAS) and the [[Commercial Affairs Department]] have seized a number of bank accounts in Singapore for possible money-laundering offences related to investigations into alleged financial mismanagement at 1MDB.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/329004|title=Singapore seizes bank accounts in 1MDB probe|work=Malaysiakini|date=February 2016|access-date=1 March 2016|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411031440/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/329004|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/02/01/spore-cracks-down-on-money-laundering/|title=S'pore cracks down on money laundering|work=Free Malaysia Today|date=February 2016 |access-date=1 March 2016|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411032938/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/02/01/spore-cracks-down-on-money-laundering/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-02-01/singapore-seizes-large-number-of-bank-accounts-amid-1mdb-probe|title=Singapore Seizes 'Large Number' of Bank Accounts Amid 1MDB Probe|author=Jasmine Ng|date=1 February 2016|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|access-date=1 March 2016|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411032641/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-02-01/singapore-seizes-large-number-of-bank-accounts-amid-1mdb-probe|url-status=live}}</ref> One of the bank accounts frozen belonged to Yak Yew Chee, who was the relationship manager for 1MDB Global Investments Ltd, Aabar Investment PJS Limited and SRC International and [[Jho Low|Low Taek Jho]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/bankers-accounts-said-to-be-frozen-amid-singapores-1mdb-probe|title=Banker's accounts frozen in Singapore's 1MDB probe|access-date=1 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306191533/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/bankers-accounts-said-to-be-frozen-amid-singapores-1mdb-probe|archive-date=6 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/private-banker-is-first-name-to-emerge-from-singapore-probe-into-1mdb|title=Businessman Jho Low's private banker is first name to emerge from Singapore probe into 1MDB|author=YASMINE YAHYA|work=The Straits Times|date=2 February 2016|access-date=1 March 2016|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411031433/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/private-banker-is-first-name-to-emerge-from-singapore-probe-into-1mdb|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-court-to-hear/2481326.html|title=Singapore court to hear first case related to Government's 1MDB probe|publisher=Channel NewsAsia|access-date=1 March 2016|archive-date=24 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124221443/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-court-to-hear/2481326.html}}</ref> Singaporean Yeo Jiawei, an ex-BSI banker, has been charged with money laundering and cheating offences as part of the Singapore probe into 1MDB, and Yeo's dealings with firms linked to 1MDB, Brazen Sky Ltd. and Bridge Partners Investment Management.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/ex-bsi-singapore-banker/2779172.html|title=Ex-BSI Singapore banker involved in 1MDB probe faces new charge|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-date=24 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124093200/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/ex-bsi-singapore-banker/2779172.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-12/singapore-brings-7th-charge-against-ex-bsi-banker-in-1mdb-probe|title=Singapore Brings 7th Charge Against Ex-BSI Banker in 1MDB Probe|website=[[Bloomberg News]]|date=12 May 2016|access-date=4 March 2017|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411032933/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-12/singapore-brings-7th-charge-against-ex-bsi-banker-in-1mdb-probe|url-status=live}}</ref> A second individual, Kelvin Ang Wee Keng, was charged with corruption in connection with the Singaporean investigation into 1MDB.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/singaporean-kelvin-ang-charged-in-1mdb-probe-out-on-bail|title=Singaporean Kelvin Ang, charged in 1MDB probe, out on bail|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=9 May 2016|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411031445/https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/singaporean-kelvin-ang-charged-in-1mdb-probe-out-on-bail|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/sg/article/second-1mdb-probe-linked-accused-kelvin-ang-offered-bail-100000|title=Second 1MDB probe-linked accused Kelvin Ang offered bail at $100,000|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-date=10 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610235136/http://www.theedgemarkets.com/sg/article/second-1mdb-probe-linked-accused-kelvin-ang-offered-bail-100000|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to a joint statement from the Attorney General's Chambers and the Monetary Authority of Singapore, assets totalling S$240&nbsp;million have been seized during their investigations into 1MDB.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/singapore-finds-lapses-at-banks-related-to-1mdb-funds-1469085609|title=Singapore Finds Lapses Related to 1MDB Funds at Banks|first1=Jake Maxwell|last1=Watts|first2=P. R.|last2=Venkat|date=21 July 2016|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|access-date=4 March 2017|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411031436/https://www.wsj.com/articles/singapore-finds-lapses-at-banks-related-to-1mdb-funds-1469085609|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/assets-worth-s-240m/2974676.html|title=Assets worth S$240m seized as part of Singapore's 1MDB probe|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-date=25 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125043412/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/assets-worth-s-240m/2974676.html}}</ref> Of the bank accounts and properties seized were S$120&nbsp;million belonging to Jho Low and his family.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lai |first=Adrian |url=http://www.nst.com.my/news/2016/07/159726/singapore-authorities-seize-s240-million-assets-linked-1mdb-probe |title=Singapore authorities seize S$240 million in assets linked to 1MDB probe |publisher=Nst.com.my |date=21 July 2016 |access-date=25 September 2017 |archive-date=26 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926144134/https://www.nst.com.my/news/2016/07/159726/singapore-authorities-seize-s240-million-assets-linked-1mdb-probe |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2016/07/21/as-1mdb-scandal-unravels-singapore-seizes-177-million-in-assets/|title=As 1MDB Scandal Unravels, Singapore Seizes $177 Million in Assets|date=21 July 2016|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411031431/http://fortune.com/2016/07/21/as-1mdb-scandal-unravels-singapore-seizes-177-million-in-assets/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/1992738/singapore-financial-institutions-were-used-dubious-1mdb|title=Singapore financial institutions were used for dubious 1MDB deals, monetary authority says, citing 'serious lapses'|date=21 July 2016|website=South China Morning Post|access-date=28 July 2020|archive-date=21 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921074811/https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/1992738/singapore-financial-institutions-were-used-dubious-1mdb|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2017, MAS issued a 10-year prohibition order against former [[Goldman Sachs]] banker [[Tim Leissner]] for making false statements on behalf of his bank without its knowledge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/mas-bars-former-goldman-sachs-banker-from-trading-in-singapore-o-8764428|title=MAS bars former Goldman Sachs banker from trading in Singapore over 1MDB-related breaches|website=Channel NewsAsia|language=en|access-date=20 December 2018|archive-date=20 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220231110/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/mas-bars-former-goldman-sachs-banker-from-trading-in-singapore-o-8764428}}</ref> The prohibition order, which prevents him from performing any regulated activity under the Securities and Futures Act and from managing any capital market services firm in Singapore, was extended in December 2018 from 10 years to lifetime after he admitted to charges related to an investigation into the 1MDB scandal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/mas-bans-former-goldman-sachs-banker-tim-leissner-1mdb-11045784|title=Singapore central bank bans former Goldman Sachs director Tim Leissner for life|website=Channel NewsAsia|language=en|access-date=20 December 2018|archive-date=20 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220134713/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/mas-bans-former-goldman-sachs-banker-tim-leissner-1mdb-11045784}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/banking/mas-slaps-lifetime-ban-on-ex-goldman-banker-tim-leissner-in-1mdb-scandal|title=Ex-Goldman Sachs banker Tim Leissner banned for life by MAS over role in 1MDB scandal|date=19 December 2018|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=20 December 2018|archive-date=20 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220142518/https://www.straitstimes.com/business/banking/mas-slaps-lifetime-ban-on-ex-goldman-banker-tim-leissner-in-1mdb-scandal|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2018, the Singapore State Courts granted the return of 1MDB monies with a total value of S$15.3&nbsp;million to Malaysia while solicitors for the Malaysian government stated that efforts to recover other unlawfully misappropriated assets were ongoing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/09/10/guan-eng-rm46mil-1mdblinked-funds-from-singapore-is-just-tip-of-the-iceberg/|title=Guan Eng: RM46mil 1MDB-linked funds from Singapore is just 'tip of the iceberg'|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=11 September 2018|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910132401/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/09/10/guan-eng-rm46mil-1mdblinked-funds-from-singapore-is-just-tip-of-the-iceberg/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/09/11/spore-returns-1mdb-funds-s153mil-to-be-remitted-into-special-bank-account-in-kl/|title=S'pore returns 1MDB funds|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=11 September 2018|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911034546/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/09/11/spore-returns-1mdb-funds-s153mil-to-be-remitted-into-special-bank-account-in-kl/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Switzerland === Swiss authorities under the direction of the Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland began to freeze bank accounts amounting to several million US dollars linked to 1MDB.