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laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Il_"movimento"_abbàside" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il_"movimento"_abbàside"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Il "movimento" abbàside</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il_"movimento"_abbàside-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_primi_califfi_abbasidi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_primi_califfi_abbasidi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>I primi califfi abbasidi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_primi_califfi_abbasidi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_decadenza_istituzionale_del_califfato_abbaside" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_decadenza_istituzionale_del_califfato_abbaside"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>La decadenza istituzionale del califfato abbaside</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_decadenza_istituzionale_del_califfato_abbaside-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Arte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_califfi_abbasidi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_califfi_abbasidi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>I califfi abbasidi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_califfi_abbasidi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linea_di_successione_dei_califfi_abbasidi_di_Baghdad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linea_di_successione_dei_califfi_abbasidi_di_Baghdad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Linea di successione dei califfi abbasidi di Baghdad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linea_di_successione_dei_califfi_abbasidi_di_Baghdad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_Califfi_abbasidi_del_Cairo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_Califfi_abbasidi_del_Cairo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>I Califfi abbasidi del Cairo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_Califfi_abbasidi_del_Cairo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Califfato abbaside</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 116 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasidiese_Kalifaat" title="Abbasidiese Kalifaat - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Abbasidiese Kalifaat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasiden" title="Abbasiden - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Abbasiden" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%89%A3%E1%88%B2%E1%8B%B6%E1%89%BD" title="አባሲዶች - amarico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አባሲዶች" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califato_abasida" title="Califato abasida - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Califato abasida" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الدولة العباسية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الدولة العباسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لخلافة لعباسية - arabo marocchino" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لخلافة لعباسية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabo marocchino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="العباسيين - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="العباسيين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califatu_abas%C3%ADn" title="Califatu abasín - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Califatu abasín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasil%C9%99r_xilaf%C9%99ti" title="Abbasilər xilafəti - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Abbasilər xilafəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="عباسی خیلافتی - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عباسی خیلافتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D3%99%D0%B1%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B8%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80_%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Ғәббәсиҙәр хәлифәлеге - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ғәббәсиҙәр хәлифәлеге" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abasidu_kalifats" title="Abasidu kalifats - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Abasidu kalifats" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Халіфат Абасідаў - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Халіфат Абасідаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Халіфат Абасыдаў - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Халіфат Абасыдаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Абасидски халифат - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Абасидски халифат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%A4" title="আব্বাসীয় খিলাফত - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আব্বাসীয় খিলাফত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifad_Abbasid" title="Kalifad Abbasid - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kalifad Abbasid" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abasidski_halifat" title="Abasidski halifat - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Abasidski halifat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Аббасай улас - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Аббасай улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califat_Abb%C3%A0ssida" title="Califat Abbàssida - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Califat Abbàssida" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ӏаббасийн халифат - ceceno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏаббасийн халифат" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ceceno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B9%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="خەلافەتی عەباسی - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خەلافەتی عەباسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasiy_halifeligi" title="Abbasiy halifeligi - turco crimeo" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Abbasiy halifeligi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turco crimeo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abb%C3%A1sovsk%C3%BD_chal%C3%ADf%C3%A1t" title="Abbásovský chalífát - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Abbásovský chalífát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BB%D3%91%D1%85%D3%97" title="Аббас халифлӑхӗ - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аббас халифлӑхӗ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abassiaid" title="Abassiaid - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Abassiaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbaside-kalifatet" title="Abbaside-kalifatet - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Abbaside-kalifatet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasiden-Kalifat" title="Abbasiden-Kalifat - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abbasiden-Kalifat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebasi" title="Ebasi - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ebasi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%91%CE%B2%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B4%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Χαλιφάτο των Αββασιδών - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαλιφάτο των Αββασιδών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Abbasid Caliphate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abasida_Kaliflando" title="Abasida Kaliflando - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Abasida Kaliflando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califato_abas%C3%AD" title="Califato abasí - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Califato abasí" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbassiidide_kalifaat" title="Abbassiidide kalifaat - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Abbassiidide kalifaat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbastar_Kalifa-herria" title="Abbastar Kalifa-herria - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Abbastar Kalifa-herria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="خلافت عباسی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خلافت عباسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasidikalifaatti" title="Abbasidikalifaatti - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Abbasidikalifaatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califat_abbasside" title="Califat abbasside - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Califat abbasside" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cailifeacht_Abasach" title="Cailifeacht Abasach - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cailifeacht Abasach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califato_Abb%C3%A1sida" title="Califato Abbásida - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Califato Abbásida" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalif%C3%A1to_Mbohapyha" title="Kalifáto Mbohapyha - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kalifáto Mbohapyha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daular_Abbasiyyah" title="Daular Abbasiyyah - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Daular Abbasiyyah" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A1" title="בית עבאס - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית עבאס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%A4" title="अब्बासी ख़िलाफ़त - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अब्बासी ख़िलाफ़त" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Samrajya" title="Abbasid Samrajya - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Abbasid Samrajya" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abasidski_Kalifat" title="Abasidski Kalifat - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Abasidski Kalifat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abb%C3%A1szida_Kalif%C3%A1tus" title="Abbászida Kalifátus - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Abbászida Kalifátus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Աբբասյան խալիֆայություն - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աբբասյան խալիֆայություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliphato_Abbaside" title="Caliphato Abbaside - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Caliphato Abbaside" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Abbasiyah" title="Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Abbasid Caliphate" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abasida_a_Kalipato" title="Abasida a Kalipato - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Abasida a Kalipato" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas%C3%ADdaveldi%C3%B0" title="Abbasídaveldið - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Abbasídaveldið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E6%9C%9D" title="アッバース朝 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アッバース朝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bani_Abbasiyah" title="Bani Abbasiyah - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bani Abbasiyah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="აბასიანთა სახალიფო - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აბასიანთა სახალიფო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Аббасилер халифаты - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аббасилер халифаты" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%B0%94%EC%8A%A4_%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%8C%8C%EA%B5%AD" title="아바스 칼리파국 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아바스 칼리파국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanedana_Ebasiyan" title="Xanedana Ebasiyan - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xanedana Ebasiyan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifat_Abbasid" title="Kalifat Abbasid - cornico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kalifat Abbasid" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Аббасий халифаты - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аббасий халифаты" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliphatus_Abbasidarum" title="Caliphatus Abbasidarum - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caliphatus Abbasidarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califfaa_Abbasid" title="Califfaa Abbasid - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Califfaa Abbasid" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abasid%C5%B3_kalifatas" title="Abasidų kalifatas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Abasidų kalifatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C4%81s%C4%ABdu_kalif%C4%81ts" title="Abāsīdu kalifāts - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Abāsīdu kalifāts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifata_Abasida" title="Kalifata Abasida - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kalifata Abasida" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Абасидски Калифат - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Абасидски Калифат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="അബ്ബാസി ഖിലാഫത്ത് - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അബ്ബാസി ഖിലാഫത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Аббасидын Халифат Улс - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Аббасидын Халифат Улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Bani_Abbasiyah" title="Kerajaan Bani Abbasiyah - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kerajaan Bani Abbasiyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="عباسیون - mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="عباسیون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasiden-Kalifaat" title="Abbasiden-Kalifaat - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Abbasiden-Kalifaat" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifaat_van_de_Abbasiden" title="Kalifaat van de Abbasiden - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kalifaat van de Abbasiden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasidekalifatet" title="Abbasidekalifatet - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Abbasidekalifatet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasidene" title="Abbasidene - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Abbasidene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califat_abbassida" title="Califat abbassida - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Califat abbassida" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A4" title="ਅੱਬਾਸਿਦ ਖਿਲਾਫ਼ਤ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੱਬਾਸਿਦ ਖਿਲਾਫ਼ਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasydzi" title="Abbasydzi - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Abbasydzi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%81" title="خلافت عباسیہ - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خلافت عباسیہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA" title="عباسي خلافت - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="عباسي خلافت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califado_Ab%C3%A1ssida" title="Califado Abássida - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Califado Abássida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califatul_Abbasid" title="Califatul Abbasid - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Califatul Abbasid" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Аббасидский халифат - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аббасидский халифат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbassidi" title="Abbassidi - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Abbassidi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Abbasid Caliphate" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA" title="عباسي خلافت - sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عباسي خلافت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abasidski_Kalifat" title="Abasidski Kalifat - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Abasidski Kalifat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C9%9Bbbasn" title="Iɛbbasn - tashelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Iɛbbasn" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tashelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Abbasid Caliphate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abb%C3%A1sovsk%C3%BD_kalif%C3%A1t" title="Abbásovský kalifát - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Abbásovský kalifát" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abasidski_kalifat" title="Abasidski kalifat - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Abasidski kalifat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawladii_Cabaasiyiinta" title="Dawladii Cabaasiyiinta - somalo" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dawladii Cabaasiyiinta" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abasit%C3%ABt" title="Abasitët - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Abasitët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Абасидски калифат - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Абасидски калифат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasidkalifatet" title="Abbasidkalifatet - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Abbasidkalifatet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waabbasi" title="Waabbasi - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Waabbasi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அப்பாசியக் கலீபகம் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அப்பாசியக் கலீபகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Хилофати Аббосиён - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хилофати Аббосиён" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์อับบาซียะฮ์ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์อับบาซียะฮ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasidler" title="Abbasidler - turcomanno" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Abbasidler" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomanno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalipatong_Abasida" title="Kalipatong Abasida - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kalipatong Abasida" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbason_xyl%C9%99f%C9%99t" title="Abbason xyləfət - taliscio" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Abbason xyləfət" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="taliscio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abb%C3%A2s%C3%AEler" title="Abbâsîler - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Abbâsîler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ئابباسىيلار - uiguro" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئابباسىيلار" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Аббасидський халіфат - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аббасидський халіфат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%81" title="خلافت عباسیہ - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خلافت عباسیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bag%CA%BBdod_xalifaligi" title="Bagʻdod xalifaligi - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bagʻdod xalifaligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C3%A0sii" title="Abàsii - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Abàsii" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_Abbas" title="Nhà Abbas - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà Abbas" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalipa_Abasida" title="Kalipa Abasida - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kalipa Abasida" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿拔斯王朝 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿拔斯王朝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="აბასიანეფიშ სახალიფო - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აბასიანეფიშ სახალიფო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%98" title="אבאסישער כאליפאט - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אבאסישער כאליפאט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿拔斯王朝 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿拔斯王朝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_Khalifah-kok" title="Abbas Khalifah-kok - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Abbas Khalifah-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿巴斯王朝 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿巴斯王朝" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12536#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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</nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Reindirizzamento da <strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasidi&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasidi">Abbasidi</a></strong>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata noprint plainlinks avviso avviso-contenuto"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book_magnify.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nessuna nota a piè di pagina"><img alt="Nessuna nota a piè di pagina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Question_book_magnify.svg/45px-Question_book_magnify.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Question_book_magnify.svg/68px-Question_book_magnify.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Question_book_magnify.svg/90px-Question_book_magnify.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce o sezione  sull'argomento storia è priva o carente di <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">note</a> e <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Uso_delle_fonti#Citazioni_nel_testo_.28citazioni_interne.29_e_alla_fine" title="Aiuto:Uso delle fonti">riferimenti bibliografici puntuali</a></b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"><b>Commento</b>: <i>Nonostante la presenza di una discreta bibliografia, la voce riporta solamente quattro note in tutto, mancando quindi quasi completamente di riferimenti puntuali alle fonti utilizzate.</i> <div class="noprint"><hr />Sebbene vi siano una <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Bibliografia" title="Aiuto:Bibliografia">bibliografia</a> e/o dei <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Collegamenti_esterni" title="Wikipedia:Collegamenti esterni">collegamenti esterni</a>, manca la contestualizzazione delle fonti con <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Note" title="Aiuto:Note">note a piè di pagina</a> o altri riferimenti precisi che indichino puntualmente la provenienza delle informazioni. 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Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Storia" title="Progetto:Storia">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r143074810">.mw-parser-output .sinottico{background-color:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;border-spacing:0;clear:right;float:right;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em;margin:0 0 1em 1.5em;width:280px}.mw-parser-output .sinottico caption{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child),.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child){background-color:#f3f3f3;border-right:1px solid #e5e5e8;text-align:left;vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr:not(:last-child)>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr:not(:last-child)>th,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th{border-bottom:1px solid #e0e0e0}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child),.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child){padding:.25em .4em}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>td>hr:only-child{margin:0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sinottico ul{margin:0 0 0 1em;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata{border-spacing:0;margin:0 -.4em;width:calc(100% + calc(.4em*2))}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata:last-child{margin-bottom:-.2em}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata:last-child>tbody>tr:last-child>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata:last-child>tbody>tr:last-child>th{border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_divisione+.sinottico_divisione>th,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testata+.sinottico_divisione>th{border-top:2px solid #f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_divisione th{background-color:#eeeeee;padding:.15em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_piede{text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#EFEFEF}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_piede2{background-color:white;font-size:xx-small;padding-bottom:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_sottotitolo{font-size:80%}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testata th{background-color:#dedede;font-size:116%;padding:.2em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testo_centrale{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume le principali caratteristiche di uno Stato non più esistente"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:#e9967a; color:#000;">Califfato Abbaside</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><div style="display:grid; grid-auto-flow:column; gap:.2em .4em; margin:0 auto; max-width:255px; align-items:center; justify-content:space-evenly;"> <div style="grid-area:1;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbasid_banner.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Califfato Abbaside – Bandiera"><img alt="Califfato Abbaside – Bandiera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Abbasid_banner.svg/125px-Abbasid_banner.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Abbasid_banner.svg/188px-Abbasid_banner.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Abbasid_banner.svg/250px-Abbasid_banner.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div style="grid-area:2;"><small> (<a href="/wiki/Stendardo_nero" title="Stendardo nero">dettagli</a>)</small></div> </div> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbasids850.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Califfato Abbaside - Localizzazione"><img alt="Califfato Abbaside - Localizzazione" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Abbasids850.png/260px-Abbasids850.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Abbasids850.png/390px-Abbasids850.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Abbasids850.png/520px-Abbasids850.png 2x" data-file-width="1481" data-file-height="902" /></a><figcaption>Califfato Abbaside - Localizzazione</figcaption></figure>Il Califfato abbaside attorno all'850 </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#e9967a; color:#000;">Dati amministrativi</th></tr><tr><th>Nome completo</th><td>Califfato Abbaside </td></tr><tr><th>Nome ufficiale</th><td>الخلافة العباسية </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Lingua_ufficiale" title="Lingua ufficiale">Lingue ufficiali</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Lingua_araba" title="Lingua araba">Arabo</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Lingua_(linguistica)" title="Lingua (linguistica)">Lingue parlate</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Lingua_araba" title="Lingua araba">Arabo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingua_persiana" title="Lingua persiana">Persiano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingua_aramaica" title="Lingua aramaica">aramaico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingua_curda" title="Lingua curda">curdo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingua_ebraica" title="Lingua ebraica">ebraico</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Capitale_(citt%C3%A0)" title="Capitale (città)">Capitale</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, attuale <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> (762-796, 809-836, 892-1258) </td></tr><tr><th>Altre capitali</th><td><a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a> (750-762)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a> (796-809)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a> (836-892) </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#e9967a; color:#000;">Politica</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Forma_di_Stato" title="Forma di Stato">Forma di Stato</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Califfato" title="Califfato">Califfato</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Forma_di_governo" title="Forma di governo">Forma di governo</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Monarchia_assoluta" title="Monarchia assoluta">Monarchia assoluta</a> <a href="/wiki/Teocrazia" title="Teocrazia">teocratica</a> <a href="/wiki/Dinastia" title="Dinastia">ereditaria</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Nascita</th><td><a href="/wiki/750" title="750">750</a> con <a href="/wiki/Abu_l-Abbas_al-Saffah" title="Abu l-Abbas al-Saffah">Abū l-ʿAbbās al-Saffāḥ</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Causa</th><td>Assunzione del potere </td></tr><tr><th>Fine</th><td><a href="/wiki/1258" title="1258">1258</a> con <a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27sim" title="Al-Musta'sim">al-Musta'sim</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Causa</th><td><a href="/wiki/Presa_di_Baghdad" title="Presa di Baghdad">Presa di Baghdad</a> da parte di <a href="/wiki/Hulagu_Khan" title="Hulagu Khan">Hulagu Khan</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#e9967a; color:#000;">Territorio e popolazione</th></tr><tr><th>Massima estensione</th><td>11.100.000 km² nel 750 d.C. </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#e9967a; color:#000;">Economia</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta">Valuta</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Dinar" title="Dinar">Dinar</a> (oro), <a href="/wiki/Dirham" title="Dirham">Dirham</a> (argento), <a href="/wiki/Fals" title="Fals">Fals</a> (rame) </td></tr><tr><th>Commerci con</th><td><a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterraneo" title="Mar Mediterraneo">Mar Mediterraneo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Oceano_Indiano" title="Oceano Indiano">oceano Indiano</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#e9967a; color:#000;">Religione e società</th></tr><tr><th>Religione di Stato</th><td><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunnismo" title="Sunnismo">sunnita</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Religioni minoritarie</th><td><a href="/wiki/Cristianesimo" title="Cristianesimo">Cristianesimo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebraismo" title="Ebraismo">Ebraismo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazdeismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazdeismo">Mazdeismo</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#e9967a; color:#000;">Evoluzione storica</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Successione_di_Stati" title="Successione di Stati">Preceduto da</a></th><td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Umayyad_Flag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Umayyad_Flag.png/20px-Umayyad_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Umayyad_Flag.png/30px-Umayyad_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Umayyad_Flag.png/40px-Umayyad_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Califfato_omayyade" title="Califfato omayyade">Califfato omayyade</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Successione_di_Stati" title="Successione di Stati">Succeduto da</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Impero_mongolo" title="Impero mongolo">Impero mongolo</a><br /><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_swallowtailed_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Green_swallowtailed_flag.svg/20px-Green_swallowtailed_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Green_swallowtailed_flag.svg/30px-Green_swallowtailed_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Green_swallowtailed_flag.svg/40px-Green_swallowtailed_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1707" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Fatimide" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastia Fatimide">Dinastia Fatimide</a><br /><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Almohad_Dynasty.