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War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rapid_growth,_Jameson_Raid_and_the_Second_Boer_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Union_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Union_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Post-Union history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Union_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twenty-first_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twenty-first_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Twenty-first century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twenty-first_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Parks and gardens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Retail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Retail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Law and government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Law_and_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Law and government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Law_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Crime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums_and_galleries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_galleries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Museums and galleries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_galleries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entertainment_and_performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment_and_performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Entertainment and performing arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment_and_performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Public art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture_and_urbanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture_and_urbanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Architecture and urbanism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture_and_urbanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus_and_taxi_transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus_and_taxi_transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>Bus and taxi transit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus_and_taxi_transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.3</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.4</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.5</span> <span>Freight</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Telecommunication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telecommunication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Telecommunication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telecommunication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partner_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partner_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Partner cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partner_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Johannesburg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 150 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-150" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">150 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%86%E1%88%83%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5%E1%89%A0%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%8D" title="ጆሃንስበርግ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጆሃንስበርግ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="جوهانسبرغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جوهانسبرغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburgo" title="Johannesburgo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Johannesburgo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AF" title="Ճոհանեսպուրկ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ճոհանեսպուրկ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C2%B7ohanesb%C3%B4rg" title="J·ohanesbôrg – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="J·ohanesbôrg" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburgu" title="Johannesburgu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Johannesburgu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburgo" title="Johannesburgo – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Johannesburgo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yohannesburq" title="Yohannesburq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yohannesburq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82" title="ژوهانسبورق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژوهانسبورق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="জোহানেসবার্গ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জোহানেসবার্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Йоханнесбург – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йоханнесбург" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Яганэсбург – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Яганэсбург" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Яганэсбург – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Яганэсбург" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Йоханесбург – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йоханесбург" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Йоханнесбург – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йоханнесбург" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Johannesburg (kapital sa lalawigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Johannesburg (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ola_Haag%C3%A9%C3%A9d_(Naakaii_%C5%81izhin%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah)" title="Óola Haagééd (Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyah) – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Óola Haagééd (Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyah)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Γιοχάνεσμπουργκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιοχάνεσμπουργκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburgo" title="Johannesburgo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Johannesburgo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johanesburgo" title="Johanesburgo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Johanesburgo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="ژوهانسبورگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژوهانسبورگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesbourg" title="Johannesbourg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Johannesbourg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehannesburch_(S%C3%BAd-Afrika)" title="Jehannesburch (Súd-Afrika) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jehannesburch (Súd-Afrika)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xohanesburgo" title="Xohanesburgo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xohanesburgo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌹𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌹𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%ED%95%98%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4%EB%B2%84%EA%B7%B8" title="요하네스버그 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요하네스버그" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Յոհաննեսբուրգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յոհաննեսբուրգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="जोहान्सबर्ग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जोहान्सबर्ग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Йоханнесбург – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Йоханнесбург" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/EGoli" title="EGoli – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="EGoli" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGoli_(idolobha)" title="IGoli (idolobha) – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IGoli (idolobha)" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3hannesarborg" title="Jóhannesarborg – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jóhannesarborg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92" title="יוהנסבורג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוהנסבורג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yowan%C9%9Bs%C9%A9buuri" title="Yowanɛsɩbuuri – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Yowanɛsɩbuuri" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜೊಹ್ಯಾನಿಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೊಹ್ಯಾನಿಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="იოჰანესბურგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იოჰანესბურგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Йоханнесбург – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Йоханнесбург" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Йоханнесбург – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Йоханнесбург" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannesburgum" title="Ioannesburgum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannesburgum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburga" title="Johannesburga – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Johannesburga" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesbuerg" title="Johannesbuerg – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Johannesbuerg" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Йогьаннесбург – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Йогьаннесбург" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johanesburgas" title="Johanesburgas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Johanesburgas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Јоханесбург – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јоханесбург" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="ജൊഹാനസ്‌ബർഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജൊഹാനസ്‌ബർഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoanip%C4%81ka" title="Hoanipāka – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hoanipāka" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="जोहान्सबर्ग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जोहान्सबर्ग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="جوهانسبيرج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوهانسبيرج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="جهانسبورگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جهانسبورگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Йоганнэсбург – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Йоганнэсбург" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Йоханнесбург – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Йоханнесбург" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%94%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%97%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဂျိုဟန္နက်စဗတ်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျိုဟန္နက်စဗတ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="जोहन्नेस्बर्ग – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जोहन्नेस्बर्ग" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%8F%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B0" title="ヨハネスブルグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨハネスブルグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Йоханнесбург – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Йоханнесбург" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Йоханнесбург – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Йоханнесбург" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoxannesburg" title="Yoxannesburg – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yoxannesburg" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਜੋਹਾਨਿਸਬਰਗ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੋਹਾਨਿਸਬਰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="جوہانسبرگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جوہانسبرگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanesburgo" title="Joanesburgo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Joanesburgo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Йоханнесбург – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Йоханнесбург" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Йоханнесбург – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Йоханнесбург" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱡᱚᱦᱟᱱᱥᱵᱟᱨᱜᱽ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱚᱦᱟᱱᱥᱵᱟᱨᱜᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJohannesburg" title="IJohannesburg – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IJohannesburg" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%86%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="جۆھانسبێرگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جۆھانسبێرگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Јоханезбург – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јоханезбург" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburgo" title="Johannesburgo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Johannesburgo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜோகானஸ்பேர்க் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜோகானஸ்பேர்க்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yohannesburg" title="Yohannesburg – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Yohannesburg" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81" title="โจฮันเนสเบิร์ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โจฮันเนสเบิร์ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Йоҳаннесбург – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Йоҳаннесбург" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Йоганнесбург – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Йоганнесбург" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="جوہانسبرگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جوہانسبرگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yohann%C3%A9sburg" title="Yohannésburg – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Yohannésburg" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" title="约翰内斯堡 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约翰内斯堡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joni" title="Joni – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Joni" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92" title="יאהאנעסבורג – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יאהאנעסבורג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" title="約翰尼斯堡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="約翰尼斯堡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johanesburgo" title="Johanesburgo – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Johanesburgo" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" title="约翰内斯堡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约翰内斯堡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg – South Ndebele" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Johannesburg" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="South Ndebele" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34647#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Johannesburg (disambiguation)">Johannesburg (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"eGoli" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Goli_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Goli (disambiguation)">Goli (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egoli_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Egoli (disambiguation)">Egoli (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Gauteng, South Africa</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Johannesburg</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>: <i lang="zu">eGoli</i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Khoekhoe_language" title="Khoekhoe language">Khoekhoe</a>: <i lang="naq">!Huni //hÄb</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">City of Johannesburg</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style 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.tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="height:80px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Johannesburg_CBD_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Johannesburg_CBD_%28cropped%29.jpg/278px-Johannesburg_CBD_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Johannesburg_CBD_%28cropped%29.jpg/417px-Johannesburg_CBD_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Johannesburg_CBD_%28cropped%29.jpg/556px-Johannesburg_CBD_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="1056" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_CBD" title="Johannesburg CBD">Johannesburg CBD</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div style="height:84px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:9_2_228_0069-Art_Gallery2-Johannesburg-s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/9_2_228_0069-Art_Gallery2-Johannesburg-s.jpg/90px-9_2_228_0069-Art_Gallery2-Johannesburg-s.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/9_2_228_0069-Art_Gallery2-Johannesburg-s.jpg/135px-9_2_228_0069-Art_Gallery2-Johannesburg-s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/9_2_228_0069-Art_Gallery2-Johannesburg-s.jpg/180px-9_2_228_0069-Art_Gallery2-Johannesburg-s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1409" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Art_Gallery" title="Johannesburg Art Gallery">Johannesburg Art Gallery</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:186px;max-width:186px"><div style="height:84px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Johannesburg_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Johannesburg_Skyline.jpg/184px-Johannesburg_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Johannesburg_Skyline.jpg/276px-Johannesburg_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Johannesburg_Skyline.jpg/368px-Johannesburg_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2487" data-file-height="1145" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Hillbrow_Tower" title="Hillbrow Tower">Hillbrow Tower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ponte_City" title="Ponte City">Ponte City</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandela_Bridge,_Johannesburg,_Gauteng,_South_Africa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mandela_Bridge%2C_Johannesburg%2C_Gauteng%2C_South_Africa.jpg/137px-Mandela_Bridge%2C_Johannesburg%2C_Gauteng%2C_South_Africa.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mandela_Bridge%2C_Johannesburg%2C_Gauteng%2C_South_Africa.jpg/206px-Mandela_Bridge%2C_Johannesburg%2C_Gauteng%2C_South_Africa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mandela_Bridge%2C_Johannesburg%2C_Gauteng%2C_South_Africa.jpg/274px-Mandela_Bridge%2C_Johannesburg%2C_Gauteng%2C_South_Africa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Bridge" title="Nelson Mandela Bridge">Nelson Mandela Bridge</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Uruguay_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Uruguay_Ghana.jpg/137px-FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Uruguay_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Uruguay_Ghana.jpg/206px-FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Uruguay_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Uruguay_Ghana.jpg/274px-FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Uruguay_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/FNB_Stadium" title="FNB Stadium">FNB Stadium</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"><div style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Wits_University_East_Campus_(archived).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Wits_University_East_Campus_%28archived%29.jpg/177px-The_Wits_University_East_Campus_%28archived%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Wits_University_East_Campus_%28archived%29.jpg/266px-The_Wits_University_East_Campus_%28archived%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Wits_University_East_Campus_%28archived%29.jpg/354px-The_Wits_University_East_Campus_%28archived%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="655" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="University of the Witwatersrand">University of the Witwatersrand</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:99px;max-width:99px"><div style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthAfrica_Johannesburg-Brixton_SentechTower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/SouthAfrica_Johannesburg-Brixton_SentechTower.jpg/97px-SouthAfrica_Johannesburg-Brixton_SentechTower.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/SouthAfrica_Johannesburg-Brixton_SentechTower.jpg/146px-SouthAfrica_Johannesburg-Brixton_SentechTower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/SouthAfrica_Johannesburg-Brixton_SentechTower.jpg/194px-SouthAfrica_Johannesburg-Brixton_SentechTower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1344" data-file-height="1632" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Brixton_Tower" title="Brixton Tower">Brixton Tower</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Johannesburg,_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Johannesburg"><img alt="Flag of Johannesburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Johannesburg%2C_South_Africa.svg/100px-Flag_of_Johannesburg%2C_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Johannesburg%2C_South_Africa.svg/150px-Flag_of_Johannesburg%2C_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Johannesburg%2C_South_Africa.svg/200px-Flag_of_Johannesburg%2C_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Johannesburg" title="Flag of Johannesburg">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Johannesburg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Johannesburg"><img alt="Coat of arms of Johannesburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Coat_of_Arms_of_Johannesburg.svg/92px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Johannesburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="92" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Coat_of_Arms_of_Johannesburg.svg/138px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Johannesburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Coat_of_Arms_of_Johannesburg.svg/184px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Johannesburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="633" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Johannesburg" title="Coat of arms of Johannesburg">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Jo'burg; Jozi; <span title="Venda-language text"><span lang="ve" style="font-style: normal;">Muḓi Mulila Ngoma</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Venda_language" title="Venda language">Venda</a> version), <span title="Tsonga-language text"><span lang="ts" style="font-style: normal;">Joni</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a> version); <span title="Bhojpuri-language text"><span lang="bho" style="font-style: normal;">Jobhag</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a> version);<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egoli ("Place of Gold");<sup id="cite_ref-eGoli_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eGoli-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a> ("Place of Gold")</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"Service with Pride"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">OpenStreetMap</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_739b9f7382d2ce1da1a39c23ebd4e8ab6ff25377"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Johannesburg&revid=1258573687&groups=_739b9f7382d2ce1da1a39c23ebd4e8ab6ff25377" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Johannesburg&revid=1258573687&groups=_739b9f7382d2ce1da1a39c23ebd4e8ab6ff25377 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Africa_Gauteng_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Johannesburg is located in Gauteng"><img alt="Johannesburg is located in Gauteng" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/South_Africa_Gauteng_location_map.svg/250px-South_Africa_Gauteng_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/South_Africa_Gauteng_location_map.svg/375px-South_Africa_Gauteng_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/South_Africa_Gauteng_location_map.svg/500px-South_Africa_Gauteng_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1061" data-file-height="1046" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.222%;left:46.469%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Johannesburg"><img alt="Johannesburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Johannesburg</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Gauteng</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Africa_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Johannesburg is located in South Africa"><img alt="Johannesburg is located in South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/South_Africa_adm_location_map.svg/250px-South_Africa_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/South_Africa_adm_location_map.svg/375px-South_Africa_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/South_Africa_adm_location_map.svg/500px-South_Africa_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2031" data-file-height="1741" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.869%;left:70.032%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Johannesburg"><img alt="Johannesburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Johannesburg</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of South Africa</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Johannesburg is located in Africa"><img alt="Johannesburg is located in Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Africa_location_map.svg/250px-Africa_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Africa_location_map.svg/375px-Africa_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Africa_location_map.svg/500px-Africa_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:85.53%;left:63.728%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Johannesburg"><img alt="Johannesburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Johannesburg</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Africa</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Johannesburg&params=26_12_16_S_28_2_44_E_region:ZA-GT_type:city(5635000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">26°12′16″S</span> <span class="longitude">28°2′44″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">26.20444°S 28.04556°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-26.20444; 28.04556</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data">South Africa</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_South_Africa" title="Provinces of South Africa">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of municipalities of South Africa">Municipality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality">City of Johannesburg</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1886<span class="noprint">; 138 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1886</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-established_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-established-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_municipality_(South_Africa)" title="Metropolitan municipality (South Africa)">Metropolitan municipality</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Johannesburg" title="Mayor of Johannesburg">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dada_Morero" title="Dada Morero">Dada Morero</a> (<a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-census2011_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-provinces_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-provinces-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">334.81 km<sup>2</sup> (129.27 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-citypop_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypop-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,357 km<sup>2</sup> (1,296 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,642.6 km<sup>2</sup> (634.2 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,753 m (5,751 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023)<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-provinces_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-provinces-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,635,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Africa_by_population" title="List of cities in Africa by population">8th</a> in Africa <br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_places_in_South_Africa" title="List of populated places in South Africa">1st</a> in South Africa</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">17,000/km<sup>2</sup> (44,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-citypop_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypop-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,860,781<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,198,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,800/km<sup>2</sup> (9,800/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Racial makeup (2019)<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-population_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples_of_South_Africa" title="Bantu peoples of South Africa">Black African</a></th><td class="infobox-data">76.4%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/White_South_African" class="mw-redirect" title="White South African">White</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12.3%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Coloureds" title="Coloureds">Coloured</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5.6%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Indian_South_African" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian South African">Indian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Asian_South_African" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian South African">Asian</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4.9%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Other</th><td class="infobox-data">0.8%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">First languages</a> (2011)<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-census2011_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a></th><td class="infobox-data">23.41%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">English</a></th><td class="infobox-data">20.10%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Sesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesotho">Sesotho</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9.61%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Setswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Setswana">Setswana</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7.68%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7.28%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Other</th><td class="infobox-data">18.10%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_African_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Standard Time">SAST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_postal_codes_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of postal codes in South Africa">Postal code</a> (street)</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">2001</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post-office_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-office box">PO box</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">2000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_South_Africa" title="Telephone numbers in South Africa">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">010 and 011</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.75 <span style="color:#1fca23"><b>High</b></span> <small>(2012)</small><sup id="cite_ref-HDI_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GDP</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a></span>131 billion <small>(2020)</small><sup id="cite_ref-btjbvsct_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-btjbvsct-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GDP per capita (PPP)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$</span>16<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>370 <small>(2014)</small><sup id="cite_ref-btjbvsct_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-btjbvsct-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joburg.org.za">www<wbr />.joburg<wbr />.org<wbr />.za</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Johannesburg</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">joh-<span style="font-size:90%">HAN</span>-iss-burg</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">-⁠<span style="font-size:90%">HAHN</span>-</i></a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Afrikaans:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="af-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Afrikaans" title="Help:IPA/Afrikaans">[jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a>: <b>eGoli</b> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="zu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">[ɛˈɡɔːli]</a></span>) (colloquially known as <b>Jozi</b>, <b>Joburg</b>, <b>Jo'burg</b> or "<b>The City of Gold</b>")<sup id="cite_ref-Mango_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mango-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SA.net_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA.net-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the most populous city in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> with 4,803,262 people,<sup id="cite_ref-provinces_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-provinces-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Megacity#List_of_megacities" title="Megacity">megacity</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of urban areas by population">one of the 100 largest urban areas in the world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_South_Africa" title="Provinces of South Africa">provincial</a> capital of <a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a>, the wealthiest province in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johannesburg is the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_South_Africa" title="Constitutional Court of South Africa">Constitutional Court</a>, the highest court in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the major South African companies and banks have their head offices in Johannesburg. The city is located within the mineral-rich <a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand" title="Witwatersrand">Witwatersrand</a> hills, the epicentre of the international-scale mineral, gold and (specifically) diamond trade. </p><p>Johannesburg was established in 1886,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following the discovery of gold, on what had been a farm. Due to the extremely large gold deposits found along the <a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand" title="Witwatersrand">Witwatersrand</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> within ten years, the population had grown to over 100,000 inhabitants. A separate city from the late 1970s until 1994, <a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a> is now part of the Greater Johannesburg metropolitan area. An acronym for "South-Western Townships", <a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a> was organised initially as a collection of nondescript settlements on the outskirts of the city, populated mostly by African labourers working in the gold mining industry. <a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a>, although eventually incorporated into Johannesburg, had been explicitly separated as a residential area for blacks only—no whites allowed—who were not permitted to live in other "white-designated" areas of Johannesburg. Another region, <a href="/wiki/Lenasia" title="Lenasia">Lenasia</a>, is predominantly populated by English-speaking Indo-South Africans (people of <a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indian</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian">South Asian</a> descent). These areas were, in previous decades, designated as non-white areas, in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> policies of the time. </p><p>Johannesburg was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the <a href="/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2010 FIFA World Cup">2010 FIFA World Cup</a> including the <a href="/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 FIFA World Cup Final">final</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">metropolis</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">alpha global city</a>, as listed by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>. In 2019, the population of the city of Johannesburg was 5,635,127, making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_South_Africa" title="List of municipalities in South Africa">most populous city</a> in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-population_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, the population of metro Johannesburg's <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">urban agglomeration</a> was put at 8 million.<sup id="cite_ref-population_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Land area of the municipal city (1,645 km<sup>2</sup> or 635 sq mi) is large in comparison with those of other major cities, resulting in a moderate population density of 2,364 per square kilometre (6,120/sq mi). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Controversy surrounds the origin of the name. There were quite a number of people with the name "Johannes" who were involved in the early history of the city. Among them is the principal clerk attached to the office of the surveyor-general Hendrik Dercksen, <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Johannes_Joubert" title="Christiaan Johannes Joubert">Christiaan Johannes Joubert</a>, who was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Volksraad_of_the_South_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Volksraad of the South African Republic">Volksraad</a> and was the Republic's chief of mining. Another was Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (better known as <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kruger" title="Paul Kruger">Paul Kruger</a>), president of the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a> (ZAR) from 1883 to 1900. <a href="/wiki/Jan_Meyer" title="Jan Meyer">Johannes Meyer</a>, the first government official in the area is another possibility.<sup id="cite_ref-Jo01_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jo01-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Precise records for the choice of name were lost. Johannes Rissik and Johannes Joubert were members of a delegation sent to <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> to obtain mining rights for the area. Joubert had a park in the city named after him, and Rissik has his name for one of the main streets in the city where the historically important albeit dilapidated <a href="/wiki/Rissik_Street_Post_Office" title="Rissik Street Post Office">Rissik Street Post Office</a> is located.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_City_Hall" title="Johannesburg City Hall">City Hall</a> is also located on Rissik Street. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Johannesburg" title="History of Johannesburg">History of Johannesburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Johannesburg" title="Timeline of Johannesburg">Timeline of Johannesburg</a></div> <p>The region surrounding Johannesburg was originally inhabited by <a href="/wiki/San_people" title="San people">San</a> hunter-gatherers who used stone tools. There is evidence that they lived there up to ten centuries ago.