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/09/02/swiss-freeze-millions-amid-1mdb-fund-probe/|title=Swiss freeze millions amid 1MDB fund probe|work=Free Malaysia Today|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925143001/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/09/02/swiss-freeze-millions-amid-1mdb-fund-probe/|archive-date=25 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/swiss-authorities-freeze-tens-of-millions-of-dollars-linked-to-malaysian-fund-1441202360|title=Swiss Authorities Freeze Millions of Dollars Linked to Malaysian Fund 1MDB|author=John Revill|date=2 September 2015|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-date=12 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412083841/https://www.wsj.com/articles/swiss-authorities-freeze-tens-of-millions-of-dollars-linked-to-malaysian-fund-1441202360|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/malaysia-1mdb-swiss-idUSZ8N0YQ02D20150902|title=Swiss freeze millions amid Malaysian 1MDB fund probe|work=Reuters|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-date=30 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230181208/https://www.reuters.com/article/malaysia-1mdb-swiss-idUSZ8N0YQ02D20150902|url-status=live}}</ref> The Swiss attorney general's office said its investigation revealed indications that funds estimated to be US$4&nbsp;billion may have been misappropriated and said it was looking into four cases of potential criminal conduct.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/swiss-attorney-general-expresses-concern-over-halt-of-malaysian-1mdb-probe-1454083061|title=Swiss Prosecutors Investigating 1MDB Say Malaysia Funds Were Diverted|author=John Revill|date=30 January 2016|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=1 March 2016|archive-date=13 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913063103/https://www.wsj.com/articles/swiss-attorney-general-expresses-concern-over-halt-of-malaysian-1mdb-probe-1454083061|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/27bbaa06-c6e6-11e5-b3b1-7b2481276e45.html|title=1MDB: Swiss probe finds 'indications' of $4bn being misappropriated|first=Jeevan|last=Vasagar|date=30 January 2016|newspaper=Financial Times|access-date=30 January 2016|archive-date=3 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303184842/https://www.ft.com/content/27bbaa06-c6e6-11e5-b3b1-7b2481276e45|url-status=live}}</ref> The Swiss prosecutor has said that money had been deposited into Swiss bank accounts of former Malaysian public officials and current and former officials of United Arab Emirates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/01/30/swiss-us4bn-believed-embezzled-from-1mdb/|title=Swiss: US$4bn believed embezzled from 1MDB|work=Free Malaysia Today|date=30 January 2016 |access-date=1 March 2016|archive-date=12 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412101819/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/01/30/swiss-us4bn-believed-embezzled-from-1mdb/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35447174|title=Malaysia 1MDB scandal: Investigators say about $4bn may be missing from fund|work=BBC News|date=30 January 2016|access-date=1 March 2016|archive-date=12 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412100630/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35447174|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasdaq.com/article/swiss-suspect-4-billion-misappropriated-in-malaysia-1mdb-case-20160129-00891|title=Swiss Suspect $4 Billion ''Misappropriated'' in Malaysia 1MDB Case|date=29 January 2016|publisher=NASDAQ.com|access-date=1 March 2016|archive-date=6 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306133425/http://www.nasdaq.com/article/swiss-suspect-4-billion-misappropriated-in-malaysia-1mdb-case-20160129-00891|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority]] (Finma) has begun investigations into several Swiss banks as part of the money laundering probe involving 1MDB.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/swiss-banks-at-risk-of-harboring-corruption-proceeds-says-regulator-1460021360|title=Swiss Banks at Risk of Harboring Corruption Proceeds, Says Regulator|first=John|last=Letzing|date=7 April 2016|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|access-date=4 March 2017|archive-date=12 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412083851/https://www.wsj.com/articles/swiss-banks-at-risk-of-harboring-corruption-proceeds-says-regulator-1460021360|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/336979|title=Swiss financial regulator calls 1MDB and Petrobras cases 'clear corruption'|date=7 April 2016|access-date=7 April 2016|archive-date=12 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412083844/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/336979|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-07/swiss-regulator-probing-1mdb-petrobras-on-multiple-fronts|title=Swiss Regulator Probes Panama Alongside 1MDB, Petrobras|first1=Jeffrey|last1=Voegeli|first2=Hugo|last2=Miller|website=[[Bloomberg News]]|date=7 April 2016|access-date=4 March 2017|archive-date=12 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412083842/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-07/swiss-regulator-probing-1mdb-petrobras-on-multiple-fronts|url-status=live}}</ref> On 15 March 2018, the [[Swiss parliament]] rejected a motion to return seized monies from their investigations into 1MDB to the Malaysian people, as had been lobbied for by Swiss politicians and non-governmental bodies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/swiss-parliament-rejects-call-to-return-1mdb-profits-to-malaysia/|title=Swiss parliament rejects call to return 1MDB profits to Malaysia|work=The Straits Times|location=Singapore|date=16 March 2018|access-date=16 March 2018|archive-date=12 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412083854/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/swiss-parliament-rejects-call-to-return-1mdb-profits-to-malaysia|url-status=live}}</ref> However, on 10 July 2018, Swiss Attorney General {{Ill|Michael Lauber|de}} indicated that Switzerland would not enrich itself by keeping illicit or stolen assets and be able to have the monies returned by legal obligations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/07/11/1mdblinked-funds-will-be-returned-switzerland-will-not-enrich-itself-by-keeping-illicit-or-stolen-as/|title=Swiss AG: '1MDB-linked funds will be returned' – Nation|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=11 July 2018|archive-date=11 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711151956/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/07/11/1mdblinked-funds-will-be-returned-switzerland-will-not-enrich-itself-by-keeping-illicit-or-stolen-as/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 25 April 2023, Swiss prosecutors indicted 2 managers of Saudi oil company Petrosaudi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-25 |title=Swiss indict 2 managers of Saudi oil company in 1MDB scandal |url=https://apnews.com/article/1mdb-scandal-malaysia-fund-petrosaudi-najib-bc352dbae28cbda44f6349b6705904d9 |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> They were put on trial in April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-02 |title=Trial over $1.8bn fraud at Malaysia's 1MDB opens in Switzerland |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240402-trial-over-1-8-bn-fraud-at-malaysia-s-1mdb-opens-in-switzerland |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=France 24 |language=en |archive-date=23 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723015948/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240402-trial-over-1-8-bn-fraud-at-malaysia-s-1mdb-opens-in-switzerland |url-status=live }}</ref> === United Arab Emirates === The United Arab Emirates imposed travel bans on, froze the bank accounts of, and subsequently arrested [[Khadem al-Qubaisi]], the former managing director of the Abu Dhabi sovereign-wealth fund International Petroleum Investment Company, and Mohammed Badawy al-Husseiny, his deputy and CEO of its subsidiary Aabar Investments.Both individuals had close ties to 1MDB and utilized the British Virgin Islands-based [[Aabar Investments PJS]] to channel money from 1MDB into various accounts and companies globally.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=UAE bans travel, freezes ex-IPIC execs' assets in 1MDB probe |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/336216 |access-date=3 April 2016 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162107/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/336216 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hope |first1=Bradley |last2=Clark |first2=Simon |last3=Ngui |first3=Yantoultra |date=1 April 2016 |title=Authorities Investigating Malaysia's 1MDB Fund Focusing on Bond Proceeds |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/authorities-investigating-malaysias-1mdb-fund-focusing-on-bond-proceeds-1459541896 |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |access-date=4 March 2017 |archive-date=19 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019074650/https://www.wsj.com/articles/authorities-investigating-malaysias-1mdb-fund-focusing-on-bond-proceeds-1459541896 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019, al-Qubaisi and al-Husseiny were sentenced in Abu Dhabi to 15 and 10 years in prison, respectively.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hope |first=Bradley |date=16 June 2019 |title=Alleged 1MDB Co-Conspirators Sentenced to Prison |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/alleged-1mdb-co-conspirators-sentenced-to-prison-11560677550 |url-status=live |access-date=16 July 2024 |archive-date=13 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113044720/https://www.wsj.com/articles/alleged-1mdb-co-conspirators-sentenced-to-prison-11560677550 }}</ref> === United Kingdom === In September 2020, the U.S. Department of Justice initiated civil forfeiture proceedings against funds held by law firm [[Clyde & Co]] in London, United Kingdom. The US$330 million were misappropriated 1MDB money, apparently intended for an oil project in Venezuela that later failed.<ref>{{cite news |last=Davies |first=Harry |date=18 September 2020 |title=US moves to seize $330m of alleged 1MDB assets held by UK law firm |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/18/us-moves-to-seize-330m-of-alleged-1mdb-assets-held-by-uk-law-firm |access-date=18 September 2020 |archive-date=23 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823191329/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/18/us-moves-to-seize-330m-of-alleged-1mdb-assets-held-by-uk-law-firm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-03 |title=$340m in London law firm's account suspected of 1MDB connection |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/03/340m-in-london-law-firms-account-suspected-of-1mdb-connection |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=23 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823191330/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/03/340m-in-london-law-firms-account-suspected-of-1mdb-connection |url-status=live }}</ref> === United States === [[File:Riza Aziz, Producer from Red Granite Pictures.