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Almohad_Dynasty.svg/20px-Flag_of_Almohad_Dynasty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Almohad_Dynasty.svg/30px-Flag_of_Almohad_Dynasty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Almohad_Dynasty.svg/40px-Flag_of_Almohad_Dynasty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="444" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Almohadi" title="Almohadi">Dinastia Almohade</a> <br /> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultanate_of_mamlucks_flag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sultanate_of_mamlucks_flag.png/20px-Sultanate_of_mamlucks_flag.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sultanate_of_mamlucks_flag.png/30px-Sultanate_of_mamlucks_flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sultanate_of_mamlucks_flag.png/40px-Sultanate_of_mamlucks_flag.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_mamelucco_(Il_Cairo)" title="Sultanato mamelucco (Il Cairo)">Mamelucchi d'Egitto</a> <br /> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1844%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Impero_ottomano" title="Impero ottomano">Impero ottomano</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Ghuridi" title="Ghuridi">Ghuridi</a> <br /> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Seljuks.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Seljuks.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Seljuks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Seljuks.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Seljuks.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Seljuks.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Seljuks.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Impero_selgiuchide" class="mw-redirect" title="Impero selgiuchide">Impero selgiuchide</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Saffaridi" title="Saffaridi">Saffaridi</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Ziyadidi" title="Ziyadidi">Ziyadidi</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tulunidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulunidi">Tulunidi</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Ziridi" title="Ziridi">Ziridi</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12536" class="extiw" title="d:Q12536"><span title="Modifica i dati della voce Califfato abbaside su Wikidata">Modifica dati su Wikidata</span></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Stato_storico/man" title="Template:Stato storico/man"><span title="Manuale del template Stato storico">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Il <b>Califfato abbaside</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_araba" title="Lingua araba">arabo</a> <span dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabo">الخلافة العباسية</span>‎<span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Arabo" title="Aiuto:Arabo">?</a></sup></span>, <i>al-khilāfa al-‘abbāsiyya</i>) fu il terzo dei quattro califfati principali istituiti dopo la morte di Maometto, governato dalla dinastia degli Abbasidi. Prende il nome da <a href="/wiki/Al-%CA%BFAbb%C4%81s_ibn_%CA%BFAbd_al-Mu%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADalib" title="Al-ʿAbbās ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib">al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib</a> - zio paterno del <a href="/wiki/Profeta" title="Profeta">profeta</a> <a href="/wiki/Maometto" title="Maometto">Maometto</a> e trisavolo del fondatore della dinastia - che si vuole si fosse convertito alla religione predicata dal nipote in una data imprecisata che i detrattori della dinastia ponevano nella sera immediatamente precedente alla conquista (<i>fatḥ</i>) della <a href="/wiki/La_Mecca" title="La Mecca">Mecca</a> da parte dei <a href="/wiki/Musulmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Musulmani">musulmani</a> (630). </p><p>Il Califfato abbaside ebbe inizio in seguito al rovesciamento della dinastia omayyade, avvenuto nel contesto della cosiddetta <a href="/wiki/Rivoluzione_abbaside" title="Rivoluzione abbaside">rivoluzione abbaside</a> del 750. </p><p>Il califfato esistette dal 750 al 1258, sia pure entrando in una fase di declino a partire dalla seconda metà del <a href="/wiki/IX_secolo" title="IX secolo">IX secolo</a>. La cattura di Baghdad da parte dei <a href="/wiki/Buwayhidi" title="Buwayhidi">Buwayhidi</a> nel 945 e da parte dell'<a href="/wiki/Impero_selgiuchide" class="mw-redirect" title="Impero selgiuchide">Impero selgiuchide</a> nel 1055 evidenziarono la subalternità del califfato quale forza politica nel mondo islamico, nonostante periodi di ripresa sotto califfi come <a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtafi" title="Al-Muqtafi">al-Muqtafi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Al-N%C4%81%E1%B9%A3ir_li-d%C4%ABn_All%C4%81h" title="Al-Nāṣir li-dīn Allāh">al-Nāṣir li-dīn Allāh</a>. Il califfato ricopriva, al suo apice, un'area di 11,1 milioni di km² ed è uno degli <a href="/wiki/Imperi_per_estensione" title="Imperi per estensione">imperi più vasti di sempre</a>, il secondo della storia islamica dopo il solo impero <a href="/wiki/Omayyadi" title="Omayyadi">omayyade</a> (13,4 milioni).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Presa_di_Baghdad" title="Presa di Baghdad">presa di Baghdad</a> da parte dei Mongoli nel 1258 determinò la fine del califfato. Esso venne ricostituito, in forma puramente cerimoniale, dal <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_mamelucco_(Il_Cairo)" title="Sultanato mamelucco (Il Cairo)">Sultanato mamelucco</a> del Cairo, esistendo in questa forma dal 1261 al 1517. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Il_"movimento"_abbàside"><span id="Il_.22movimento.22_abb.C3.A0side"></span>Il "movimento" abbàside</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Il "movimento" abbàside" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Il "movimento" abbàside"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_820(1).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/World_820%281%29.png/310px-World_820%281%29.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/World_820%281%29.png/465px-World_820%281%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/World_820%281%29.png/620px-World_820%281%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>Il Califfato degli Abbasidi e gli Stati e gli imperi contemporanei dell'820</figcaption></figure> <p>In una società che marcava la propria identità culturale sul fatto prioritario di aderire al credo islamico, fondato sul <a href="/wiki/Corano" title="Corano">Corano</a> e sull'esempio vivente di Maometto, il fatto religioso ha avuto evidentemente una centralità che è impossibile negare. Ciò tuttavia non toglie che nei cambiamenti conosciuti dalla società islamica non abbiano potentemente inciso fattori politici, economici e sociali. </p><p>L'estrema semplicità della struttura della primissima società <a href="/wiki/Musulmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Musulmani">musulmana</a> era stata ampiamente surrogata dall'incipiente capacità dei musulmani di irrompere dapprima nella <a href="/wiki/Penisola_arabica" title="Penisola arabica">penisola arabica</a> (con il primo califfo <a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Bakr" title="Abū Bakr">Abū Bakr</a>) e, già con <a href="/wiki/%CA%BFOmar_ibn_al-Kha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%AD%C4%81b" title="ʿOmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb">ʿOmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb</a>, nelle aree <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">siro</a>-<a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">palestinesi</a> ed <a href="/wiki/Egitto" title="Egitto">egiziane</a>, nonché in quelle <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">mesopotamiche e della Persia</a>. Il terzo e il quarto califfato (<a href="/wiki/%CA%BFUthm%C4%81n_b._%CA%BFAff%C4%81n" title="ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān">ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān</a> e <a href="/wiki/%CA%BFAl%C4%AB_ibn_%CA%BEAb%C4%AB_%E1%B9%AC%C4%81lib" title="ʿAlī ibn ʾAbī Ṭālib">ʿAlī ibn ʾAbī Ṭālib</a>) erano stati caratterizzati dall'insorgere delle prime gravissime frizioni fra i vari "poteri forti" islamici per imporre la propria egemonia sulla Comunità. </p><p>Gli <a href="/wiki/Omayyadi" title="Omayyadi">Omayyadi</a> erano usciti vincitori dal confronto ma ciò non aveva significato che i principali problemi che affliggevano la <i>Umma</i> fossero stati convenientemente risolti.<br /> In particolare erano rimasti inapplicati in massima parte gli aspetti "universalistici" del messaggio islamico che non faceva distinzione fra le varie etnie e culture che avessero abbracciato l'Islam. I convertiti non-arabi (i cosiddetti <i><a href="/wiki/Mawl%C4%81" title="Mawlā">mawālī</a></i>) - <a href="/wiki/Persia" title="Persia">persiani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia">greci</a>, mesopotamici, <a href="/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi">berberi</a> e persino <a href="/wiki/Ebraismo" title="Ebraismo">ebrei</a> - erano sostanzialmente rimasti esclusi dalle più significative e lucrose cariche politiche, e bloccati immotivatamente allo <i>status</i> di sudditi "protetti", per essere discriminati persino all'interno delle compagini militari che proseguivano nella potente spinta conquistatrice in direzione delle aree asiatiche, africane ed europee aperte all'islamizzazione (la <i><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81r_al-%E1%B8%A5arb" title="Dār al-ḥarb">dār al-ḥarb</a></i>, ossia il "territorio aperto alla guerra"). </p><p>Questa situazione di palese iniquità economica, sociale e politica, era una situazione intollerabile anche sotto un profilo religioso, visto l'ecumenismo egualitario che caratterizzava già il primo Islam, sulla scorta della predicazione di Muhammad e di non pochi espliciti brani del Corano. </p><p>L'assolutismo califfale omayyade, che faceva ritenere al califfo di essere depositario del "vicariato di Dio" in Terra (<i>khalīfat Allāh</i>, "califfo di Dio" si faceva definire il califfo omayyade<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) e non più soltanto <i>Amīr al-muʾminīn</i> (Comandante dei credenti), trovò un potente antagonista solo quando gli oppositori riuscirono a coniugare aspetti religiosi e politico-economici, facendo leva sul malcontento dei <i>mawālī</i>. </p><p>Gli Abbasidi costituivano inizialmente una semplice branca del movimento favorevole al quarto califfo <a href="/wiki/%CA%BFAl%C4%AB_ibn_%CA%BEAb%C4%AB_%E1%B9%AC%C4%81lib" title="ʿAlī ibn ʾAbī Ṭālib">ʿAlī ibn ʾAbī Ṭālib</a> (che viene definito "<a href="/wiki/Alidi" title="Alidi">alide</a>"). Al suo interno gli Abbasidi si mossero da principio in modo non distinguibile dalle altre componenti che giudicavano "usurpatore" il califfato fondato da <a href="/wiki/Mu%CA%BF%C4%81wiya_ibn_Ab%C4%AB_Sufy%C4%81n" title="Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān">Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān</a>. </p><p>È assai probabile che gli Abbasidi si rendessero conto di una certa disorganizzazione (se non addirittura di un eccessivo antagonismo) all'interno delle diverse anime che formavano l'alidismo e abbastanza presto cominciarono a operare in modo autonomo, ancorché clandestino, pur senza palesare questo loro orientamento strategico di fondo. </p><p>Quando l'opposizione alide ebbe la meglio sugli Omàyyadi (indeboliti dalle continue rivolte <a href="/wiki/Kharigiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharigiti">kharigite</a>, dall'irriducibile antagonismo fra Arabi meridionali e settentrionali e da lotte intestine che squassarono la stessa unità della loro compagine familiare), gli Abbasidi si mostrarono come i più organizzati e, semplicemente, si proposero con forza come la nuova dinastia califfale, avocando a sé qualsiasi potere, definendosi con una certa supponenza "dinastia benedetta". Non tennero di conseguenza in alcun conto le pretese "legittimistiche" della Famiglia del Profeta (<i>Ahl al-Bayt</i>) che s'era illusa che nulla più si frapponesse per l'assunzione del governo supremo della <i>Umma</i> islamica. Da qui la rottura dell'unità fra Abbasidi e Alidi che, nel tempo, getteranno le basi ideologiche e teologiche per la nascita di un vero e proprio movimento islamico alternativo che sarà definito "<a href="/wiki/Sciismo" title="Sciismo">sciita</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I_primi_califfi_abbasidi">I primi califfi abbasidi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione I primi califfi abbasidi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: I primi califfi abbasidi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="float:right;margin-top:-6px; margin-left: 6px"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abass-will-007.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Abass-will-007.png/220px-Abass-will-007.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Abass-will-007.png/330px-Abass-will-007.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Abass-will-007.png/440px-Abass-will-007.png 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption>Dominio abbaside. Divisioni amministrative prima del suo smembramento iniziato a metà del IX secolo d.C.</figcaption></figure></div> <p>Il primo califfo abbaside, <a href="/wiki/Abu_l-Abbas_al-Saffah" title="Abu l-Abbas al-Saffah">Abū l-ʿAbbās al-Saffāḥ</a>, pur proclamato a <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a> nel 748-9, assunse realmente il potere solo nel 750, forte del poderoso appoggio militare dell'elemento persiano-<a href="/wiki/Khorasan" title="Khorasan">khorasanico</a>, accuratamente a lungo clandestinamente organizzato da <a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim" title="Abu Muslim">Abū Muslim</a>, il massimo esponente della macchina propagandistica abbaside nel periodo omayyade. </p><p>La dinastia tuttavia trovò il suo reale organizzatore e sapiente amministratore in Abū Jaʿfar (<a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">al-Manṣūr</a>), fratello minore di Abū l-ʿAbbās, che fondò quelle solide basi che permisero alla suprema magistratura islamica di sopravvivere per mezzo millennio circa, anche se dopo il califfato di <a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil" title="Al-Mutawakkil">al-Mutawakkil</a>, il potere della dinastia prese a svuotarsi sostanzialmente, pur mantenendosi formalmente fino alla sua caduta, come evidente simbolo dell'unità islamica. Ad al-Manṣūr (<i>reg.</i> 754-775) si deve la fondazione di <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> nell'area mesopotamica, che da sempre aveva espresso il più profondo affetto per la famiglia del Profeta. </p><p>L'apice della potenza abbaside fu raggiunto da suo nipote <a href="/wiki/H%C4%81r%C5%ABn_al-Rash%C4%ABd" title="Hārūn al-Rashīd">Hārūn al-Rashīd</a> (<i>reg.</i> 786-809) e dal figlio di quest'ultimo, <a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%CA%BEm%C5%ABn" title="Al-Maʾmūn">al-Maʾmūn</a> (<i>reg.