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stone-walled ruins of Sotho–Tswana towns and villages are scattered around the parts of the former <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">Transvaal</a> in which Johannesburg is situated.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the mid-18th century, the broader region was largely settled by various <a href="/wiki/Sotho%E2%80%93Tswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotho–Tswana">Sotho–Tswana</a> communities (one linguistic branch of Bantu-speakers), whose villages, towns, chiefdoms and kingdoms stretched from the <a href="/wiki/Bechuanaland_Protectorate" title="Bechuanaland Protectorate">Bechuanaland Protectorate</a> (what is now <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>) in the west,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to present day <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> in the south,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the present day <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sotho language">Pedi</a> areas of the <a href="/wiki/Limpopo" title="Limpopo">Limpopo Province</a>. More specifically, the stone-walled ruins of <a href="/wiki/Sotho%E2%80%93Tswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotho–Tswana">Sotho–Tswana</a> towns and villages are scattered around the parts of the former Transvaal province in which Johannesburg is situated. </p><p>Many Sotho–Tswana towns and villages in the areas around Johannesburg were destroyed and their people driven away during the wars emanating from <a href="/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom" title="Zulu Kingdom">Zululand</a> during the late 18th and early 19th centuries (the <a href="/wiki/Mfecane" title="Mfecane">mfecane</a> or difaqane wars),<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as a result, an offshoot of the Zulu kingdom, the <a href="/wiki/Ndebele_people_(Zimbabwe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ndebele people (Zimbabwe)">Ndebele</a> (often referred to as the Matabele, the name given them by the local Sotho–Tswana), set up a kingdom to the northwest of Johannesburg around modern-day Rustenburg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gold_rush_and_naming_of_the_city">Gold rush and naming of the city</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gold rush and naming of the city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Gold_Rush" title="Witwatersrand Gold Rush">Witwatersrand Gold Rush</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Langlaagte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Langlaagte.jpg/220px-Langlaagte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Langlaagte.jpg/330px-Langlaagte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Langlaagte.jpg/440px-Langlaagte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>The Langlaagte farm near <a href="/wiki/Paarlshoop" title="Paarlshoop">Paarlshoop</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand" title="Witwatersrand">Witwatersrand</a> – site of the first discovery of gold in 1886.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferreira%27s_Gold_Mine_in_1886.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Ferreira%27s_Gold_Mine_in_1886.jpg/220px-Ferreira%27s_Gold_Mine_in_1886.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Ferreira%27s_Gold_Mine_in_1886.jpg/330px-Ferreira%27s_Gold_Mine_in_1886.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Ferreira%27s_Gold_Mine_in_1886.jpg/440px-Ferreira%27s_Gold_Mine_in_1886.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ferreirasdorp" title="Ferreirasdorp">Ferreirasdorp</a> gold mine in 1886, the oldest part of Johannesburg<sup id="cite_ref-Yap1996_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yap1996-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and where the first gold diggers initially settled.<sup id="cite_ref-westgate_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-westgate-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The main Witwatersrand gold reef was discovered in June 1884 on the farm Vogelstruisfontein by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Gerritse_Bantjes_(son)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Gerritse Bantjes (son) (page does not exist)">Jan Gerritse Bantjes</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Jan_Bantjes" title="Jan Bantjes">Jan Bantjes</a>, this triggered the <a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Gold_Rush" title="Witwatersrand Gold Rush">Witwatersrand Gold Rush</a> and the founding of Johannesburg in 1886. The discovery of gold rapidly attracted people to the area, making necessary a name and governmental organisation for the area. Jan, Johan and Johannes were common male names among the Dutch of that time; two men involved in surveying the area for the best location of the city, Christian Johannes Joubert and Johann Rissik, are considered the source of the name by some. Johannes Meyer, the first government official in the area is another possibility. Precise records for the choice of name were lost.<sup id="cite_ref-Joburg_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joburg-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within ten years, the city of Johannesburg included 100,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-ReidLane2004_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReidLane2004-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1884, the Struben brothers discovered the <a href="/wiki/Confidence_Reef" title="Confidence Reef">Confidence Reef</a> on the farm Wilgespruit near present-day Roodepoort, which further boosted excitement over gold prospects.<sup id="cite_ref-DGJ01_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGJ01-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 254">: 254 </span></sup> The first gold to be crushed on the Witwatersrand was the gold-bearing rock from the Bantjes mine crushed using the Struben brothers stamp machine. News of the discovery soon reached Kimberley and directors Cecil Rhodes and Sir Joseph Robinson rode up to investigate the rumours for themselves. They were guided to the Bantjes camp with its tents strung out over several kilometres and stayed with Bantjes for two nights.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1884, they purchased the first pure refined gold from Bantjes for £3,000. Incidentally, Bantjes had from 1881 been operating the Kromdraai Gold Mine in the Cradle of Humankind together with his partner Johannes Stephanus Minnaar where they first discovered gold in 1881, and which also offered another kind of discovery—the early ancestors of all mankind.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some report Australian George Harrison as the first to make a claim for gold in the area that became Johannesburg, as he found gold on a farm in July 1886. He did not remain in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-George_Harrison_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George_Harrison-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 October 1886 the name Johannesburg was first used. Surveyor <a href="/wiki/Jos_de_Villiers" title="Jos de Villiers">Jos de Villiers</a> surveyed Johannesburg's first neighborhood, Randjeslaagte, between 19 October and 3 November that year.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gold was earlier discovered some 400 kilometres (249 miles) to the east of present-day Johannesburg in <a href="/wiki/Barberton,_South_Africa" title="Barberton, South Africa">Barberton</a>. <a href="/wiki/Prospecting" title="Prospecting">Gold prospectors</a> soon discovered the richer gold reefs of the <a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand" title="Witwatersrand">Witwatersrand</a> offered by Bantjes. The original miners' camp, under the informal leadership of Col <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Ferreira" title="Ignatius Ferreira">Ignatius Ferreira</a>, was located in the Fordsburg dip, possibly because water was available there, and because of the site's proximity to the diggings. Following the establishment of Johannesburg, the area was taken over by the Transvaal government who had it surveyed and named it Ferreira's Township, today the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Ferreirasdorp" title="Ferreirasdorp">Ferreirasdorp</a>. The first settlement at Ferreira's Camp was established as a tented camp and which soon reached a population of 3,000 by 1887.<sup id="cite_ref-ReidLane2004_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReidLane2004-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government took over the camp, surveyed it and named it Ferreira's Township.<sup id="cite_ref-Leyds1964_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leyds1964-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1896, Johannesburg was established as a city of over 100,000 inhabitants, one of the fastest growing cities ever.<sup id="cite_ref-ReidLane2004_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReidLane2004-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mines near Johannesburg are among the deepest in the world, with some as deep as 4,000 metres (13,000 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rapid_growth,_Jameson_Raid_and_the_Second_Boer_War"><span id="Rapid_growth.2C_Jameson_Raid_and_the_Second_Boer_War"></span>Rapid growth, Jameson Raid and the Second Boer War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rapid growth, Jameson Raid and the Second Boer War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SA1899_pg038_Johannesburg_in_1889.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/SA1899_pg038_Johannesburg_in_1889.jpg/220px-SA1899_pg038_Johannesburg_in_1889.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/SA1899_pg038_Johannesburg_in_1889.jpg/330px-SA1899_pg038_Johannesburg_in_1889.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/SA1899_pg038_Johannesburg_in_1889.jpg/440px-SA1899_pg038_Johannesburg_in_1889.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1885" data-file-height="1385" /></a><figcaption>Johannesburg in 1889</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SA1899_pg268_Commissioner_Street,_Johannesburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/SA1899_pg268_Commissioner_Street%2C_Johannesburg.jpg/220px-SA1899_pg268_Commissioner_Street%2C_Johannesburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/SA1899_pg268_Commissioner_Street%2C_Johannesburg.jpg/330px-SA1899_pg268_Commissioner_Street%2C_Johannesburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/SA1899_pg268_Commissioner_Street%2C_Johannesburg.jpg/440px-SA1899_pg268_Commissioner_Street%2C_Johannesburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1883" data-file-height="1383" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_Street_(Johannesburg)" title="Commissioner Street (Johannesburg)">Commissioner Street</a> in 1895</figcaption></figure> <p>Like many late 19th-century mining towns, Johannesburg was a rough and disorganised place, populated by white miners from all continents, African tribesmen were recruited to perform unskilled mine work, African women beer brewers cooked for and sold beer to the black migrant workers, a very large number of European prostitutes, gangsters, impoverished Afrikaners, tradesmen, and the "<a href="/wiki/Laundry#South_Africa" title="Laundry">AmaWasha</a>", Zulu men who surprisingly dominated laundry work.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the value of control of the land increased, tensions developed between the <a href="/wiki/Boer" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer">Boer</a>–dominated Transvaal government in Pretoria and the British, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Jameson_Raid" title="Jameson Raid">Jameson Raid</a> that ended in fiasco at <a href="/wiki/Doornkop" title="Doornkop">Doornkop</a> in January 1896. The <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> (1899–1902) saw British forces under Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts, occupy the city on 30 May 1900 after a series of battles to the south-west of its then-limits, near present-day Krugersdorp.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Fighting took place at the Gatsrand Pass (near Zakariyya Park) on 27 May, north of Vanwyksrust—today's Nancefield, <a href="/wiki/Eldorado_Park,_Gauteng" title="Eldorado Park, Gauteng">Eldorado Park</a> and Naturena—the next day, culminating in a mass infantry attack on what is now the waterworks ridge in Chiawelo and Senaoane on 29 May.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Boer war, many African mineworkers left Johannesburg creating a labour shortage, which the mines ameliorated by bringing in labourers from China, especially southern China. After the war, they were replaced by black workers, but many Chinese stayed on, creating Johannesburg's Chinese community, which during the apartheid era, was not legally classified as "Asian", but as "Coloured". The population in 1904 was 155,642, of whom 83,363 were <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">whites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Union_history">Post-Union history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-Union history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johannesburg-c1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Johannesburg-c1910.jpg/220px-Johannesburg-c1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Johannesburg-c1910.jpg/330px-Johannesburg-c1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Johannesburg-c1910.jpg/440px-Johannesburg-c1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Pritchard Street c. 1910</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1917, Johannesburg became the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo_American_plc" title="Anglo American plc">Anglo-American Corporation</a> founded by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Oppenheimer" title="Ernest Oppenheimer">Ernest Oppenheimer</a> which ultimately became one of the world's largest corporations, dominating both gold-mining and diamond-mining in South Africa. Major building developments took place in the 1930s, after South Africa went off the gold standard.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1940s and early 1950s, <a href="/wiki/Hillbrow" title="Hillbrow">Hillbrow</a> went high-rise. In the 1950s and early 1960s, the apartheid government constructed the massive agglomeration of townships that became known as <a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a>. New freeways encouraged massive sub<a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a> to the north of the city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the late 1960s and early 1970s, tower blocks (including the <a href="/wiki/Carlton_Centre" title="Carlton Centre">Carlton Centre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Life_Centre" title="Southern Life Centre">Southern Life Centre</a>) filled the skyline of the central business district. </p><p>The system of <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>, a comprehensive system of racial separation was imposed upon South Africa starting in 1948. For its growth, the economy of Johannesburg depended upon hundreds of thousands of skilled white workers imported from Europe and semi- and un-skilled black workers imported from other parts of Southern Africa. Though they worked together they were forced by the government to live separately. Work was considered to be an exception to apartheid in order to keep Johannesburg functioning as South Africa's economic capital.<sup id="cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_86_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brogan,_Patrick_page_86-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stuttafords_Johannesburg_1957.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Stuttafords_Johannesburg_1957.jpg/170px-Stuttafords_Johannesburg_1957.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Stuttafords_Johannesburg_1957.jpg/255px-Stuttafords_Johannesburg_1957.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Stuttafords_Johannesburg_1957.jpg/340px-Stuttafords_Johannesburg_1957.jpg 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stuttafords" title="Stuttafords">Stuttafords</a> department stores in Johannesburg in 1957</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1950s, the government began a policy of building townships for black families (prior to this unskilled workers were asked to work on "single status" in male-only hostels at the mines and had to commute to see their families in whatever province they originated) outside of Johannesburg to provide workers for Johannesburg.<sup id="cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_86_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brogan,_Patrick_page_86-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a>, a township founded for black workers coming to work in the gold mines of Johannesburg, was intended to house 50,000 people, but soon was the home of ten times that number as thousands of unemployed rural blacks came to Johannesburg for employment and an income to send back to their villages.<sup id="cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_92_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brogan,_Patrick_page_92-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was estimated that in 1989, the population of Soweto was equal to that of Johannesburg, if not greater.<sup id="cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_92_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brogan,_Patrick_page_92-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1960, Johannesburg witnessed widespread demonstrations against apartheid in response to the <a href="/wiki/Sharpeville_massacre" title="Sharpeville massacre">Sharpeville massacre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_80_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brogan,_Patrick_page_80-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 July 1963, the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Police" title="South African Police">South African Police</a> raided a house in the Johannesburg suburb of <a href="/wiki/Rivonia" title="Rivonia">Rivonia</a> where nine members of the banned <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> (ANC) were arrested on charges of planning sabotage. Their arrest led to the famous <a href="/wiki/Rivonia_Trial" title="Rivonia Trial">Rivonia Trial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_92_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brogan,_Patrick_page_92-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nine arrested included one Indo-South African, one coloured, two whites and five blacks, one of whom was the future president <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_91_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brogan,_Patrick_page_91-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At their trial, the accused freely admitted that they were guilty of what they were charged with, namely of planning to blow up the hydro-electric system of Johannesburg to shut down the gold mines, but Mandela argued to the court that the ANC had tried non-violent resistance to apartheid and failed, leaving him with no other choice.<sup id="cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_91_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brogan,_Patrick_page_91-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trial made Mandela into a national figure and a symbol of resistance to <i>apartheid</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_91_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brogan,_Patrick_page_91-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Straatbeeld_in_Johannesburg_TMnr_10004282.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Straatbeeld_in_Johannesburg_TMnr_10004282.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Straatbeeld_in_Johannesburg_TMnr_10004282.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Straatbeeld_in_Johannesburg_TMnr_10004282.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Straatbeeld_in_Johannesburg_TMnr_10004282.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Straatbeeld_in_Johannesburg_TMnr_10004282.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Straatbeeld_in_Johannesburg_TMnr_10004282.jpg 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Street scene in Johannesburg in 1970</figcaption></figure> <p>On 16 June 1976, demonstrations broke out in Soweto over a government decree that black school-children be educated in Afrikaans instead of English, and after the police fired on the demonstrations, rioting against apartheid began in Soweto and spread into the greater Johannesburg area.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 575 people, the majority of whom were black, were killed in the <a href="/wiki/Soweto_uprising" title="Soweto uprising">Soweto uprising</a> of 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_80_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brogan,_Patrick_page_80-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1984 and 1986, South Africa was in turmoil as a series of nationwide protests, strikes and riots took place against apartheid, and the black townships around Johannesburg were scenes of some of the fiercest struggles between the police and anti-apartheid demonstrators.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The central area of the city underwent something of a decline in the 1980s and 1990s, due to the high crime rate and when property speculators directed large amounts of capital into suburban shopping malls, decentralised office parks, and entertainment centres. <a href="/wiki/Sandton_City" title="Sandton City">Sandton City</a> was opened in 1973, followed by Rosebank Mall in 1976, and <a href="/wiki/Eastgate_Shopping_Centre,_Johannesburg" title="Eastgate Shopping Centre, Johannesburg">Eastgate</a> in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1990s, the city faced rapid growth of crime throughout large parts of the city. Some areas of skyscrapers were abandoned, many residents left their homes, and businesses moved out. Some historical buildings in central areas were destroyed by fires that spread relentlessly.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twenty-first_century">Twenty-first century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Twenty-first century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Watching_South_Africa_%26_Mexico_match_at_World_Cup_2010-06-11_in_Soweto_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Watching_South_Africa_%26_Mexico_match_at_World_Cup_2010-06-11_in_Soweto_7.jpg/220px-Watching_South_Africa_%26_Mexico_match_at_World_Cup_2010-06-11_in_Soweto_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Watching_South_Africa_%26_Mexico_match_at_World_Cup_2010-06-11_in_Soweto_7.jpg/330px-Watching_South_Africa_%26_Mexico_match_at_World_Cup_2010-06-11_in_Soweto_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Watching_South_Africa_%26_Mexico_match_at_World_Cup_2010-06-11_in_Soweto_7.jpg/440px-Watching_South_Africa_%26_Mexico_match_at_World_Cup_2010-06-11_in_Soweto_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2387" /></a><figcaption>Fans of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_national_soccer_team" title="South Africa national soccer team">South Africa national soccer team</a> watching the <a href="/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2010 FIFA World Cup">2010 FIFA World Cup</a> with <a href="/wiki/Vuvuzela" title="Vuvuzela">vuvuzelas</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Township_(South_Africa)" title="Township (South Africa)">township</a> of <a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Suburbs_of_Johannesburg" title="Suburbs of Johannesburg">suburb of Johannesburg</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Like many cities around the world, there is an increasing focus on the rejuvenation of the inner city of Johannesburg. One of these initiatives is the Maboneng District located on the south-eastern side of the <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_CBD" title="Johannesburg CBD">CBD</a>. Originally a hub for art, it has expanded to include restaurants, entertainment venues and retail stores as well as accommodation and hotels. Maboneng calls itself "a place of inspiration—a creative hub, a place to do business, a destination for visitors and a safe, integrated community for residents. A beacon of strength in Africa's most economically prosperous city".<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After being destroyed in 2008 to make way for a motor showroom by Imperial Holdings, the iconic Rand Steam Laundries are now being redeveloped as an exact replica, by the order of the Johannesburg Heritage Council. Apart from one filtration shed, there is nothing left on the site after being destroyed. The site will consist of a 5,000 m<sup>2</sup> (54,000 sq ft) precinct.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (April 2024)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 12 May 2008, a series of riots started in the township of <a href="/wiki/Alexandra,_South_Africa" title="Alexandra, South Africa">Alexandra</a>, in the north-eastern part of Johannesburg, when locals attacked migrants from <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, Malawi and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, killing two people and injuring 40 others. These riots sparked the <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobic</a> attacks of 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/2019_Johannesburg_riots" title="2019 Johannesburg riots">2019 Johannesburg riots</a> were similar in nature and origin to the <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_South_Africa#May_2008_riots" title="Xenophobia in South Africa">2008 xenophobic riots</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A completely refurbished <a href="/wiki/Soccer_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer City">Soccer City</a> stadium in Johannesburg hosted the <a href="/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2010 FIFA World Cup">2010 FIFA World Cup</a> <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="FIFA World Cup Final">final</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 22 to 24 August 2023, Johannesburg hosted <a href="/wiki/15th_BRICS_summit" title="15th BRICS summit">15th BRICS summit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 August 2023, at least 76 people died when a <a href="/wiki/2023_Johannesburg_building_fire" title="2023 Johannesburg building fire">building caught fire</a> in Johannesburg. The building had been taken over by a gang who were illegally renting it out.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soccer_City_Stadium,_Johannesburg,_South_Africa_(4690804881).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Soccer_City_Stadium%2C_Johannesburg%2C_South_Africa_%284690804881%29.jpg/220px-Soccer_City_Stadium%2C_Johannesburg%2C_South_Africa_%284690804881%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Soccer_City_Stadium%2C_Johannesburg%2C_South_Africa_%284690804881%29.jpg/330px-Soccer_City_Stadium%2C_Johannesburg%2C_South_Africa_%284690804881%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Soccer_City_Stadium%2C_Johannesburg%2C_South_Africa_%284690804881%29.jpg/440px-Soccer_City_Stadium%2C_Johannesburg%2C_South_Africa_%284690804881%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Satellite_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite image">Satellite image</a> of Johannesburg</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JohannesburgGP-Aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/JohannesburgGP-Aerial.jpg/220px-JohannesburgGP-Aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/JohannesburgGP-Aerial.jpg/330px-JohannesburgGP-Aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/JohannesburgGP-Aerial.jpg/440px-JohannesburgGP-Aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>January 2008 Johannesburg aerial view looking towards the south-east</figcaption></figure> <p>Johannesburg is located in the eastern plateau area of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Highveld" title="Highveld">Highveld</a>, at an elevation of 1,753 metres (5,751 ft). The former <a href="/wiki/Central_Business_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Business District">Central Business District</a> is located on the southern side of the prominent ridge called the <a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand" title="Witwatersrand">Witwatersrand</a> (English: White Water's Ridge) and the terrain falls to the north and south. By and large the Witwatersrand marks the watershed between the <a href="/wiki/Limpopo_River" title="Limpopo River">Limpopo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vaal_River" title="Vaal River">Vaal</a> rivers as the northern part of the city is drained by the <a href="/wiki/Jukskei_River" title="Jukskei River">Jukskei River</a> while the southern part of the city, including most of the Central Business District, is drained by the <a href="/wiki/Klip_River" title="Klip River">Klip River</a>. The north and west of the city has undulating hills while the eastern parts are flatter. </p><p>Johannesburg may not be built on a river or harbour, but its streams contribute to two of southern Africa's mightiest rivers, the <a href="/wiki/Limpopo_River" title="Limpopo River">Limpopo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Orange_River" title="Orange River">Orange</a>. Most of the springs from which many of these streams emanate are now covered in concrete and canalised, accounting for the fact that the names of early farms in the area often end with "fontein", meaning "spring" in Afrikaans. Braamfontein, Rietfontein, Zevenfontein, Doornfontein, Zandfontein and Randjesfontein are some examples. When the first white settlers reached the area that is now Johannesburg, they noticed the glistening rocks on the ridges, running with trickles of water, fed by the streams—giving the area its name, the Witwatersrand, "the ridge of white waters". Another explanation is that the whiteness comes from the quartzite rock, which has a particular sheen to it after rain.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The site was not chosen for its streams, however. The main reasons the city was founded where it stands today was because of the gold. Indeed, the city once sat near massive amounts of gold, given that at one point the Witwatersrand gold industry produced forty per cent of the planet's gold.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_gardens">Parks and gardens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Parks and gardens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_City_Parks" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannesburg City Parks">Johannesburg City Parks</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South-Africa_Johannesburg_Botanical_Garden-002_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/South-Africa_Johannesburg_Botanical_Garden-002_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-South-Africa_Johannesburg_Botanical_Garden-002_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/South-Africa_Johannesburg_Botanical_Garden-002_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-South-Africa_Johannesburg_Botanical_Garden-002_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/South-Africa_Johannesburg_Botanical_Garden-002_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-South-Africa_Johannesburg_Botanical_Garden-002_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="1694" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Botanical_Garden" title="Johannesburg Botanical Garden">Johannesburg Botanical Garden</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Parks and gardens in Johannesburg are maintained by <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_City_Parks" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannesburg City Parks">Johannesburg City Parks and Zoo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cityparks-whoweare_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cityparks-whoweare-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> City Parks is also responsible for planting the city's many green trees, making Johannesburg one of the 'greenest' cities in the world. It has been estimated that there are six million trees in the city with the number growing every year—1.2 million on pavements and sidewalks, and a further 4.8 million in private gardens.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> City Parks continues to invest in planting trees, particularly those previously disadvantaged areas of Johannesburg which were not positive beneficiaries of apartheid Johannesburg's urban planning. <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Botanical_Garden" title="Johannesburg Botanical Garden">Johannesburg Botanical Garden</a>, located in the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Emmarentia,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmarentia, Gauteng">Emmarentia</a>, is a popular recreational park. </p><p>Johannesburg and environs also offer various options to visitors wishing to view <a href="/wiki/Wildlife" title="Wildlife">wildlife</a>, in addition to the <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Zoo" title="Johannesburg Zoo">Johannesburg Zoo</a>, one of the largest in South Africa. The <a href="/wiki/Lion_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Lion Park">Lion Park</a> nature reserve, next to <a href="/wiki/Lesedi_Cultural_Village" title="Lesedi Cultural Village">Lesedi Cultural Village</a>, is home to over 80 lions and various other game, while the <a href="/wiki/Krugersdorp_Nature_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Krugersdorp Nature Reserve">Krugersdorp Nature Reserve</a>, a 1500 <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">ha</a> <a href="/wiki/Game_reserve" title="Game reserve">game reserve</a>, is a forty-minute drive from the city centre. The De Wildt Cheetah Centre<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Magaliesberg" title="Magaliesberg">Magaliesberg</a> runs a successful breeding program for <a href="/wiki/Cheetah" title="Cheetah">cheetah</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_wild_dog" title="African wild dog">wild dog</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a>. The Rhino & Lion Nature Reserve,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> situated in the "Cradle of Humankind" on 1200 ha of "the typical <a href="/wiki/Highveld" title="Highveld">highveld</a> of Gauteng" also runs a breeding programme for endangered species including Bengal tigers, Siberian tigers and the extremely rare <a href="/wiki/White_lion" title="White lion">white lion</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> To the south, 11 kilometres (6.8 miles) from the city centre, is the <a href="/wiki/Klipriviersberg_Nature_Reserve" title="Klipriviersberg Nature Reserve">Klipriviersberg Nature Reserve</a> home to large mammals and hiking trails. Separating Lenasia and the Soweto suburbs is the <a href="/wiki/Olifantsvlei_Nature_Reserve" title="Olifantsvlei Nature Reserve">Olifantsvlei Nature Reserve</a> protected area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Johannesburg_Summers_Day.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/A_Johannesburg_Summers_Day.jpg/220px-A_Johannesburg_Summers_Day.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/A_Johannesburg_Summers_Day.jpg/330px-A_Johannesburg_Summers_Day.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/A_Johannesburg_Summers_Day.jpg/440px-A_Johannesburg_Summers_Day.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3992" data-file-height="2242" /></a><figcaption>An aerial photograph of summer rain clouds over Johannesburg. The city's climate experiences regular daily thunderstorms from November to March in the afternoons.</figcaption></figure> <p>Johannesburg is situated on the highveld plateau, and has a <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">subtropical highland climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Cwb</i>). The city enjoys a sunny climate, with the summer months (October to April) characterised by hot days followed by afternoon thundershowers and cool evenings, and the winter months (May to September) by dry, sunny days followed by cold nights.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Temperatures in Johannesburg are usually fairly mild due to the city's high elevation, with an average maximum daytime temperature in January of 25.6 °C (78.1 °F), dropping to an average maximum of around 16 °C (61 °F) in June. The <a href="/wiki/UV_index" class="mw-redirect" title="UV index">UV index</a> for Johannesburg in summers is extreme, often reaching 14–16 due to the high elevation and its location in the subtropics.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Winter is the sunniest time of the year, with mild days and cool nights, dropping to 4.1 °C (39.4 °F) in June and July. The temperature occasionally drops to below freezing at night, causing <a href="/wiki/Frost" title="Frost">frost</a>. Snow is a rare occurrence, with snowfall having been experienced in the twentieth century during May 1956, August 1962, June 1964 and September 1981. In the 21st century, there was light sleet in 2006, as well as snow proper on 27 June 2007 (accumulating up to 10 centimetres or 4 inches in the southern suburbs),<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 7 August 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 10 July 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regular cold fronts pass over in winter bringing very cold southerly winds but usually clear skies. The annual average rainfall is 713 millimetres (28.1 in), which is mostly concentrated in the summer months. Infrequent showers occur through the course of the winter months. The lowest nighttime minimum temperature ever recorded in Johannesburg is −8.2 °C (17.2 °F), on 13 June 1979. The lowest daytime maximum temperature recorded is 1.5 °C (34.7 °F), on 19 June 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Johannesburg (Averages: 1961–1990 – extremes: 1951–1990) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.4<br />(106.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5<br />(92.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9<br />(89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.5<br />(101.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0E00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.4<br />(102.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.4<br />(106.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8<br />(35.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−3.1<br />(26.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.5<br />(27.5) </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.2<br />(17.2) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.1<br />(22.8) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0<br />(23.0) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.3<br />(26.1) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−8.2<br />(17.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #44FF44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">125<br />(4.9) </td> <td style="background: #6BFF6B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90<br />(3.5) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54<br />(2.1) </td> <td style="background: #EBFFEB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13<br />(0.5) </td> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #4AFF4A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117<br />(4.6) </td> <td style="background: #62FF62; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105<br />(4.1) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">713<br />(28.