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Riza Aziz]], co-founder of [[Red Granite Pictures]]]] ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' reported in 2015 that the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] had begun investigations into money laundering involving 1MDB.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/fbi-probes-malaysia-development-fund-1442694963|title=FBI Probes Malaysia Development Fund|first=Bradley|last=Hope|date=19 September 2015|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-date=4 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504022149/https://www.wsj.com/articles/fbi-probes-malaysia-development-fund-1442694963|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1557856|title=FBI investigates 1MDB|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143620/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1557856|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asiaone.com/malaysia/fbi-launches-investigation-malaysian-state-fund-1mdb-wsj|title=FBI launches investigation into Malaysian state fund 1MDB: WSJ|work=AsiaOne|date=20 September 2015|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-date=23 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023104608/http://www.asiaone.com/malaysia/fbi-launches-investigation-malaysian-state-fund-1mdb-wsj|url-status=live}}</ref> The international corruption unit of the US Department of Justice (DOJ) began a probe into property purchases in the United States involving Najib Razak's stepson [[Riza Aziz]] and the transfer of millions of dollars into Najib Razak's personal account.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/22/us-investigators-launch-probes-into-scandal-hit-malaysian-pm-najib-razak|title=US investigators launch probes into scandal-hit Malaysian Najib Razak|first=Oliver|last=Holmes|work=The Guardian|date=22 September 2015|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-date=4 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504022149/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/22/us-investigators-launch-probes-into-scandal-hit-malaysian-pm-najib-razak|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/malaysia-leader-najib-razaks-assets-probed-by-us-1442844760?tesla=y|title=Malaysia Leader Najib Razak's Assets Probed by U.S.|first1=Christopher|last1=Matthews|first2=Bradley|last2=Hope|date=22 September 2015|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306051358/https://www.wsj.com/articles/malaysia-leader-najib-razaks-assets-probed-by-us-1442844760?tesla=y|url-status=live}}</ref> The probe was looking at properties purchased by shell companies belonging to Riza Aziz and close family friend Jho Low.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysian-pm-najib-faces-us-corruption-inquiry|title=Malaysian PM Najib faces US corruption inquiry|work=The Straits Times|date=22 September 2015|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-date=4 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504022157/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysian-pm-najib-faces-us-corruption-inquiry|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/09/22/najib-razak-faces-us-doj-corruption-probe-on-times-warner-centre.html|title=Malaysia's Najib faces US property probe|first=Louise|last=Story|website=[[CNBC]]|date=22 September 2015|access-date=8 September 2017|archive-date=4 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504022148/https://www.cnbc.com/2015/09/22/najib-razak-faces-us-doj-corruption-probe-on-times-warner-centre.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Investment banks such as [[JPMorgan Chase]] & Co., [[Deutsche Bank]] AG and [[Wells Fargo]] were asked by the DOJ to retain and turn over records that might be related to improper transfers from 1MDB.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/04/01/1mdb-us-asks-deutsche-jpmorgan-to-give-details-on-dealings/|title=1MDB: US asks Deutsche, JPMorgan to give details on dealings|date=1 April 2016|access-date=1 April 2016|archive-date=4 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504023657/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/04/01/1mdb-us-asks-deutsche-jpmorgan-to-give-details-on-dealings/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-01/jpmorgan-wells-fargo-asked-by-u-s-to-save-records-tied-to-1mdb|title=U.S. Asks JPMorgan, Wells Fargo to Save Records Tied to 1MDB|first=Keri Geiger GeigerWire Elffie|last=Chew|website=[[Bloomberg News]]|date=April 2016|access-date=4 March 2017|archive-date=4 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504022148/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-01/jpmorgan-wells-fargo-asked-by-u-s-to-save-records-tied-to-1mdb|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/latest-news/us-asks-for-details-on-1mdb-dealings/news-story/a7379d845206fba743a89ffdfc37abf8|title=Banks in firing line over Malaysia fund|date=1 April 2016|work=The Australian}}</ref> The FBI issued subpoenas to several past and present employees of film production company [[Red Granite Pictures]], co-founded by Riza Aziz, also its chairman, in regards to allegations that US$155&nbsp;million was diverted from 1MDB to help finance the 2013 film [[The Wolf of Wall Street (2013 film)|''The Wolf of Wall Street'']].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/malaysias-1mdb-the-secret-money-behind-the-wolf-of-wall-street-1459531987|title=The Secret Money Behind 'The Wolf of Wall Street'|first1=Bradley|last1=Hope|first2=John R.|last2=Emshwiller|first3=Ben|last3=Fritz|date=1 April 2016|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|access-date=4 March 2017|archive-date=26 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626052233/https://www.wsj.com/articles/malaysias-1mdb-the-secret-money-behind-the-wolf-of-wall-street-1459531987|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/malaysia-s-1mdb-financed/2659892.html|title=Malaysia's 1MDB refutes report that it financed 'Wolf of Wall Street': Statement|access-date=3 April 2016|archive-date=25 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125033713/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/malaysia-s-1mdb-financed/2659892.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/fbi-probes-1mdb-red-granite-us155m-financing-claim-wsj|title=FBI probes 1MDB-Red Granite US$155m financing claim – WSJ|date=2 April 2016|website=The Edge Markets|access-date=28 July 2020|archive-date=26 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926220106/https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/fbi-probes-1mdb-red-granite-us155m-financing-claim-wsj|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inquisitr.com/2954717/the-wolf-of-wall-street-financial-scandal-in-malaysia/|title='The Wolf Of Wall Street' Financed By Wolf Of Malaysia?|website=www.inquisitr.com|date=2 April 2016|access-date=28 July 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001053304/https://www.inquisitr.com/2954717/the-wolf-of-wall-street-financial-scandal-in-malaysia/|url-status=live}}</ref> Also under scrutiny by the FBI and DOJ was the role of global investment bank Goldman Sachs in alleged money laundering and corruption.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/goldman-entangled-in-malaysia-fund-scandal-1444795262 |title=U.S. Examines Goldman Sachs Role in 1MDB Transactions |first1=Mia |last1=Lamar |first2=Bradley |last2=Hope |first3=Justin |last3=Baer |date=14 October 2015 |work=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=1 March 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223202718/https://www.wsj.com/articles/goldman-entangled-in-malaysia-fund-scandal-1444795262 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-1mdb-goldman-sachs-idUSKCN0S80HL20151014|title=Goldman Sachs under FBI, DOJ scrutiny over 1MDB probe: WSJ|series=Reuters Editorial|date=14 October 2015|work=Reuters|access-date=1 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/business/goldman-sachs-under-fbi-us-department-of-justice-scrutiny-over-1mdb-probe-wall-street-journal/articleshow/49347758.cms|title=Goldman Sachs under FBI, US Department of Justice scrutiny over 1MDB probe: Wall Street Journal|work=The Economic Times|access-date=1 March 2016|archive-date=3 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103120818/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/business/goldman-sachs-under-fbi-us-department-of-justice-scrutiny-over-1mdb-probe-wall-street-journal/articleshow/49347758.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The FBI probed the connection between Najib and a regional top executive of Goldman Sachs, and the nature of the latter's involvement in multibillion-dollar deals with 1MDB.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://investvine.com/1mdb-scandal-next-suspect-goldman-sachs-banker/| title = 1MDB scandal: Next suspect Goldman Sachs banker| last = Maierbrugger| first = Arno| website = Investvine| date = 15 February 2016| language = en-US| access-date = 28 February 2016| archive-date = 3 March 2016| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303110406/http://investvine.com/1mdb-scandal-next-suspect-goldman-sachs-banker/| url-status = dead}}</ref> Tim Leissner, the former chairman of Goldman Sachs' Southeast Asia branch and husband of [[Kimora Lee Simmons|Kimora Lee Leissner]], was issued a subpoena by the DOJ as part of their investigations.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/ex-goldman-sachs-banker-tim-leissner-issued-subpoena-amid-us-probe-into-malaysias-1mdb|title=Ex-Goldman Sachs banker Tim Leissner issued subpoena amid US probe into Malaysia's 1MDB|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=8 March 2016|access-date=1 April 2016|archive-date=23 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223115643/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/ex-goldman-sachs-banker-tim-leissner-issued-subpoena-amid-us-probe-into-malaysias-1mdb|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/r-us-subpoenas-ex-goldman-banker-in-1mdb-probe-bloomberg-2016-3|title=U.S. subpoenas ex-Goldman banker in 1MDB probe: Bloomberg|website=Business Insider|access-date=28 July 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430004700/https://www.businessinsider.com/r-us-subpoenas-ex-goldman-banker-in-1mdb-probe-bloomberg-2016-3|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/03/08/us-investigators-subpoena-ex-goldman-banker-leissner-in-malaysia-1mdb-probe-wsj.html|title=Ex-Goldman banker subpoenaed in Malaysia 1MDB probe: WSJ|website=[[CNBC]]|date=8 March 2016|access-date=8 September 2017|archive-date=23 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223115641/https://www.cnbc.com/2016/03/08/us-investigators-subpoena-ex-goldman-banker-leissner-in-malaysia-1mdb-probe-wsj.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the July 2016 DOJ civil lawsuit,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-scandal-usa/u-s-lawsuits-link-malaysian-leader-to-stolen-money-from-1mdb-fund-idUSKCN10009X|date=20 July 2016|title=U.S. lawsuits link Malaysian leader to stolen money from 1MDB fund|work=Reuters|access-date=20 March 2018|archive-date=20 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320170413/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-scandal-usa/u-s-lawsuits-link-malaysian-leader-to-stolen-money-from-1mdb-fund-idUSKCN10009X|url-status=live}}</ref> a high-ranking government official having control over 1MDB, who was referred to more than 30 times as "Malaysian Official 1" ("MO1"), was alleged to have received around US$681&nbsp;million (RM 2.8&nbsp;billion) of stolen 1MDB money via Falcon Bank in Singapore on 21 and 25 March 2013, of which US$650&nbsp;million (RM 2.0&nbsp;billion) was sent back to Falcon Bank on 30 August 2013.