</i> 813-833), sotto i quali il califfato toccò limiti straordinari, tanto territoriali quanto culturali. </p><p>L'allargamento dei domini abbasidi portò peraltro a una progressiva crescita delle difficoltà del califfato, in parte causate dalle differenze etniche e culturali ma, più semplicemente, da una certa incapacità del centro di amministrare saggiamente le periferie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_decadenza_istituzionale_del_califfato_abbaside">La decadenza istituzionale del califfato abbaside</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione La decadenza istituzionale del califfato abbaside" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: La decadenza istituzionale del califfato abbaside"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="float:right;margin-top:-6px; margin-left: 6px"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fragmentation_of_the_Abbasid_Caliphate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Fragmentation_of_the_Abbasid_Caliphate.jpg/220px-Fragmentation_of_the_Abbasid_Caliphate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Fragmentation_of_the_Abbasid_Caliphate.jpg/330px-Fragmentation_of_the_Abbasid_Caliphate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Fragmentation_of_the_Abbasid_Caliphate.jpg/440px-Fragmentation_of_the_Abbasid_Caliphate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1344" data-file-height="903" /></a><figcaption>Formazione di emirati indipendenti de facto (mappa in tedesco) negli ultimi anni (820-853) del Califfato degli Abbasidi</figcaption></figure></div> <p>Nell'VIII secolo <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">al-Andalus</a> e <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> si erano già distaccati dal califfato, in parte per l'azione nel primo di un esponente omayyade superstite (<a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_ibn_Mu%27awiya" title="Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya">ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muʿāwiya</a>) e in parte per l'indomita resistenza <a href="/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi">berbera</a>. Il secolo dopo fu l'<a href="/wiki/Storia_dell%27Egitto_tulunide" title="Storia dell'Egitto tulunide">Egitto tulunide</a> a fare valere il proprio diritto all'auto-amministrazione e, con il trascorre del tempo, furono poi le province <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">iraniche</a> a rivendicare un proprio modello di sviluppo (pur senza rinunciare al tratto unificatore della religione islamica), quindi dalla <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> e dalla <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> (sec. IX-X). Da quel momento in poi il califfato si ridusse progressivamente al controllo del solo <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, quindi della sola Baghdad e, addirittura, neppure a tutta la città-capitale. </p><p>Tra l'836 e l'892 la capitale (segnata da crescenti problemi di ordine pubblico) fu trasferita a <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Sāmarrā'</a>, per tornare tuttavia nuovamente a Baghdad fino alla caduta della dinastia. </p><p>Dopo avere subito la "tutela" degli <a href="/wiki/Sciismo" title="Sciismo">sciiti</a> <a href="/wiki/Daylamiti" title="Daylamiti">daylamiti</a> <a href="/wiki/Buwayhidi" title="Buwayhidi">buwayhidi</a>, o buyidi (X-XI secolo) e quindi dei <a href="/wiki/Sunnismo" title="Sunnismo">sunniti</a> turchi <a href="/wiki/Selgiuchidi" title="Selgiuchidi">Selgiuchidi</a>, il califfato abbaside ebbe una breve reviviscenza di autorità nel XII secolo, specialmente sotto <a href="/wiki/Al-Nasir_li-din_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Nasir li-din Allah">al-Nāṣir</a> (<i>reg.</i> 1180-1225), ma finì con l'essere travolto alla metà del XIII secolo a opera dei <a href="/wiki/Mongoli" title="Mongoli">Mongoli</a> di <a href="/wiki/Hulegu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulegu">Hülegü</a> che conquistarono Baghdad e misero a morte l'ultimo califfo <a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27sim" title="Al-Musta'sim">al-Mustaʿṣim</a> (1258). </p><p>I cinque secoli della dinastia abbaside nell'<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> coincidono con la maggior fioritura della civiltà arabo-musulmana. L'epoca fu contrassegnata dall'affermarsi ai vertici islamici dapprima dell'elemento iranico (specie sul piano culturale) e poi di quello turco (specie su quello militare). Il predominio arabo andò gradualmente e irrimediabilmente attenuandosi fin quasi a estinguersi del tutto, malgrado la dinastia (che dette all'Islam 37 califfi) rimanesse in mano araba fino al definitivo colpo di grazia inferto dai Mongoli. </p><p>Un ramo abbaside sopravvissuto allo sterminio mongolo si impiantò ad <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> e quindi al Cairo nel 1261, dove venne ospitato fra mille lussi ma nessun potere effettivo nell'<a href="/wiki/Egitto" title="Egitto">Egitto</a> <a href="/wiki/Mamelucchi" title="Mamelucchi">mamelucco</a>. Quando gli <a href="/wiki/Ottomani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottomani">Ottomani</a> presero l'Egitto nel 1521, acquisirono i simboli del potere califfale, legittimando le loro pretese. Queste furono dichiarate estinte da <a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk" class="mw-redirect" title="Atatürk">Atatürk</a> alla fine del primo quarto del XX secolo, allorché l'<a href="/wiki/Impero_ottomano" title="Impero ottomano">Impero ottomano</a> aveva già ceduto il posto alla Repubblica di <a href="/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia">Turchia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arte">Arte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Arte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Arte"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbasids_Baghdad_Iraq_765.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Abbasids_Baghdad_Iraq_765.jpg/220px-Abbasids_Baghdad_Iraq_765.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Abbasids_Baghdad_Iraq_765.jpg/330px-Abbasids_Baghdad_Iraq_765.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Abbasids_Baghdad_Iraq_765.jpg/440px-Abbasids_Baghdad_Iraq_765.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1157" data-file-height="1191" /></a><figcaption>Moneta abbaside, 765, Iraq.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mustansiriya_University_CPT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Mustansiriya_University_CPT.jpg/220px-Mustansiriya_University_CPT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Mustansiriya_University_CPT.jpg/330px-Mustansiriya_University_CPT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Mustansiriya_University_CPT.jpg/440px-Mustansiriya_University_CPT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="2240" /></a><figcaption>Università al-<a href="/wiki/Mustansiriyya" title="Mustansiriyya">Mustansiriyya</a> di Baghdad, costruita durante il califfato di <a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_(abbaside)" title="Al-Mustansir (abbaside)">al-Mustanṣir</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg/220px-Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg/330px-Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg/440px-Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan">Jabir ibn Hayyan</a>, il padre fondatore della moderna <a href="/wiki/Chimica" title="Chimica">chimica</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nell'epoca abbaside sorse la prima autentica arte islamica, profondamente diversa da quella <a href="/wiki/Califfato_omayyade" title="Califfato omayyade">omayyade</a>, che si era limitata a riciclare forme dell'<a href="/wiki/Ellenismo" title="Ellenismo">ellenismo</a> orientale. Non è un caso se nel IX secolo si diffuse una versione araba delle <i>Mille e Una Notte</i> persiana. </p><p>Nell'<a href="/wiki/Architettura" title="Architettura">architettura</a> vennero introdotti l'<i>iwān</i>, una enorme sala mancante di un lato e l'arco spezzato, che verrà poi definito persiano; i monumenti abbasidi più caratteristici furono le <a href="/wiki/Moschee" class="mw-redirect" title="Moschee">moschee</a> e i palazzi di <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a>, innalzati grazie alla tecnica costruttiva del mattone crudo o cotto, e abbondanti di stucco modellato che rivestiva intere pareti. </p><p>I decoratori abbasidi usarono abbondantemente la <a href="/wiki/Pittura" title="Pittura">pittura</a> per caratterizzare le pareti delle case private e degli <a href="/wiki/Harem" title="Harem">harem</a>. Un riflesso della pittura abbaside, rivisitata dai <a href="/wiki/Fatimidi" title="Fatimidi">Fatimidi</a>, lo troviamo nella <a href="/wiki/Cappella_Palatina_(Palermo)" title="Cappella Palatina (Palermo)">Cappella Palatina (Palermo)</a> e in alcuni palazzi dell'<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> orientale. L'arte abbaside non fece propria la riottosità islamica a rappresentare la figura umana e appare più indebitata con l'arte asiatica espressa storicamente in Persia. </p><p>Fra le arti decorative spiccano la <a href="/wiki/Ceramica" title="Ceramica">ceramica</a> e i <a href="/wiki/Tessuto_(materiale)" title="Tessuto (materiale)">tessuti</a> oltre agli oggetti in <a href="/wiki/Vetro" title="Vetro">vetro</a> e in <a href="/wiki/Cristallo_di_rocca" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristallo di rocca">cristallo di rocca</a> intagliato. Fra i tessuti si distinsero i famosi abiti dei <a href="/wiki/Califfi" class="mw-redirect" title="Califfi">califfi</a>, i <i>ṭīrāz</i>, le tappezzerie in <a href="/wiki/Lana" title="Lana">lana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotone_(tessuto)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotone (tessuto)">cotone</a> e <a href="/wiki/Seta" title="Seta">seta</a> con motivi astratti o animali stilizzati. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Cultura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Storia_della_medicina_araba" title="Storia della medicina araba">Storia della medicina araba</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Durante il regno dei primi califfi abbasidi fiorì improvvisamente l'età dell'oro della scienza araba e Baghdad divenne il centro intellettuale più importante a livello globale dell'epoca.<br /> Il fermento culturale iniziò con un movimento di traduzione in arabo delle più importanti opere delle civiltà passate greca, persiana, indiana e con la costruzione della prima cartiera a Samarcanda, con tecnologia copiata dai cinesi, seguita dalla costruzione di altre. </p><p>Il sapere fino ad allora conosciuto di medicina, astronomia, agricoltura, astrologia, filosofia, matematica reso disponibile in una sola lingua attirò diversi studiosi non solamente arabi ma anche cristiani ed ebrei che parteciparono a questo fermento culturale da cui nacquero importanti <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554517">.mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:#ffeaea;color:#444444}.mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#EE0700}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}</style><span class="chiarimento">scoperte originali</span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice">[<i><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Chiarezza" title="Aiuto:Chiarezza">quali? aggiungere inoltre pagine del riferimento utilizzato</a></i>]</sup> che ebbero notevole influenza sui secoli a seguire<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Economia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Economia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il <i><a href="/wiki/Dinar" title="Dinar">dīnār</a></i> d'oro divenne la valuta pregiata in tutti gli scambi commerciali, anche al di fuori dei confini del califfato. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I_califfi_abbasidi">I califfi abbasidi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione I califfi abbasidi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: I califfi abbasidi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Califfi_abbasidi" title="Califfi abbasidi">Califfi abbasidi</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <div class="colonne_strette"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_l-Abbas_al-Saffah" title="Abu l-Abbas al-Saffah">Abū l-ʿAbbās al-Saffāḥ</a> (750-754)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">al-Manṣūr</a> (754-775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mahdi" title="Al-Mahdi">al-Mahdī</a> (775-785)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi">al-Hādī</a> (785-786)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C4%81r%C5%ABn_al-Rash%C4%ABd" title="Hārūn al-Rashīd">Hārūn ar-Rashīd</a> (786-809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Amin" title="Al-Amin">al-Amīn</a> (809-813)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%CA%BEm%C5%ABn" title="Al-Maʾmūn">al-Maʾmūn</a> (813-833)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tasim" title="Al-Mu'tasim">al-Muʿtasim</a> (833-842)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathiq" title="Al-Wathiq">al-Wāthiq</a> (842-847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil" title="Al-Mutawakkil">al-Mutawakkil</a> (847-861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muntasir" title="Al-Muntasir">al-Muntaṣir</a> (861-862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27in_(Abbaside_di_Samarra)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Musta'in (Abbaside di Samarra)">al-Mustaʿīn</a> (862-866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tazz" title="Al-Mu'tazz">al-Muʿtazz</a> (866-869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muhtadi" title="Al-Muhtadi">al-Muhtadī</a> (869-870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tamid_(abbaside)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mu'tamid (abbaside)">al-Muʿtamid</a> (870-892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%CA%BFta%E1%B8%8Did" title="Al-Muʿtaḍid">al-Muʿtaḍid</a> (892-902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muktafi" title="Al-Muktafi">al-Muktafī</a> (902-908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtadir_(abbaside)" title="Al-Muqtadir (abbaside)">al-Muqtadir</a> (908-932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qahir" title="Al-Qahir">al-Qāhir</a> (932-934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Radi" title="Al-Radi">al-Rādī</a> (934-940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muttaqi" title="Al-Muttaqi">al-Muttaqī</a> (940-944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustakfi" title="Al-Mustakfi">al-Mustakfī</a> (944-946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muti%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muti'">al-Mutīʿ</a> (946-974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ta%27i%27" title="Al-Ta'i'">al-Tāʾīʿ</a> (974-991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadir" title="Al-Qadir">al-Qādir</a> (991-1031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im" title="Al-Qa'im">al-Qāʾim</a> (1031-1075)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtadi" title="Al-Muqtadi">al-Muqtadī</a> (1075-1094)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustazhir" title="Al-Mustazhir">al-Mustazhir</a> (1094-1118)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustarshid" title="Al-Mustarshid">al-Mustarshid</a> (1118-1135)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rashid" title="Al-Rashid">al-Rāshid</a> (1135-1136)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtafi" title="Al-Muqtafi">al-Muqtafī</a> (1136-1160)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustanjid" title="Al-Mustanjid">al-Mustanjid</a> (1160-1170)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustadi%27" title="Al-Mustadi'">al-Mustadīʿ</a> (1170-1180)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nasir_li-din_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Nasir