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.9 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #3D3DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.2 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.9 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">99.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46 </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">59 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">250.1 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">224.8 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">238.8 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">236.9 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">276.0 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">266.9 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">283.9 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">284.1 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">280.8 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">269.5 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">248.7 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">263.9 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,124.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Daytime" title="Daytime">daylight hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF51; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #FCFC2D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #F7F721; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #FAFA28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF42; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WMO_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_Joburg_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA_Joburg-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: South African Weather Service<sup id="cite_ref-WeatherREF1_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WeatherREF1-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weather Atlas<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Johannesburg population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1886 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1904 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">99,052</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.44%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1908 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">180,687</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.22%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1985 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,783,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.02%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,898,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.26%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2000 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,745,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.76%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,326,055</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.17%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2005 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,272,600</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.40%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,474,829</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.35%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2022 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,803,262<sup id="cite_ref-provinces_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-provinces-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.65%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-JoziPop1880s_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JoziPop1880s-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unhabitat2014_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unhabitat2014-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-statssaPop_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statssaPop-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Statistics_South_Africa" title="Statistics South Africa">South African National Census</a>, the population of Johannesburg is 4,434,827 people,<sup id="cite_ref-statssaPop_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statssaPop-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it the most populous city in South Africa (it has been the most populous city in South Africa since at least the 1950s).<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the 2001 census, the people live in 1,006,930 formal households, of which 86% have a flush or <a href="/wiki/Chemical_toilet" title="Chemical toilet">chemical toilet</a>, and 91% have <a href="/wiki/Refuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Refuse">refuse</a> removed by the municipality at least once a week. 81% of households have access to running water, and 80% use electricity as the main source of energy. 29% of Johannesburg residents stay in informal dwellings.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 66% of households are headed by one person. </p><p>Johannesburg's <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">urban agglomeration</a> spreads well beyond the administrative boundary of the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality">municipality</a>. The population of the whole area has been estimated to be variously at 7,860,781 in 2011 by "citypopulation.de",.<sup id="cite_ref-citypop_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypop-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Suburbs_of_Johannesburg" title="Suburbs of Johannesburg">Johannesburg's suburbs</a> are the product of <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a> and are regionalised into north, south, east and west, and they generally have different personalities.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greater Johannesburg consists of more than five hundred suburbs in an area covering more than two hundred square miles (520 square kilometres).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although black Africans can be found throughout Johannesburg and its surrounding area, greater Johannesburg remains highly racially segregated.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the Metropolitan Municipality, the old centre, established in 1886 and given city status in 1928, has been listed in recent censuses as a "main place". As of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, this main place had a population of 957,441 and an area of 334.81 km<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some authors consider the metropolitan area to include most of Gauteng province.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a>'s Population Division in 2016 estimated the metropolitan area population to be 9,616,000.<sup id="cite_ref-UN_WUP_2016_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WUP_2016-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blacks account for 73% of the population, followed by <a href="/wiki/White_South_African" class="mw-redirect" title="White South African">whites</a> at 18%, <a href="/wiki/Coloured" class="mw-redirect" title="Coloured">coloureds</a> at 6% and <a href="/wiki/Asian_South_African" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian South African">Asians</a> at 4%. 42% of the population is under the age of 24, while 6% of the population is over 60 years of age. 37% of city residents are unemployed. 91% of the unemployed are Black African. Women comprise 43% of the working population. 19% of economically active adults work in wholesale and retail sectors, 18% in financial, real estate and business services, 17% in the community, social and personal services and 12% are in manufacturing. Only 0.7% work in mining. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dutch_Reformed_Church_in_Jeppestown.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Dutch_Reformed_Church_in_Jeppestown.JPG/220px-Dutch_Reformed_Church_in_Jeppestown.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Dutch_Reformed_Church_in_Jeppestown.JPG/330px-Dutch_Reformed_Church_in_Jeppestown.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Dutch_Reformed_Church_in_Jeppestown.JPG/440px-Dutch_Reformed_Church_in_Jeppestown.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a><figcaption>Dutch Reformed Church in <a href="/wiki/Jeppestown" title="Jeppestown">Jeppestown</a></figcaption></figure> <p>53% belong to mainstream Christian churches, 24% are not affiliated with any organised religion, 14% are members of <a href="/wiki/African_Initiated_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="African Initiated Church">African Independent Churches</a>, 3% are <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, 1% are <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> and 1% are <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>. There are <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> mosques, <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> temples, A Sikh Gurudwara (Sikh Temple) in Sandton and a large number of synagogues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Christianity">Christianity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Places_of_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Places of worship">Places of worship</a> in Johannesburg are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> churches: <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zion_Christian_Church" title="Zion Christian Church">Zion Christian Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Faith_Mission_of_South_Africa" title="Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa">Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Southern_Africa" title="Baptist Union of Southern Africa">Baptist Union of Southern Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baptist_World_Alliance" title="Baptist World Alliance">Baptist World Alliance</a>), <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church_in_South_Africa_(NGK)" title="Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK)">Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Southern_Africa" title="Methodist Church of Southern Africa">Methodist Church of Southern Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/World_Methodist_Council" title="World Methodist Council">World Methodist Council</a>), <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Southern_Africa" title="Anglican Church of Southern Africa">Anglican Church of Southern Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>), <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Africa" title="Presbyterian Church of Africa">Presbyterian Church of Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/World_Communion_of_Reformed_Churches" title="World Communion of Reformed Churches">World Communion of Reformed Churches</a>), <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Johannesburg" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Johannesburg">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Johannesburg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_South_Africa_Temple" title="Johannesburg South Africa Temple">Johannesburg South Africa Temple</a> (<a href="/wiki/Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judaism">Judaism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of Johannesburg's estimated 50,000 Jews live in the North Eastern suburbs; <a href="/wiki/Glenhazel" title="Glenhazel">Glenhazel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raedene_Estate" title="Raedene Estate">Raedene Estate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kew,_Gauteng" title="Kew, Gauteng">Kew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwood,_Gauteng" title="Norwood, Gauteng">Norwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Highlands_North,_Gauteng" title="Highlands North, Gauteng">Highlands North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandringham,_Gauteng" title="Sandringham, Gauteng">Sandringham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Estate" title="Savoy Estate">Savoy Estate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waverley,_Johannesburg" title="Waverley, Johannesburg">Waverley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orchards,_Johannesburg" title="Orchards, Johannesburg">Orchards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oaklands,_Gauteng" title="Oaklands, Gauteng">Oaklands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fairmount,_Gauteng" title="Fairmount, Gauteng">Fairmount</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are many <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> synagogues in the city including; <a href="/wiki/Great_Park_Synagogue_(Johannesburg)" title="Great Park Synagogue (Johannesburg)">Great Park Synagogue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Shul" title="Oxford Shul">Oxford Shul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Doornfontein_Synagogue" title="Doornfontein Synagogue">Doornfontein Synagogue</a>. There is a smaller number of synagogues serving the city's <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform Jews</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Temple_Israel_(Johannesburg)" title="Temple Israel (Johannesburg)">Temple Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beit_Emanuel,_Johannesburg" title="Beit Emanuel, Johannesburg">Beit Emanuel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johannesburg_2001_dominant_language_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Johannesburg_2001_dominant_language_map.svg/220px-Johannesburg_2001_dominant_language_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Johannesburg_2001_dominant_language_map.svg/330px-Johannesburg_2001_dominant_language_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Johannesburg_2001_dominant_language_map.svg/440px-Johannesburg_2001_dominant_language_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Geographical distribution of home languages in Johannesburg <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#8dd3c7; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffffb3; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">English</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#bebada; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ndebele_language" title="Southern Ndebele language">Ndebele</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fb8072; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#80b1d3; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fdb462; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sotho language">Northern Sotho</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b3de69; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sotho_language" title="Sotho language">Sotho</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fccde5; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ccebc5; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Venda_language" title="Venda language">Venda</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffed6f; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d0d0d0; color:black;"> </span> No language dominant</div></div></figcaption></figure> <p>32% of Johannesburg residents speak <a href="/wiki/Nguni_languages" title="Nguni languages">Nguni languages</a> at home, 24% speak <a href="/wiki/Sotho_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotho languages">Sotho languages</a>, 18% speak English, 7% speak <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> and 6% speak <a href="/wiki/Tshivenda" class="mw-redirect" title="Tshivenda">Tshivenda</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Gender </th> <th>Population </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Female </td> <td>473,148 </td> <td>49.42 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Male </td> <td>484,293 </td> <td>50.58 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Race </th> <th>Population </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples_of_South_Africa" title="Bantu peoples of South Africa">Black African</a> </td> <td>614,793 </td> <td>64.21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_South_African" class="mw-redirect" title="White South African">White</a> </td> <td>133,379 </td> <td>13.93 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coloured" class="mw-redirect" title="Coloured">Coloured</a> </td> <td>133,029 </td> <td>13.89 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_South_African" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian South African">Asian</a> </td> <td>63,918 </td> <td>6.68 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other </td> <td>12,320 </td> <td>1.29 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">First language</a> </th> <th>Population<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census2011_gov.za_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011_gov.za-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a> </td> <td>1,022,747 </td> <td>23.41 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sesotho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesotho language">Sotho</a> </td> <td>420,117 </td> <td>9.61 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a> </td> <td>298,523 </td> <td>6.83 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> </td> <td>318,063 </td> <td>7.28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a> </td> <td>335,713 </td> <td>7.68 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sepedi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sepedi">Sepedi</a> </td> <td>317,277 </td> <td>7.26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">English</a> </td> <td>878,230 </td> <td>20.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a> </td> <td>287,625 </td> <td>6.58 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swazi</a> </td> <td>35,926 </td> <td>0.82 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venda_language" title="Venda language">Venda</a> </td> <td>141,435 </td> <td>3.24 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ndebele_language" title="Southern Ndebele language">Ndebele</a> </td> <td>126,587 </td> <td>2.90 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Africa" title="Languages of South Africa">Other</a> </td> <td>168,566 </td> <td>3.86 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_African_Sign_Language" title="South African Sign Language">Sign language</a> </td> <td>18,793 </td> <td>0.43 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Hall_University_Witwatersrand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Great_Hall_University_Witwatersrand.jpg/220px-Great_Hall_University_Witwatersrand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Great_Hall_University_Witwatersrand.jpg/330px-Great_Hall_University_Witwatersrand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Great_Hall_University_Witwatersrand.jpg/440px-Great_Hall_University_Witwatersrand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="University of the Witwatersrand">University of the Witwatersrand</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Johannesburg has a well-developed higher education system of both <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public universities</a>. Johannesburg is served by the public universities <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="University of the Witwatersrand">University of the Witwatersrand</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg" title="University of Johannesburg">University of Johannesburg</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg" title="University of Johannesburg">University of Johannesburg</a> was formed on 1 January 2005, when three separate universities and campuses—<a href="/wiki/Rand_Afrikaans_University" title="Rand Afrikaans University">Rand Afrikaans University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Technikon_Witwatersrand" title="Technikon Witwatersrand">Technikon Witwatersrand</a>, and the Johannesburg campuses of <a href="/wiki/Vista_University" title="Vista University">Vista University</a>—were merged. The new university offers education primarily in English and <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>, although courses may be taken in any of South Africa's official languages. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="University of the Witwatersrand">University of the Witwatersrand</a> is one of the leading universities in Africa,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is famous as a centre of resistance to <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>. It is attached to the world's third largest hospital, the <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hani_Baragwanath_Hospital" title="Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital">Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pretoria" title="University of Pretoria">University of Pretoria</a>'s business school the <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Institute_of_Business_Science" title="Gordon Institute of Business Science">Gordon Institute of Business Science</a> is located in Illovo, Johannesburg. </p><p>Many private colleges are also situated in Johannesburg, such as <a href="/wiki/Damelin" title="Damelin">Damelin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Damelin_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Damelin-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/CTI_Education_Group" title="CTI Education Group">CTI</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CTI_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTI-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lyceum_College" title="Lyceum College">Lyceum College</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lyceum_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lyceum-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Monash_University,_South_Africa_campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Monash University, South Africa campus">South African campus</a><sup id="cite_ref-Monash_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monash-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash University</a> (six of the other campuses are in Australia, while the eighth is in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>), as well as the <a href="/wiki/Midrand_Graduate_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Midrand Graduate Institute">Midrand Graduate Institute</a><sup id="cite_ref-MGI_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MGI-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is located in <a href="/wiki/Midrand" title="Midrand">Midrand</a>. </p><p>Johannesburg also has one of several <a href="/wiki/Film_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Film schools">film schools</a> in the country, one of which has won an Academy Award for Best Foreign Student Film in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The South African School of Motion Picture and Live Performance, or <a href="/wiki/AFDA" class="mw-redirect" title="AFDA">AFDA</a> for short, is situated in Auckland Park. </p><p>Johannesburg also has three teacher-training colleges and a technical college. There are numerous kindergartens, primary schools and high schools in the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johannesburg_Stock_Exchange.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Johannesburg_Stock_Exchange.jpg/220px-Johannesburg_Stock_Exchange.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Johannesburg_Stock_Exchange.jpg/330px-Johannesburg_Stock_Exchange.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Johannesburg_Stock_Exchange.jpg/440px-Johannesburg_Stock_Exchange.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1429" data-file-height="2168" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannesburg Stock Exchange">Johannesburg Stock Exchange</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Johannesburg is the economic and financial hub of South Africa, producing 16% of South Africa's gross domestic product, and accounts for 40% of Gauteng's economic activity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In a 2008 survey conducted by <a href="/wiki/Mastercard" title="Mastercard">Mastercard</a>, Johannesburg ranked 47 out of 50 top cities in the world as a worldwide centre of commerce (the only city in Africa).<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mining was the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand" title="Witwatersrand">Witwatersrand</a>'s economy, but its importance is gradually declining due to dwindling reserves and service and manufacturing industries have become more significant to the city's economy. While gold mining no longer takes place within the <a href="/wiki/City_limits" title="City limits">city limits</a>, most mining companies still have their headquarters in Johannesburg. The city's manufacturing industries extend across a range of areas and there is still a reliance on heavy industries including steel and cement plants. The service and other industries include banking, IT, real estate, transport, broadcast and print media, private health care, transport and a vibrant leisure and consumer retail market.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Johannesburg has Africa's largest stock exchange, the <a href="/wiki/JSE_Limited" title="JSE Limited">JSE</a> although it has moved out of the central business district. Due to its commercial role, the city is the seat of the provincial government and the site of a number of government branch offices, as well as consular offices and other institutions. </p><p>The Witwatersrand urban complex is a major consumer of water in a dry region. Its continued economic and population growth has depended on schemes to divert water from other regions of South Africa and from the highlands of <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>, the biggest of which is the <a href="/wiki/Lesotho_Highlands_Water_Project" title="Lesotho Highlands Water Project">Lesotho Highlands Water Project</a>, but additional sources will be needed early in the 21st century. </p><p>The container terminal at <a href="/wiki/City_Deep,_Gauteng" title="City Deep, Gauteng">City Deep</a> is known to be the largest "<a href="/wiki/Dry_port" title="Dry port">dry port</a>" in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with some 50% of cargo that arrives through the ports of <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> arriving in Johannesburg. The City Deep area has been declared an IDZ (industrial development zone) by the Gauteng government.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retail">Retail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Retail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Shopping_centres_in_Johannesburg" title="Category:Shopping centres in Johannesburg">Category: Shopping centres in Johannesburg</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sandton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sandton.jpg/220px-Sandton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sandton.jpg/330px-Sandton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sandton.jpg/440px-Sandton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sandton_City" title="Sandton City">Sandton City</a> shopping mall in <a href="/wiki/Sandton" title="Sandton">Sandton</a>, Johannesburg.</figcaption></figure> <p>Johannesburg's largest shopping centres, measured by gross leasable area (GLA, the uniform measure of centre size as determined by the International Council of Shopping Centers) are Sandton City, Eastgate, Mall of Africa, Westgate and Cresta. <a href="/wiki/Melrose_Arch" class="mw-redirect" title="Melrose Arch">Melrose Arch</a> is one of its most prestigious.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Other centres include <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_Corner_(shopping_centre)" title="Hyde Park Corner (shopping centre)">Hyde Park Corner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosebank,_Gauteng" title="Rosebank, Gauteng">Rosebank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southgate_Shopping_Centre" title="Southgate Shopping Centre">Southgate</a>, The Glen Shopping Centre, Johannesburg South, and Clearwater Mall. There were also plans to build a large shopping centre, known as the Zonk'Izizwe Shopping Resort, in <a href="/wiki/Midrand" title="Midrand">Midrand</a>, but these have been indefinitely delayed due to the opening of <a href="/wiki/Mall_of_Africa" title="Mall of Africa">Mall of Africa</a>. "Zonk'Izizwe" means "All Nations" in <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu language</a>, indicating that the centre will cater to the city's diverse mix of peoples and races. Also a complex named Greenstone in Modderfontein has been opened.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cradlestone Mall is a new mall named for its location which is close to the <a href="/wiki/Cradle_of_Humankind" title="Cradle of Humankind">Cradle of Humankind</a>, a World Heritage Site. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Law_and_government">Law and government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Law and government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality">City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johannesburg_2006_regions_with_legend.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Johannesburg_2006_regions_with_legend.PNG/220px-Johannesburg_2006_regions_with_legend.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Johannesburg_2006_regions_with_legend.PNG/330px-Johannesburg_2006_regions_with_legend.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Johannesburg_2006_regions_with_legend.PNG/440px-Johannesburg_2006_regions_with_legend.PNG 2x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="831" /></a><figcaption>The seven regions of the city</figcaption></figure> <p>Upon the creation of the Metropolitan Municipality in 2000 the city was subdivided into eleven regions, simply named Region 1 to Region 11. These were reorganised in 2006 into the current seven regions named alphabetically Region A to Region G, as shown on the nearby map.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2006<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the seven regions are: </p> <ul><li><i>Region A</i>: Diepsloot, Kya Sand;</li> <li><i>Region B</i>: Randburg, Rosebank, Emmarentia, Greenside, Melville, Northcliff, Rosebank, Parktown, Parktown North;</li> <li><i>Region C</i>: Roodepoort, Constantia Kloof, Northgate;</li> <li><i>Region D</i>: Doornkop, <a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a>, Dobsonville, Protea Glen;</li> <li><i>Region E</i>: Alexandra, Wynberg, <a href="/wiki/Sandton" title="Sandton">Sandton</a>;</li> <li><i>Region F</i>: Inner City;</li> <li><i>Region G</i>: Orange Farm, Ennerdale, Lenasia.</li></ul> <p>In the 2016 municipal elections, the ruling party, the ANC, lost their majority in Johannesburg for the first time since taking power in 1994, claiming only 44.12% of the vote. The Economic Freedom Fighters and Democratic Alliance both agreed to vote for the DA mayoral candidate, <a href="/wiki/Herman_Mashaba" title="Herman Mashaba">Herman Mashaba</a>, who was sworn into power as the first Democratic Alliance mayor of Johannesburg on 22 August 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ANC returned to the city's executive on 4 December 2019 following the election of its regional chair, <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Makhubo" title="Geoff Makhubo">Geoff Makhubo</a>, to the mayoralty.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Makhubo died on 9 July 2021 and <a href="/wiki/Eunice_Mgcina" class="mw-redirect" title="Eunice Mgcina">Eunice Mgcina</a> was appointed acting mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new mayor, Jolidee Matongo, was elected unopposed on 10 August 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Matongo died in a car accident in September 2021 and <a href="/wiki/Mpho_Moerane" title="Mpho Moerane">Mpho Moerane</a> was elected to succeed him.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_african_police_may_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/South_african_police_may_2010.jpg/220px-South_african_police_may_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/South_african_police_may_2010.jpg/330px-South_african_police_may_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/South_african_police_may_2010.jpg/440px-South_african_police_may_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1974" data-file-height="1347" /></a><figcaption>Officers of the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Police_Service" title="South African Police Service">South African Police Service</a> with <a href="/wiki/R4_assault_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="R4 assault rifle">Vektor R5</a> rifles on parade in Johannesburg, 2010</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soweto_township.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Soweto_township.jpg/220px-Soweto_township.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Soweto_township.jpg/330px-Soweto_township.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Soweto_township.jpg/440px-Soweto_township.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Shanty_town" title="Shanty town">shanty town</a> in <a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a> <a href="/wiki/Township_(South_Africa)" title="Township (South Africa)">township</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Group_Areas_Act" title="Group Areas Act">Group Areas Act</a> was scrapped in 1991, Johannesburg was affected by <a href="/wiki/Urban_blight" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban blight">urban blight</a>. Thousands of poor black people, who had been forbidden to live in the city proper, moved into the city from surrounding black townships like <a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a> and many immigrants from economically beleaguered and wartorn African nations flooded into South Africa. Many buildings were abandoned by <a href="/wiki/Landlord" title="Landlord">landlords</a>, especially in high-density areas, such as <a href="/wiki/Hillbrow" title="Hillbrow">Hillbrow</a>. Many corporations and institutions, including the <a href="/wiki/JSE_Securities_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="JSE Securities Exchange">stock exchange</a>, moved their headquarters away from the city centre, to suburbs like <a href="/wiki/Sandton" title="Sandton">Sandton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reviving the city centre is one of the main aims of the municipal government of Johannesburg. Drastic measures have been taken to reduce crime in the city. These measures include <a href="/wiki/Closed-circuit_television" title="Closed-circuit television">closed-circuit television</a> on street corners. As of 11 December 2008, every street corner in Johannesburg central is under high-tech <a href="/wiki/Closed-circuit_television" title="Closed-circuit television">CCTV</a> surveillance.<sup id="cite_ref-iol.co.za_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iol.co.za-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CCTV system, operated by the Johannesburg Metropolitan Police Department (JMPD), is also able to detect stolen or hijacked vehicles by scanning the number plates of every vehicle travelling through the central business district (CBD), then comparing them to the eNaTIS database. The JMPD claims that the average response time by police for crimes committed in the CBD is 60 seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-iol.co.za_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iol.co.za-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crime levels in Johannesburg have dropped as the economy has stabilised and begun to grow.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2001 and 2006, R9-billion (US$1.2 billion) has been invested in the city centre. Further investment of around R10-billion (US$1.5 billion) is expected in the city centre alone by 2010. This excludes development directly associated with the 2010 FIFA World Cup.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an effort to prepare Johannesburg for the <a href="/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2010 FIFA World Cup">2010 FIFA World Cup</a>, local government enlisted the help of <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a>, to help bring down the crime rate, as the opening and closing matches of the tournament were played in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Murders" class="mw-redirect" title="Murders">Murders</a> in the Johannesburg municipality amounted to 1,697 in 2007 according to the South African Medical Research Council, a rate of 43 per 100,000 inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016 that number had sharply declined to 29.4 per 100,000 inhabitants, placing the murder rate at more than half of that of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> and even below the national average.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johannesburg is a cultural hub in South Africa<sup id="cite_ref-JoburgCulture1_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JoburgCulture1-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has a wide variety of cultural venues, making it a prominent area for many creative and cultural industries.<sup id="cite_ref-JoburgCulture1_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JoburgCulture1-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johannesburg is home to the National School of Arts, The University of Witwatersrand's School of the Arts and the South African Ballet Theatre,<sup id="cite_ref-JoburgCulture1_116-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JoburgCulture1-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NSA_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSA-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Art_Gallery" title="Johannesburg Art Gallery">Johannesburg Art Gallery</a><sup id="cite_ref-JoziArtGallery_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JoziArtGallery-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other prominent cultural landmarks, such as the <a href="/wiki/Mary_Fitzgerald_Square" title="Mary Fitzgerald Square">Mary Fitzgerald Square</a><sup id="cite_ref-JoburgCulture1_116-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JoburgCulture1-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and numerous other museums, theatres, galleries and libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-JoburgCulture1_116-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JoburgCulture1-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_City_Library" title="Johannesburg City Library">Johannesburg City Library</a> is located in the Central Business District of Johannesburg.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_and_galleries">Museums and galleries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Museums and galleries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:9_2_228_0069-Art_Gallery-Johannesburg-s_(square).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/9_2_228_0069-Art_Gallery-Johannesburg-s_%28square%29.jpg/220px-9_2_228_0069-Art_Gallery-Johannesburg-s_%28square%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/9_2_228_0069-Art_Gallery-Johannesburg-s_%28square%29.jpg/330px-9_2_228_0069-Art_Gallery-Johannesburg-s_%28square%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/9_2_228_0069-Art_Gallery-Johannesburg-s_%28square%29.jpg/440px-9_2_228_0069-Art_Gallery-Johannesburg-s_%28square%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1239" data-file-height="1240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Art_Gallery" title="Johannesburg Art Gallery">Johannesburg Art Gallery</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apartheidmuseumpool.