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 August 2015 |title=Malaysian Prime Minister transferred US$650 million back to Singapore Bank |url=http://statestimesreview.com/2015/08/15/malaysian-prime-minister-transferred-us650-million-back-to-singapore-bank/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317232021/http://statestimesreview.com/2015/08/15/malaysian-prime-minister-transferred-us650-million-back-to-singapore-bank/ |archive-date=17 March 2018 |access-date=17 March 2018 |work=StatesTimesReview, Singapore}}</ref> In September 2016, Najib Razak was identified as "MO1" by Datuk [[Abdul Rahman Dahlan]], then Minister in the [[Prime Minister's Department]].<ref>{{cite web|title=PM Najib is 'Malaysian Official 1' but not involved in 1MDB probe: Minister|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/pm-najib-is-malaysian-official-1-but-not-involved-in-1mdb-probe-minister|work=[[The Straits Times]]|date=September 2016|access-date=13 September 2016|archive-date=4 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904214046/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/pm-najib-is-malaysian-official-1-but-not-involved-in-1mdb-probe-minister|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Vaswani|first1=Karishma|title=Who is 'Malaysian Official 1'? Case closed|work=BBC News|date=September 2016|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-37234717|access-date=13 September 2016|archive-date=4 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904151950/http://www.bbc.com/news/business-37234717|url-status=live}}</ref> The wife of "MO1", [[Rosmah Mansor]], was also alleged to have received US$30&nbsp;million worth of jewels financed from pilfered 1MDB funds.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-scandal-rosmah/malaysias-first-lady-linked-to-30-mln-worth-of-jewelry-bought-with-1mdb-funds-idUSKBN1970YK|title=Malaysia's first lady linked to $30 mln worth of jewelry bought with 1MDB funds|date=16 June 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=16 March 2018|last1=Ananthalakshmi|first1=A.}}</ref> In June 2017, the DOJ began actions to recover more than US$1&nbsp;billion from people close to Najib and 1MDB,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/973671/download|title=Civil action in rem to forfeit assets involved in and traceable to an international conspiracy to launder money misappropriated from 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB)|work=United States Department of Justice|access-date=17 March 2018|archive-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630075526/https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/973671/download|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/americas/82358835/us-goes-after-14-billion-in-assets-linked-to-malaysian-fund-1mdb|title=US goes after $1.4 billion in assets linked to Malaysian fund 1MDB|date=21 July 2016|website=Stuff|access-date=28 July 2020|archive-date=24 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424020543/https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/americas/82358835/us-goes-after-14-billion-in-assets-linked-to-malaysian-fund-1mdb|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/business/2016/07/21/us-moves-to-seize-usd1b-in-assets-of-msian-1mdb-fund/|title=US moves to seize USD1b in assets of M'sian 1MDB fund|date=21 July 2016|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-date=26 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926043051/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/business/2016/07/21/us-moves-to-seize-usd1b-in-assets-of-msian-1mdb-fund/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://time.com/4416426/malaysia-1mdb-us-assets-seized/|title=U.S. to Seize $1 Billion in Assets in Malaysia's 1MDB Case|first=Nash|last=Jenkins|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-date=28 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328153938/https://time.com/4416426/malaysia-1mdb-us-assets-seized/|url-status=live}}</ref> seizing assets including high-end properties in [[Beverly Hills]], Los Angeles, Manhattan, New York City and London,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/malaysia-1mdb-scandal-luxury-properties-us-linked-najib-razaks-stepson-riza-aziz-2393461|title=Malaysia 1MDB Scandal: Luxury Properties in US Linked To Najib Razak's Stepson Riza Aziz, Close Associate Jho Low Likely To Be Seized|website=[[International Business Times]]|date=21 July 2016|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-date=5 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605012516/https://www.ibtimes.com/malaysia-1mdb-scandal-luxury-properties-us-linked-najib-razaks-stepson-riza-aziz-2393461|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-20/u-s-maps-1mdb-fraud-trail-from-kuala-lumpur-to-hollywood|title=U.S. Maps 1MDB Fraud Trail From Kuala Lumpur to Hollywood|first1=Greg|last1=Farrell|first2=Andrew M.|last2=Harris|first3=Keri Geiger GeigerWire David McLaughlin|last3=damclaugh|website=[[Bloomberg News]]|date=20 July 2016|access-date=4 March 2017|archive-date=22 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422003911/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-20/u-s-maps-1mdb-fraud-trail-from-kuala-lumpur-to-hollywood|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as fine artwork, a private jet, a luxury yacht and royalties from the film ''The Wolf of Wall Street'' and its production company Red Granite Pictures.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-seeks-1-billion-in-asset-seizures-tied-to-malaysian-fund-1mdb-1469019540|title=U.S. Links Malaysian Prime Minister to Millions Stolen From Development Fund|first1=Bradley|last1=Hope|first2=Tom|last2=Wright|date=21 July 2016|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|access-date=4 March 2017|archive-date=23 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223202719/https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-seeks-1-billion-in-asset-seizures-tied-to-malaysian-fund-1mdb-1469019540|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36848149|title=US seeks to seize $1bn in Malaysia probe|work=BBC News|date=21 July 2016|access-date=22 June 2018|archive-date=13 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613011739/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36848149|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/business/economy/2016/07/21/US-seeks-1bln-in-1MDB-tied-Assets-Wolf-of-Wall-Street-royalties.html |title=US seeks $1bln in 1MDB-tied Assets, 'Wolf of Wall Street' royalties |date=21 July 2016 |publisher=Al Arabiya English |access-date=25 September 2017 |archive-date=23 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923172620/https://english.alarabiya.net/en/business/economy/2016/07/21/US-seeks-1bln-in-1MDB-tied-Assets-Wolf-of-Wall-Street-royalties.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 7 March 2018, in California courts, the producers of the film agreed to pay US$60&nbsp;million to settle DOJ's claims that they financed the movie with money siphoned from 1MDB.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/07/wolf-of-wall-street-producers-to-pay-60m-to-us-government|title=Wolf of Wall Street producers to pay $60m to US government|date=7 March 2018|work=The Guardian UK|access-date=16 March 2018|archive-date=20 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320005132/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/07/wolf-of-wall-street-producers-to-pay-60m-to-us-government|url-status=live}}</ref> The claims were settled in August 2018, with the settlement stipulating that the payment should not be construed as "an admission of wrongdoing or liability on the part of Red Granite".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-scandal-redgranite-idUSKCN1GJ0FH|title='The Wolf of Wall Street' producers to pay $60 million to U.S. in...|date=7 March 2018|work=Reuters|access-date=6 June 2019|language=en|archive-date=6 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606081404/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-scandal-redgranite-idUSKCN1GJ0FH|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 November 2018, the DOJ announced that two former Goldman Sachs bankers, Tim Leissner and Roger Ng, as well as Malaysian fugitive financier Jho Low, were charged over funds misappropriated from 1MDB and paying bribes to various Malaysian and Abu Dhabi officials. Tim Leissner admitted in a plea that more than US$200&nbsp;million in proceeds from 1MDB bonds flowed into accounts controlled by him and a relative.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/1mdb-deals-continue-haunt-goldman-sachs-quicktake|title=The 1MDB deals that continue to haunt Goldman Sachs: QuickTake|date=5 November 2018|work=The Edge Markets|access-date=14 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114142042/http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/1mdb-deals-continue-haunt-goldman-sachs-quicktake|archive-date=14 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-12/goldman-shares-tumble-to-2016-levels-as-1mdb-pressure-mounts|title=Goldman Sachs Tumbles on 1MDB Scandal and 'Fear of the Unknown'|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=12 November 2018|access-date=14 November 2018|archive-date=14 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114141736/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-12/goldman-shares-tumble-to-2016-levels-as-1mdb-pressure-mounts|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/02/1mdb-how-did-leissner-and-other-execs-bypass-goldmans-compliance-rules/|title=1MDB: How did Leissner and other execs bypass Goldman's compliance rules?