li-din Allah">al-Nāsir</a> (1180-1225)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahir" title="Al-Zahir">al-Ẓāhir</a> (1225-1226)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_(abbaside)" title="Al-Mustansir (abbaside)">al-Mustanṣir</a> (1226-1242)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27sim" title="Al-Musta'sim">al-Mustaʿṣim</a> (1242-1258)</li></ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linea_di_successione_dei_califfi_abbasidi_di_Baghdad">Linea di successione dei califfi abbasidi di Baghdad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Linea di successione dei califfi abbasidi di Baghdad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Linea di successione dei califfi abbasidi di Baghdad"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div align="center"> <div style="overflow:auto;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="font-size:100%;line-height:110%;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Muttalib_ibn_Hashim" title="Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim">ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim</a></span><br />*ca.497 †ca.578 </small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Muttalib">‘Abd Allāh</a></span><br />*544/5 †570 </small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><a href="/wiki/Al-%CA%BFAbb%C4%81s_ibn_%CA%BFAbd_al-Mu%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADalib" title="Al-ʿAbbās ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib">al-ʿAbbās</a></span><br />*566 †653 </small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><i><a href="/wiki/Maometto" title="Maometto">MAOMETTO</a></i></span><br />*ca.570 †632 </small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><a href="/wiki/%CA%BFAbd_All%C4%81h_ibn_%CA%BFAbb%C4%81s" title="ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās">ʿAbd Allāh</a></span><br />*... †690 </small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps">ʿAlī </span><br />*... †736</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_%27Ali_ibn_%27Abd_Allah" title="Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn 'Abd Allah">Muḥammad</a></span><br />*674 †743</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">AL-MANṢŪR</a></b></span><br />*712 †775</small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Abu_l-Abbas_al-Saffah" title="Abu l-Abbas al-Saffah">AL-SAFFĀḤ</a></b></span><br />*722 †754</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mahdi" title="Al-Mahdi">AL-MAHDĪ</a></b></span><br />* 743/5 †785</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi">AL-HĀDĪ</a></b></span><br />*764 †786 </small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/H%C4%81r%C5%ABn_al-Rash%C4%ABd" title="Hārūn al-Rashīd">HĀRŪN AL-RASHĪD</a></b></span><br />*766 †809 </small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%CA%BEm%C5%ABn" title="Al-Maʾmūn">al-Maʾmūn</a></b></span><br />*786 †833 </small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Amin" title="Al-Amin">al-Amin</a></b></span><br />*787 †813 </small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tasim" title="Al-Mu'tasim">al-Mu'tasim</a></b></span><br />*794 †842 </small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathiq" title="Al-Wathiq">al-Wathiq</a></b></span><br />* 812 †785</small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_al-Mu%27tasim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muḥammad al-Mu'tasim (la pagina non esiste)">al-Muʿtaṣim</a></span><br />* ca.820 †ca.850</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil" title="Al-Mutawakkil">Al-Mutawakkil</a></b></span><br />* 822 †861</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Muhtadi" title="Al-Muhtadi">AL-MUHTADĪ</a></b></span><br />*... †870</small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27in_(Abbaside_di_Samarra)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Musta'in (Abbaside di Samarra)">AL-MUSTA'ĪN</a></b></span><br />*836 †866</small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Muntasir" title="Al-Muntasir">AL-MUNTAṢIR</a></b></span><br />*837 †862</small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><a href="/wiki/Al-Muwaffaq" title="Al-Muwaffaq">ṬALḤA al-Muwaffaq</a></span><br />*842 †891</small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tamid_(Abbaside_di_Samarra)" title="Al-Mu'tamid (Abbaside di Samarra)">AL-MUʾTAMID</a></b></span><br />*844 †892</small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tazz" title="Al-Mu'tazz">AL-MU'TAZZ</a></b></span><br />*847 †869</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%CA%BFta%E1%B8%8Did" title="Al-Muʿtaḍid">AL-MU'TAḌID</a></b></span><br />*ca.857 †902</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Muktafi" title="Al-Muktafi">AL-MUKTAFĪ</a></b></span><br />*877/8 †908</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtadir_(abbaside)" title="Al-Muqtadir (abbaside)">AL-MUQTADIR</a></b></span><br />*895 †964</small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Qahir" title="Al-Qahir">AL-QĀHIR</a></b></span><br />*899 †934</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustakfi" title="Al-Mustakfi">AL-MUSTAKFI</a></b></span><br />*905 †946</small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Radi" title="Al-Radi">AL-RĀḌĪ</a></b></span><br />*907 †940</small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Muttaqi" title="Al-Muttaqi">AL-MUTTAQĪ</a></b></span><br />*908 †944</small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Muti%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muti'">AL-MUṬĪʿ</a></b></span><br />*914 †974</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadir" title="Al-Qadir">AL-QADIR</a></b></span><br />*947 †1031</small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Ta%27i%27" title="Al-Ta'i'">AL-TĀʾIʾ</a></b></span><br />*932 †1001</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im" title="Al-Qa'im">AL-QĀ'IM</a></b></span><br />*1001 †1075</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Dhakirat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Dhakirat (la pagina non esiste)">Muḥammad</a></span><br />*... †...</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtadi" title="Al-Muqtadi">AL-MUQTADI</a></b></span><br />*1056 †1094</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustazhir" title="Al-Mustazhir">AL-MUSTAẒHIR</a></b></span><br />*1078 †1118</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustarshid" title="Al-Mustarshid">AL-MUSTARSHID</a></b></span><br />*1092 †1135 </small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtafi" title="Al-Muqtafi">AL-MUQTAFÎ</a></b></span><br />*1096 †1160 </small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Rashid" title="Al-Rashid">AL-RÂSHID</a></b></span><br />*1109 †1138 </small></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustanjid" title="Al-Mustanjid">AL-MUSTANJID</a></b></span><br />*1124 †1171 </small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustadi%27" title="Al-Mustadi'">AL-MUSTAḌĪ'</a></b></span><br />*1142 †1180</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-N%C4%81%E1%B9%A3ir_li-d%C4%ABn_All%C4%81h" title="Al-Nāṣir li-dīn Allāh">AL-NĀṢIR</a></b></span><br />*1158 †1225</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahir" title="Al-Zahir">AL-ẒĀHIR</a></b></span><br />*1176 †1226</small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_(abbaside)" title="Al-Mustansir (abbaside)">AL-MUSTANṢIR</a></b></span><br />*1192 †1242 </small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid black;padding:0.2em;"><small><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27sim" title="Al-Musta'sim">AL-MUSTA'ṢIM</a></b></span><br />*1213 †1258 </small></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> </tbody></table></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I_Califfi_abbasidi_del_Cairo">I Califfi abbasidi del Cairo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione I Califfi abbasidi del Cairo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: I Califfi abbasidi del Cairo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Califfi_abbasidi_del_Cairo" title="Califfi abbasidi del Cairo">Califfi abbasidi del Cairo</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_(califfo_abbaside_del_Cairo)" title="Al-Mustansir (califfo abbaside del Cairo)">al-Mustanṣir</a> (1261)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_(califfo_abbaside_del_Cairo)" title="Al-Hakim (califfo abbaside del Cairo)">al-Hākim I</a> (1262-1302)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustakfi_(califfo_abbaside_del_Cairo)" title="Al-Mustakfi (califfo abbaside del Cairo)">al-Mustakfī I</a> (1302-1340)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathiq_(califfo_abbaside_del_Cairo)" title="Al-Wathiq (califfo abbaside del Cairo)">al-Wāthiq I</a> (1340-1341)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_II" title="Al-Hakim II">al-Hākim II</a> (1341-1352)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mu%27tadid_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mu'tadid I (la pagina non esiste)">al-Muʿtadid I</a> (1352-1362)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mutawakkil_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mutawakkil I (la pagina non esiste)">al-Mutawakkil I</a> (1362-1383)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Wathiq_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Wathiq II (la pagina non esiste)">al-Wāthiq II</a> (1383-1386)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mu%27tasim_(califfo_abbaside_del_Cairo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mu'tasim (califfo abbaside del Cairo) (la pagina non esiste)">al-Muʿtaṣim</a> (1386-1389)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mutawakkil_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mutawakkil I (la pagina non esiste)">al-Mutawakkil I</a> (1389-1406) (secondo regno)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27in_(califfo_abbaside_del_Cairo)" title="Al-Musta'in (califfo abbaside del Cairo)">al-Mustaʿīn</a> (1406-1414)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mu%27tadid_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mu'tadid II (la pagina non esiste)">al-Muʿtadid II</a> (1414-1441)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mustakfi_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mustakfi II (la pagina non esiste)">al-Mustakfī II</a> (1441-1451)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qa%27im_(califfo_abbaside_del_Cairo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Qa'im (califfo abbaside del Cairo) (la pagina non esiste)">al-Qāʾim</a> (1451-1455)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mustanjid_(califfo_abbaside_del_Cairo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mustanjid (califfo abbaside del Cairo) (la pagina non esiste)">al-Mustanjid</a> (1455-1479)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mutawakkil_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mutawakkil II (la pagina non esiste)">al-Mutawakkil II</a> (1479-1497)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mustamsik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mustamsik (la pagina non esiste)">al-Mustamsik</a> (1497-1508) e dal 1516 al 1517 come plenipotenziario del padre</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mutawakkil_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mutawakkil III (la pagina non esiste)">al-Mutawakkil III</a> (1508-1517)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBritannica" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Abbasid-caliphate"><span style="font-style:italic;">Abbasid caliphate</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. <small>URL consultato il 13 ottobre 2019</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFPatricia_Crone_e_Martin_Hinds,_1986">Patricia Crone e Martin Hinds, 1986</a></cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFJim_Al-Khalili,_2013">Jim Al-Khalili, 2013</a></cite>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFJim_Al-Khalili,_2013" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Al-Khalili" title="Jim Al-Khalili">Jim Al-Khalili</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">La casa della saggezza. L'epoca d'oro della scienza araba</span>, Torino, Bollati Boringhieri, 2013, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788833923116" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788833923116">9788833923116</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPatricia_Crone_e_Martin_Hinds,_1986" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Patricia Crone e Martin Hinds, <span style="font-style:italic;">God's caliph. Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam</span>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1986.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_K._Hitti,_1966" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Philip K. Hitti, <span style="font-style:italic;">Storia degli Arabi</span> [<span style="font-style:italic;">History of the Arabs</span>], Firenze, La Nuova Italia, 1966 <abbr title="Data di edizione originale">[1964]</abbr>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Malcolm_Holt,_Ann_K.S._Lambton_e_Bernard_Lewis,_1970" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a href="/wiki/Peter_Malcolm_Holt" title="Peter Malcolm Holt">Peter Malcolm Holt</a>, Ann K.S. Lambton e Bernard Lewis (a cura di), <span style="font-style:italic;">The Cambridge History of Islam</span>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1970.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHugh_N._Kennedy,_1986" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a href="/wiki/Hugh_N._Kennedy" title="Hugh N. Kennedy">Hugh N. Kennedy</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/prophetageofcali0000kenn_c3a8"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates</span></a>, Londra-New York, Longman, 1986.</cite></li> <li>(EN) Bonner, Michael (2010). "The waning of empire, 861–945". In Robinson, Chase F. (ed.). <i>The New Cambridge History of Islam</i>, Volume 1: <i>The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries</i>. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010, pp. 305–359. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9780521838238" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-83823-8</a>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFJulius_Wellhausen,_1902" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wellhausen" title="Julius Wellhausen">Julius Wellhausen</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dasarabischerei00wellgoog"><span style="font-style:italic;">Das arabische Reich und sein Sturz</span></a>, Berlino, G. Reimer, 1902.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_al-%E1%B8%A4ikma" title="Bayt al-Ḥikma">Bayt al-Ḥikma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Califfato" title="Califfato">Califfato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoca_d%27oro_islamica" title="Epoca d'oro islamica">Epoca d'oro islamica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivoluzione_abbaside" title="Rivoluzione abbaside">Rivoluzione abbaside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storia_dell%27Islam" title="Storia dell'Islam">Storia dell'Islam</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/califfato_abbaside" class="extiw" title="wikt:califfato abbaside">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Abbasid Caliphate"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Abbasid_Caliphate?