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Apartheidmuseumpool.JPG/220px-Apartheidmuseumpool.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Apartheidmuseumpool.JPG/330px-Apartheidmuseumpool.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Apartheidmuseumpool.JPG/440px-Apartheidmuseumpool.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Apartheid_Museum" title="Apartheid Museum">Apartheid Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Specialist museums cover subjects such as Africana, costume, design, <a href="/wiki/Fossils" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossils">fossils</a>, geology, <a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">military history</a>, medical, <a href="/wiki/Pharmacy" title="Pharmacy">pharmacy</a>, photography and transportation networks such as railways. <a href="/wiki/Gold_Reef_City" title="Gold Reef City">Gold Reef City</a>, a living museum, was originally part of the Crown Mines Complex, where gold was mined to a depth of 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). The <a href="/wiki/Market_Theatre_(Johannesburg)" title="Market Theatre (Johannesburg)">Market Theatre</a> stages plays, comedy shows, and musical performances. </p><p>The following is a list of some of the museums and galleries that can be found in Johannesburg.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>AECI Dynamite Factory Museum</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>The AECI Dynamite Factory Museum, housed in the 1895 residence of a mining official, records the history of explosives, with particular emphasis on their use in the mining industry.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Adler Museum of Medicine</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>History of Medicine, brainchild of Dr Cyril Adler, was formally inaugurated 1962. The museum's role was to collect and preserve for posterity all material that would illustrate the history of medicine in general and of South Africa in particular.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid_Museum" title="Apartheid Museum">Apartheid Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Hill,_Johannesburg" title="Constitution Hill, Johannesburg">Constitution Hill, Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Pieterson_Museum" title="Hector Pieterson Museum">Hector Pieterson Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hall_Transport_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="James Hall Transport Museum">James Hall Transport Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Art_Gallery" title="Johannesburg Art Gallery">Johannesburg Art Gallery</a></li> <li>Madiba Freedom Museum</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Named after the former President Mandela's clan, the museum's theme is Mzabalazo and charts South Africa's journey to democracy.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MuseuMAfricA" title="MuseuMAfricA">MuseuMAfricA</a>.</li> <li>Origins Centre Museum</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Located on the campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="University of the Witwatersrand">University of the Witwatersrand</a> in <a href="/wiki/Braamfontein" title="Braamfontein">Braamfontein</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this museum contains some excellent examples of southern African rock art and the origins of humankind.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Bernberg Fashion Museum</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Bernberg Fashion Museum is primarily a museum collection, consisting of objects, and explains why and how clothing has changed and how the fashions of the past influence those of today.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Museum_of_Military_History" title="South African National Museum of Military History">South African National Museum of Military History</a></li> <li>Zoology Museum</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>The Zoology Museum is the only natural history museum in Johannesburg which is unusual because all the other major cities in South Africa have large public natural history museums. It has retained a unique character as the display specimens are exhibited in finely crafted teak cabinets which allow the viewer to engage directly with scores of objects at close range.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entertainment_and_performing_arts">Entertainment and performing arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Entertainment and performing arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rise_Against_at_RAMFest_2013_in_Johannesburg,_South_Africa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Rise_Against_at_RAMFest_2013_in_Johannesburg%2C_South_Africa.jpg/220px-Rise_Against_at_RAMFest_2013_in_Johannesburg%2C_South_Africa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Rise_Against_at_RAMFest_2013_in_Johannesburg%2C_South_Africa.jpg/330px-Rise_Against_at_RAMFest_2013_in_Johannesburg%2C_South_Africa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Rise_Against_at_RAMFest_2013_in_Johannesburg%2C_South_Africa.jpg/440px-Rise_Against_at_RAMFest_2013_in_Johannesburg%2C_South_Africa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rise_Against" title="Rise Against">Rise Against</a> performing live in Johannesburg, South Africa, as part of <a href="/wiki/RAMFest" title="RAMFest">RAMFest</a> 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>Johannesburg hosts many of South Africa's premier music events, such as <a href="/wiki/RAMFest" title="RAMFest">RAMFest</a>'s Johannesburg leg,<sup id="cite_ref-RAM10_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAM10-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RAM11JOZI_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAM11JOZI-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RAM12JOZI_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAM12JOZI-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RAM13_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAM13-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/In_the_City_(South_African_festival)" title="In the City (South African festival)">In The City</a><sup id="cite_ref-VITC2012_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VITC2012-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many international tours from bands and artists around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several critically acclaimed musical acts come from Johannesburg, such as <a href="/wiki/Kongos_(band)" title="Kongos (band)">Kongos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Clegg" title="Johnny Clegg">Johnny Clegg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Rabin" title="Trevor Rabin">Trevor Rabin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zebra_%26_Giraffe" title="Zebra & Giraffe">Zebra & Giraffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Man_As_Machine" title="Man As Machine">Man As Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Parlotones" title="The Parlotones">The Parlotones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shortstraw" title="Shortstraw">ShortStraw</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Joburg_Theatre" title="Joburg Theatre">Joburg Theatre</a> complex hosts drama, opera and ballet. </p><p>The Market Theatre Foundation houses the historic <a href="/wiki/Market_Theatre_(Johannesburg)" title="Market Theatre (Johannesburg)">Market Theatre</a> in Newtown with various sized stages holding performances from theatre to music and dance. The foundation also oversees the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marketlab.co.za">Market Theatre Laboratory</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marketphotoworkshop.co.za">The Market Photo Workshop</a> – run training programmes for young creatives and presenting work to the public. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_art">Public art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Public art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Public art ranges from sculptures to murals to pieces by artists like <a href="/wiki/William_Kentridge" title="William Kentridge">William Kentridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Marx" title="Gerhard Marx">Gerhard Marx</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fire_Walker" title="Fire Walker">Fire Walker</a>. Many pieces are developed through community workshops, such as the Vilakazi Street sculptures. Others are functional, such as street furniture found in <a href="/wiki/Hillbrow" title="Hillbrow">Hillbrow</a> and the city centre.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As part of the Johannesburg Development Agency's (JDA) policy to make city areas desirable to potential investors, the organisation has identified public art as a way to improve the urban experience of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The JDA spends 1 percent of all projects of over R10-million on public art.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture_and_urbanism">Architecture and urbanism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Architecture and urbanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Johannesburg" title="Architecture of Johannesburg">Architecture of Johannesburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suburbs_of_Johannesburg" title="Suburbs of Johannesburg">Suburbs of Johannesburg</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trust_Bank_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Trust_Bank_Building.jpg/220px-Trust_Bank_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Trust_Bank_Building.jpg/330px-Trust_Bank_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Trust_Bank_Building.jpg/440px-Trust_Bank_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="2147" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trust_Bank_Building" title="Trust Bank Building">Trust Bank Building</a> in 2018</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joburg_skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Joburg_skyline.jpg/220px-Joburg_skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Joburg_skyline.jpg/330px-Joburg_skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Joburg_skyline.jpg/440px-Joburg_skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="814" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>Johannesburg Central Business District</figcaption></figure> <p>Johannesburg is home to some of Africa's tallest structures, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sentech_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentech Tower">Sentech Tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hillbrow_Tower" title="Hillbrow Tower">Hillbrow Tower</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Carlton_Centre" title="Carlton Centre">Carlton Centre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ponte_City_Apartments" class="mw-redirect" title="Ponte City Apartments">Ponte City Apartments</a>. The Johannesburg city skyline has most of the tallest buildings on the continent and contains most international organisations such as <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Absa_Group" title="Absa Group">Absa</a>, <a href="/wiki/BHP" title="BHP">BHP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willis_Group" title="Willis Group">Willis Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_National_Bank_(South_Africa)" title="First National Bank (South Africa)">First National Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nedbank" title="Nedbank">Nedbank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_Bank" title="Standard Bank">Standard Bank</a>. Many of the city's older buildings have been demolished and more modern ones built in their place. North of the CBD is <a href="/wiki/Hillbrow" title="Hillbrow">Hillbrow</a>, the most densely populated residential area in southern Africa. Northwest of the CBD is <a href="/wiki/Braamfontein" title="Braamfontein">Braamfontein</a>, a secondary CBD housing many offices and business premises. The CBD is predominated by four styles of architecture, being <a href="/wiki/Colonial_architecture" title="Colonial architecture">Victorian Colonial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_Baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwardian Baroque">Edwardian Baroque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a>. </p><p>The city is often described as Africa's economic powerhouse, and contentiously as a modern and prosperous African city.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johannesburg, like many metropolises, has more than one central business district (CBD), including, but not limited to, Sandton, Rosebank and Roodepoort in addition to the original CBD. Some tend to include Benoni and Germiston as well. </p><p>Due to its many different central districts, Johannesburg would fall under the <a href="/wiki/Multiple_nuclei_model" title="Multiple nuclei model">multiple nuclei model</a> in <a href="/wiki/Human_geography" title="Human geography">human geography</a> terms. It is the hub of South Africa's commercial, financial, industrial, and mining undertakings. Johannesburg is part of a larger urban region. It is closely linked with several other satellite towns. <a href="/wiki/Randburg" title="Randburg">Randburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandton" title="Sandton">Sandton</a> form part of the northern area. The east and west ridges spread out from central Johannesburg. The Central Business District covers an area of 6 square kilometres (2 sq mi). It consists of closely packed skyscrapers such as the <a href="/wiki/Carlton_Centre" title="Carlton Centre">Carlton Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marble_Towers" title="Marble Towers">Marble Towers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trust_Bank_Building" title="Trust Bank Building">Trust Bank Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ponte_City_Apartments" class="mw-redirect" title="Ponte City Apartments">Ponte City Apartments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Life_Centre" title="Southern Life Centre">Southern Life Centre</a> and <a href="/wiki/11_Diagonal_Street" title="11 Diagonal Street">11 Diagonal Street</a>. </p><p>Johannesburg's city centre retains its elements of a rectangular grid pattern that was first officially recorded in 1886.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Streets are narrow and filled with high rises built in the mid- to late 1900s. Old Victorian–era buildings first built in the late 1800s have been torn down long ago.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1900s brought along with it the introduction of many different architectural styles and structures. The Johannesburg Art Gallery and Supreme Court Building being two examples. These were important Beaux-Arts structures, with the style put in place by (at the time) colonial parent, the British Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> South Africa didn't borrow architectural techniques exclusively from Britain, however. They were also inspired by American models and styles, having built several structures like the ESKOM Building and the Corner House to emulate the prowess of New York City, located in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1108px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramic_Joburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panoramic view of the Johannesburg Central Business District"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Panoramic_Joburg.jpg/1100px-Panoramic_Joburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="1100" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Panoramic_Joburg.jpg/1650px-Panoramic_Joburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Panoramic_Joburg.jpg/2200px-Panoramic_Joburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5580" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramic_Joburg.jpg" title="File:Panoramic Joburg.jpg"> </a></div>Panoramic view of the <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_CBD" title="Johannesburg CBD">Johannesburg Central Business District</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Uruguay_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Uruguay_Ghana.jpg/220px-FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Uruguay_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Uruguay_Ghana.jpg/330px-FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Uruguay_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Uruguay_Ghana.jpg/440px-FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Uruguay_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Uruguay_national_football_team" title="Uruguay national football team">Uruguay</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Ghana_national_football_team" title="Ghana national football team">Ghana</a> at the <a href="/wiki/FNB_Stadium" title="FNB Stadium">FNB Stadium</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2010 FIFA World Cup">2010 FIFA World Cup</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Johannesburg's most popular sports by participation are <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Running" title="Running">running</a>. Early each Sunday morning, tens of thousands of runners gather to take part in informal runs organised by several athletic clubs. </p><p>The city has several football clubs in the <a href="/wiki/Premier_Soccer_League" title="Premier Soccer League">Premier Soccer League</a> (PSL) and the <a href="/wiki/National_First_Division" title="National First Division">National First Division</a>. In the PSL, the top Johannesburg teams are all fierce rivals and include <a href="/wiki/Kaizer_Chiefs_F.C." title="Kaizer Chiefs F.C.">Kaizer Chiefs</a> (nicknamed <i>Amakhosi</i>), <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Pirates_F.C." title="Orlando Pirates F.C.">Orlando Pirates</a> (nicknamed the <i>Buccaneers</i>), <a href="/wiki/Moroka_Swallows_F.C." title="Moroka Swallows F.C.">Moroka Swallows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wits_University_F.C." title="Wits University F.C.">Wits University</a> (nicknamed the <i>Clever Boys</i>). They are based at the city's <a href="/wiki/FNB_Stadium" title="FNB Stadium">FNB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Stadium" title="Orlando Stadium">Orlando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dobsonville_Stadium" title="Dobsonville Stadium">Dobsonville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bidvest_Stadium" title="Bidvest Stadium">Bidvest</a> stadiums. Several large-scale league and cup games are played at <a href="/wiki/Soccer_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer City">Soccer City</a> the venue of the <a href="/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2010 FIFA World Cup">2010 FIFA World Cup</a> final. First Division teams are <a href="/wiki/Jomo_Cosmos" class="mw-redirect" title="Jomo Cosmos">Jomo Cosmos</a> and <a href="/wiki/FC_AK" title="FC AK">FC AK</a>. Katlehong City and Alexandra United, play at <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandra Stadium">Alexandra</a> and Reiger Park stadium respectively. </p><p>Cricket is one of the more popular sports. In cricket, the <a href="/wiki/Highveld_Lions" class="mw-redirect" title="Highveld Lions">Highveld Lions</a> represent Johannesburg, the rest of Gauteng as well as the <a href="/wiki/North_West_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="North West Province">North West</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wanderers_Stadium" title="Wanderers Stadium">Wanderers Stadium</a> which was the venue for the <a href="/wiki/2003_Cricket_World_Cup" title="2003 Cricket World Cup">2003 Cricket World Cup</a> Final in which <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_cricket_team" title="Australia national cricket team">Australia</a> successfully defended their title against <a href="/wiki/India_national_cricket_team" title="India national cricket team">India</a>. Wanderers Stadium hosted what many cricket fans consider the greatest ever <a href="/wiki/One_Day_International_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="One Day International cricket">ODI</a> match in which South Africa successfully chased down 434 runs. They take part in the <a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">first class</a> <a href="/wiki/SuperSport_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="SuperSport Series">SuperSport Series</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Limited_overs_cricket" title="Limited overs cricket">one-day</a> <a href="/wiki/MTN_Domestic_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="MTN Domestic Championship">MTN Domestic Championship</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">Twenty20</a> <a href="/wiki/Ram_Slam_T20_Challenge" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Slam T20 Challenge">Ram Slam T20 Challenge</a>. Johannesburg also hosted matches from and the final of the <a href="/wiki/2007_ICC_World_Twenty20" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 ICC World Twenty20">2007 ICC World Twenty20</a>, in which India beat <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_national_cricket_team" title="Pakistan national cricket team">Pakistan</a> in the final. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lions_(United_Rugby_Championship)" title="Lions (United Rugby Championship)">Lions</a>, formerly the Cats, represent Johannesburg, <a href="/wiki/North_West_(South_African_province)" title="North West (South African province)">North West</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mpumalanga" title="Mpumalanga">Mpumalanga</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Rugby_Championship" title="United Rugby Championship">United Rugby Championship</a> competition, which includes teams from South Africa, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. The <a href="/wiki/Golden_Lions" title="Golden Lions">Golden Lions</a> compete in the <a href="/wiki/Currie_Cup" title="Currie Cup">Currie Cup</a>, which they have won on ten occasions. They are housed at <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Park_Stadium" title="Ellis Park Stadium">Ellis Park Stadium</a>, which also hosted the <a href="/wiki/World_Rugby" title="World Rugby">IRB</a> <a href="/wiki/1995_Rugby_World_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="1995 Rugby World Cup Final">1995 Rugby World Cup Final</a>, in which the South African <a href="/wiki/Springboks" class="mw-redirect" title="Springboks">Springboks</a> defeated the New Zealand <a href="/wiki/All_Blacks" class="mw-redirect" title="All Blacks">All Blacks</a>. </p><p>The city's <a href="/wiki/Ticketpro_Dome" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticketpro Dome">Ticketpro Dome</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Park_Arena" title="Ellis Park Arena">Ellis Park Arena</a> hosted two of the three <a href="/wiki/NBA_Africa_Game_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA Africa Game (disambiguation)">NBA Africa Games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johannesburg is a young and sprawling city, with its public transportation built in its infancy, geared towards private motorists, and lacks a convenient public transportation system. The City though has invested a large percentage of its budget<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> toward an effective integrated public transportation system. A significant number of the city's residents are dependent on the city's informal minibus taxis.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roads">Roads</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Freeways" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannesburg Freeways">Johannesburg Freeways</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johannesburg,_Gauteng,_South_Africa_(2417711025).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Johannesburg%2C_Gauteng%2C_South_Africa_%282417711025%29.jpg/220px-Johannesburg%2C_Gauteng%2C_South_Africa_%282417711025%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Johannesburg%2C_Gauteng%2C_South_Africa_%282417711025%29.jpg/330px-Johannesburg%2C_Gauteng%2C_South_Africa_%282417711025%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Johannesburg%2C_Gauteng%2C_South_Africa_%282417711025%29.jpg/440px-Johannesburg%2C_Gauteng%2C_South_Africa_%282417711025%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="671" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/M1_(Johannesburg)" title="M1 (Johannesburg)">M1</a> is a major freeway in Johannesburg</figcaption></figure> <p>Johannesburg shares a network of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Routes_in_Johannesburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Routes in Johannesburg">metropolitan routes</a> with <a href="/wiki/Krugersdorp" title="Krugersdorp">Krugersdorp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ekurhuleni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekurhuleni">Ekurhuleni</a>. The fact that Johannesburg is not near a large navigable body of water has meant that ground transportation has been the most important method of transporting people and goods in and out of the city. One of Africa's most famous "beltways" or ring roads/orbitals is the <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Ring_Road" title="Johannesburg Ring Road">Johannesburg Ring Road</a>. The road is composed of three freeways that converge on the city, forming an 80-kilometre (50 mi) loop around it: the <a href="/wiki/N3_Eastern_Bypass_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="N3 Eastern Bypass (South Africa)">N3 Eastern Bypass</a>, the <a href="/wiki/N1_Western_Bypass_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="N1 Western Bypass (South Africa)">N1 Western Bypass</a> and the <a href="/wiki/N12_Southern_Bypass_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="N12 Southern Bypass (South Africa)">N12 Southern Bypass</a>. The <a href="/wiki/N3_road_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="N3 road (South Africa)">N3</a> was built exclusively with <a href="/wiki/Asphalt_concrete" title="Asphalt concrete">asphalt</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/N12_(South_Africa)" title="N12 (South Africa)">N12</a> and <a href="/wiki/N1_road_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="N1 road (South Africa)">N1</a> sections were made with concrete, hence the nickname given to the N1 Western Bypass, "The Concrete Highway". In spite of being up to 12 lanes wide in some areas, the Johannesburg Ring Road is frequently clogged with traffic. The Gillooly's Interchange (renamed George Bizos Interchange in 2021<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), built on an old farm and the point at which the N3 Eastern Bypass and the <a href="/wiki/R24_(Gauteng)" class="mw-redirect" title="R24 (Gauteng)">R24 Airport Freeway</a> intersect, is the busiest interchange in the Southern Hemisphere.<sup id="cite_ref-sanral_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanral-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is claimed<sup id="cite_ref-sanral_140-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanral-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the N1 is the busiest road in South Africa. </p><p>Johannesburg has a lot of freeways connected to it.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/N1_road_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="N1 road (South Africa)">N1</a> connects northwards to <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polokwane" title="Polokwane">Polokwane</a> and southwards to <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_142-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/N3_road_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="N3 road (South Africa)">N3</a> connects south-east to <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_142-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/N12_road_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="N12 road (South Africa)">N12</a> connects westwards to <a href="/wiki/Potchefstroom" title="Potchefstroom">Potchefstroom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kimberley,_Northern_Cape" title="Kimberley, Northern Cape">Kimberley</a> and eastwards to <a href="/wiki/Witbank" title="Witbank">eMalahleni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_142-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/N14_road_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="N14 road (South Africa)">N14</a> passes at the north-western corner of the Johannesburg Municipality, connecting <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> with <a href="/wiki/Krugersdorp" title="Krugersdorp">Krugersdorp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_142-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/N17_road_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="N17 road (South Africa)">N17</a> connects eastwards to <a href="/wiki/Ermelo,_South_Africa" title="Ermelo, South Africa">Ermelo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_142-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/R21_(Gauteng)" class="mw-redirect" title="R21 (Gauteng)">R21</a> connects the <a href="/wiki/East_Rand" title="East Rand">East Rand</a> and <a href="/wiki/O._R._Tambo_International_Airport" title="O. R. Tambo International Airport">O. R. Tambo International Airport</a> with Pretoria.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_142-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/R24_(Gauteng)" class="mw-redirect" title="R24 (Gauteng)">R24</a> connects the <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_CBD" title="Johannesburg CBD">Johannesburg CBD</a> with the airport.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_142-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/R59_(Free_State)" class="mw-redirect" title="R59 (Free State)">R59</a> connects southwards to <a href="/wiki/Vereeniging" title="Vereeniging">Vereeniging</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sasolburg" title="Sasolburg">Sasolburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_142-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/M1_(Johannesburg)" title="M1 (Johannesburg)">M1</a> connects the Johannesburg CBD with the northern suburbs and the <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_South" title="Johannesburg South">southern suburbs</a>. The <a href="/wiki/M2_road_(Johannesburg)" class="mw-redirect" title="M2 road (Johannesburg)">M2</a> connects the Johannesburg CBD with the <a href="/wiki/Germiston" title="Germiston">Germiston CBD</a> to the east. The M1 and M2 freeways are congested due to mass urbanisation. </p><p>Johannesburg also has a lot of non-freeway routes that connect to other towns and cities. The <a href="/wiki/R24_(South_Africa)" title="R24 (South Africa)">R24</a> connects the Johannesburg city centre with <a href="/wiki/Roodepoort" title="Roodepoort">Roodepoort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krugersdorp" title="Krugersdorp">Krugersdorp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rustenburg" title="Rustenburg">Rustenburg</a> to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_142-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/R25_(South_Africa)" title="R25 (South Africa)">R25</a> connects Johannesburg's northern suburbs with <a href="/wiki/Modderfontein_(East_Rand)" title="Modderfontein (East Rand)">Modderfontein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kempton_Park,_South_Africa" title="Kempton Park, South Africa">Kempton Park</a> to the north-east.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_142-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/R29_(South_Africa)" title="R29 (South Africa)">R29</a> connects the city centre with <a href="/wiki/Germiston" title="Germiston">Germiston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boksburg" title="Boksburg">Boksburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benoni,_South_Africa" title="Benoni, South Africa">Benoni</a> to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_142-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/R41_(South_Africa)" title="R41 (South Africa)">R41</a> connects the city centre with Roodepoort and <a href="/wiki/Randfontein" title="Randfontein">Randfontein</a> to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_142-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/R55_(South_Africa)" title="R55 (South Africa)">R55</a> connects <a href="/wiki/Sandton" title="Sandton">Sandton</a> with <a href="/wiki/Pretoria_West" title="Pretoria West">Pretoria West</a> to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_142-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/R82_(South_Africa)" title="R82 (South Africa)">R82</a> connects <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_South" title="Johannesburg South">Johannesburg South</a> with <a href="/wiki/Vereeniging" title="Vereeniging">Vereeniging</a> to the south.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_142-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/R101_(South_Africa)" title="R101 (South Africa)">R101</a> connects Sandton with <a href="/wiki/Midrand" title="Midrand">Midrand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centurion,_South_Africa" title="Centurion, South Africa">Centurion</a> and Pretoria to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_142-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/R511_(South_Africa)" title="R511 (South Africa)">R511</a> connects Sandton with <a href="/wiki/Diepsloot" title="Diepsloot">Diepsloot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hartbeespoort" title="Hartbeespoort">Hartbeespoort</a> to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_142-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/R512_(South_Africa)" title="R512 (South Africa)">R512</a> connects <a href="/wiki/Randburg" title="Randburg">Randburg</a> with <a href="/wiki/Lanseria_International_Airport" title="Lanseria International Airport">Lanseria International Airport</a> and Hartbeespoort to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_142-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bus_and_taxi_transit">Bus and taxi transit</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Bus and taxi transit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rea_Vaya_stop_in_CBD.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Rea_Vaya_stop_in_CBD.JPG/220px-Rea_Vaya_stop_in_CBD.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Rea_Vaya_stop_in_CBD.JPG/330px-Rea_Vaya_stop_in_CBD.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Rea_Vaya_stop_in_CBD.JPG/440px-Rea_Vaya_stop_in_CBD.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rea_Vaya" title="Rea Vaya">Rea Vaya</a> bus stop in <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_CBD" title="Johannesburg CBD">Johannesburg CBD</a> in Commissioner Street at Ntemi Piliso Street</figcaption></figure> <p>Johannesburg is served by a bus fleet operated by MetroBus, a corporate unit of the City of Johannesburg.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a fleet consisting of approximately 550 single and double-decker buses, plying 84 different routes in the city. This total includes 200 modern buses (150 double-deckers and 50 single-deckers), made by <a href="/wiki/Volvo" title="Volvo">Volvo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scania_AB" title="Scania AB">Scania AB</a> and Marcopolo/Brasa in 2002. Metrobus' fleet carries approximately 20 million passengers per annum. In addition, there are a number of private bus operators, though most focus on the inter-city routes, or on bus charters for touring groups. The city's main bus terminus is situated in <a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Square" title="Gandhi Square">Gandhi Square</a>, where passengers can also obtain information regarding the Metrobus service from the walk-in customer information desk. </p><p>In 2010, in order to create an efficient public transport system the <a href="/wiki/Rea_Vaya" title="Rea Vaya">Rea Vaya</a> bus rapid system was developed/built. The buses run on their own dedicated bus lanes on the main trunk and complementary routes. The buses also have large feeder routes that run on ordinary roads. The Rea Vaya works on a smartcard payment system, on entering the station or bus the passenger taps his/her smartcard onto the validator/scanner and taps out at the next station with the calculated amount. The routes cover both the southern and northern suburbs with the main trunk route running from Soweto to Sandton and Rosebank, and the feeder and complementary routes covering most of Johannesburg, with the notable exceptions of Midrand and Centurion. A subsequent expansion (phase 1-C;1-D) will cover these areas. In 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Rea_Vaya" title="Rea Vaya">Rea Vaya</a> bus rapid transit was recorded to be making huge losses recovering only about 40 per cent of the operating costs and relying heavily on government subsidies.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johannesburg has two kinds of taxis, <a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">metered taxis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minibus_taxi#Minibus_taxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Minibus taxi">minibus taxis</a>. Unlike many cities, metered taxis are not allowed to drive around the city looking for passengers and instead must be called and ordered to a destination. The Gauteng Provincial Government has launched a new metered taxi programme in an attempt to increase the use of metered taxis in the city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The minibus "taxis" are the <i>de facto</i> standard and essential form of transport for the majority of the population. Since the 1980s, the minibus taxi industry has been severely affected by <a href="/wiki/Taxi_wars_in_South_Africa" title="Taxi wars in South Africa">turf wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Airports">Airports</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ekurhuleni_Aerotropolis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ekurhuleni_Aerotropolis.jpg/220px-Ekurhuleni_Aerotropolis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ekurhuleni_Aerotropolis.jpg/330px-Ekurhuleni_Aerotropolis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ekurhuleni_Aerotropolis.jpg/440px-Ekurhuleni_Aerotropolis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1298" data-file-height="871" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/O._R._Tambo_International_Airport" title="O. R. Tambo International Airport">O. R. Tambo International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Johannesburg is served principally by <a href="/wiki/O._R._Tambo_International_Airport" title="O. R. Tambo International Airport">O. R. Tambo International Airport</a> (formerly Johannesburg International Airport and before that Jan Smuts Airport) for both domestic and international flights. <a href="/wiki/Lanseria_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanseria Airport">Lanseria Airport</a>, located to the north-west of the city and closer to the business hub of <a href="/wiki/Sandton" title="Sandton">Sandton</a>, is used for commercial flights to <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Elizabeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Elizabeth">Port Elizabeth</a>, Botswana, and <a href="/wiki/Sun_City,_North_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun City, North West">Sun City</a>. Other airports include <a href="/wiki/Rand_Airport" title="Rand Airport">Rand Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Airport" title="Grand Central Airport">Grand Central Airport</a>. Rand Airport, located in <a href="/wiki/Germiston,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Germiston, Gauteng">Germiston</a>, is a small airfield used mostly for private aircraft and the home of <a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways">South African Airways</a>' first Boeing 747–200 ZS-SAN and also 747SP ZS-SPC and now serves as an aviation museum. Grand Central is located in Midrand and also caters to small, private aircraft. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rail">Rail</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Africa-Metrorail-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/South_Africa-Metrorail-001.jpg/220px-South_Africa-Metrorail-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/South_Africa-Metrorail-001.jpg/330px-South_Africa-Metrorail-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/South_Africa-Metrorail-001.jpg/440px-South_Africa-Metrorail-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Metrorail_Gauteng" title="Metrorail Gauteng">Metrorail Gauteng</a> at <a href="/wiki/Braamfontein" title="Braamfontein">Braamfontein</a>, Johannesburg</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Metrorail_Gauteng" title="Metrorail Gauteng">Metrorail Gauteng</a> <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> system connects central Johannesburg to <a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, and most of the satellite towns along the <a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand" title="Witwatersrand">Witwatersrand</a>. The railways transport huge numbers of commuters every day. However, the Metrorail infrastructure was built in Johannesburg's infancy and covers only the older areas in the city's south. The northern areas, including the business districts of <a href="/wiki/Sandton,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandton, Gauteng">Sandton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midrand,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Midrand, Gauteng">Midrand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randburg,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Randburg, Gauteng">Randburg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rosebank,_Gauteng" title="Rosebank, Gauteng">Rosebank</a>, are served by the rapid <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">rail</a> link <a href="/wiki/Gautrain" title="Gautrain">Gautrain</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gautrain...,_O_R_Tambo_Intl_Airport_South_Africa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gautrain...%2C_O_R_Tambo_Intl_Airport_South_Africa.jpg/220px-Gautrain...%2C_O_R_Tambo_Intl_Airport_South_Africa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gautrain...%2C_O_R_Tambo_Intl_Airport_South_Africa.jpg/330px-Gautrain...%2C_O_R_Tambo_Intl_Airport_South_Africa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gautrain...%2C_O_R_Tambo_Intl_Airport_South_Africa.jpg/440px-Gautrain...%2C_O_R_Tambo_Intl_Airport_South_Africa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="1496" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gautrain" title="Gautrain">Gautrain</a> station at OR Tambo Airport</figcaption></figure> <p>A part of the Gauteng Provincial Government's Blue IQ Project, <a href="/wiki/Gautrain" title="Gautrain">Gautrain</a> has made provision for a rapid <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">rail</a> link, running north to south, between Johannesburg and Pretoria, and west to east between Sandton and the <a href="/wiki/OR_Tambo_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="OR Tambo International Airport">OR Tambo International Airport</a>. Construction of the Gautrain Rapid Rail started in October 2006 and was completed in June 2012. It consists of a number of underground stations, as well as above-ground stations. Stations on the north–south line include Johannesburg's <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Park_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannesburg Park Station">Park Station</a> (underground), <a href="/wiki/Rosebank_(Gautrain_station)" title="Rosebank (Gautrain station)">Rosebank</a> (underground), <a href="/wiki/Sandton_(Gautrain_station)" title="Sandton (Gautrain station)">Sandton</a> (underground), <a href="/wiki/Marlboro_(Gautrain_station)" title="Marlboro (Gautrain station)">Marlboro</a> (above-ground and raised), <a href="/wiki/Midrand_(Gautrain_station)" title="Midrand (Gautrain station)">Midrand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pretoria_railway_station" title="Pretoria railway station">Pretoria</a> Station and <a href="/wiki/Hatfield_(Gautrain_station)" title="Hatfield (Gautrain station)">Hatfield</a>. There is also a line from the O.R. Tambo International Airport (above-ground and raised) travelling to Sandton via <a href="/wiki/Rhodesfield_(Gautrain_station)" title="Rhodesfield (Gautrain station)">Rhodesfield</a> (raised) and Marlboro. A 200-kilometre expansion is underway and will consist of 3 new lines and 18 new stations, and is expected to cost R18 billion and one-lines (Soweto Mamalodi) could take 4 years to build, most of the new stations will be in Johannesburg. </p><p>The east–west line from the airport to Sandton opened in June 2010 in time for the <a href="/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2010 FIFA World Cup">2010 FIFA World Cup</a>, while the north–south line opened on 2 August 2011, except for Park Station, which opened in 2012. </p><p>The rail system was designed to alleviate traffic on the <a href="/wiki/N1_(South_Africa)" title="N1 (South Africa)">N1</a> freeway between Johannesburg and Pretoria, which records vehicle loads of up to 300,000 per week day.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An extensive bus feeder system has also been implemented, which allows access to the main stations from the outer suburbs, but is limited to a five-kilometre radius, which neglects the rest of the suburbs. This is the first new major railway system that has been laid in South Africa since 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, a <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg-Durban_High_Speed_Rail" title="Johannesburg-Durban High Speed Rail">high-speed rail link</a> was proposed between Johannesburg and <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020 the government announced plans for high-speed rail from Johannesburg to <a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Freight">Freight</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Freight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>City Deep Terminal is the name of Africa's largest <a href="/wiki/Dry_port" title="Dry port">dry port</a> and was officially opened by the South African Railways Services (SARS) in 1977. The container terminal is connected to the Port of Durban, Port of Ngqurha, Port of Cape Town, as well as Southern Africa by road and rail. At least forty percent of container export/imports run on the Natal Corridor (Natcor) which is directly linked by rail to City Deep. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telecommunication">Telecommunication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Telecommunication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johannesburg has 4 major cellular telecommunications operators: <a href="/wiki/Vodacom" title="Vodacom">Vodacom</a>, <a href="/wiki/MTN_Group" title="MTN Group">MTN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cell_C" title="Cell C">Cell C</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Telkom_Mobile" title="Telkom Mobile">Telkom Mobile</a>. Vodacom's global headquarters is located in <a href="/wiki/Midrand" title="Midrand">Midrand</a>. It was formed in 1994, just after the South African elections of 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporationHQ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/SouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporationHQ.jpg/220px-SouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporationHQ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/SouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporationHQ.jpg/330px-SouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporationHQ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/SouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporationHQ.jpg/440px-SouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporationHQ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation">South African Broadcasting Corporation</a> headquarters in Uitsaaisentrum, Johannesburg</figcaption></figure> <p>Johannesburg has a number of regional radio stations such as <a href="/wiki/94.7_Highveld_Stereo" class="mw-redirect" title="94.7 Highveld Stereo">94.7 Highveld Stereo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radiokansel_/_Radio_Pulpit" title="Radiokansel / Radio Pulpit">Radiokansel / Radio Pulpit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaya_FM" title="Kaya FM">Kaya FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_2000" title="Radio 2000">Radio 2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/YFM" title="YFM">YFM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_FM" title="Metro FM">Metro FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/5FM" title="5FM">5FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacaranda_FM" title="Jacaranda FM">Jacaranda FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/SAfm" title="SAfm">SAfm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phalaphala_FM" title="Phalaphala FM">Phalaphala FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_702" title="Radio 702">Radio 702</a> and <a href="/wiki/UJFM" title="UJFM">UJFM</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johannesburg is also the headquarters of state-owned broadcaster <a href="/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation">South African Broadcasting Corporation</a><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and pay-broadcast network Multichoice<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which distributes <a href="/wiki/M-Net" title="M-Net">M-Net</a> and <a href="/wiki/DStv" title="DStv">DStv</a> a digital satellite service, while <a href="/wiki/Etv_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Etv (South Africa)">eTV</a> also has a presence in the city. The city has two television towers, the <a href="/wiki/Hillbrow_Tower" title="Hillbrow Tower">Hillbrow Tower</a><sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Sentech_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentech Tower">Sentech Tower</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johannesburg is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-twins_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twins-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia"><img alt="Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>, Ethiopia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Canada</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>, Palestine</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia"><img alt="Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a>, Namibia</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partner_cities">Partner cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Partner cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johannesburg is cooperating with:<sup id="cite_ref-twins_158-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twins-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana"><img alt="Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a>, Ghana</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Democratic Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>, DR Congo</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique"><img alt="Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Matola" title="Matola">Matola</a>, Mozambique</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a>, France</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Principal+Agglomerations+of+the+World&rft.pub=Citypopulation.de&rft.date=2010-01-23&rft.au=Th.+Brinkhoff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fworld%2FAgglomerations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fasken.com/johannesburg/">"Johannesburg"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150426213642/http://www.fasken.com/johannesburg/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johannesburg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fasken.com%2Fjohannesburg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhana2018" class="citation journal cs1">Bhana, Deeksha (2018). "The Constitutional Court as the apex court for the common law of contract: Middle ground between the approaches of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court of Appeal". <i>South African Journal on Human Rights</i>. <b>34</b>: 8–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02587203.2018.1432100">10.1080/02587203.2018.1432100</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149346012">149346012</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Journal+on+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=The+Constitutional+Court+as+the+apex+court+for+the+common+law+of+contract%3A+Middle+ground+between+the+approaches+of+the+Constitutional+Court+and+the+Supreme+Court+of+Appeal&rft.volume=34&rft.pages=8-32&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02587203.2018.1432100&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149346012%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bhana&rft.aufirst=Deeksha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Johannesburg-South-Africa">"Johannesburg | City, History, Map, & Points of Interest | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. 3 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Johannesburg+%7C+City%2C+History%2C+Map%2C+%26+Points+of+Interest+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2023-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FJohannesburg-South-Africa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitchie2012" class="citation news cs1">Ritchie, Kevin (2 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iol.co.za/travel/south-Africa/northern-cape/a-jubilee-that-truly-sparkles-1332007">"A jubilee that truly sparkles"</a>. IOL. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308091514/https://www.iol.co.za/travel/south-africa/northern-cape/a-jubilee-that-truly-sparkles-1332007">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+jubilee+that+truly+sparkles&rft.date=2012-07-02&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iol.co.za%2Ftravel%2Fsouth-Africa%2Fnorthern-cape%2Fa-jubilee-that-truly-sparkles-1332007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jo01-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jo01_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.joburg.org.za/play_/Pages/Play%20in%20Joburg/Culture%20and%20Heritage/Links/How-was-Johannesburg-named.aspx">"How was Johannesburg named?"</a>. <i>www.joburg.org.za</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308184520/https://www.joburg.org.za/play_/Pages/Play%20in%20Joburg/Culture%20and%20Heritage/Links/How-was-Johannesburg-named.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.joburg.org.za&rft.atitle=How+was+Johannesburg+named%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.joburg.org.za%2Fplay_%2FPages%2FPlay%2520in%2520Joburg%2FCulture%2520and%2520Heritage%2FLinks%2FHow-was-Johannesburg-named.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theheritageportal.co.za/thread/rissik-street-post-office-johannesburg">"Rissik Street Post Office Johannesburg – The Heritage Portal"</a>. <i>www.theheritageportal.co.za</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191018195115/http://www.theheritageportal.co.za/thread/rissik-street-post-office-johannesburg">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theheritageportal.co.za&rft.atitle=Rissik+Street+Post+Office+Johannesburg+%E2%80%93+The+Heritage+Portal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theheritageportal.co.za%2Fthread%2Frissik-street-post-office-johannesburg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111105718/http://joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=295:rissik-street-post-office&catid=38:heritage&Itemid=51">"City of Johannesburg – Rissik Street Post Office"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=295:rissik-street-post-office&catid=38:heritage&Itemid=51">the original</a> on 11 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+of+Johannesburg+%E2%80%93+Rissik+Street+Post+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjoburg.org.za%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D295%3Arissik-street-post-office%26catid%3D38%3Aheritage%26Itemid%3D51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mk.org.za/mkhist1.htm">"Melville Koppies: Ancient History"</a>. <i>mk.org.za</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160315061153/http://www.mk.org.za/mkhist1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mk.org.za&rft.atitle=Melville+Koppies%3A+Ancient+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmk.org.za%2Fmkhist1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason1986" class="citation cs2">Mason, Revil (1986), <i>Origins of Black People of Johannesburg and the Southern Western Central Transvaal, AD 300-1880</i>, Archeological Research Unit (University of the Witwatersrand)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origins+of+Black+People+of+Johannesburg+and+the+Southern+Western+Central+Transvaal%2C+AD+300-1880&rft.pub=Archeological+Research+Unit+%28University+of+the+Witwatersrand%29&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Revil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13041658">"Botswana profile"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 9 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210211052647/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13041658">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Botswana+profile&rft.date=2012-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-13041658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsonShadle1996" class="citation book cs1">Olson, James S.; Shadle, Robert S., eds. (1996). <i>Historical Dictionary of the British Empire</i>. Greenwood Press. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-27917-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-27917-9"><bdi>0-313-27917-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+British+Empire&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-313-27917-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane">"Mfecane | Zulu Expansion, Shaka Zulu & Nguni Migrations | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Mfecane+%7C+Zulu+Expansion%2C+Shaka+Zulu+%26+Nguni+Migrations+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FMfecane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yap1996-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yap1996_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelanie_Yap1996" class="citation book cs1">Melanie Yap (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_ca9nqe6PRoC&pg=PA84"><i>Colour, Confusion and Concessions: The History of the Chinese in South Africa</i></a>. Hong Kong University Press. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-962-209-424-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-962-209-424-6"><bdi>978-962-209-424-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colour%2C+Confusion+and+Concessions%3A+The+History+of+the+Chinese+in+South+Africa&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-962-209-424-6&rft.au=Melanie+Yap&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_ca9nqe6PRoC%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063523/http://www.joburg-archive.co.za/2011/inner_city/chinatown_precinct_plan2009.pdf">"Chinatown Precinct Plan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. City of Johannesburg. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joburg-archive.co.za/2011/inner_city/chinatown_precinct_plan2009.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2013</span>. <q>The oldest part of Johannesburg was first known as Ferreira's Camp and later Ferreiradorp.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinatown+Precinct+Plan&rft.pub=City+of+Johannesburg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joburg-archive.co.za%2F2011%2Finner_city%2Fchinatown_precinct_plan2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-westgate-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-westgate_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185711/http://www.joburg-archive.co.za/2011/inner_city/westgate/sdf_plan_analysis_heritage_assets.pdf">"Westgate Station Precinct Spatial Development Framework and Implementation Plan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. City of Johannesburg (Archive). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joburg-archive.co.za/2011/inner_city/westgate/sdf_plan_analysis_heritage_assets.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Westgate+Station+Precinct+Spatial+Development+Framework+and+Implementation+Plan&rft.pub=City+of+Johannesburg+%28Archive%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joburg-archive.co.za%2F2011%2Finner_city%2Fwestgate%2Fsdf_plan_analysis_heritage_assets.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Joburg-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Joburg_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150417124059/http://www.joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&id=275&Itemid=51">"How was Johannesburg named?"</a>. Official Website of the City of Johannesburg. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&id=275&Itemid=51">the original</a> on 17 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+was+Johannesburg+named%3F&rft.pub=Official+Website+of+the+City+of+Johannesburg&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joburg.org.za%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26id%3D275%26Itemid%3D51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReidLane2004-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReidLane2004_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReidLane2004_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReidLane2004_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_M._ReidPaul_J._Lane2004" class="citation book cs1">Andrew M. Reid; Paul J. Lane (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T3PUSDyy4vQC&pg=PA347"><i>African Historical Archaeologies</i></a>. Springer. p. 347. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-47996-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-47996-0"><bdi>978-0-306-47996-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230902010158/https://books.google.com/books?id=T3PUSDyy4vQC&pg=PA347">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+Historical+Archaeologies&rft.pages=347&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-306-47996-0&rft.au=Andrew+M.+Reid&rft.au=Paul+J.+Lane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT3PUSDyy4vQC%26pg%3DPA347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DGJ01-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DGJ01_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusikerMusiker2000" class="citation book cs1">Musiker, Naomi; Musiker, Reuben (2000). <i>A Concise Historical Dictionary of Greater Johannesburg</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johannesburg%3A+The+City+Built+on+Gold&rft.pub=Travelhouse+UK&rft.date=2013-12-07&rft.au=Victor+Hunt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelhouseuk.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ftravel-insight%2Fjohannesburg-the-city-built-on-gold.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlug2024" class="citation web cs1">Plug, C. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S2A3+Biographical+Database+of+Southern+African+Science&rft.atitle=De+Villiers%2C+Mr+Josias+Eduard+%28astronomy%2C+surveying%29&rft.date=2024-01-31&rft.aulast=Plug&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.s2a3.org.za%2Fbio%2FBiograph_final.php%3Fserial%3D719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/johannesburg-timeline-1800-1991">"Johannesburg Timeline 1800-1991"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/South_African_History_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="South African History Online">South African History Online</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Nasionale Boekhandel Beperk. pp. (from snippet view). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230902010207/https://books.google.com/books?id=mukQAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Johannesburg%3A+The+Early+Years&rft.pages=%28from+snippet+view%29&rft.pub=Nasionale+Boekhandel+Beperk&rft.date=1964&rft.au=Gerald+Anton+Leyds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmukQAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeological_Society_of_London2005" class="citation book cs1">Geological Society of London (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7wW-y9jT3NMC&q=golden+arc+welkom&pg=PA31"><i>Mineral Deposits and Earth Evolution</i></a>. Geological Society of London. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781862391826" title="Special:BookSources/9781862391826"><bdi>9781862391826</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230902010209/https://books.google.com/books?id=7wW-y9jT3NMC&q=golden+arc+welkom&pg=PA31">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mineral+Deposits+and+Earth+Evolution&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Geological+Society+of+London&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781862391826&rft.au=Geological+Society+of+London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7wW-y9jT3NMC%26q%3Dgolden%2Barc%2Bwelkom%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Onselen" class="citation book cs1">van Onselen, Charles. <i>New Nineveh and New Babylon</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Nineveh+and+New+Babylon&rft.aulast=van+Onselen&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=401&func=select&id=5">"Battle for Johannesburg"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923231101/http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=401&func=select&id=5">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Battle+for+Johannesburg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenceweb.co.za%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_remository%26Itemid%3D401%26func%3Dselect%26id%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngelbrecht,_Leon2009" class="citation web cs1">Engelbrecht, Leon (27 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150417133321/http://www.defenceweb.co.za/ebooks/0%202009may27%20Two%20Battles%20for%20Johannesburg%20_final%20draft_.pdf">"Hidden in Plain Sight: Johannesburg's Battlefields"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defenceweb.co.za/ebooks/0%202009may27%20Two%20Battles%20for%20Johannesburg%20_final%20draft_.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hidden+in+Plain+Sight%3A+Johannesburg%27s+Battlefields&rft.date=2009-05-27&rft.au=Engelbrecht%2C+Leon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenceweb.co.za%2Febooks%2F0%25202009may27%2520Two%2520Battles%2520for%2520Johannesburg%2520_final%2520draft_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BusinessTech&rft.atitle=These+pictures+show+what+Joburg+looked+like+in+1930&rft.date=2017-08-13&rft.aulast=Writer&rft.aufirst=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusinesstech.co.za%2Fnews%2Flifestyle%2F191454%2Fthese-pictures-show-what-joburg-looked-like-in-1930%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brogan,_Patrick_page_86-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_86_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_86_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brogan, Patrick <i>The fighting never stopped: a comprehensive guide to world conflicts since 1945</i>, New York: Vintage Books, 1989 page 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brogan,_Patrick_page_92-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_92_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_92_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_92_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brogan, Patrick <i>The fighting never stopped: a comprehensive guide to world conflicts since 1945</i>, New York: Vintage Books, 1989 page 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brogan,_Patrick_page_80-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_80_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_80_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brogan, Patrick <i>The fighting never stopped: a comprehensive guide to world conflicts since 1945</i>, New York: Vintage Books, 1989 page 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brogan,_Patrick_page_91-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_91_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_91_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brogan,_Patrick_page_91_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brogan, Patrick <i>The fighting never stopped: a comprehensive guide to world conflicts since 1945</i>, New York: Vintage Books, 1989 page 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brogan, Patrick <i>The fighting never stopped: a comprehensive guide to world conflicts since 1945</i>, New York: Vintage Books, 1989 page 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brogan, Patrick <i>The fighting never stopped: a comprehensive guide to world conflicts since 1945</i>, New York: Vintage Books, 1989 page 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amethyst.co.za/JhbGuide/Johannesburg.htm">"History of Johannesburg"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=South+Africans+abuzz+after+first+snowfall+in+over+a+decade&rft.date=2023-07-11&rft.aulast=Kitongo&rft.aufirst=Gertrude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F07%2F11%2Fafrica%2Fjohannesburg-rare-snow-fall-spc-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.weathersa.co.za/Pressroom/2009/Its_cold_in_Gauteng.jsp">"Johannesburg temperature records"</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_African_Weather_Service" title="South African Weather Service">South African Weather Service</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=city+of+Johannesburg+%E2%80%93+Arts%2C+culture+and+heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joburg.org.za%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D1690%26Itemid%3D49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NSA-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NSA_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artschool.co.za/">"National School of the Arts"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150522195259/http://www.artschool.co.za/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Art+Throb&rft.atitle=Johannesburg+Art+Gallery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artthrob.co.za%2FGalleries%2FJohannesburg-Art-Gallery.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCity_of_Johannesburg" class="citation web cs1">City of Johannesburg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.joburg.org.za/about_/regions/Pages/Region%20F%20-%20Inner%20City/Region-F-Libraries.aspx">"Region F libraries"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180710013851/https://www.joburg.org.za/about_/regions/Pages/Region%20F%20-%20Inner%20City/Region-F-Libraries.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Region+F+libraries&rft.au=City+of+Johannesburg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.joburg.org.za%2Fabout_%2Fregions%2FPages%2FRegion%2520F%2520-%2520Inner%2520City%2FRegion-F-Libraries.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100618071844/http://www.places.co.za/html/johannesburg_museums.html">"Johannesburg Museums"</a>. Places.co.za. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.places.co.za/html/johannesburg_museums.html">the original</a> on 18 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johannesburg+Museums&rft.pub=Places.co.za&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.places.co.za%2Fhtml%2Fjohannesburg_museums.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081210154403/http://origins.org.za/index.php/origins_site/widearticle/C37/">"Vitis US"</a>. Origins Centre. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vitis+US&rft.pub=Origins+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forigins.org.za%2Findex.php%2Forigins_site%2Fwidearticle%2FC37%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RAM10-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RAM10_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.songkick.com/festivals/44346-ramfest/id/3810841-ramfest-2010">"Ramfest 2010 | Ramfest 2010 Line-up and Posters"</a>. Songkick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502071343/http://www.songkick.com/festivals/44346-ramfest/id/3810841-ramfest-2010">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ramfest+2010+%26%23124%3B+Ramfest+2010+Line-up+and+Posters&rft.pub=Songkick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.songkick.com%2Ffestivals%2F44346-ramfest%2Fid%2F3810841-ramfest-2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RAM11JOZI-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RAM11JOZI_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohannesburg,_South_Africa2011" class="citation web cs1">Johannesburg, South Africa (12 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.songkick.com/festivals/44346-ramfest/id/7361686-ramfest-2011">"Ramfest 2011 | Ramfest 2011 Line-up and Posters"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ramfest+2011+%26%23124%3B+Ramfest+2011+Line-up+and+Posters&rft.pub=Songkick&rft.date=2011-03-12&rft.au=Johannesburg%2C+South+Africa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.songkick.com%2Ffestivals%2F44346-ramfest%2Fid%2F7361686-ramfest-2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RAM12JOZI-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RAM12JOZI_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohannesburg,_South_Africa2012" class="citation web cs1">Johannesburg, South Africa (10 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.songkick.com/festivals/44346-ramfest/id/10817988-ramfest-2012">"Ramfest 2012 | Ramfest 2012 Line-up and Posters"</a>. Songkick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121118043323/http://www.songkick.com/festivals/44346-ramfest/id/10817988-ramfest-2012">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ramfest+2012+%26%23124%3B+Ramfest+2012+Line-up+and+Posters&rft.pub=Songkick&rft.date=2012-03-10&rft.au=Johannesburg%2C+South+Africa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.songkick.com%2Ffestivals%2F44346-ramfest%2Fid%2F10817988-ramfest-2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RAM13-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RAM13_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/429/88021.html">"Ramfest 2013 line-up"</a>. Bizcommunity.com. 21 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407062925/http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/429/88021.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ramfest+2013+line-up&rft.pub=Bizcommunity.com&rft.date=2013-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizcommunity.com%2FArticle%2F196%2F429%2F88021.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VITC2012-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VITC2012_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170212101418/http://www.drop-your-drink.com/2012/09/vodacom-unlimited-in-city-presents-bloc.html">"Archived copy"</a>. <i>www.drop-your-drink.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drop-your-drink.com/2012/09/vodacom-unlimited-in-city-presents-bloc.html">the original</a> on 12 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.drop-your-drink.com&rft.atitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drop-your-drink.com%2F2012%2F09%2Fvodacom-unlimited-in-city-presents-bloc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharalambous2011" class="citation web cs1">Charalambous, Styli (14 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2011-02-14-u2-in-johannesburg-the-real-greatest-show-on-earth">"U2 in Johannesburg – the real greatest show on earth – Daily Maverick"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111013015217/http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2011-02-14-u2-in-johannesburg-the-real-greatest-show-on-earth">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U2+in+Johannesburg+%E2%80%93+the+real+greatest+show+on+earth+%E2%80%93+Daily+Maverick&rft.date=2011-02-14&rft.aulast=Charalambous&rft.aufirst=Styli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailymaverick.co.za%2Farticle%2F2011-02-14-u2-in-johannesburg-the-real-greatest-show-on-earth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuintalEtheridge2011" class="citation web cs1">Quintal, Genevieve; Etheridge, Jenna (9 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mg.co.za/article/2011-10-09-coldplay-makes-joburg-paradise">"Coldplay makes Jo'burg Paradise"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131220023851/http://mg.co.za/article/2011-10-09-coldplay-makes-joburg-paradise">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coldplay+makes+Jo%27burg+Paradise&rft.date=2011-10-09&rft.aulast=Quintal&rft.aufirst=Genevieve&rft.au=Etheridge%2C+Jenna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmg.co.za%2Farticle%2F2011-10-09-coldplay-makes-joburg-paradise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharalambous2011" class="citation web cs1">Charalambous, Styli (31 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2011-10-31-kings-of-leon-anything-but-a-royal-performance">"Kings of Leon: anything but a royal performance – Daily Maverick"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111101194036/http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2011-10-31-kings-of-leon-anything-but-a-royal-performance">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kings+of+Leon%3A+anything+but+a+royal+performance+%E2%80%93+Daily+Maverick&rft.date=2011-10-31&rft.aulast=Charalambous&rft.aufirst=Styli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailymaverick.co.za%2Farticle%2F2011-10-31-kings-of-leon-anything-but-a-royal-performance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyk" class="citation web cs1">Wyk, Andrea van. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ewn.co.za/2012/11/11/Thousands-attend-Linkin-Park-concert">"Thousands attend Linkin Park concert"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131220074154/http://ewn.co.za/2012/11/11/Thousands-attend-Linkin-Park-concert">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thousands+attend+Linkin+Park+concert&rft.aulast=Wyk&rft.aufirst=Andrea+van&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fewn.co.za%2F2012%2F11%2F11%2FThousands-attend-Linkin-Park-concert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freezepage.com/1357566049IANLXYVBOK?url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp">"Billboard Boxscore"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. Vol. 124, no. 51. 5 January 2013. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp">the original</a> on 7 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yoinsta.com/tag/knysna">the original</a> on 28 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yoinsta.com&rft.atitle=Posts+filled+under+%23knysna&rft.au=YoInsta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyoinsta.com%2Ftag%2Fknysna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreef2018" class="citation news cs1">Greef, Kimon de (22 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/22/world/africa/south-africa-taxi-attack.html">"In South Africa's 'Mafia-Like' Taxi Industry, 11 Die in Latest Attack"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230513083505/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/22/world/africa/south-africa-taxi-attack.