|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=14 November 2018|archive-date=14 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114224032/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/02/1mdb-how-did-leissner-and-other-execs-bypass-goldmans-compliance-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> He agreed to forfeit US$43.7&nbsp;million (RM 185&nbsp;million) and pleaded guilty to conspiring to launder money and violate the [[Foreign Corrupt Practices Act]], while Roger Ng was arrested in Malaysia at the request of DOJ and extradited to the US for prosecution before returning and facing charges in Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-46062576|title=Ex-Goldman bankers face 1MDB charges|date=1 November 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=2 November 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=18 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518034911/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-46062576|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2018/11/02/goldman-sachs-and-1mdb-what-we-learned-from-us-charges/|title=Goldman Sachs and 1MDB: what we learned from US charges|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=2 November 2018|archive-date=2 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102050516/https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2018/11/02/goldman-sachs-and-1mdb-what-we-learned-from-us-charges/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2018/11/02/us-prosecutors-file-charges-against-two-goldman-sachs-bankers-jho-low|title=US prosecutors file charges against two Goldman Sachs bankers, Jho Low|website=www.thesundaily.my|language=en|access-date=2 November 2018|archive-date=23 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823191847/https://thesun.my/archive/us-prosecutors-file-charges-against-two-goldman-sachs-bankers-jho-low-CUARCH587931|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/15/doj-has-until-dec-to-extradite-ng-says-amar-singh/|title=DoJ has until Dec to extradite Ng, says Amar Singh|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=22 November 2018|archive-date=22 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122215542/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/15/doj-has-until-dec-to-extradite-ng-says-amar-singh/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/05/06/ag-roger-ng-extradited-to-us-for-10-months-over-1mdb-criminal-charges/1750268|title=AG: Roger Ng extradited to US for 10 months over 1MDB criminal charges|last=Loheswar|first=R.|website=www.malaymail.com|date=6 May 2019|language=en|access-date=16 May 2019|archive-date=23 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823191848/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/05/06/ag-roger-ng-extradited-to-us-for-10-months-over-1mdb-criminal-charges/1750268|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Roger Ng's lawyers, he was infected with Dengue fever and leptospirosis while in Malaysian jail and lost a significant amount of weight.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-06|title=Ex-Goldman Banker in Plea Talks Ahead of 1MDB Trial in New York|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-06/ex-goldman-banker-extradited-to-u-s-for-1mdb-charges-edge-says|access-date=12 May 2019|website=Bloomberg.com|archive-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508143427/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-06/ex-goldman-banker-extradited-to-u-s-for-1mdb-charges-edge-says|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/01/05/lawyer-claims-ng-down-with-leptospirosis-and-dengue/|title=Lawyer claims Ng down with leptospirosis and dengue|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=12 May 2019|archive-date=12 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512132927/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/01/05/lawyer-claims-ng-down-with-leptospirosis-and-dengue/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 30 November 2018, the DOJ announced that George Higginbotham, a former DOJ employee, pleaded guilty to conspiracy to deceive US banks about the source and purpose of foreign funds for a lobbying campaign against the US investigations into the 1MDB scandal. The DOJ filed a lawsuit to recover more than US$73&nbsp;million (RM 305&nbsp;million) in American bank accounts that Higginbotham helped open on behalf of Jho Low to finance the lobbying campaign.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-30/1mdb-s-jho-low-allegedly-funneled-money-to-influence-doj-probe|title=Ex-Justice Official Helped 1MDB's Jho Low Funnel Dirty Money|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=30 November 2018|access-date=2 December 2018|archive-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201184327/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-30/1mdb-s-jho-low-allegedly-funneled-money-to-influence-doj-probe|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/01/ex-us-justice-dept-employee-pleads-guilty-to-1mdb-fraud/|title=Ex-US Justice Dept employee pleads guilty to 1MDB fraud|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=2 December 2018|archive-date=6 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206101051/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/01/ex-us-justice-dept-employee-pleads-guilty-to-1mdb-fraud/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nst.com.my/world/2018/12/436259/us-justice-official-pleads-guilty-1mdb-lobbying-case|title=US Justice official pleads guilty in 1MDB lobbying case|date=1 December 2018|website=NST Online|access-date=2 December 2018|archive-date=2 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202155323/https://www.nst.com.my/world/2018/12/436259/us-justice-official-pleads-guilty-1mdb-lobbying-case|url-status=live}}</ref> Further in May 2019, the DOJ announced that it had charged Jho Low and former [[Fugees]] rapper [[Pras]] for conspiring to funnel US$21.6&nbsp;million from overseas accounts into the [[2012 United States presidential election|2012 presidential election]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2019/05/11/us-charges-malaysian-businessman-low-ex-fugees-rapper-over-funding-in-2012-election/|title=US charges Jho Low, ex-Fugees rapper, over funding in 2012 election|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=18 May 2019|archive-date=18 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518035100/https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2019/05/11/us-charges-malaysian-businessman-low-ex-fugees-rapper-over-funding-in-2012-election/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 November 2019, ''Barron's'' reported that Jho Low had forfeited over $100&nbsp;million in luxury homes as part of a settlement with prosecutors in the United States. Overall, he agreed to give up some $700&nbsp;million in assets to the U.S. Department of Justice to have charges dropped, without admitting guilt.<ref name="threehundredsixteen">{{cite news|url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/fugitive-businessman-jho-low-to-forfeit-over-100-million-in-luxury-homes-01572619795|work=Barron's|access-date=13 November 2019|date=1 November 2019|title=Fugitive Businessman Jho Low to Forfeit Over $100 Million in Luxury Homes|archive-date=5 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105203640/https://www.barrons.com/articles/fugitive-businessman-jho-low-to-forfeit-over-100-million-in-luxury-homes-01572619795|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Elliott Broidy]] was charged by the Federal authorities in the violation of [[Foreign Agents Registration Act]] as per public court filing published on 8 October 2020. Broidy reportedly took $6 million from agents of [[Malaysia]] and [[China]] to lobby officials from the administration to end the investigation 1MDB scandal. Broidy was also charged for lobbying [[White House]] officials in alignment to [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]]'s interest.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/08/us/politics/elliott-broidy-trump-fundraiser.html|title=Elliott Broidy, a Top Trump Fund-Raiser, Charged in Foreign Influence Case|access-date=8 October 2020|website=The New York Times|date=8 October 2020|last1=Vogel|first1=Kenneth P.|archive-date=23 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823191849/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/08/us/politics/elliott-broidy-trump-fundraiser.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/b4946f7bf1fe4328b0c81506434aa082|title=Mueller probe witness secretly backed UAE agenda in Congress|access-date=26 March 2018|website=AP News|date=26 March 2018|archive-date=23 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023153543/https://apnews.com/article/b4946f7bf1fe4328b0c81506434aa082|url-status=live}}</ref> On 23 February 2022, the star witness in the bribery trial of former Goldman Sachs Group Inc banker Roger Ng being held in New York, testified that ex-Goldman chief [[Lloyd Blankfein]] met in 2009 with then Malaysian prime minister [[Najib Razak]] just ahead of big bond deals for the country's 1MDB fund — and that the meeting came with an agenda. In return for the lucrative business, Goldman was to get Najib's three children jobs at the bank.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meeting was to get Goldman jobs for Najib's children, star witness tells 1MDB jury in the US|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2022/02/23/meeting-was-to-get-goldman-jobs-for-najib039s-children-star-witness-tells-1mdb-jury-in-the-us|website=The Star|language=en|access-date=1 March 2022|archive-date=27 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227025542/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2022/02/23/meeting-was-to-get-goldman-jobs-for-najib039s-children-star-witness-tells-1mdb-jury-in-the-us|url-status=live}}</ref> On 24 February, Najib's daughter Nooryana Najwa Najib has confirmed that she did try to apply for a job at Goldman Sachs. She said she once met two former Goldman Sachs employees, Roger Ng and Tim Leissner as part of her networking efforts to land a "competitive job".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nooryana says Leissner helped her get intern job at London firm, but was only PowerPoint, coffee girl|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/02/24/nooryana-says-leissner-helped-her-get-intern-job-at-london-firm-but-was-powerpoint-girl-coffee-girl|access-date=2022-02-24|website=The Star|language=en|archive-date=2 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302062738/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/02/24/nooryana-says-leissner-helped-her-get-intern-job-at-london-firm-but-was-powerpoint-girl-coffee-girl|url-status=live}}</ref> Ultimately, an officer within Goldman rejected progressing with any job offer within the group.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Najib's Daughter Says She Got Ex-Goldman Banker's Help for a Job |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-24/najib-s-daughter-says-she-got-ex-goldman-banker-s-help-for-a-job |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=14 March 2022 |website=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] |language=en |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314091031/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-24/najib-s-daughter-says-she-got-ex-goldman-banker-s-help-for-a-job |url-status=live }}</ref> On 24 February 2022, it was announced that the trial of Roger Ng had been paused because the prosecutors did not share more than 15,000 documents with the defense lawyers representing Robert Ng.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-60502447|title=1MDB: Trial of ex-Goldman banker paused after documents blunder|date=24 February 2022|website=BBC News|access-date=24 February 2022|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224070746/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-60502447|url-status=live}}</ref> Ng was convicted of conspiring to launder money and bribe officials in Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates as well as violating the internal accounting controls of his employer under the [[Foreign Corrupt Practices Act]].<ref>James Fanelli. (9 April 2022). "Former Goldman Banker Convicted". ''The Wall Street Journal Weekend.'' A1.