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/califfato_abbaside" class="extiw" title="wikt:califfato abbaside">califfato abbaside</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Abbasid_Caliphate?uselang=it">califfato abbaside</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califfato_abbaside&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_di_storia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/abbasidi_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Abbasidi</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di storia</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2010.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12536#P6404" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSapere.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Abbàsidi.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Abbàsidi</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">sapere.it</span>, <a href="/wiki/De_Agostini" title="De Agostini">De Agostini</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12536#P6706" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Abbasid-caliphate"><span style="font-style:italic;">ʿAbbasid caliphate</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12536#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Iranica" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abbasid-caliphate"><span style="font-style:italic;">Abbasid Caliphate</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></span>, Ehsan Yarshater Center, Columbia University.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12536#P3021" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" 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.navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Dinastie_islamiche"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dinastie_islamiche" title="Template:Dinastie islamiche"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Dinastie_islamiche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Dinastie islamiche (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Dinastie_islamiche&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title">Dinastie <a href="/wiki/Stato_islamico" title="Stato islamico">islamiche</a> e <a href="/wiki/Sultano" title="Sultano">sultanati</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Califfato" title="Califfato">Califfati</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Califfato_dei_Rashidun" title="Califfato dei Rashidun">Califfato dei Rashidun</a> (632-661)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Califfato_omayyade" title="Califfato omayyade">Omayyadi</a> (661-750)<b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abbasidi</a> (750-1258)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fatimidi" title="Fatimidi">Fatimidi</a> (909-1171)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Africa</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:centre; width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhallabidi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhallabidi (la pagina non esiste)">Muhallabidi</a> (771-793)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rustumidi" title="Rustumidi">Rustumidi</a> (776-909)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Idrisidi" title="Idrisidi">Idrisidi</a> (788-985)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aghlabidi" title="Aghlabidi">Aghlabidi</a> (800-909)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ziridi" title="Ziridi">Ziridi</a> (973-1148)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hammadidi" title="Hammadidi">Hammadidi</a> (1014-1152)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Almoravidi" title="Almoravidi">Almoravidi</a> (1073-1147)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Almohadi" title="Almohadi">Almohadi</a> (1147-1269)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_hafside" title="Dinastia hafside">Dinastia hafside</a> (1229-1574)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zayyanidi" title="Zayyanidi">Zayyanidi</a> (1235-1556)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Merinidi" title="Merinidi">Merinidi</a> (1258-1420)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wattasidi" title="Wattasidi">Wattasidi</a> (1420-1547)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_sa%27diana" title="Dinastia sa'diana">Dinastia sa'diana</a> (1554-1659)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_alawide" title="Dinastia alawide">Dinastia alawide</a> (1660-oggi)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Husaynidi" title="Husaynidi">Husaynidi</a> (1705-1957)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Karamanli" title="Karamanli">Karamanli</a> (1711-1835)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Artuqidi" title="Artuqidi">Artuqidi</a> (1101-1409)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Buridi" title="Buridi">Buridi</a> (1104-1154)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:centre; width:8em;"><small>Africa orientale</small></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanato_di_Mogadiscio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanato di Mogadiscio (la pagina non esiste)">Sultanato di Mogadiscio</a> (X-XVI secolo)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanato_dello_Scioa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanato dello Scioa (la pagina non esiste)">Sultanato dello Scioa</a> (1180–1279)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_dell%27Ifat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanato dell'Ifat">Sultanato dell'Ifat</a> (XIII secolo)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Ualasm%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastia Ualasmà (la pagina non esiste)">Dinastia Ualasmà</a> (XIII-XVI secolo)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_degli_Uarsangheli" title="Sultanato degli Uarsangheli">Sultanato degli Uarsangheli</a> (1298–oggi)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Adal" title="Sultanato di Adal">Sultanato di Adal</a> (c. 1415–1555)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_degli_Agiuran" title="Sultanato degli Agiuran">Sultanato degli Agiuran</a> (XIV-XVII secolo)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Mudaito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastia Mudaito (la pagina non esiste)">Dinastia Mudaito</a> XVI secolo-oggi)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Harar" title="Sultanato di Harar">Sultanato di Harar</a> (1526–1577)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Imamato_di_Aussa" title="Imamato di Aussa">Imamato di Aussa</a> (1577–1672)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Emirato_di_Harar" title="Emirato di Harar">Emirato di Harar</a> (1647–1887)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Gheledi" title="Sultanato di Gheledi">Sultanato di Gheledi</a> (XVIII-XIX secolo)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_dei_Migiurtini" title="Sultanato dei Migiurtini">Sultanato dei Migiurtini</a> (XVIII secolo –Inizio del XX secolo)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regno_di_Gomma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regno di Gomma (la pagina non esiste)">Regno di Gomma</a> (Inizio XIXI secolo – 1886)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Regno_di_Jimma" title="Regno di Jimma">Regno di Jimma</a> (1830–1932)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regno_di_Gumma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regno di Gumma (la pagina non esiste)">Regno di Gumma</a> (1840–1902)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Obbia" title="Sultanato di Obbia">Sultanato di Obbia</a> (XIX secolo–1925)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:centre; width:8em;"><small>Africa centrale e occidentale</small></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Za&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastia Za (la pagina non esiste)">Dinastia Za</a> (XI secolo –1275)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Sayfawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastia Sayfawa (la pagina non esiste)">Dinastia Sayfawa</a> (1075–1846)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Impero_del_Mali" title="Impero del Mali">Impero del Mali</a> (c. 1230–c. 1600)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Keita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastia Keita (la pagina non esiste)">Dinastia Keita</a> (1235–c. 1670)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Impero_Songhai" title="Impero Songhai">Impero Songhai</a> (c. 1340–1591)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Impero_Wolof" title="Impero Wolof">Impero Wolof</a> (1350-1960)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Impero_di_Kanem-Bornu" title="Impero di Kanem-Bornu">Impero di Kanem-Bornu</a> (1396–1893)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Regno_di_Baguirmi" title="Regno di Baguirmi">Regno di Baguirmi</a> (1522–1897)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Regno_di_Dendi" title="Regno di Dendi">Regno di Dendi</a> (1591–1901)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Damagaram" title="Sultanato di Damagaram">Sultanato di Damagaram</a> (1731–1851)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Califfato_di_Sokoto" title="Califfato di Sokoto">Califfato di Sokoto</a> (1804–1903)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Impero_Toucouleur" title="Impero Toucouleur">Impero Toucouleur</a> (1836–1890)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:centre; width:8em;"><small>Area dei <br />grandi laghi</small></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanato_di_Pate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanato di Pate (la pagina non esiste)">Sultanato di Pate</a> (1203–1870)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Regno_di_Sennar" title="Regno di Sennar">Regno di Sennar</a> (1523–1821)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultani_di_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultani di Comoros (la pagina non esiste)">Sultani di Comoros</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Witu" title="Sultanato di Witu">Sultanato di Witu</a> (1858–1923)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Asia</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:centre; width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Mashrek" title="Mashrek">Mashrek</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Tulunidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulunidi">Tulunidi</a> (868-905)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hamdanidi" title="Hamdanidi">Hamdanidi</a> (890-1004)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ikhshididi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikhshididi">Ikhshididi</a> (935-969)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Uqaylidi" title="Uqaylidi">Uqaylidi</a> (990-1096)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zengidi" title="Zengidi">Zengidi</a> (1127-1250)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ayyubidi" title="Ayyubidi">Ayyubidi</a> (1171-1246)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Bahri" title="Dinastia Bahri">Dinastia Bahri</a> (1250-1382)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_burji" title="Dinastia burji">Dinastia burji</a> (1382-1517)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:centre; width:8em;"><small>Anatolia</small></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Mengugekidi" title="Mengugekidi">Mengugekidi</a> (1071-1277)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Saltuqidi" title="Saltuqidi">Saltuqidi</a> (1072-1202)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Shah-Arman" title="Shah-Arman">Shah-Arman</a> (1100-1207)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chobanidi" title="Chobanidi">Chobanidi</a> (1127-1309)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Perv%C3%A2neogullari" class="mw-redirect" title="Pervâneogullari">Pervâneogullari</a> (1261-1322)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mente%C5%9Fe" title="Menteşe">Menteşe</a> (1261-1424)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hamididi" title="Hamididi">Hamididi</a> (1280-1374)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Impero_ottomano" title="Impero ottomano">Impero ottomano</a> (1299-1922)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Isfendiyaridi" class="mw-redirect" title="Isfendiyaridi">Isfendiyaridi</a> (1300-1461)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sarukhanidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarukhanidi">Sarukhanidi</a> (1302-1410)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1nidi" title="Aydınidi">Aydınidi</a> (1307-1425)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ramazanidi" title="Ramazanidi">Ramazanidi</a> (1352-1516)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akhts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akhts (la pagina non esiste)">Akhts</a> (1380-1362)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:centre; width:8em;"><small>Persia e Asia centrale</small></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Shirvanshah" title="Shirvanshah">Shirvanshah</a> (799-1579)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dulafidi" title="Dulafidi">Dulafidi</a> (IX secolo)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Impero_samanide" title="Impero samanide">Samanidi</a> (819-999)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tahiridi" title="Tahiridi">Tahiridi</a> (821-873)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Saffaridi" title="Saffaridi">Saffaridi</a> (861-1003)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sagidi" title="Sagidi">Sagidi</a> (889-929)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavidi" title="Ghaznavidi">Ghaznavidi</a> (977-1186)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ghuridi" title="Ghuridi">Ghuridi</a> (VIII secolo-1215)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Farighunidi" title="Farighunidi">Farighunidi</a> (XI secolo)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%27danidi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ma'danidi (la pagina non esiste)">Ma'danidi</a> (IX-XI secolo)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ormus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ormus">Ormus</a> (X-XVII secolo)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_sallaride" title="Dinastia sallaride">Sallaridi</a> (942-979)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Shaddadidi" title="Shaddadidi">Shaddadidi</a> (951-1199)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rawadidi" title="Rawadidi">Rawadidi</a> (955-1071)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Annazidi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annazidi (la pagina non esiste)">Annazidi</a> (990-1116)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadhabani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hadhabani (la pagina non esiste)">Hadhabani</a> (XI secolo)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Selgiuchidi" title="Selgiuchidi">Selgiuchidi</a> (XI-XIV secolo)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Impero_selgiuchide" class="mw-redirect" title="Impero selgiuchide">Impero selgiuchide</a> (1037-1194)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Impero_corasmio" title="Impero corasmio">Corasmi</a> (1077-1231)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hazaraspidi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hazaraspidi (la pagina non esiste)">Hazaraspidi</a> (1148-1424)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khorshididi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khorshididi (la pagina non esiste)">Khorshididi</a> (1155-1597)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mihrabanidi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihrabanidi (la pagina non