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+South+Africa%27s+%27Mafia-Like%27+Taxi+Industry%2C+11+Die+in+Latest+Attack&rft.date=2018-07-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Greef&rft.aufirst=Kimon+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F07%2F22%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fsouth-africa-taxi-attack.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gautrain.co.za/about/about-gautrain/why-rapid-rail/">"Why Rapid Rail"</a>. Gautrain. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170825063354/http://www.gautrain.co.za/about/about-gautrain/why-rapid-rail/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Rapid+Rail&rft.pub=Gautrain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gautrain.co.za%2Fabout%2Fabout-gautrain%2Fwhy-rapid-rail%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191012074755/http://www.transnetfreightrail-tfr.net/Heritage/150years/150YearsRail.pdf">"Railway country. 150 Years of Rail in South Africa"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Transnet. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transnetfreightrail-tfr.net/Heritage/150years/150YearsRail.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Railway+country.+150+Years+of+Rail+in+South+Africa&rft.pub=Transnet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transnetfreightrail-tfr.net%2FHeritage%2F150years%2F150YearsRail.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615134927/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/ambitious-plans-will-still-need-funding/browse/3.html">"Railway Gazette: Ambitious plans will still need funding"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/ambitious-plans-will-still-need-funding/browse/3.html">the original</a> on 15 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Railway+Gazette%3A+Ambitious+plans+will+still+need+funding&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fnews%2Fsingle-view%2Fview%2Fambitious-plans-will-still-need-funding%2Fbrowse%2F3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-25/south-africa-s-rail-expansion-plan-links-soweto-to-johannesburg">"South Africa's Rail Expansion Plan Links Soweto to Johannesburg"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i>. 25 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028213615/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-25/south-africa-s-rail-expansion-plan-links-soweto-to-johannesburg">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=South+Africa%27s+Rail+Expansion+Plan+Links+Soweto+to+Johannesburg&rft.date=2020-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2020-10-25%2Fsouth-africa-s-rail-expansion-plan-links-soweto-to-johannesburg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africanwireless.com/vodacom_history.htm">"Vodacom History"</a>. Africanwireless.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200327001945/http://www.africanwireless.com/vodacom_history.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vodacom+History&rft.pub=Africanwireless.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanwireless.com%2Fvodacom_history.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.joburg.org.za/work_/keysectors/Pages/Radio-Stations.aspx">"Radio Stations"</a>. <i>www.joburg.org.za</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201142105/https://www.joburg.org.za/work_/keysectors/Pages/Radio-Stations.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.joburg.org.za&rft.atitle=Radio+Stations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.joburg.org.za%2Fwork_%2Fkeysectors%2FPages%2FRadio-Stations.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.za/about-government/contact-directory/soe/soe/south-african-broadcasting-corporation-sabc">"South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)"</a>. <i>gov.za</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200718000435/https://www.gov.za/about-government/contact-directory/soe/soe/south-african-broadcasting-corporation-sabc">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.za&rft.atitle=South+African+Broadcasting+Corporation+%28SABC%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.za%2Fabout-government%2Fcontact-directory%2Fsoe%2Fsoe%2Fsouth-african-broadcasting-corporation-sabc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.multichoice.com/contact-us/">"MultiChoice Group"</a>. <i>multichoice.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200811123220/https://www.multichoice.com/contact-us/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=multichoice.com&rft.atitle=MultiChoice+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.multichoice.com%2Fcontact-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200716134357/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/tourism-south-africa/travel/cities/hillbrow-tower-symbol-of-joburg">"Hillbrow Tower – symbol of Joburg"</a>. <i>brandsouthafrica.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/tourism-south-africa/travel/cities/hillbrow-tower-symbol-of-joburg">the original</a> on 16 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=brandsouthafrica.com&rft.atitle=Hillbrow+Tower+%E2%80%93+symbol+of+Joburg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brandsouthafrica.com%2Ftourism-south-africa%2Ftravel%2Fcities%2Fhillbrow-tower-symbol-of-joburg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcentral.co.za/the-story-behind-sentechs-iconic-tower/18447/">"The story behind Sentech's iconic tower – TechCentral"</a>. <i>techcentral.co.za</i>. 27 October 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180826123608/https://techcentral.co.za/the-story-behind-sentechs-iconic-tower/18447/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=techcentral.co.za&rft.atitle=The+story+behind+Sentech%27s+iconic+tower+%E2%80%93+TechCentral&rft.date=2010-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcentral.co.za%2Fthe-story-behind-sentechs-iconic-tower%2F18447%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-twins-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-twins_158-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-twins_158-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.joburg.org.za/departments_/Documents/GSPCR/CoJ_IR%20Strategy_Sep2021.pdf">"Twinning agreements"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>joburg.org.za</i>. City of Johannesburg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=joburg.org.za&rft.atitle=Twinning+agreements&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.joburg.org.za%2Fdepartments_%2FDocuments%2FGSPCR%2FCoJ_IR%2520Strategy_Sep2021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.spb.ru/helper/new_stat/inter/">"Международные и межрегиональные связи"</a>. <i>gov.spb.ru</i> (in Russian). Federal city of Saint Petersburg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105013852/http://gov.spb.ru/helper/new_stat/inter/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.spb.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.spb.ru%2Fhelper%2Fnew_stat%2Finter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannesburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This figure represents the urban population for the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Johannesburg" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Johannesburg">City of Johannesburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Ekurhuleni" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Ekurhuleni">City of Ekurhuleni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mogale_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Mogale City">Mogale City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rand_West_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Rand West City">Rand West City</a> municipalities combined.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Felix Urban: <i>Acoustic Competence. Investigating sonic empowerment in urban cultures. Johannesburg and Berlin.</i> 1. Edition. Tectum, Baden-Baden 2016, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8288-3683-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8288-3683-9">978-3-8288-3683-9</a>.</li> <li><i>Johannesburg: The Elusive Metropolis</i>. Sarah Nuttall. Duke University Press. 9 January 2005. 210 pages. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-6610-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-6610-X">0-8223-6610-X</a>.</li> <li><i>Early Johannesburg, Its Buildings and People</i>. Hannes Meiring, Human & Rousseau. 1986. 143 pages. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7981-1456-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7981-1456-8">0-7981-1456-8</a></li> <li><i>Gold! Gold! Gold! The Johannesburg Gold Rush</i>. Eric Rosenthal, AD. Donker, 1970, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-949937-64-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-949937-64-9">0-949937-64-9</a></li> <li><i>The Corner House: The Early History of Johannesburg</i>. Alan Patrick Cartwright. MacDonald. 1965. 295 pages.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Johannesburg" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Johannesburg#Q34647" class="extiw" title="voy:Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joburg.org.za/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visit.joburg/Home/Home">Johannesburg/Joburg Tourism official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstreetmap.org/node/261833893">261833893</a> Johannesburg on <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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(Western Cape)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johannesburg (Gauteng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberley,_Northern_Cape" title="Kimberley, Northern Cape">Kimberley (Northern Cape)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafikeng" title="Mafikeng">Mafeking (North West)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbombela" title="Mbombela">Nelspruit/Mbombela (Mpumalanga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietermaritzburg" title="Pietermaritzburg">Pietermaritzburg (KwaZulu-Natal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polokwane" title="Polokwane">Pietersburg/Polokwane (Limpopo)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality,_Gauteng" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="Template:City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="Template talk:City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="Special:EditPage/Template:City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality,_Gauteng" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality">City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Seat: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johannesburg</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Johannesburg" title="Architecture of Johannesburg">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Johannesburg" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Johannesburg">Buildings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Johannesburg" title="Category:Culture of Johannesburg">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Johannesburg" title="Category:Economy of Johannesburg">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Johannesburg" title="Category:Education in Johannesburg">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Johannesburg" title="Category:Geography of Johannesburg">Geography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suburbs_of_Johannesburg" title="Suburbs of Johannesburg">Suburbs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Government">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality">Municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Johannesburg" title="Mayor of Johannesburg">Mayor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Johannesburg" title="History of Johannesburg">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Johannesburg_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Johannesburg history">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Johannesburg" title="Category:Mass media in Johannesburg">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Johannesburg" title="Category:People from Johannesburg">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Johannesburg" title="Category:Sport in Johannesburg">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Johannesburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation in Johannesburg">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suburbs_of_Johannesburg" title="Suburbs of Johannesburg">Suburbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Region_A" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Region A</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airdlin" title="Airdlin">Airdlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeque_Downs" title="Barbeque Downs">Barbeque Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeque_Downs_Business_Park" title="Barbeque Downs Business Park">Barbeque Downs Business Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloubosrand" title="Bloubosrand">Bloubosrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Hills,_Gauteng" title="Blue Hills, Gauteng">Blue Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadacres,_Gauteng" title="Broadacres, Gauteng">Broadacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccleuch,_Gauteng" title="Buccleuch, Gauteng">Buccleuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlswald" title="Carlswald">Carlswald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartwell,_Gauteng" title="Chartwell, Gauteng">Chartwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_View" title="Country View">Country View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowthorne,_Gauteng" title="Crowthorne, Gauteng">Crowthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dainfern" title="Dainfern">Dainfern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepsloot" title="Diepsloot">Diepsloot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebony_Park" title="Ebony Park">Ebony Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erand" title="Erand">Erand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmall,_Gauteng" title="Farmall, Gauteng">Farmall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Austin" title="Glen Austin">Glen Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfway_Gardens" title="Halfway Gardens">Halfway Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfway_House_Estate" title="Halfway House Estate">Halfway House Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headway_Hill" title="Headway Hill">Headway Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houtkoppen" title="Houtkoppen">Houtkoppen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inadan_(city)" title="Inadan (city)">Inadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Park" title="Ivory Park">Ivory Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kya_Sand" title="Kya Sand">Kya Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kya_Sands,_Johannesburg" title="Kya Sands, Johannesburg">Kya Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyalami_Agricultural_Holdings" title="Kyalami Agricultural Holdings">Kyalami Agricultural Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyalami_Business_Park" title="Kyalami Business Park">Kyalami Business Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyalami_Estates" title="Kyalami Estates">Kyalami Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroeladal" title="Maroeladal">Maroeladal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrand" title="Midrand">Midrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midridge_Park" title="Midridge Park">Midridge Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millgate_Farm" title="Millgate Farm">Millgate Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nietgedacht" title="Nietgedacht">Nietgedacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noordwyk" title="Noordwyk">Noordwyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Champagne_Estates" title="North Champagne Estates">North Champagne Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulshof" title="Paulshof">Paulshof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plooysville" title="Plooysville">Plooysville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabie_Ridge" title="Rabie Ridge">Rabie Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randjesfontein_Agricultural_Holdings" title="Randjesfontein Agricultural Holdings">Randjesfontein AH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randjespark" title="Randjespark">Randjespark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverbend,_Gauteng" title="Riverbend, Gauteng">Riverbend AH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salfred" title="Salfred">Salfred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunninghill,_Gauteng" title="Sunninghill, Gauteng">Sunninghill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrella" title="Sunrella">Sunrella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevallyn,_Gauteng" title="Trevallyn, Gauteng">Trevallyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan,_Gauteng" title="Trojan, Gauteng">Trojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorna_Valley" title="Vorna Valley">Vorna Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterval_City,_Midrand" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterval City, Midrand">Waterval City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willaway" title="Willaway">Willaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witkoppen" title="Witkoppen">Witkoppen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Region_B" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Region B</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albertskroon" title="Albertskroon">Albertskroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertville,_Gauteng" title="Albertville, Gauteng">Albertville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldara_Park" title="Aldara Park">Aldara Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalgam,_Gauteng" title="Amalgam, Gauteng">Amalgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Park" title="Auckland Park">Auckland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berario" title="Berario">Berario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverley_Gardens" title="Beverley Gardens">Beverley Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackheath,_Gauteng" title="Blackheath, Gauteng">Blackheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blairgowrie,_Gauteng" title="Blairgowrie, Gauteng">Blairgowrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux,_Gauteng" title="Bordeaux, Gauteng">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosmont" title="Bosmont">Bosmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brixton,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Brixton, Gauteng">Brixton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryanbrink" title="Bryanbrink">Bryanbrink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryanston_West,_Gauteng" title="Bryanston West, Gauteng">Bryanston West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_Life_Park" title="Country Life Park">Country Life Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowdray_Park,_Gauteng" title="Cowdray Park, Gauteng">Cowdray Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craighall" title="Craighall">Craighall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craighall_Park" title="Craighall Park">Craighall Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cramerview" title="Cramerview">Cramerview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cresta,_Gauteng" title="Cresta, Gauteng">Cresta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown,_Gauteng" title="Crown, Gauteng">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Brink_Park" title="Daniel Brink Park">Daniel Brink Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrenwood" title="Darrenwood">Darrenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkeld,_Gauteng" title="Dunkeld, Gauteng">Dunkeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkeld_West" title="Dunkeld West">Dunkeld West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmarentia" title="Emmarentia">Emmarentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferndale,_Gauteng" title="Ferndale, Gauteng">Ferndale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Glen" title="Florida Glen">Florida Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontainebleau,_Gauteng" title="Fontainebleau, Gauteng">Fontainebleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Town,_Gauteng" title="Forest Town, Gauteng">Forest Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenadrienne" title="Glenadrienne">Glenadrienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenside,_Gauteng" title="Greenside, Gauteng">Greenside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greymont" title="Greymont">Greymont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurlingham,_Gauteng" title="Hurlingham, Gauteng">Hurlingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurlingham_Gardens" title="Hurlingham Gardens">Hurlingham Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Gauteng" title="Hyde Park, Gauteng">Hyde Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hofmeyer,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Hofmeyer, Gauteng">Jan Hofmeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_B" title="Kensington B">Kensington B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden,_Gauteng" title="Linden, Gauteng">Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyme_Park,_Gauteng" title="Lyme Park, Gauteng">Lyme Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malanshof" title="Malanshof">Malanshof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Melville, Gauteng">Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Hill,_Gauteng" title="Mill Hill, Gauteng">Mill Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brighton,_Johannesburg" title="New Brighton, Johannesburg">New Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlands,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Newlands, Gauteng">Newlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northcliff" title="Northcliff">Northcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oerder_Park" title="Oerder Park">Oerder Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osummit" title="Osummit">Osummit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkhurst,_Gauteng" title="Parkhurst, Gauteng">Parkhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkmore" title="Parkmore">Parkmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parktown_North" title="Parktown North">Parktown North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkview,_Gauteng" title="Parkview, Gauteng">Parkview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Ridge" title="President Ridge">President Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randburg" title="Randburg">Randburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randpark" title="Randpark">Randpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randpark_Ridge" title="Randpark Ridge">Randpark Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Bend,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="River Bend, Gauteng">River Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosebank,_Gauteng" title="Rosebank, Gauteng">Rosebank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruiterhof" title="Ruiterhof">Ruiterhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhurst,_Gauteng" title="Sandhurst, Gauteng">Sandhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solridge" title="Solridge">Solridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophiatown" title="Sophiatown">Sophiatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strijdompark" title="Strijdompark">Strijdompark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandia_Grove" title="Vandia Grove">Vandia Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrededorp,_Gauteng" title="Vrededorp, Gauteng">Vrededorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterval_Estate,_Randburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterval Estate, Randburg">Waterval Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westdene,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Westdene, Gauteng">Westdene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westcliff,_Gauteng" title="Westcliff, Gauteng">Westcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willowild" title="Willowild">Willowild</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Region_C" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Region C</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromhof" title="Bromhof">Bromhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Hill,_Gauteng" title="Bush Hill, Gauteng">Bush Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantia_Kloof" title="Constantia Kloof">Constantia Kloof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglasdale,_Gauteng" title="Douglasdale, Gauteng">Douglasdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairland,_Gauteng" title="Fairland, Gauteng">Fairland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida,_Gauteng" title="Florida, Gauteng">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Hills" title="Florida Hills">Florida Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_North" title="Johannesburg North">Johannesburg North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukskei_Park" title="Jukskei Park">Jukskei Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northgate,_Gauteng" title="Northgate, Gauteng">Northgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northriding" title="Northriding">Northriding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivedale,_Gauteng" title="Olivedale, Gauteng">Olivedale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roodepoort" title="Roodepoort">Roodepoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weltevredenpark" title="Weltevredenpark">Weltevredenpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zandspruit" title="Zandspruit">Zandspruit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Region_D" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Region D</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diepkloof" title="Diepkloof">Diepkloof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobsonville" title="Dobsonville">Dobsonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doornkop" title="Doornkop">Doornkop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kliptown" title="Kliptown">Kliptown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowlands,_Gauteng" title="Meadowlands, Gauteng">Meadowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noordgesig" title="Noordgesig">Noordgesig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Soweto" title="Orlando, Soweto">Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phiri,_Soweto" title="Phiri, Soweto">Phiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protea_Glen" title="Protea Glen">Protea Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zola,_South_Africa" title="Zola, South Africa">Zola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Region_E" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Region E</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbotsford,_Johannesburg" title="Abbotsford, Johannesburg">Abbotsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandra, Gauteng">Alexandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atholhurst" title="Atholhurst">Atholhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atholl,_Gauteng" title="Atholl, Gauteng">Atholl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atholl_Gardens" title="Atholl Gardens">Atholl Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagleyston" title="Bagleyston">Bagleyston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benmore_Gardens" title="Benmore Gardens">Benmore Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birdhaven,_Gauteng" title="Birdhaven, Gauteng">Birdhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birnam,_Gauteng" title="Birnam, Gauteng">Birnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramley,_Gauteng" title="Bramley, Gauteng">Bramley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramley_North" title="Bramley North">Bramley North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramley_Park" title="Bramley Park">Bramley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruma,_Gauteng" title="Bruma, Gauteng">Bruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryanston,_Gauteng" title="Bryanston, Gauteng">Bryanston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryanston_East,_Gauteng" title="Bryanston East, Gauteng">Bryanston East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheltondale" title="Cheltondale">Cheltondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chislehurston" title="Chislehurston">Chislehurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrildene" title="Cyrildene">Cyrildene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennehof,_Gauteng" title="Dennehof, Gauteng">Dennehof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhill,_Gauteng" title="Dunhill, Gauteng">Dunhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edenburg,_Gauteng" title="Edenburg, Gauteng">Edenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elton_Hill" title="Elton Hill">Elton Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsom_Downs,_Gauteng" title="Epsom Downs, Gauteng">Epsom Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairway,_Gauteng" title="Fairway, Gauteng">Fairway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairwood,_Gauteng" title="Fairwood, Gauteng">Fairwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellside,_Gauteng" title="Fellside, Gauteng">Fellside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbesdale" title="Forbesdale">Forbesdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourways" title="Fourways">Fourways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo_Manor" title="Gallo Manor">Gallo Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Athol" class="mw-redirect" title="Glen Athol">Glen Athol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenhazel" title="Glenhazel">Glenhazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenstone_Hill" title="Greenstone Hill">Greenstone Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gresswold" title="Gresswold">Gresswold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkins_Estate" title="Hawkins Estate">Hawkins Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlands_North,_Gauteng" title="Highlands North, Gauteng">Highlands North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghton_Estate" title="Houghton Estate">Houghton Estate</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurl_Park" title="Hurl Park">Hurl Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illovo,_Gauteng" title="Illovo, Gauteng">Illovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inanda,_Gauteng" title="Inanda, Gauteng">Inanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentview,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentview, Gauteng">Kentview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew,_Gauteng" title="Kew, Gauteng">Kew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Rock" title="Khyber Rock">Khyber Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killarney,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Killarney, Gauteng">Killarney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klevehill_Park" title="Klevehill Park">Klevehill Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linksfield" title="Linksfield">Linksfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littlefillan" title="Littlefillan">Littlefillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Hill" title="Lone Hill">Lone Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magalies_View" class="mw-redirect" title="Magalies View">Magalies View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magaliessig" title="Magaliessig">Magaliessig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlboro,_Gauteng" title="Marlboro, Gauteng">Marlboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlboro_Gardens" title="Marlboro Gardens">Marlboro Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryvale,_Gauteng" title="Maryvale, Gauteng">Maryvale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrose,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Melrose, Gauteng">Melrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrose_Estate" title="Melrose Estate">Melrose Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrose_North" title="Melrose North">Melrose North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modderfontein_(East_Rand)" title="Modderfontein (East Rand)">Modderfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moodie_Hill" title="Moodie Hill">Moodie Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningside,_Gauteng" title="Morningside, Gauteng">Morningside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningside_Manor" title="Morningside Manor">Morningside Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_View,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain View, Gauteng">Mountain View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norscot" title="Norscot">Norscot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Acres,_Gauteng" title="Northern Acres, Gauteng">Northern Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwood,_Gauteng" title="Norwood, Gauteng">Norwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaklands,_Gauteng" title="Oaklands, Gauteng">Oaklands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Grove,_Gauteng" title="Orange Grove, Gauteng">Orange Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percelia_Estate" title="Percelia Estate">Percelia Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petervale" title="Petervale">Petervale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raedene_Estate" title="Raedene Estate">Raedene Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raumarais_Park" title="Raumarais Park">Raumarais Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Club,_Gauteng" title="River Club, Gauteng">River Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riviera,_Gauteng" title="Riviera, Gauteng">Riviera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivonia" title="Rivonia">Rivonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandown,_Gauteng" title="Sandown, Gauteng">Sandown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandton" title="Sandton">Sandton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Estate" title="Savoy Estate">Savoy Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxonwold" title="Saxonwold">Saxonwold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simba,_Gauteng" title="Simba, Gauteng">Simba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathavon" title="Strathavon">Strathavon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunningdale,_Gauteng" title="Sunningdale, Gauteng">Sunningdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunningdale_Ridge" title="Sunningdale Ridge">Sunningdale Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Acres" title="Sunset Acres">Sunset Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydenham,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydenham, Gauteng">Sydenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gardens,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="The Gardens, Gauteng">The Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria, Gauteng">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wierda_Valley" title="Wierda Valley">Wierda Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlands,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodlands, Gauteng">Woodlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodmead" title="Woodmead">Woodmead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wynberg,_Gauteng" title="Wynberg, Gauteng">Wynberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Region_F" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Region F</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeroton" title="Aeroton">Aeroton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Manor" title="Alan Manor">Alan Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspen_Hills,_Gauteng" title="Aspen Hills, Gauteng">Aspen Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Gauteng" title="Bellevue, Gauteng">Bellevue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellevue_East" title="Bellevue East">Bellevue East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benrose" title="Benrose">Benrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berea,_Gauteng" title="Berea, Gauteng">Berea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrams,_Gauteng" title="Bertrams, Gauteng">Bertrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braamfontein" title="Braamfontein">Braamfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braamfontein_Werf" title="Braamfontein Werf">Braamfontein Werf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrisville" title="Chrisville">Chrisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Deep,_Gauteng" title="City Deep, Gauteng">City Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_West-Denver" class="mw-redirect" title="City West-Denver">City West-Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_and_Suburban,_Gauteng" title="City and Suburban, Gauteng">City and Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_and_Suburban_Industrial,_Gauteng" title="City and Suburban Industrial, Gauteng">City and Suburban Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Gauteng" title="Crosby, Gauteng">Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Gardens" title="Crown Gardens">Crown Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_North" title="Crown North">Crown North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doornfontein" title="Doornfontein">Doornfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droste_Park" title="Droste Park">Droste Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagles_Nest,_Gauteng" title="Eagles Nest, Gauteng">Eagles Nest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastcliff,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastcliff, Gauteng">Eastcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elandspark" title="Elandspark">Elandspark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elcedes" title="Elcedes">Elcedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron,_Gauteng" title="Electron, Gauteng">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elladoone" title="Elladoone">Elladoone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evans_Park" title="Evans Park">Evans Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairview,_Gauteng" title="Fairview, Gauteng">Fairview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferreirasdorp" title="Ferreirasdorp">Ferreirasdorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordsburg" title="Fordsburg">Fordsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Hill,_Gauteng" title="Forest Hill, Gauteng">Forest Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framton" title="Framton">Framton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillview" title="Gillview">Gillview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenanda" title="Glenanda">Glenanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenesk" title="Glenesk">Glenesk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenvista" title="Glenvista">Glenvista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddon,_Gauteng" title="Haddon, Gauteng">Haddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heriotdale" title="Heriotdale">Heriotdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlands,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Highlands, Gauteng">Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillbrow" title="Hillbrow">Hillbrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_Park,_Gauteng" title="Homestead