</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite news |last=Goldstein |first=Matthew |date=2022-04-08 |title=Ex-Goldman Banker Convicted in Case Over the Looting of Billions From a Malaysian Fund |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/08/business/1mdb-goldman-sachs-roger-ng.html |access-date=2022-04-08 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=8 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408163943/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/08/business/1mdb-goldman-sachs-roger-ng.html |url-status=live }}</ref> $4.5 billion of the stolen money was laundered through U.S. financial institutions.<ref>Hannah Beech and Austin Ramzy. (3 October 2018). "Wife of Malaysia's Ex-Prime Minister, Known for Moneyed Lifestyle, Is Arrested". [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/03/world/asia/najib-razak-malaysia-corruption-charges.html?searchResultPosition=1 NY Times website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410170818/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/03/world/asia/najib-razak-malaysia-corruption-charges.html?searchResultPosition=1 |date=10 April 2022 }} Retrieved 10 April 2022.</ref> == Recovery of 1MDB assets == As of May 2019, Malaysia had recovered US$322&nbsp;million (RM1.3&nbsp;billion) worth of 1MDB assets since its renewed investigations into the 1MDB scandal after the 14th General Election in May 2018.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/05/08/rm13bil-in-1mdb-assets-recouped/|title=RM1.3bil in 1MDB assets recouped|last=Bedi|first=Rashvinjeet S.|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508005548/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/05/08/rm13bil-in-1mdb-assets-recouped/|url-status=live}}</ref> Steps have been taken to preserve the value of the assets caught up in the case, including the sale of the [[Park Lane Hotel (Manhattan)|Park Lane Hotel]] in New York in November 2018, a step endorsed by the U.S. DOJ, in accordance with the rule of law and on the basis of no admission of wrongdoing or liability.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.finews.asia/finance/23965-jho-low-trustee-1mdb-asset-seizure-new-zealand|title=1MDB: Emboldened Trusts Wrangle Over Jho Low Assets|date=16 February 2017|website=finews.asia|language=en-gb|access-date=9 July 2019|archive-date=9 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709153200/https://www.finews.asia/finance/23965-jho-low-trustee-1mdb-asset-seizure-new-zealand|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2018, Malaysian authorities seized a yacht allegedly purchased by Low, selling it some eight months later to minimize the costs associated with maintaining it. A spokesperson for Low described the seizure as "illegal".<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Harris|first1=Elizabeth A.|last2=Stevenson|first2=Alexandra|date=9 December 2018|title=A Yacht, a Monet, a See-Through Piano: The U.S. Collects on a Fugitive's Shopping Spree|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/09/arts/jho-low-1mdb-assets-piano.html|url-status=live|access-date=9 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706072400/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/09/arts/jho-low-1mdb-assets-piano.html|archive-date=6 July 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Latiff|first=Rozanna|date=24 August 2018|title=Court gives Malaysia nod to sell superyacht seized in 1MDB probe|language=en|work=Reuters|editor-last=Cameron-Moore|editor-first=Simon|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-politics-equanimity-court-idUSKCN1L9117|url-status=live|access-date=9 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422230619/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-politics-equanimity-court-idUSKCN1L9117|archive-date=22 April 2020}}</ref> [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] returned gifts received from Low to US authorities in 2017, including an Oscar received by [[Marlon Brando]] and paintings by [[Pablo Picasso|Picasso]] and [[Jean-Michel Basquiat]].<ref name=":7" /> The recovered funds include the sum of US$126&nbsp;million from the ''Equanimity'' judicially sold to the [[Genting Group]], US$139&nbsp;million to be returned by the United States after sale of Jho Low's interest in [[Park Lane Hotel (Manhattan)|Park Lane Hotel]] in Manhattan, and US$57&nbsp;million from a forfeiture settlement of Red Granite Pictures, which has been repatriated to Malaysia after deducting the costs incurred for investigations, seizures and litigation.<ref name=":0" /> Apart from the above, another sum of S$50&nbsp;million (RM152&nbsp;million) related to 1MDB has been ordered by the Singapore Courts to be repatriated.<ref name=":0" /> Malaysia has been working with at least six countries to recover about US$4.5&nbsp;billion worth of assets allegedly stolen from 1MDB,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/us-begins-return-of-us-200-million-in-1mdb-funds-to-malaysia-11510450|title=US begins return of US$200 million in 1MDB funds to Malaysia|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508040549/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/us-begins-return-of-us-200-million-in-1mdb-funds-to-malaysia-11510450}}</ref> in which US$1.7&nbsp;billion (RM7&nbsp;billion) worth of assets have been sought by the DOJ to forfeit.<ref name=":0" /> On 15 April 2020, it was reported that the DOJ had returned US$300&nbsp;million in funds stolen during the 1MDB scandal to Malaysia.<ref name="The Sun 15 April 2020">{{cite news |title=US returns US$300m of 1MDB money to Malaysia |url=https://www.thesundaily.my/world/us-returns-us-300m-of-1mdb-money-to-malaysia-YM2259717#pk_campaign=MASwpn&pk_kwd=US+returns+US%24300m+of+1MDB+money+to+Malaysia |access-date=15 April 2020 |work=[[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun Daily]] |date=15 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415004739/https://www.thesundaily.my/world/us-returns-us-300m-of-1mdb-money-to-malaysia-YM2259717 |archive-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> On 24 July 2020, it was announced that the Malaysian government would receive US$2.5&nbsp;billion in cash from Goldman Sachs, and a guarantee from the bank they would also return US$1.4&nbsp;billion in assets linked to 1MDB bonds.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Goldman Sachs, Malaysia agree to US$3.9 billion settlement over 1MDB|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/goldman-sachs-malaysia-agree-1mdb-settlement-12961454|access-date=2020-07-28|website=CNA|language=en|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728025235/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/goldman-sachs-malaysia-agree-1mdb-settlement-12961454|url-status=dead}}</ref> Put together this was substantially less than the US$7.5&nbsp;billion that had been previously demanded by the Malaysian finance minister. At the same time, the Malaysian government agreed to drop all criminal charges against the bank and that it would cease legal proceedings against 17 current and former Goldman directors. Some commentators argued that Goldman had got away with a very good deal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Commentary: Goldman has done it again with its 1MDB Malaysia deal|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/najib-razak-goldman-sachs-1mdb-malaysia-deal-settlement-714526|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223222737/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/najib-razak-goldman-sachs-1mdb-malaysia-deal-settlement-714526|url-status=dead|archive-date=2023-02-23|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> In January 2022, the Malaysian government received RM 333 million ($111 million) as a fine from the local affiliate of KPMG in settlement of the lawsuit filed against it.<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 13, 2022|title=KPMG pays Malaysian government $111 million settlement over 1MDB audit scandal|work=ABC News Australia|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-13/malaysia-1mdb-kpmg-settlement/100755620|access-date=January 15, 2022}}</ref> Reports by Offshore Alert indicate that actions to recover further misappropriated assets are ongoing in various jurisdictions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.offshorealert.com/tag/1mdb-1malaysia-development-berhad/|title=1MDB - OffshoreAlert|website=www.offshorealert.com|access-date=20 November 2022}}</ref> == Media coverage == In January 2015, around 227,000 leaked documents related to the fraud were provided to investigative journalist [[Clare Rewcastle Brown]], who writes ''[[Sarawak Report]]''.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Ramesh |first=Randeep |date=2016-07-28 |title=1MDB: The inside story of the world's biggest financial scandal |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/28/1mdb-inside-story-worlds-biggest-financial-scandal-malaysia |access-date=2020-07-28 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The documents were leaked by Swiss national Xavier Justo, a former PetroSaudi International employee.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-18 |title=1MDB scandal's accidental whistle-blower: from banker to prisoner |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/long-reads/article/2186580/meet-1mdbs-accidental-whistle-blower-his-journey |access-date=2020-07-28 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> Xavier Justo was then targeted by a violent online smear campaign led by "Team Jorge," an Israeli disinformation company working for wealthy clients. In late 2020, a website and YouTube channel impersonating him portrayed him as a mercenary who acted solely to enrich himself and whose word is unreliable. This site and channel are widely circulated on social networks by fake accounts as part of a larger smear operation, calling him a thief, a drug addict, a blackmailer.