esiste)">Mihrabanidi</a> (1236-1537)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Muzaffaridi" title="Muzaffaridi">Muzaffaridi</a> (1335-1393)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:centre; width:8em;"><small>India</small></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:centre; width:8em;"><small>Nord</small></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Mamelucchi_di_Delhi" title="Mamelucchi di Delhi">Mamelucchi di Delhi</a> (1206-1290)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Khalji" title="Khalji">Khalji</a> (1290-1320)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tughlaq" title="Tughlaq">Tughlaq</a> (1321-1398)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Shah_Mir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastia Shah Mir (la pagina non esiste)">Shah Mir</a> (1339-1561)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Sayyid" title="Dinastia Sayyid">Sayyid</a> (1414-1451)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Lodi" title="Dinastia Lodi">Lodi</a> (1451-1526)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Moghul" title="Moghul">Moghul</a> (1526-1857)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:centre; width:8em;"><small>Centro-sud</small></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Adil_Shahi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastia Adil Shahi (la pagina non esiste)">Adil Shahi</a> (1490-1686)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Qutb_Shahi" title="Dinastia Qutb Shahi">Qutb Shahi</a> (1512-1687)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Ahmadnagar" title="Sultanato di Ahmadnagar">Nizam Shahi</a> (1490-1636)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Bahmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanato di Bahmani">Sultanato di Bahmani</a> (1347-1518)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Bijapur" title="Sultanato di Bijapur">Sultanato di Bijapur</a> (1489-1686)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Bidar" title="Sultanato di Bidar">Sultanato di Bidar</a> (1492-1619)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Berar" title="Sultanato di Berar">Sultanato di Berar</a> (1490-1572)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:centre; width:8em;"><small>India Orientale - Bangladesh</small></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanato_del_Bengala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanato del Bengala (la pagina non esiste)">Sultanato del Bengala</a> (1352-1576)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Hussain_Shahi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastia Hussain Shahi (la pagina non esiste)">Hussain Shahi</a> (1494-1538)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Ilyas_Shahi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastia Ilyas Shahi (la pagina non esiste)">Dinastia Ilyas Shahi</a> (1490-1636)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:centre; width:8em;"><small>Sud-est <br />asiatico</small></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanato_di_Kelantan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanato di Kelantan (la pagina non esiste)">Sultanato di Kelantan</a> (1267–oggi)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Kedah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanato di Kedah">Sultanato di Kedah</a> (1136–oggi)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasai (la pagina non esiste)">Pasai</a> (1267-oggi)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasai (la pagina non esiste)">Pasai</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> (IV secolo–oggi)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanati_di_Malacca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanati di Malacca (la pagina non esiste)">Sultanati di Malacca</a> (1402–1511)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Cirebon" title="Sultanato di Cirebon">Sultanato di Cirebon</a> (1445–1677)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Tidore" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanato di Tidore">Sultanato di Tidore</a> (1450–1904)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Sulu" title="Sultanato di Sulu">Sultanato di Sulu</a> (1450–1936)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanato_di_Pajang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanato di Pajang (la pagina non esiste)">Sultanato di Pajang</a> (1470–oggi)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Ternate" title="Sultanato di Ternate">Sultanato di Ternate</a> (1465–oggi)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Demak" title="Sultanato di Demak">Sultanato di Demak</a> (1475–1518)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Aceh" title="Sultanato di Aceh">Sultanato di Aceh</a> (1496–1903)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Regno_di_Maynila" title="Regno di Maynila">Regno di Maynila</a> (1500s–1571)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Mataram" title="Sultanato di Mataram">Sultanato di Mataram</a> (1500s–1700s)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regno_Pattani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regno Pattani (la pagina non esiste)">Regno Pattani</a> (1516–1771)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Maguindanao" title="Sultanato di Maguindanao">Sultanato di Maguindanao</a> (1520–c. 1800)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Banten" title="Sultanato di Banten">Sultanato di Banten</a> (1526–1813)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanato_di_Perak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanato di Perak (la pagina non esiste)">Sultanato di Perak</a> (1528–oggi)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Johor" title="Sultanato di Johor">Sultanato di Johor</a> (1528–oggi)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Regno_di_Pajang" title="Regno di Pajang">Regno di Pajang</a> (1568–1586)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanato_di_Singora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanato di Singora (la pagina non esiste)">Sultanato di Singora</a> (1605–1680)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Deli" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanato di Deli">Sultanato di Deli</a> (1632–1946)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Sambas" title="Sultanato di Sambas">Sultanato di Sambas</a> (1671–1950)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanato_di_Terengganu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanato di Terengganu (la pagina non esiste)">Sultanato di Terengganu</a> (1725–oggi)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Siak_Sri_Indrapura" title="Sultanato di Siak Sri Indrapura">Sultanato di Siak Sri Indrapura</a> (1725–1946)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanato_di_Selangor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanato di Selangor (la pagina non esiste)">Sultanato di Selangor</a> (metà del XVIII secolo–oggi)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Gowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanato di Gowa">Sultanato di Gowa</a> (1593–1960)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanato_di_Surakarta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanato di Surakarta (la pagina non esiste)">Sultanato di Surakarta</a> (1745–oggi)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Regno di Aman</a> (1485–1832)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Yogyakarta" title="Sultanato di Yogyakarta">Sultanato di Yogyakarta</a> (1755–oggi)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_di_Riau-Lingga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanato di Riau-Lingga">Sultanato di Riau-Lingga</a> (1824–1911)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Europa</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Califfato_di_Cordova" title="Califfato di Cordova">Califfato di Cordova</a> (929-1031)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Emirato_di_Creta" title="Emirato di Creta">Emirato di Creta</a> (820–961)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Emirato_di_Sicilia" title="Emirato di Sicilia">Emirato di Sicilia</a> (948-1091)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Khanato_di_Avar" title="Khanato di Avar">Khanato di Avar</a> (XIII–XIX secolo)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Khanato_di_Kazan%27" title="Khanato di Kazan'">Khanato di Kazan'</a> (1438–1552)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Khanato_di_Crimea" title="Khanato di Crimea">Khanato di Crimea</a> (1441–1783)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Orda_Nogai" title="Orda Nogai">Orda Nogai</a> (1440–1634)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Khanato_di_Qasim" title="Khanato di Qasim">Khanato di Qasim</a> (1452–1681)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Khanato_di_Astrachan%27" title="Khanato di Astrachan'">Khanato di Astrachan'</a> (1466–1556)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Khanato_di_Sibir" title="Khanato di Sibir">Khanato di Sibir</a> (1490–1598)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pascialato_di_Scutari" title="Pascialato di Scutari">Pascialato di Scutari</a> (1757–1831)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pascialato_di_Berat" title="Pascialato di Berat">Pascialato di Berat</a> (1774–1809)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pascialato_di_Giannina" title="Pascialato di Giannina">Pascialato di Giannina</a> (1788–1822)</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314"><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Guerre_di_espansione_islamica"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guerre_di_espansione_islamica" title="Template:Guerre di espansione islamica"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Guerre_di_espansione_islamica" title="Discussioni template:Guerre di espansione islamica"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Guerre_di_espansione_islamica&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title">Guerre di <a href="/wiki/Espansione_islamica" title="Espansione islamica">espansione islamica</a> (622-IX secolo)</span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Maometto" title="Maometto">Maometto</a> (622-632)<br /><a href="/wiki/Emigrati_(musulmani)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emigrati (musulmani)">Emigrati</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ausiliari_(musulmani)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ausiliari (musulmani)">Ausiliari</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Spedizione_di_%E1%B8%A4amza_ibn_%CA%BFAbd_al-Mu%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADalib" title="Spedizione di Ḥamza ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib">Spedizione di Ḥamza ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Prima_spedizione_di_Badr" title="Prima spedizione di Badr">Prima spedizione di Badr</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spedizione_di_Buwat" title="Spedizione di Buwat">Spedizione di Buwat</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spedizione_di_Dhu_Al-Ushairah" title="Spedizione di Dhu Al-Ushairah">Spedizione di Dhu Al-Ushairah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spedizione_di_Waddan" title="Spedizione di Waddan">Spedizione di Waddan</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Badr" title="Battaglia di Badr">Battaglia di Badr</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Incursione_di_Al_Kudr" title="Incursione di Al Kudr">Incursione di Al Kudr</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Invasione_di_Sawiq" title="Invasione di Sawiq">Invasione di Sawiq</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Invasione_di_Banu_Qaynuqa" title="Invasione di Banu Qaynuqa">Invasione di Banu Qaynuqa</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scorreria_di_Dhu_Amar" title="Scorreria di Dhu Amar">Scorreria di Dhu Amar</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Invasione_di_Buhran" title="Invasione di Buhran">Invasione di Buhran</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Uhud" class="mw-redirect" title="Battaglia di Uhud">Battaglia di Uhud</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Hamra_al-Asad" title="Battaglia di Hamra al-Asad">Battaglia di Hamra al-Asad</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Invasione_di_Banu_Nadir" title="Invasione di Banu Nadir">Invasione di Banu Nadir</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spedizione_di_Badr_al-Maw%27id" title="Spedizione di Badr al-Maw'id">Spedizione di Badr al-Maw'id</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spedizione_di_Dhat_al-Riqa" title="Spedizione di Dhat al-Riqa">Spedizione di Dhat al-Riqa</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spedizione_di_Dumat_al-Jandal" title="Spedizione di Dumat al-Jandal">Spedizione di Dumat al-Jandal</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_del_Fossato" title="Battaglia del Fossato">Battaglia del Fossato</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assedio_di_Banu_Qurayza" title="Assedio di Banu Qurayza">Assedio di Banu Qurayza</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spedizione_di_al-Muraysi%27" title="Spedizione di al-Muraysi'">Spedizione di al-Muraysi'</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Invasione_di_Banu_Lahyan" title="Invasione di Banu Lahyan">Invasione di Banu Lahyan</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Accordo_di_al-Hudaybiyya" title="Accordo di al-Hudaybiyya">Accordo di al-Hudaybiyya</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Conquista_di_Fadak" title="Conquista di Fadak">Conquista di Fadak</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Conquista_di_Khaybar" title="Conquista di Khaybar">Conquista di Khaybar</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglie_del_Wadi_al-Qura" title="Battaglie del Wadi al-Qura">Battaglie del Wadi al-Qura</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Mu%27ta" title="Battaglia di Mu'ta">Battaglia di Mu'ta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Conquista_della_Mecca" title="Conquista della Mecca">Conquista della Mecca</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Hunayn" title="Battaglia di Hunayn">Battaglia di Hunayn</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spedizione_di_Tabuk" title="Spedizione di Tabuk">Spedizione di Tabuk</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Autas" title="Battaglia di Autas">Battaglia di Autas</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assedio_di_Ta%27if" title="Assedio di Ta'if">Assedio di Ta'if</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scontro_di_Dhat_Atlah" title="Scontro di Dhat Atlah">Scontro di Dhat Atlah</a></td><td rowspan="5" class="navbox_image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_and_Crescent.