Park, Gauteng">Homestead Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghton_Estate" title="Houghton Estate">Houghton Estate</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeppestown" title="Jeppestown">Jeppestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeppestown_South" title="Jeppestown South">Jeppestown South</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_South" title="Johannesburg South">Johannesburg South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joubert_Park" title="Joubert Park">Joubert Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith%27s_Paarl" title="Judith's Paarl">Judith's Paarl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenilworth,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenilworth, Gauteng">Kenilworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Gauteng" title="Kensington, Gauteng">Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibler_Park" title="Kibler Park">Kibler Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klipriviersberg" title="Klipriviersberg">Klipriviersberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klipriviersberg_Estate" title="Klipriviersberg Estate">Klipriviersberg Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rochelle, Gauteng">La Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_View_Estate" title="Lake View Estate">Lake View Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langlaagte_North" title="Langlaagte North">Langlaagte North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liefde_en_Vrede" title="Liefde en Vrede">Liefde en Vrede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindberg_Park" title="Lindberg Park">Lindberg Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linmeyer" title="Linmeyer">Linmeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorentzville" title="Lorentzville">Lorentzville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvern,_Gauteng" title="Malvern, Gauteng">Malvern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshalltown,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshalltown, Gauteng">Marshalltown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfair,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayfair, Gauteng">Mayfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfield_Park,_Gauteng" title="Mayfield Park, Gauteng">Mayfield Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meredale" title="Meredale">Meredale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moffat_View" title="Moffat View">Moffat View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondeor" title="Mondeor">Mondeor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulbarton,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulbarton, Gauteng">Mulbarton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasrec" title="Nasrec">Nasrec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Centre,_Gauteng" title="New Centre, Gauteng">New Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Doornfontein" title="New Doornfontein">New Doornfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtown,_Johannesburg" title="Newtown, Johannesburg">Newtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Doornfontein" title="North Doornfontein">North Doornfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakdene,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakdene, Gauteng">Oakdene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observatory,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Observatory, Gauteng">Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophirton" title="Ophirton">Ophirton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormonde,_Gauteng" title="Ormonde, Gauteng">Ormonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pageview,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Pageview, Gauteng">Pageview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Central,_Gauteng" title="Park Central, Gauteng">Park Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parktown" title="Parktown">Parktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patlynn" title="Patlynn">Patlynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolecon" title="Prolecon">Prolecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randview" title="Randview">Randview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regency,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Regency, Gauteng">Regency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regents_Park,_Gauteng" title="Regents Park, Gauteng">Regents Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regents_Park_Estate" title="Regents Park Estate">Regents Park Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven,_Gauteng" title="Reuven, Gauteng">Reuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewlatch" title="Rewlatch">Rewlatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynolds_View" title="Reynolds View">Reynolds View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridgeway,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Ridgeway, Gauteng">Ridgeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riepen_Park" title="Riepen Park">Riepen Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risana" title="Risana">Risana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rispark" title="Rispark">Rispark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robertsham" title="Robertsham">Robertsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseacre,_Gauteng" title="Roseacre, Gauteng">Roseacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosettenville" title="Rosettenville">Rosettenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Claims" title="Salisbury Claims">Salisbury Claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selby,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Selby, Gauteng">Selby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Hills,_Gauteng" title="South Hills, Gauteng">South Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southdale,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Southdale, Gauteng">Southdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southfork,_Gauteng" title="Southfork, Gauteng">Southfork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southgate,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Southgate, Gauteng">Southgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spes_Bona" title="Spes Bona">Spes Bona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Gauteng" title="Springfield, Gauteng">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford,_Gauteng" title="Stafford, Gauteng">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeledale" title="Steeledale">Steeledale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suideroord" title="Suideroord">Suideroord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gables,_Gauteng" title="The Gables, Gauteng">The Gables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hill,_Gauteng" title="The Hill, Gauteng">The Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta,_Gauteng" title="Theta, Gauteng">Theta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towerby" title="Towerby">Towerby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townsview" title="Townsview">Townsview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyeville" title="Troyeville">Troyeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulisa_Park" title="Tulisa Park">Tulisa Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turf_Club,_Gauteng" title="Turf Club, Gauteng">Turf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turffontein" title="Turffontein">Turffontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_Main,_Gauteng" title="Village Main, Gauteng">Village Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeoville" title="Yeoville">Yeoville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Region_G" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Region G</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eldorado_Park,_Gauteng" title="Eldorado Park, Gauteng">Eldorado Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennerdale,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Ennerdale, Gauteng">Ennerdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanana_Park" title="Kanana Park">Kanana Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawley,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawley, Gauteng">Lawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenasia" title="Lenasia">Lenasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Farm" title="Orange Farm">Orange Farm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Greater_Johannesburg" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greater_Johannesburg" title="Template:Greater Johannesburg"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greater_Johannesburg" title="Template talk:Greater Johannesburg"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greater_Johannesburg" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greater Johannesburg"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Greater_Johannesburg" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Johannesburg" title="Greater Johannesburg">Greater Johannesburg</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Natural_environment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Geography">Natural environment</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highveld" title="Highveld">Highveld</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaapvaal_Craton" title="Kaapvaal Craton">Kaapvaal Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Supergroup" title="Transvaal Supergroup">Transvaal Supergroup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Basin" title="Transvaal Basin">Transvaal Basin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Supergroup" class="mw-redirect" title="Witwatersrand Supergroup">Witwatersrand Supergroup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Witwatersrand Basin">Witwatersrand Basin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banket_(mining_term)" title="Banket (mining term)">Banket</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Topography">Topography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand" title="Witwatersrand">Witwatersrand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Observatory_Ridge,_Johannesburg" title="Observatory Ridge, Johannesburg">Observatory Ridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magaliesberg" title="Magaliesberg">Magaliesberg</a> (partially)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vredefort_impact_structure" title="Vredefort impact structure">Vredefort impact structure</a> (partially)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers and<br />wetlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vaal_River" title="Vaal River">Vaal</a>-<a href="/wiki/Orange_River" title="Orange River">Orange</a> basin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blesbokspruit" title="Blesbokspruit">Blesbokspruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braamfontein_Spruit" title="Braamfontein Spruit">Braamfontein Spruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennops_River" title="Hennops River">Hennops River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukskei_River" title="Jukskei River">Jukskei River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klip_River" title="Klip River">Klip River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonderfonteinspruit" title="Wonderfonteinspruit">Wonderfonteinspruit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limpopo_River" title="Limpopo River">Limpopo</a> basin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_River_(Limpopo)" title="Crocodile River (Limpopo)">Crocodile River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilge_River_(Olifants)" title="Wilge River (Olifants)">Wilge River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Climate">Climate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Johannesburg_flood" title="2016 Johannesburg flood">2016 flooding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932021_Southern_African_drought" title="2018–2021 Southern African drought">2018–2021 drought</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cradle_of_Humankind" title="Cradle of Humankind">Cradle of<br />Humankind</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taung_Child" title="Taung Child">Taung Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrs._Ples" title="Mrs. Ples">Mrs Ples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Foot" title="Little Foot">Little Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Rising Star Expedition">Rising Star Expedition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Astronauts" title="Underground Astronauts">Underground Astronauts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Fossil_sites" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fossil sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolt%27s_Farm" title="Bolt's Farm">Bolt's Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper%27s_Cave" title="Cooper's Cave">Cooper's Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drimolen" title="Drimolen">Drimolen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladysvale_Cave" title="Gladysvale Cave">Gladysvale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haasgat" title="Haasgat">Haasgat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kromdraai_fossil_site" title="Kromdraai fossil site">Kromdraai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malapa_Fossil_Site,_Cradle_of_Humankind" title="Malapa Fossil Site, Cradle of Humankind">Malapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnaar%27s_Cave" title="Minnaar's Cave">Minnaar's Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motsetsi" title="Motsetsi">Motsetsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plovers_Lake" title="Plovers Lake">Plovers Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_Cave" title="Rising Star Cave">Rising Star Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterkfontein" title="Sterkfontein">Sterkfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swartkrans" title="Swartkrans">Swartkrans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Cave_(Kromdraai,_Gauteng)" title="Wonder Cave (Kromdraai, Gauteng)">Wonder Cave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biodiversity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highveld_grasslands" class="mw-redirect" title="Highveld grasslands">Highveld grasslands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montane_grasslands_and_shrublands" title="Montane grasslands and shrublands">Montane grasslands and shrublands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">biome</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrotropical_realm" title="Afrotropical realm">Afrotropical realm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_realm" title="Biogeographic realm">biogeographic realm</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleotropical_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleotropical Kingdom">Palaeotropical kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phytochorion" title="Phytochorion">floristic kingdom</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Provinces" title="Northern Provinces">Northern Provinces</a> (<a href="/wiki/World_Geographical_Scheme_for_Recording_Plant_Distributions#Levels_3_and_4:_areas_and_basic_recording_units" title="World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions">WGSRPD area</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_trees_of_Gauteng" title="Timber trees of Gauteng">Timber trees</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetation_types_of_South_Africa" title="List of vegetation types of South Africa">Vegetation types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andesite_Mountain_Bushveld" title="Andesite Mountain Bushveld">Andesite Mountain Bushveld</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carletonville_Dolomite_Grassland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carletonville Dolomite Grassland (page does not exist)">Carletonville Dolomite Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Highveld_Grassland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Highveld Grassland (page does not exist)">Eastern Highveld Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Temperate_Freshwater_Wetlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Temperate Freshwater Wetlands (page does not exist)">Eastern Temperate Freshwater Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egoli_Granite_Grassland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egoli Granite Grassland (page does not exist)">Egoli Granite Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gauteng_Shale_Mountain_Bushveld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gauteng Shale Mountain Bushveld (page does not exist)">Gauteng Shale Mountain Bushveld</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_Reef_Mountain_Bushveld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gold Reef Mountain Bushveld (page does not exist)">Gold Reef Mountain Bushveld</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Highveld_Alluvial_Vegetation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Highveld Alluvial Vegetation (page does not exist)">Highveld Alluvial Vegetation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moot_Plains_Bushveld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moot Plains Bushveld (page does not exist)">Moot Plains Bushveld</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rand_Highveld_Grassland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rand Highveld Grassland (page does not exist)">Rand Highveld Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soweto_Highveld_Grassland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soweto Highveld Grassland (page does not exist)">Soweto Highveld Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakane_Clay_Grassland" title="Tsakane Clay Grassland">Tsakane Clay Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_forest" title="Urban forest">Urban woodland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Parks_and_gardens">Parks and gardens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brenthurst_Gardens" title="Brenthurst Gardens">Brenthurst Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Park_(Johannesburg)" title="Delta Park (Johannesburg)">Delta Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Mackay_Park" title="Donald Mackay Park">Donald Mackay Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmarentia_Dam" title="Emmarentia Dam">Emmarentia Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huddle_Park_(Johannesburg)" title="Huddle Park (Johannesburg)">Huddle Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Botanical_Garden" title="Johannesburg Botanical Garden">Johannesburg Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Zoo" title="Johannesburg Zoo">Johannesburg Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pullinger_Kop" class="mw-redirect" title="Pullinger Kop">Pullinger Kop Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu_National_Botanical_Garden" title="Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden">Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wemmer_Pan" title="Wemmer Pan">Wemmer Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo_Lake" title="Zoo Lake">Zoo Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nature reserves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abe_Bailey_Nature_Reserve" title="Abe Bailey Nature Reserve">Abe Bailey Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloe_Ridge_Game_Reserve" title="Aloe Ridge Game Reserve">Aloe Ridge Game Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klipriviersberg_Nature_Reserve" title="Klipriviersberg Nature Reserve">Klipriviersberg Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kloofendal_Nature_Reserve" title="Kloofendal Nature Reserve">Kloofendal Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kromdraai_Conservancy" title="Kromdraai Conservancy">Kromdraai Conservancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krugersdorp_Game_Reserve" title="Krugersdorp Game Reserve">Krugersdorp Game Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magaliesberg_Biosphere_Reserve" title="Magaliesberg Biosphere Reserve">Magaliesberg Biosphere Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marievale_Bird_Sanctuary" title="Marievale Bird Sanctuary">Marievale Bird Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Koppies" title="Melville Koppies">Melville Koppies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olifantsvlei_Nature_Reserve" title="Olifantsvlei Nature Reserve">Olifantsvlei Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suikerbosrand_Nature_Reserve" title="Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve">Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wilds_(Johannesburg)" title="The Wilds (Johannesburg)">The Wilds Municipal Nature Reserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human impact</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_mine_drainage" title="Acid mine drainage">Acid mine drainage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailings" title="Tailings">Mine dumps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Urbanisation">Urbanisation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">Sprawl</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Communities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Communities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_City,_Johannesburg" title="Inner City, Johannesburg">Inner City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_CBD" title="Johannesburg CBD">Johannesburg CBD</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertville,_Gauteng" title="Albertville, Gauteng">Albertville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldara_Park" title="Aldara Park">Aldara Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalgam,_Gauteng" title="Amalgam, Gauteng">Amalgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Park" title="Auckland Park">Auckland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgravia,_Gauteng" title="Belgravia, Gauteng">Belgravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Gauteng" title="Bellevue, Gauteng">Bellevue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellevue_East" title="Bellevue East">Bellevue East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benrose" title="Benrose">Benrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berea,_Gauteng" title="Berea, Gauteng">Berea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrams,_Gauteng" title="Bertrams, Gauteng">Bertrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braamfontein" title="Braamfontein">Braamfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braamfontein_Werf" title="Braamfontein Werf">Braamfontein Werf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brixton,_Johannesburg" title="Brixton, Johannesburg">Brixton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Deep,_Gauteng" title="City Deep, Gauteng">City Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_and_Suburban,_Gauteng" title="City and Suburban, Gauteng">City and Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_and_Suburban_Industrial,_Gauteng" title="City and Suburban Industrial, Gauteng">City and Suburban Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottesloe,_Johannesburg" title="Cottesloe, Johannesburg">Cottesloe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Gauteng" title="Crosby, Gauteng">Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown,_Gauteng" title="Crown, Gauteng">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_North" title="Crown North">Crown North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doornfontein" title="Doornfontein">Doornfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droste_Park" title="Droste Park">Droste Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmarentia" title="Emmarentia">Emmarentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairview,_Gauteng" title="Fairview, Gauteng">Fairview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferreirasdorp" title="Ferreirasdorp">Ferreirasdorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordsburg" title="Fordsburg">Fordsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Town,_Gauteng" title="Forest Town, Gauteng">Forest Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlands,_Johannesburg" title="Highlands, Johannesburg">Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillbrow" title="Hillbrow">Hillbrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_Park,_Gauteng" title="Homestead Park, Gauteng">Homestead Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hofmeyer" title="Jan Hofmeyer">Jan Hofmeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeppestown" title="Jeppestown">Jeppestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeppestown_South" title="Jeppestown South">Jeppestown South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joubert_Park" title="Joubert Park">Joubert Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith%27s_Paarl" title="Judith's Paarl">Judith's Paarl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killarney,_Johannesburg" title="Killarney, Johannesburg">Killarney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_View_Estate" title="Lake View Estate">Lake View Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langlaagte_North" title="Langlaagte North">Langlaagte North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorentzville" title="Lorentzville">Lorentzville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshalltown,_Johannesburg" title="Marshalltown, Johannesburg">Marshalltown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfair,_Johannesburg" title="Mayfair, Johannesburg">Mayfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfair_West" title="Mayfair West">Mayfair West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville,_Johannesburg" title="Melville, Johannesburg">Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milpark" title="Milpark">Milpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Centre,_Gauteng" title="New Centre, Gauteng">New Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Doornfontein" title="New Doornfontein">New Doornfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtown,_Johannesburg" title="Newtown, Johannesburg">Newtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Doornfontein" title="North Doornfontein">North Doornfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observatory,_Johannesburg" title="Observatory, Johannesburg">Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paarlshoop" title="Paarlshoop">Paarlshoop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pageview,_Johannesburg" title="Pageview, Johannesburg">Pageview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Central,_Gauteng" title="Park Central, Gauteng">Park Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parktown" title="Parktown">Parktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randview" title="Randview">Randview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riepen_Park" title="Riepen Park">Riepen Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riviera,_Gauteng" title="Riviera, Gauteng">Riviera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossmore,_Johannesburg" title="Rossmore, Johannesburg">Rossmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan,_Gauteng" title="Trojan, Gauteng">Trojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyeville" title="Troyeville">Troyeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_Deep,_Johannesburg" title="Village Deep, Johannesburg">Village Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_Main,_Gauteng" title="Village Main, Gauteng">Village Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrededorp,_Gauteng" title="Vrededorp, Gauteng">Vrededorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wemmer" title="Wemmer">Wemmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westbury,_Johannesburg" title="Westbury, Johannesburg">Westbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westcliff,_Gauteng" title="Westcliff, Gauteng">Westcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeoville" title="Yeoville">Yeoville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern<br />suburbs and<br />environs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbotsford,_Johannesburg" title="Abbotsford, Johannesburg">Abbotsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airdlin" title="Airdlin">Airdlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertskroon" title="Albertskroon">Albertskroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra,_South_Africa" title="Alexandra, South Africa">Alexandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atholhurst" title="Atholhurst">Atholhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atholl,_Gauteng" title="Atholl, Gauteng">Atholl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atholl_Gardens" title="Atholl Gardens">Atholl Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagleyston" title="Bagleyston">Bagleyston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeque_Downs" title="Barbeque Downs">Barbeque Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeque_Downs_Business_Park" title="Barbeque Downs Business Park">Barbeque Downs Business Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benmore_Gardens" title="Benmore Gardens">Benmore Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berario" title="Berario">Berario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverley_Gardens" title="Beverley Gardens">Beverley Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birdhaven,_Gauteng" title="Birdhaven, Gauteng">Birdhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birnam,_Gauteng" title="Birnam, Gauteng">Birnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackheath,_Gauteng" title="Blackheath, Gauteng">Blackheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blairgowrie,_Gauteng" title="Blairgowrie, Gauteng">Blairgowrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloubosrand" title="Bloubosrand">Bloubosrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Hills,_Gauteng" title="Blue Hills, Gauteng">Blue Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux,_Gauteng" title="Bordeaux, Gauteng">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramley,_Gauteng" title="Bramley, Gauteng">Bramley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramley_North" title="Bramley North">Bramley North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramley_Park" title="Bramley Park">Bramley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridle_Park" title="Bridle Park">Bridle Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadacres,_Gauteng" title="Broadacres, Gauteng">Broadacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromhof" title="Bromhof">Bromhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryanbrink" title="Bryanbrink">Bryanbrink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryanston,_Gauteng" title="Bryanston, Gauteng">Bryanston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryanston_East,_Gauteng" title="Bryanston East, Gauteng">Bryanston East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryanston_West,_Gauteng" title="Bryanston West, Gauteng">Bryanston West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccleuch,_Gauteng" title="Buccleuch, Gauteng">Buccleuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bultfontein,_Johannesburg" title="Bultfontein, Johannesburg">Bultfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Hill,_Gauteng" title="Bush Hill, Gauteng">Bush Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlswald" title="Carlswald">Carlswald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartwell,_Gauteng" title="Chartwell, Gauteng">Chartwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheltondale" title="Cheltondale">Cheltondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chislehurston" title="Chislehurston">Chislehurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_Life_Park" title="Country Life Park">Country Life Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_View" title="Country View">Country View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowdray_Park,_Gauteng" title="Cowdray Park, Gauteng">Cowdray Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craighall" title="Craighall">Craighall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craighall_Park" title="Craighall Park">Craighall Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cramerview" title="Cramerview">Cramerview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cresta,_Gauteng" title="Cresta, Gauteng">Cresta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowthorne,_Gauteng" title="Crowthorne, Gauteng">Crowthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dainfern" title="Dainfern">Dainfern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Brink_Park" title="Daniel Brink Park">Daniel Brink Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrenwood" title="Darrenwood">Darrenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennehof,_Gauteng" title="Dennehof, Gauteng">Dennehof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepsloot" title="Diepsloot">Diepsloot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglasdale,_Gauteng" title="Douglasdale, Gauteng">Douglasdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhill,_Gauteng" title="Dunhill, Gauteng">Dunhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkeld,_Gauteng" title="Dunkeld, Gauteng">Dunkeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkeld_West" title="Dunkeld West">Dunkeld West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebony_Park" title="Ebony Park">Ebony Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edenburg,_Gauteng" title="Edenburg, Gauteng">Edenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elton_Hill" title="Elton Hill">Elton Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsom_Downs,_Gauteng" title="Epsom Downs, Gauteng">Epsom Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erand" title="Erand">Erand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairland,_Gauteng" title="Fairland, Gauteng">Fairland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairway,_Gauteng" title="Fairway, Gauteng">Fairway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairwood,_Gauteng" title="Fairwood, Gauteng">Fairwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmall,_Gauteng" title="Farmall, Gauteng">Farmall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellside,_Gauteng" title="Fellside, Gauteng">Fellside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferndale,_Gauteng" title="Ferndale, Gauteng">Ferndale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontainebleau,_Gauteng" title="Fontainebleau, Gauteng">Fontainebleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbesdale" title="Forbesdale">Forbesdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourways" title="Fourways">Fourways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt_Park" title="Franklin Roosevelt Park">Franklin Roosevelt Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo_Manor" title="Gallo Manor">Gallo Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gardens,_Johannesburg" title="The Gardens, Johannesburg">The Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Austin" title="Glen Austin">Glen Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenadrienne" title="Glenadrienne">Glenadrienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenside,_Gauteng" title="Greenside, Gauteng">Greenside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gresswold" title="Gresswold">Gresswold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greymont" title="Greymont">Greymont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfway_Gardens" title="Halfway Gardens">Halfway Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfway_House_Estate" title="Halfway House Estate">Halfway House Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkins_Estate" title="Hawkins Estate">Hawkins Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headway_Hill" title="Headway Hill">Headway Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlands_North,_Gauteng" title="Highlands North, Gauteng">Highlands North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghton_Estate" title="Houghton Estate">Houghton Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houtkoppen" title="Houtkoppen">Houtkoppen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurl_Park" title="Hurl Park">Hurl Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurlingham,_Gauteng" title="Hurlingham, Gauteng">Hurlingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurlingham_Gardens" title="Hurlingham Gardens">Hurlingham Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Gauteng" title="Hyde Park, Gauteng">Hyde Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illovo,_Gauteng" title="Illovo, Gauteng">Illovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inadan_(city)" title="Inadan (city)">Inadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inanda,_Gauteng" title="Inanda, Gauteng">Inanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Park" title="Ivory Park">Ivory Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_North" title="Johannesburg North">Johannesburg North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukskei_Park" title="Jukskei Park">Jukskei Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaalfontein" title="Kaalfontein">Kaalfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_B" title="Kensington B">Kensington B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentview,_Johannesburg" title="Kentview, Johannesburg">Kentview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew,_Gauteng" title="Kew, Gauteng">Kew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Rock" title="Khyber Rock">Khyber Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klevehill_Park" title="Klevehill Park">Klevehill Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kya_Sand" title="Kya Sand">Kya Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kya_Sands,_Johannesburg" title="Kya Sands, Johannesburg">Kya Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyalami_Agricultural_Holdings" title="Kyalami Agricultural Holdings">Kyalami AH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyalami_Business_Park" title="Kyalami Business Park">Kyalami Business Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyalami_Estates" title="Kyalami Estates">Kyalami Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden,_Gauteng" title="Linden, Gauteng">Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linksfield,_Johannesburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Linksfield, Johannesburg">Linksfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littlefillan" title="Littlefillan">Littlefillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Hill" title="Lone Hill">Lone Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyme_Park,_Gauteng" title="Lyme Park, Gauteng">Lyme Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magaliessig" title="Magaliessig">Magaliessig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malanshof" title="Malanshof">Malanshof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlboro,_Gauteng" title="Marlboro, Gauteng">Marlboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlboro_Gardens" title="Marlboro Gardens">Marlboro Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroeladal" title="Maroeladal">Maroeladal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryvale,_Gauteng" title="Maryvale, Gauteng">Maryvale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrose,_Johannesburg" title="Melrose, Johannesburg">Melrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrose_Estate" title="Melrose