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-15 |title=Billionaires, whistleblowers, criminals, political opponents: The targets of the disinformation factory |language=en |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/pixels/article/2023/02/15/billionaires-whistleblowers-criminals-political-opponents-the-targets-of-the-disinformation-factory_6015838_13.html }}</ref> In February 2015, ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' and [[The Edge (Malaysia)|''The Edge'']] newspapers and ''[[Sarawak Report]]'' blog'','' referencing the leaked email correspondences and documents obtained by Rewcastle Brown, reported that Penang-based Low Taek Jho, who has ties Najib Razak, siphoned out US$700 million from a joint venture deal between 1MDB and PetroSaudi International through an entity named Good Star Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heist of the Century – How Jho Low Used PetroSaudi As "A Front" To Siphon Billions Out Of 1MDB! |url=http://www.sarawakreport.org/2015/02/heist-of-the-century-how-jho-low-used-petrosaudi-as-a-front-to-siphon-billions-out-of-1mdb-world-exclusive/ |access-date=2020-07-29 |website=Sarawak Report}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Jon Ungoed-Thomas |author2=Clare Rewcastle |author3=Josh Boswell |title=Harrow playboy linked to troubled Malaysian fund |language=en |newspaper=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/harrow-playboy-linked-to-troubled-malaysian-fund-7fq32lf5vdr |url-access=subscription |access-date=2020-07-29 |issn=0140-0460}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jho Low allegedly siphoned off US$700&nbsp;million from 1MDB, says website |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/jho-low-allegedly-siphoned-off-us700-million-from-1mdb-says-website |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701104745/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/jho-low-allegedly-siphoned-off-us700-million-from-1mdb-says-website |archive-date=1 July 2015 |access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2015 |title=Jho Low accused of siphoning US$700m from 1MDB |url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/my/article/jho-low-accused-siphoning-us700m-1mdb |access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2018 |title='Stolen' 1MDB Funds: The DOJ lawsuit revisited |url=https://pages.malaysiakini.com/1mdb/en/ |website=Malaysiakini}}</ref> Although Low never received an official position in 1MDB, he is described as someone who was regularly consulted about 1MDB without having any decision-making authority.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2015 |title=Why are Najib, Jho Low giving similar answers on 1MDB, asks DAP |url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/why-are-najib-jho-low-giving-similar-answers-1mdb-asks-dap |access-date=26 May 2019 |website=The Edge Markets}}</ref> An email revealed that Low had the loan approval from Najib for $1&nbsp;billion without getting any approval from [[Bank Negara Malaysia|Bank Negara]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jho Low email said Najib approved US$1bn loan |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/03/08/jho-low-email-said-najib-approved-us1bn-loan/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720180152/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/03/08/jho-low-email-said-najib-approved-us1bn-loan/ |archive-date=20 July 2015 |access-date=7 July 2015 |website=Free Malaysia Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jho Low claims Najib okayed 1MDB's US$500&nbsp;million loan to PetroSaudi, says Sarawak Report |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/jho-low-claims-najib-okayed-1mdbs-us500-million-loan-to-petrosaudi-says-sar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701103313/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/jho-low-claims-najib-okayed-1mdbs-us500-million-loan-to-petrosaudi-says-sar |archive-date=1 July 2015 |access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> According to a 2022 report by German local news site Neckarstadtblog,<ref>{{cite web |date=September 24, 2022 |url=https://www.neckarstadtblog.de/2022/09/24/tom-bocks-turley-traum-vor-der-zwangsversteigerung/ |title=Tom Bocks Turley-Traum vor der Zwangsversteigerung |website= Neckarstadtblog |access-date=April 4, 2023}}</ref> Suaad A. Al-Attas, former wife of Mohammed Badawy Al Husseiny, received nearly US$40 million from the 1MDB scandal and later acted as a shareholder in a company owned by German real estate developer Tom Bock, providing a loan of nearly €5.5 million, suggesting that some of the funds used in the Turley real estate project in Mannheim, Germany, came from misappropriated funds from the 1MDB scandal. Within Malaysia, ''[[The Edge (Malaysia)|The Edge]]'' was one of the few [[Mass media in Malaysia|media outlets]] which published investigations on the scandal. Its license was suspended by the Malaysian government, in a move that its publisher suggested was [[Censorship in Malaysia|censorship]].<ref name="BBC" /> === Wall Street Journal reporting === {{See also|Billion Dollar Whale (book)}} It was claimed through a report by ''The Wall Street Journal'' that 1MDB made overpriced purchases of power assets in Malaysia through [[Genting Group]] in 2012. Genting then allegedly donated this money to a foundation controlled by Najib, who used these funds for election campaign purposes during the [[Malaysian general election, 2013|2013 general elections]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2015 |title=WSJ: Najib used 1MDB's funds for GE13 |url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/302433 |access-date=8 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bersih 2.0 says GE13 rigged, shocked over links to 1MDB |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/bersih-2.0-says-ge13-rigged-shocked-over-links-to-1mdb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708010948/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/bersih-2.0-says-ge13-rigged-shocked-over-links-to-1mdb |archive-date=8 July 2015 |access-date=8 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Roadshow unnecessary, just come clean on 1MDB's objectives, Kit Siang tells BN |url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/roadshow-unnecessary-just-come-clean-on-1mdbs-objectives-kit-siang-tells-bn |access-date=8 July 2015}}</ref> According to a news report quoting 1MDB, the company denied that it overpaid for its energy assets. 1MDB was quoted as saying that their energy acquisitions were made only when the company was convinced of its long-term value.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1MDB refutes WSJ article, says acquisitions based on long-term value |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2015/06/24/1mdb-refutes-wsj-article-says-acquisitions-based-on-longterm-value |access-date=5 February 2016 |website=The Star Online}}</ref> Further allegations were made by ''The Wall Street Journal'' that $700&nbsp;million was transferred from 1MDB and deposited in [[AmBank]] and [[Affin Bank]] accounts under Najib's name.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Tom |last1=Wright |first2=Simon |last2=Clark |date=2 July 2015 |title=Investigators Believe Money Flowed to Malaysian Leader Najib's Accounts Amid 1MDB Probe |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10130211234592774869404581083700187014570 |access-date=8 July 2015 |website=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Special team to probe graft allegations against Malaysia PM Najib Razak |website=The Economic Times |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/special-team-to-probe-graft-allegations-against-malaysia-pm-najib-razak/articleshow/47945077.cms |access-date=8 July 2015}}</ref> A task force to investigate these claims had frozen six bank accounts linked to Najib and 1MDB.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Task force freezes bank accounts as pressure mounts on PM Najib |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/task-force-freezes-bank/1966362.html |access-date=8 July 2015 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |archive-date=30 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730175326/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/taxi-wars-in-china-as-private-drivers-take-on-traditional-compan-8255792 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Niluksi |last=Koswanage |date=7 July 2015 |title=Malaysia Task Force to Freeze Accounts in Najib Money Probe |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-07/malaysia-task-force-to-freeze-bank-accounts-in-najib-money-probe |access-date=8 July 2015 |publisher=Bloomberg L.P.}}</ref> The [[Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission]] (MACC) subsequently, in August 2015, cleared 1MDB of this allegation. MACC issued a statement saying, among other things, "Results of the investigation have found that the RM2.6bil which was allegedly transferred into the account belonging to Najib Razak came from the contribution of donors, and not from 1MDB".<ref>{{Cite web |title=MACC: RM2.6bil in Najib's account from donors, not 1MDB's |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/08/03/1mdb-macc-najib/ |access-date=5 February 2016 |website=The Star |location=Malaysia}}</ref> Najib Razak had originally denied allegations that stolen money was found in his bank accounts, saying "If I wanted to steal, surely I won't steal the money and bring it into an account in Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-06 |title='If I wanted to steal money, I won't put it in Malaysia' |url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/%E2%80%98if-i-wanted-steal-money-i-won%E2%80%99t-put-it-malaysia%E2%80%99 |access-date=2020-07-28 |website=The Edge Markets}}</ref> The WSJ responded by revealing the bank account details online to rebut the denials by Najib and his supporters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sensational Findings! – Prime Minister Najib Razak's Personal Accounts Linked To 1MDB Money Trail – Malaysia Exclusive! |url=http://www.sarawakreport.org/2015/07/sensational-findings-prime-minister-najib-razaks-personal-accounts-linked-to-1mdb-money-trail-malaysia-exclusive/ |access-date=8 July 2015 |website=Sarawak Report}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DocumentCloud Document Viewer |url=http://graphics.wsj.com/documents/doc-cloud-embedder/?sidebar=1#2158723-1mdb-documents |access-date=8 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Take legal action against WSJ, PM urged |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/07/05/Take-legal-action-against-WSJ-PM-urged/ |access-date=8 July 2015 |website=The Star}}</ref> Singapore police had frozen two Singapore bank accounts in connection with their own investigation into the alleged financial mismanagement at 1MDB, after reports stated that $700&nbsp;million worth of deposits was moved through Falcon Bank in Singapore into Najib's personal accounts in Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Singapore police freeze two bank accounts linked to 1MDB probe |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-police-freeze/1999646.html |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |archive-date=25 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925072840/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-police-freeze/1999646.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Singapore freezes bank accounts over Malaysia 1MDB graft scandal |url=http://www.dw.com/en/singapore-freezes-bank-accounts-over-malaysia-1mdb-graft-scandal/a-18598971 |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=DW}}</ref> However, 1MDB denied having any knowledge of their accounts being frozen, and said they have not been contacted by any of the foreign investigating authorities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1MDB chief denies Singapore accounts frozen, says asset sales will put company in black by early 2016 |url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/1mdb-chief-denies-singapore-accounts-frozen-says-asset-sales-will-put-compa |access-date=5 February 2016 |website=The Malay Mail}}</ref> The WSJ also reported that 1MDB transferred around $850&nbsp;million via three transactions in 2014 to a British Virgin Islands-registered company with a name disguising that it was controlled by [[International Petroleum Investment Company]] (IPIC), a United Arab Emirates state investment vehicle, according to wire transfer documents.