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Islam"><img alt="Islam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/100px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/150px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/200px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="216" /></a><figcaption>Islam</figcaption></figure><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg/250px-Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg/375px-Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg/500px-Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="413" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Califfato_dei_Rashidun" title="Califfato dei Rashidun">Califfato dei Rashidun</a><br />(632-661)</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Guerre_della_ridda" title="Guerre della ridda">Guerre della ridda</a> (632-633)</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Zhu_Qissa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Zhu Qissa (la pagina non esiste)">Zhu Qissa</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Buzakha" title="Battaglia di Buzakha">Buzakha</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Ghamra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Ghamra (la pagina non esiste)">Ghamra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Naqra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Naqra (la pagina non esiste)">Naqra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Zafar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Zafar (la pagina non esiste)">Zafar</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_%27Aqraba%27" title="Battaglia di 'Aqraba'">'Aqraba'</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Dumat_al-Jandal" title="Battaglia di Dumat al-Jandal">Dumat al-Jandal</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Aswad_al-Ansi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Aswad al-Ansi (la pagina non esiste)">Ribellione di Al-Aswad al-Ansi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_Mahra_di_Qishn_e_Socotra#Storia" title="Sultanato Mahra di Qishn e Socotra">Ribellione di Mahra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Dibba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Dibba (la pagina non esiste)">Dibba</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hahdramaut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hahdramaut (la pagina non esiste)">Hahdramaut</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ribellione_in_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ribellione in Yemen (la pagina non esiste)">Ribellione in Yemen</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Conquista_islamica_della_Persia" title="Conquista islamica della Persia">Conquista islamica della Persia</a> (632-654)</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Dhat_al-Salasil" title="Battaglia di Dhat al-Salasil">Battaglia di Dhat al-Salasil</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_del_Fiume" title="Battaglia del Fiume">Battaglia del Fiume</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_al-Walaja" title="Battaglia di al-Walaja">Battaglia di al-Walaja</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Ullays" title="Battaglia di Ullays">Battaglia di Ullays</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_al-Hira" title="Battaglia di al-Hira">Battaglia di al-Hira</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_al-Anbar" title="Battaglia di al-Anbar">Battaglia di al-Anbar</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_%27Ayn_al-Tamr" title="Battaglia di 'Ayn al-Tamr">Battaglia di 'Ayn al-Tamr</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Husayd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Husayd (la pagina non esiste)">Battaglia di Husayd</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Mudayyah" title="Battaglia di Mudayyah">Battaglia di Mudayyah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Saniyy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Saniyy (la pagina non esiste)">Battaglia di Saniyy</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Zumail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Zumail (la pagina non esiste)">Battaglia di Zumail</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Firad" title="Battaglia di Firad">Battaglia di Firad</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Babilonia_(634)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Babilonia (634) (la pagina non esiste)">Battaglia di Babilonia (634)</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Namaraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Namaraq (la pagina non esiste)">Battaglia di Namaraq</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Kaskar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Kaskar (la pagina non esiste)">Battaglia di Kaskar</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_del_Ponte" title="Battaglia del Ponte">Battaglia del Ponte</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Buwaib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Buwaib (la pagina non esiste)">Battaglia di Buwaib</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_al-Qadisiyya" title="Battaglia di al-Qadisiyya">Battaglia di al-Qadisiyya</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Burs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Burs (la pagina non esiste)">Battaglia di Burs</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Babilonia_(636)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Babilonia (636) (la pagina non esiste)">Battaglia di Babilonia (636)</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assedio_di_Ctesifonte_(637)" title="Assedio di Ctesifonte (637)">Assedio di Ctesifonte (637)</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Jalula" title="Battaglia di Jalula">Battaglia di Jalula</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Assedio_di_Shushtar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Assedio di Shushtar (la pagina non esiste)">Assedio di Shushtar</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Assedio_di_Gundishapur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Assedio di Gundishapur (la pagina non esiste)">Assedio di Gundishapur</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Bayrudh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Bayrudh (la pagina non esiste)">Battaglia di Bayrudh</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Nihavand" title="Battaglia di Nihavand">Battaglia di Nihavand</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Esfahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Esfahan (la pagina non esiste)">Battaglia di Esfahan</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Waj_Rudh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Waj Rudh (la pagina non esiste)">Battaglia di Waj Rudh</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Rey_(651)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Rey (651) (la pagina non esiste)">Battaglia di Rey (651)</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Bishapur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Bishapur (la pagina non esiste)">Battaglia di Bishapur</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Istakhr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Istakhr (la pagina non esiste)">Battaglia di Istakhr</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_del_fiume_Oxus" title="Battaglia del fiume Oxus">Battaglia del fiume Oxus</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Nishapur_(652)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Nishapur (652) (la pagina non esiste)">Battaglia di Nishapur (652)</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assedio_di_Herat_(652)" title="Assedio di Herat (652)">Assedio di Herat (652)</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Badghis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Badghis (la pagina non esiste)">Battaglia di Badghis</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Conquista_islamica_della_Siria" title="Conquista islamica della Siria">Conquista islamica della Siria</a> (634-638)</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Qartin" title="Battaglia di Qartin">Qartin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Bosra_(634)" title="Battaglia di Bosra (634)">Bosra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Ajnadayn" title="Battaglia di Ajnadayn">Ajnadayn</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Marj_Rahit" title="Battaglia di Marj Rahit">Marj Rahit</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Fahl" title="Battaglia di Fahl">Fahl</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Marj_al-Suffar_(634)" title="Battaglia di Marj al-Suffar (634)">Marj al-Ṣuffar</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Conquista_di_Damasco" title="Conquista di Damasco">Damasco</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Marj_al-Dibaj" title="Battaglia di Marj al-Dibaj">Marj al-Dībāj</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assedio_di_Emesa" title="Assedio di Emesa">Emesa</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_dello_Yarmuk" title="Battaglia dello Yarmuk">Yarmuk</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assedio_di_Gerusalemme_(637)" title="Assedio di Gerusalemme (637)">Gerusalemme</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Hazir" title="Battaglia di Hazir">Hazir</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assedio_di_Aleppo" title="Assedio di Aleppo">Aleppo</a><b> ·</b></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Conquista_islamica_dell%27Egitto" title="Conquista islamica dell'Egitto">Conquista islamica dell'Egitto</a> (641-654)</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assedio_della_fortezza_di_Babilonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Assedio della fortezza di Babilonia (la pagina non esiste)">Fortezza di Babilonia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Eliopoli" title="Battaglia di Eliopoli">Heliopolis</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Nikiou" title="Battaglia di Nikiou">Nikiou</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Assedio_di_Alessandria_d%27Egitto_(641)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Assedio di Alessandria d'Egitto (641) (la pagina non esiste)">Alessandria</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/VII_secolo" title="VII secolo">VII secolo</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Conquista_omayyade_del_Maghreb" title="Conquista omayyade del Maghreb">Conquista omayyade del Maghreb</a> (647-709)</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Cartagine_(698)" title="Battaglia di Cartagine (698)">Battaglia di Cartagine (698)</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Guerre_arabo-bizantine" title="Guerre arabo-bizantine">Guerre arabo-bizantine</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Conquista_araba_dell%27Anatolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquista araba dell'Anatolia">Conquista araba dell'Anatolia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_del_ponte_di_ferro" title="Battaglia del ponte di ferro">Ponte di ferro</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assedio_di_Marash" title="Assedio di Marash">Kahramanmaraş</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Dh%C4%81t_al-saw%C4%81r%C4%AB" title="Battaglia di Dhāt al-sawārī">Dhāt al-sawārī</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assedio_di_Costantinopoli_(674)" title="Assedio di Costantinopoli (674)">1° Costantinopoli</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_navale_di_Syllaeum" title="Battaglia navale di Syllaeum">Syllaeum</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battaglia_di_Sebastopoli_(692)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battaglia di Sebastopoli (692) (la pagina non esiste)">Sebastopoli</a><b> ·</b></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Conquista_islamica_della_Transoxiana" title="Conquista islamica della Transoxiana">Conquista islamica della Transoxiana</a></th><td colspan="1">Campagne di <a href="/wiki/Ziyad_ibn_Abihi" title="Ziyad ibn Abihi">Ziyad ibn Abihi</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabi_ibn_Ziyad_al-Harithi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabi ibn Ziyad al-Harithi (la pagina non esiste)">Rabi ibn Ziyad al-Harithi</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/VIII_secolo" title="VIII secolo">VIII secolo</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Guerre_arabo-bizantine" title="Guerre arabo-bizantine">Guerre arabo-bizantine</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Assedio_di_Tyana" title="Assedio di Tyana">Tyana</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assedio_di_Costantinopoli_(717)" title="Assedio di Costantinopoli (717)">2° Costantinopoli</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assedio_di_Nicea_(727)" title="Assedio di Nicea (727)">Nicea</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Akroinon" title="Battaglia di Akroinon">Akroinon</a> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Keramaia" title="Battaglia di Keramaia">Keramaia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assedio_di_Kamacha_(766)" title="Assedio di Kamacha (766)">Kamacha</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Invasione_abbaside_dell%27Asia_Minore_(782)" title="Invasione abbaside dell'Asia Minore (782)">Invasione abbaside del 782</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Kopidnadon" title="Battaglia di Kopidnadon">Kopidnadon</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Krasos" title="Battaglia di Krasos">Krasos</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Conquista_islamica_della_Transoxiana" title="Conquista islamica della Transoxiana">Conquista islamica della Transoxiana</a></th><td colspan="1">Campagne di <a href="/wiki/Qutayba_ibn_Muslim" title="Qutayba ibn Muslim">Qutayba ibn Muslim</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Conquista_islamica_della_penisola_iberica" title="Conquista islamica della penisola iberica">Conquista islamica della penisola iberica</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Battaglia_del_Guadalete" title="Battaglia del Guadalete">Battaglia del Guadalete</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Assedio_di_Cordova_(711)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Assedio di Cordova (711) (la pagina non esiste)">Assedio di Cordova (711)</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasione_islamica_della_Gallia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasione islamica della Gallia (la pagina non esiste)">Invasione islamica della Gallia</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Tolosa_(721)" title="Battaglia di Tolosa (721)">Battaglia di Tolosa</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Poitiers_(732)" title="Battaglia di Poitiers (732)">Battaglia di Poitiers (732)</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/IX_secolo" title="IX secolo">IX secolo</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Conquista_islamica_della_Sicilia" title="Conquista islamica della Sicilia">Conquista islamica della Sicilia</a><br />(827–902)</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Assedio_di_Siracusa_(827)" title="Assedio di Siracusa (827)">Assedio di Siracusa del 827</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assedio_di_Siracusa_(878)" title="Assedio di Siracusa (878)">Assedio di Siracusa del 878</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Guerre_arabo-bizantine" title="Guerre arabo-bizantine">Guerre arabo-bizantine</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Invasione_abbaside_dell%27Asia_Minore_(806)" title="Invasione abbaside dell'Asia Minore (806)">Invasione abbaside del 806</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Anzen" title="Battaglia di Anzen">Anzen</a> e <a href="/wiki/Sacco_di_Amorio" title="Sacco di Amorio">Amorio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Mauropotamos" title="Battaglia di Mauropotamos">Mauropotamos</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assedio_di_Faruriyyah" title="Assedio di Faruriyyah">Faruriyyah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Lalakaon" title="Battaglia di Lalakaon">Lalakaon</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Bathys_Ryax" title="Battaglia di Bathys Ryax">Bathys Ryax</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" class="navbox_abovebelow"><a href="/wiki/Storia_dei_paesi_islamici" class="mw-redirect" title="Storia dei paesi islamici">Storia dei paesi islamici</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mondo_islamico" title="Mondo islamico">Mondo islamico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/D%C4%81r_al-Isl%C4%81m" title="Dār al-Islām">Dār al-Islām</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sariyya" title="Sariyya">Sariyya</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen 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