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Bradley |last=Hope |date=17 December 2015 |title=Malaysia's 1MDB Sent $850 Million to Entity Set Up to Appear Owned by Abu Dhabi Wealth Fund |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/malaysias-1mdb-sent-850-million-to-entity-set-up-to-appear-owned-by-abu-dhabi-wealth-fund-1450333025 |access-date=1 March 2016 |website=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2015 |title=WSJ drops US$850m bombshell on 1MDB |url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/323702 |access-date=1 March 2016 |website=Malaysiakini}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2015 |title=$850M 1MDB payment sent to Virgin Island firm |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/12/17/malaysia-1mdb-fund-may-have-sent-850m-to-wrong-company-wsj.html |publisher=CNBC}}</ref> The WSJ released a report stating that 1MDB failed to pay $1.4&nbsp;billion to IPIC. The money was owed to IPIC after it had guaranteed a US$3.5&nbsp;billion bond issued by 1MDB to fund its purchase of power plant assets in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WSJ: UAE fund claims US$1.4b payment from 1MDB missing |url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/wsj-uae-fund-claims-us1.4b-payment-from-1mdb-missing |access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first1=Bradley |last1=Hope |first2=Tom |last2=Wright |date=9 September 2015 |title=Malaysia's 1MDB Fund Scandal Spreads to U.A.E. |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/malaysia-fund-scandal-spreads-to-u-a-e-1441755072 |access-date=27 September 2015 |website=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Abu Dhabi alleges US$1.4&nbsp;billion from 1MDB missing, says WSJ |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/abu-dhabi-alleges-us1.4-billion-from-1mdb-missing-says-wsj/malaysia/article/abu-dhabi-alleges-us1.4-billion-from-1mdb-missing-says-wsj |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927211030/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/abu-dhabi-alleges-us1.4-billion-from-1mdb-missing-says-wsj/malaysia/article/abu-dhabi-alleges-us1.4-billion-from-1mdb-missing-says-wsj |archive-date=27 September 2015 |access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref> The WSJ released another report saying that a further $993&nbsp;million was missing that 1MDB was supposed to pay IPIC.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2015 |title=WSJ: Another US$1b payment from 1MDB to IPIC missing |url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/312712 |access-date=27 September 2015 |website=Malaysiakini}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1MDB mystery deepens as Abu Dhabi questions another missing US$993m to IPIC |url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/1mdb-mystery-deepens-as-abu-dhabi-questions-another-missing-us993m-to-ipic |access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2015 |title=Another $1.4b payment from 1MDB to Abu Dhabi fund is missing: Wall Street Journal |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/another-14b-payment-from-1mdb-to-abu-dhabi-fund-is-missing-wall-street-journal |access-date=27 September 2015 |website=The Straits Times}}</ref> 1MDB responded to the WSJ report, saying that the company continues to enjoy a strong business relationship with IPIC, as proven by the execution of a binding term sheet that saw IPIC assume obligation for a $3.5&nbsp;billion bond, currently held by 1MDB, and followed a $1&nbsp;billion cash payment made by IPIC to 1MDB in June.<ref>{{Cite web |title=We enjoy strong business relationship with UAE firm, says 1MDB – The Malaysian Insider |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/we-enjoy-strong-business-relationship-with-uae-firm-says-1mdb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220013119/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/we-enjoy-strong-business-relationship-with-uae-firm-says-1mdb |archive-date=20 December 2015 |access-date=15 February 2016 |publisher=themalaysianinsider.com}}</ref> Earlier in October 2015, IPIC reaffirmed their commitment to working with 1MDB and the Malaysian Ministry of Finance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2015 |title=Abu Dhabi's Ipic to pay interest on 1MDB bonds as Malaysia clears officials|url=http://www.thenational.ae/business/banking/abu-dhabis-ipic-to-pay-interest-on-1mdb-bonds-as-malaysia-clears-officials |access-date=15 February 2016 |website=The National |location=Abu Dhabi}}</ref> Another report by the WSJ pointed out that 1MDB, in connection with a United States political fundraiser DuSable Capital Management LLC, signed a joint venture agreement creating a fund, Yurus PE Fund, to develop solar power plants in Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Bradley |last=Hope |date=12 November 2015 |title=1MDB's Latest Act: Two Obama Fundraisers, One Fugee and $69 Million |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/malaysian-funds-latest-act-two-obama-fundraisers-one-fugee-and-69-million-1447292365 |access-date=1 March 2016 |website=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wong Chen queries Obama link in 1MDB-DuSable 'JV' |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/11/12/wong-chen-queries-obama-link-in-1mdb-dusable-jv/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116120817/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/11/12/wong-chen-queries-obama-link-in-1mdb-dusable-jv/ |archive-date=16 January 2016 |access-date=1 March 2016 |website=Free Malaysia Today}}</ref> Six months after the joint venture agreement was signed, 1MDB bought out DuSable's stake of 49% of Yurus for $69&nbsp;million before any construction took place.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WSJ picks up on 1MDB-DuSable links to former Obama fundraisers |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/wsj-picks-up-on-1mdb-dusable-links-to-former-obama-fundraisers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053132/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/wsj-picks-up-on-1mdb-dusable-links-to-former-obama-fundraisers |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=1 March 2016 |website=The Malaysian Insider}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2015 |title=Najib urged to disclose dealings of 1MDB and Yurus PE Fund |url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/my/article/najib-urged-disclose-dealings-1mdb-and-yurus-pe-fund |access-date=1 March 2016 |publisher=Theedgemarkets.com}}</ref> Based on bank transfer information, the WSJ reported that Najib spent close to $15&nbsp;million on clothes, jewellery, and a car in places such as the United States, Singapore, and Italy using a credit card that was paid from one of several private bank accounts owned by Najib, to which 1MDB funds had been diverted.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2016 |title=Malaysian Prime Minister Spent Lavishly From Accounts He Says Weren't 'Personal' |url=http://fortune.com/2016/03/31/malaysian-prime-minister-probe/ |website=Fortune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Wright |first1=Tom |last2=Hope |first2=Bradley |date=31 March 2016 |title=1MDB Probe Shows Malaysian Leader Najib Spent Millions on Luxury Goods |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/malaysian-leader-spent-millions-on-luxury-goods-1459383835 |website=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1MDB probe shows Najib Razak spent millions on luxury goods: Report |url=http://www.todayonline.com/world/najib-razak-spent-millions-luxury-goods-bank-accounts-linked-1mdb-reports-wsj |website=Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Lee Seok |last=Hwai |date=31 March 2016 |title=Malaysia PM Najib spent millions on luxury goods, political payments: WSJ |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-pm-najib-spent-millions-on-luxury-goods-political-payments-wsj |website=The Straits Times}}</ref> == Timeline == {{Main|Timeline of the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal}} == See also == {{Portal|Malaysia|Law}} * ''[[The Kleptocrats]]'' * [[Man on the Run (2023 film)|''Man on the Run'' (2023 film)]] * [[Corruption in Malaysia]] * [[Goldman Sachs controversies]] * [[History of Malaysia]] * [[Najib Razak controversies]] == Citations == {{reflist}} == Bibliography == * {{Cite book|title=The Sarawak Report: The Inside Story of the 1MDB Exposé|last=Recastle Brown|first=Clare|publisher=Gerak Budaya|year=2018|isbn=978-967-0311-16-6|url=https://www.mphonline.com/en/productdetails/books/non-fiction-others/9789670311166|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917105222/https://www.mphonline.com/en/productdetails/books/non-fiction-others/9789670311166|archive-date=2018-09-17|page=496}} * {{Cite book|title=Billion Dollar Whale: The Man Who Fooled Wall Street, Hollywood, and the World|last1=Wright|first1=Tom|last2=Hope|first2=Bradley|publisher=Hachette UK|year=2018|isbn=978-0-316-43648-9|url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=1RdNDwAAQBAJ|page=400}} == External links == * ''[[The Guardian]]'', "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/28/1mdb-inside-story-worlds-biggest-financial-scandal-malaysia 1MDB: The inside story of the world's biggest financial scandal]", 28 July 2016. * [[Global Witness]]: ** "[https://www.globalwitness.org/en-gb/campaigns/corruption-and-money-laundering/real-wolves-of-wall-street/#chapter-0/section-0: The Real Wolves of Wall Street – The banks, lawyers and auditors at the heart of Malaysia's biggest corruption scandal]" (HTML), March 2018. ** "[https://www.globalwitness.org/documents/19316/The_Real_Wolves_of_Wall_Street_Global_Witness_897.80KB.pdf The Real Wolves of Wall Street – The banks, lawyers and auditors at the heart of Malaysia's biggest corruption scandal]" (PDF), March 2018. * [[Bloomberg News]], "[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-07/malaysia-s-1mdb-fund-spawns-worldwide-probes-quicktake A Guide to the Worldwide Probes of Malaysia's 1MDB Fund]", 8 March 2018. {{1MDB}}{{1Malaysia}}{{Corporate scandals}} [[Category:1Malaysia]] [[Category:2015 in Malaysian politics]] [[Category:2016 in Malaysian politics]] [[Category:Financial scandals]] [[Category:Political history of Malaysia]] [[Category:Political scandals in Malaysia]] [[Category:Corruption in Malaysia]] [[Category:Finance fraud]] [[Category:Embezzlement]] [[Category:2010s in economic history]] [[Category:Accounting scandals]] [[Category:Goldman Sachs]] [[Category:Money laundering]] [[Category:Conspiracies]] [[Category:Bribery scandals]] [[Category:Lobbying in the United States]] [[Category:Corruption in the United States]] [[Category:Malaysia–Saudi Arabia relations]] [[Category:Malaysia–United States relations]] [[Category:Malaysia–United Arab Emirates relations]] [[Category:Corporate scandals]] [[Category:2015 scandals]] [[Category:2020s in Malaysian politics]] [[Category:2010s in Malaysian politics]] [[Category:Malaysia–Switzerland relations]] [[Category:Malaysia–Singapore relations]] 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