Estate">Melrose Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrose_North" title="Melrose North">Melrose North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrand" title="Midrand">Midrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midridge_Park" title="Midridge Park">Midridge Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Hill,_Gauteng" title="Mill Hill, Gauteng">Mill Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millgate_Farm" title="Millgate Farm">Millgate Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moodie_Hill" title="Moodie Hill">Moodie Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningside,_Gauteng" title="Morningside, Gauteng">Morningside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningside_Manor" title="Morningside Manor">Morningside Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brighton,_Johannesburg" title="New Brighton, Johannesburg">New Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlands,_Johannesburg" title="Newlands, Johannesburg">Newlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nietgedacht" title="Nietgedacht">Nietgedacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noordwyk" title="Noordwyk">Noordwyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norscot" title="Norscot">Norscot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Champagne_Estates" title="North Champagne Estates">North Champagne Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northcliff" title="Northcliff">Northcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Acres,_Gauteng" title="Northern Acres, Gauteng">Northern Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northgate,_Gauteng" title="Northgate, Gauteng">Northgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northriding" title="Northriding">Northriding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwood,_Gauteng" title="Norwood, Gauteng">Norwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oerder_Park" title="Oerder Park">Oerder Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivedale,_Gauteng" title="Olivedale, Gauteng">Olivedale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Grove,_Gauteng" title="Orange Grove, Gauteng">Orange Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osummit" title="Osummit">Osummit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkhurst,_Gauteng" title="Parkhurst, Gauteng">Parkhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkmore" title="Parkmore">Parkmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parktown_North" title="Parktown North">Parktown North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkview,_Gauteng" title="Parkview, Gauteng">Parkview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkwood,_Johannesburg" title="Parkwood, Johannesburg">Parkwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulshof" title="Paulshof">Paulshof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petervale" title="Petervale">Petervale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plooysville" title="Plooysville">Plooysville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Ridge" title="President Ridge">President Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabie_Ridge" title="Rabie Ridge">Rabie Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randburg" title="Randburg">Randburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randjesfontein_Agricultural_Holdings" title="Randjesfontein Agricultural Holdings">Randjesfontein AH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randjespark" title="Randjespark">Randjespark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randpark" title="Randpark">Randpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randpark_Ridge" title="Randpark Ridge">Randpark Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raumarais_Park" title="Raumarais Park">Raumarais Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Club,_Gauteng" title="River Club, Gauteng">River Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverbend,_Gauteng" title="Riverbend, Gauteng">Riverbend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivonia" title="Rivonia">Rivonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosebank,_Gauteng" title="Rosebank, Gauteng">Rosebank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouxville,_Johannesburg" title="Rouxville, Johannesburg">Rouxville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruiterhof" title="Ruiterhof">Ruiterhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salfred" title="Salfred">Salfred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhurst,_Gauteng" title="Sandhurst, Gauteng">Sandhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandown,_Gauteng" title="Sandown, Gauteng">Sandown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandton" title="Sandton">Sandton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Estate" title="Savoy Estate">Savoy Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxonwold" title="Saxonwold">Saxonwold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simba,_Gauteng" title="Simba, Gauteng">Simba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solridge" title="Solridge">Solridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathavon" title="Strathavon">Strathavon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strijdompark" title="Strijdompark">Strijdompark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunninghill,_Gauteng" title="Sunninghill, Gauteng">Sunninghill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrella" title="Sunrella">Sunrella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Acres" title="Sunset Acres">Sunset Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandia_Grove" title="Vandia Grove">Vandia Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Johannesburg" title="Victoria, Johannesburg">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Park,_Johannesburg" title="Victory Park, Johannesburg">Victory Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorna_Valley" title="Vorna Valley">Vorna Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterval_Estate,_Randburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterval Estate, Randburg">Waterval Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waverley,_Johannesburg" title="Waverley, Johannesburg">Waverley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wierda_Valley" title="Wierda Valley">Wierda Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willaway" title="Willaway">Willaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willowild" title="Willowild">Willowild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witkoppen" title="Witkoppen">Witkoppen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witpoort" title="Witpoort">Witpoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlands,_Johannesburg" title="Woodlands, Johannesburg">Woodlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodmead" title="Woodmead">Woodmead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wynberg,_Gauteng" title="Wynberg, Gauteng">Wynberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zandspruit" title="Zandspruit">Zandspruit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern<br />suburbs and<br />environs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeroton" title="Aeroton">Aeroton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Manor" title="Alan Manor">Alan Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberton,_South_Africa" title="Alberton, South Africa">Alberton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspen_Hills,_Gauteng" title="Aspen Hills, Gauteng">Aspen Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassonia" title="Bassonia">Bassonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booysens_(Johannesburg)" title="Booysens (Johannesburg)">Booysens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrisville" title="Chrisville">Chrisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Gardens" title="Crown Gardens">Crown Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepkloof" title="Diepkloof">Diepkloof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobsonville" title="Dobsonville">Dobsonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doornkop" title="Doornkop">Doornkop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drieziek" title="Drieziek">Drieziek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastcliff,_Johannesburg" title="Eastcliff, Johannesburg">Eastcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elandspark" title="Elandspark">Elandspark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldorado_Park,_Gauteng" title="Eldorado Park, Gauteng">Eldorado Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron,_Gauteng" title="Electron, Gauteng">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elladoone" title="Elladoone">Elladoone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennerdale,_South_Africa" title="Ennerdale, South Africa">Ennerdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evans_Park" title="Evans Park">Evans Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Hill,_Gauteng" title="Forest Hill, Gauteng">Forest Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framton" title="Framton">Framton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillview" title="Gillview">Gillview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenanda" title="Glenanda">Glenanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenesk" title="Glenesk">Glenesk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenvista" title="Glenvista">Glenvista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddon,_Gauteng" title="Haddon, Gauteng">Haddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hill,_Gauteng" title="The Hill, Gauteng">The Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_South" title="Johannesburg South">Johannesburg South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanana_Park" title="Kanana Park">Kanana Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenilworth,_Johannesburg" title="Kenilworth, Johannesburg">Kenilworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibler_Park" title="Kibler Park">Kibler Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klipriviersberg" title="Klipriviersberg">Klipriviersberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klipriviersberg_Estate" title="Klipriviersberg Estate">Klipriviersberg Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kliptown" title="Kliptown">Kliptown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle,_Johannesburg" title="La Rochelle, Johannesburg">La Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawley,_South_Africa" title="Lawley, South Africa">Lawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenasia" title="Lenasia">Lenasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liefde_en_Vrede" title="Liefde en Vrede">Liefde en Vrede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindberg_Park" title="Lindberg Park">Lindberg Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linmeyer" title="Linmeyer">Linmeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfield_Park,_Gauteng" title="Mayfield Park, Gauteng">Mayfield Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowlands,_Gauteng" title="Meadowlands, Gauteng">Meadowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meredale" title="Meredale">Meredale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moffat_View" title="Moffat View">Moffat View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondeor" title="Mondeor">Mondeor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulbarton,_Johannesburg" title="Mulbarton, Johannesburg">Mulbarton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasrec" title="Nasrec">Nasrec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noordgesig" title="Noordgesig">Noordgesig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakdene,_Johannesburg" title="Oakdene, Johannesburg">Oakdene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophirton" title="Ophirton">Ophirton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Farm" title="Orange Farm">Orange Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Soweto" title="Orlando, Soweto">Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormonde,_Gauteng" title="Ormonde, Gauteng">Ormonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phiri,_Soweto" title="Phiri, Soweto">Phiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protea_Glen" title="Protea Glen">Protea Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regents_Park,_Gauteng" title="Regents Park, Gauteng">Regents Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regents_Park_Estate" title="Regents Park Estate">Regents Park Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven,_Gauteng" title="Reuven, Gauteng">Reuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewlatch" title="Rewlatch">Rewlatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynolds_View" title="Reynolds View">Reynolds View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridgeway,_Johannesburg" title="Ridgeway, Johannesburg">Ridgeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risana" title="Risana">Risana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rispark" title="Rispark">Rispark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robertsham" title="Robertsham">Robertsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseacre,_Gauteng" title="Roseacre, Gauteng">Roseacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosettenville" title="Rosettenville">Rosettenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Claims" title="Salisbury Claims">Salisbury Claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selby,_Johannesburg" title="Selby, Johannesburg">Selby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Hills,_Gauteng" title="South Hills, Gauteng">South Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southdale,_Johannesburg" title="Southdale, Johannesburg">Southdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southfork,_Gauteng" title="Southfork, Gauteng">Southfork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southgate,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Southgate, Gauteng">Southgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Gauteng" title="Springfield, Gauteng">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford,_Gauteng" title="Stafford, Gauteng">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeledale" title="Steeledale">Steeledale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suideroord" title="Suideroord">Suideroord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta,_Gauteng" title="Theta, Gauteng">Theta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towerby" title="Towerby">Towerby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townsview" title="Townsview">Townsview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulisa_Park" title="Tulisa Park">Tulisa Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turf_Club,_Gauteng" title="Turf Club, Gauteng">Turf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turffontein" title="Turffontein">Turffontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unigray" title="Unigray">Unigray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Hills" title="Winchester Hills">Winchester Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zola,_South_Africa" title="Zola, South Africa">Zola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Rand" title="East Rand">East Rand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bapsfontein" title="Bapsfontein">Bapsfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedfordview" title="Bedfordview">Bedfordview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benoni,_South_Africa" title="Benoni, South Africa">Benoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezuidenhout_Valley" title="Bezuidenhout Valley">Bezuidenhout Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boksburg" title="Boksburg">Boksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakpan" title="Brakpan">Brakpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruma,_Gauteng" title="Bruma, Gauteng">Bruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrildene" title="Cyrildene">Cyrildene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daveyton" title="Daveyton">Daveyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_Park" title="Dawn Park">Dawn Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewetshof" title="Dewetshof">Dewetshof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duduza" title="Duduza">Duduza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edenvale,_South_Africa" title="Edenvale, South Africa">Edenvale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elcedes" title="Elcedes">Elcedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsburg" title="Elsburg">Elsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etwatwa" title="Etwatwa">Etwatwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairmount,_Gauteng" title="Fairmount, Gauteng">Fairmount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gables,_Gauteng" title="The Gables, Gauteng">The Gables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germiston" title="Germiston">Germiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenhazel" title="Glenhazel">Glenhazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenstone_Hill" title="Greenstone Hill">Greenstone Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heriotdale" title="Heriotdale">Heriotdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isando" title="Isando">Isando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katlehong" title="Katlehong">Katlehong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempton_Park,_South_Africa" title="Kempton Park, South Africa">Kempton Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Grove,_Gauteng" title="Allen Grove, Gauteng">Allen Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Manor,_Kempton_Park" title="Aston Manor, Kempton Park">Aston Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_Acres" title="Birch Acres">Birch Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birchleigh" title="Birchleigh">Birchleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birchleigh_North" title="Birchleigh North">Birchleigh North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaero_Park" title="Bonaero Park">Bonaero Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bredell,_Kempton_Park" title="Bredell, Kempton Park">Bredell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cresslawn" title="Cresslawn">Cresslawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croydon,_Kempton_Park" title="Croydon, Kempton Park">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edleen" title="Edleen">Edleen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Park" title="Esther Park">Esther Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Marais" title="Glen Marais">Glen Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempton_Park_West" title="Kempton Park West">Kempton Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Park" title="Nimrod Park">Nimrod Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norkem_Park" title="Norkem Park">Norkem Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomona,_Kempton_Park" title="Pomona, Kempton Park">Pomona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesfield" title="Rhodesfield">Rhodesfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartan,_Kempton_Park" title="Spartan, Kempton Park">Spartan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terenure,_Kempton_Park" title="Terenure, Kempton Park">Terenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Riebeeck_Park" title="Van Riebeeck Park">Van Riebeeck Park</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Gauteng" title="Kensington, Gauteng">Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KwaThema" title="KwaThema">KwaThema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeside,_Johannesburg" title="Lakeside, Johannesburg">Lakeside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langaville" title="Langaville">Langaville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardy_East" title="Lombardy East">Lombardy East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvern,_Gauteng" title="Malvern, Gauteng">Malvern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modderfontein_(East_Rand)" title="Modderfontein (East Rand)">Modderfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_View,_Johannesburg" title="Mountain View, Johannesburg">Mountain View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel,_Gauteng" title="Nigel, Gauteng">Nigel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaklands,_Gauteng" title="Oaklands, Gauteng">Oaklands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olifantsfontein" title="Olifantsfontein">Olifantsfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percelia_Estate" title="Percelia Estate">Percelia Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primrose,_South_Africa" title="Primrose, South Africa">Primrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolecon" title="Prolecon">Prolecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raedene_Estate" title="Raedene Estate">Raedene Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiger_Park" title="Reiger Park">Reiger Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandringham,_Gauteng" title="Sandringham, Gauteng">Sandringham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spes_Bona" title="Spes Bona">Spes Bona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springs,_South_Africa" title="Springs, South Africa">Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunningdale,_Gauteng" title="Sunningdale, Gauteng">Sunningdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunningdale_Ridge" title="Sunningdale Ridge">Sunningdale Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydenham,_Johannesburg" title="Sydenham, Johannesburg">Sydenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talboton" title="Talboton">Talboton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thembisa" title="Thembisa">Thembisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thokoza" title="Thokoza">Thokoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakane" title="Tsakane">Tsakane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vosloorus" title="Vosloorus">Vosloorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderers_View" title="Wanderers View">Wanderers View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattville" title="Wattville">Wattville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Rand" title="West Rand">West Rand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azaadville" title="Azaadville">Azaadville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekkersdal" title="Bekkersdal">Bekkersdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blyvooruitzicht" title="Blyvooruitzicht">Blyvooruitzicht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boikarabelo" title="Boikarabelo">Boikarabelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosmont" title="Bosmont">Bosmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carletonville" title="Carletonville">Carletonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont,_Johannesburg" title="Claremont, Johannesburg">Claremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantia_Kloof" title="Constantia Kloof">Constantia Kloof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronationville,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronationville, Gauteng">Coronationville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver,_Johannesburg" title="Denver, Johannesburg">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driefontein,_Gauteng" title="Driefontein, Gauteng">Driefontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Driefontein" title="East Driefontein">East Driefontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elandsrand" title="Elandsrand">Elandsrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida,_Gauteng" title="Florida, Gauteng">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Glen" title="Florida Glen">Florida Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Hills" title="Florida Hills">Florida Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fochville" title="Fochville">Fochville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hekpoort" title="Hekpoort">Hekpoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagiso" title="Kagiso">Kagiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khutsong" title="Khutsong">Khutsong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krugersdorp" title="Krugersdorp">Krugersdorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindley,_Gauteng" title="Lindley, Gauteng">Lindley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magaliesburg" title="Magaliesburg">Magaliesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohlakeng" title="Mohlakeng">Mohlakeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muldersdrift" title="Muldersdrift">Muldersdrift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munsieville" title="Munsieville">Munsieville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberholzer" title="Oberholzer">Oberholzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randfontein" title="Randfontein">Randfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rietvallei,_Gauteng" title="Rietvallei, Gauteng">Rietvallei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roodepoort" title="Roodepoort">Roodepoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophiatown" title="Sophiatown">Sophiatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venterspos" title="Venterspos">Venterspos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weltevredenpark" title="Weltevredenpark">Weltevredenpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welverdiend,_Gauteng" title="Welverdiend, Gauteng">Welverdiend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Driefontein" title="West Driefontein">West Driefontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westdene,_Johannesburg" title="Westdene, Johannesburg">Westdene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westonaria" title="Westonaria">Westonaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuurbekom" title="Zuurbekom">Zuurbekom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cityscape" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cityscape</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Hill,_Johannesburg" title="Constitution Hill, Johannesburg">Constitution Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyers_Naud%C3%A9_Square" title="Beyers Naudé Square">Beyers Naudé Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordsburg_Square" title="Fordsburg Square">Fordsburg Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Square" title="Gandhi Square">Gandhi Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Fitzgerald_Square" title="Mary Fitzgerald Square">Mary Fitzgerald Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu_Square" title="Walter Sisulu Square">Walter Sisulu Square</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7th_Street_(Johannesburg)" title="7th Street (Johannesburg)">7th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_Street_(Johannesburg)" title="Commissioner Street (Johannesburg)">Commissioner Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munro_Drive" title="Munro Drive">Munro Drive</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beyers_Naud%C3%A9_Drive" title="Beyers Naudé Drive">Beyers Naudé Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Smuts_Avenue" title="Jan Smuts Avenue">Jan Smuts Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Botha_Avenue" title="Louis Botha Avenue">Louis Botha Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malibongwe_Drive" title="Malibongwe Drive">Malibongwe Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Routes_in_Johannesburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Routes in Johannesburg">Metropolitan routes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M1_(Johannesburg)" title="M1 (Johannesburg)">M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2_(Johannesburg)" title="M2 (Johannesburg)">M2</a></li></ul></li> <li>Provincial routes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R21_(South_Africa)" title="R21 (South Africa)">R21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R24_(South_Africa)" title="R24 (South Africa)">R24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R25_(South_Africa)" title="R25 (South Africa)">R25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R29_(South_Africa)" title="R29 (South Africa)">R29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R41_(South_Africa)" title="R41 (South Africa)">R41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R55_(South_Africa)" title="R55 (South Africa)">R55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R82_(South_Africa)" title="R82 (South Africa)">R82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R101_(South_Africa)" title="R101 (South Africa)">R101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R511_(South_Africa)" title="R511 (South Africa)">R511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R512_(South_Africa)" title="R512 (South Africa)">R512</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R553_(South_Africa)" title="R553 (South Africa)">R553</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R562_(South_Africa)" title="R562 (South Africa)">R562</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R564_(South_Africa)" title="R564 (South Africa)">R564</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Ring_Road" title="Johannesburg Ring Road">Johannesburg Ring Road</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N1_(South_Africa)" title="N1 (South Africa)">N1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N1_Western_Bypass_(Johannesburg)" title="N1 Western Bypass (Johannesburg)">Western Bypass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N3_(South_Africa)" title="N3 (South Africa)">N3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N3_Eastern_Bypass_(Johannesburg)" title="N3 Eastern Bypass (Johannesburg)">Eastern Bypass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N12_(South_Africa)" title="N12 (South Africa)">N12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N12_Southern_Bypass_(Johannesburg)" title="N12 Southern Bypass (Johannesburg)">Southern Bypass</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N17_(South_Africa)" title="N17 (South Africa)">N17</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Johannesburg" title="List of tallest buildings in Johannesburg">Tallest buildings</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Walker" title="Fire Walker">Fire Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Hill,_Johannesburg#Flame_of_Democracy" title="Constitution Hill, Johannesburg">Flame of Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Mural_by_Shepard_Fairey" title="Nelson Mandela Mural by Shepard Fairey">Nelson Mandela Mural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Power_Station" title="Orlando Power Station">Orlando Power Station cooling towers</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Statues" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Johannesburg" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Johannesburg">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Nelson_Mandela,_Johannesburg" title="Statue of Nelson Mandela, Johannesburg">Nelson Mandela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civic<br />buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_City_Hall" title="Johannesburg City Hall">Johannesburg City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Central_Police_Station" title="Johannesburg Central Police Station">Johannesburg Central Police Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Office<br />buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11_Diagonal_Street" title="11 Diagonal Street">11 Diagonal Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Mines_Building" title="Chamber of Mines Building">Chamber of Mines Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_House_(building)" title="Chancellor House (building)">Chancellor House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Building" title="Consolidated Building">Consolidated Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corner_House_(Johannesburg)" title="Corner House (Johannesburg)">Corner House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona_Lodge" title="Corona Lodge">Corona Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuthberts_Building" title="Cuthberts Building">Cuthberts Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskom_Centre" title="Eskom Centre">Eskom Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Trades_Hall" title="Johannesburg Trades Hall">Johannesburg Trades Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberley_House" title="Kimberley House">Kimberley House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_House" title="Logistics House">Logistics House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_House_(Johannesburg)" title="London House (Johannesburg)">London House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luthuli_House" title="Luthuli House">Luthuli House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markham_Building" title="Markham Building">Markham Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megawatt_Park" title="Megawatt Park">Megawatt Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natal_Bank_Building" title="Natal Bank Building">Natal Bank Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_Building" title="National Bank Building">National Bank Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_House_(Johannesburg)" title="Shell House (Johannesburg)">Shell House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Bank_Building" title="Standard Bank Building">Standard Bank Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_House" title="Victory House">Victory House</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Skyscrapers" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Skyscrapers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absa_Tower" title="Absa Tower">Absa Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Centre" title="Carlton Centre">Carlton Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Hotel_(Johannesburg)" title="Carlton Hotel (Johannesburg)">Carlton Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_Square_(Johannesburg)" title="Exchange Square (Johannesburg)">Exchange Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hekro_Towers" title="Hekro Towers">Hekro Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Sun_Hotel" title="Johannesburg Sun Hotel">Johannesburg Sun Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kine_Centre" title="Kine Centre">Kine Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Leonardo_(Sandton)" title="The Leonardo (Sandton)">The Leonardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Towers" title="Marble Towers">Marble Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariston_Hotel" title="Mariston Hotel">Mariston Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Towers" title="Michelangelo Towers">Michelangelo Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiopark" title="Radiopark">Radiopark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlesinger_Building" title="Schlesinger Building">Schlesinger Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Life_Centre" title="Southern Life Centre">Southern Life Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Bank_Centre" title="Standard Bank Centre">Standard Bank Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_Bank_Building" title="Trust Bank Building">Trust Bank Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCS_Building" title="UCS Building">UCS Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Residential<br />buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansteys_Building" title="Ansteys Building">Ansteys Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arop_House" title="Arop House">Arop House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Mansions" title="Astor Mansions">Astor Mansions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Royal" title="Beacon Royal">Beacon Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Court,_Johannesburg" title="Circle Court, Johannesburg">Circle Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorkay_House" title="Dorkay House">Dorkay House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghton_Heights" title="Houghton Heights">Houghton Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsway_Mansions,_Johannesburg" title="Kingsway Mansions, Johannesburg">Kingsway Mansions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauriston_Court" title="Lauriston Court">Lauriston Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manners_Mansions" title="Manners Mansions">Manners Mansions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radoma_Court" title="Radoma Court">Radoma Court</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Skyscrapers" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Skyscrapers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/120_End_Street" title="120 End Street">120 End Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highpoint_Hillbrow" title="Highpoint Hillbrow">Highpoint Hillbrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_City" title="Ponte City">Ponte City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tygerberg_building" title="Tygerberg building">Tygerberg Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brixton_Tower" title="Brixton Tower">Brixton Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillbrow_Tower" title="Hillbrow Tower">Hillbrow Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Bridge" title="Nelson Mandela Bridge">Nelson Mandela Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayston_Pedestrian_and_Cycle_Bridge" title="Grayston Pedestrian and Cycle Bridge">Grayston Pedestrian and Cycle Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban planning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Renewal_Project" title="Alexandra Renewal Project">Alexandra Renewal Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heritage conservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Heritage_Foundation" title="Johannesburg Heritage Foundation">Johannesburg Heritage Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Government" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Government</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_South_Africa" title="Courts of South Africa">Courts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_South_Africa" title="Constitutional Court of South Africa">Constitutional Court of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauteng_Division" title="Gauteng Division">South Gauteng High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Court_of_South_Africa" title="Labour Court of South Africa">Labour Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Appeal_Court_of_South_Africa" title="Labour Appeal Court of South Africa">Labour Appeal Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chapter_nine_institutions" title="Chapter nine institutions">Chapter nine institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Gender_Equality" title="Commission for Gender Equality">Commission for Gender Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_the_Promotion_and_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_Cultural,_Religious_and_Linguistic_Communities" title="Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities">CRL Rights Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Human_Rights_Commission" title="South African Human Rights Commission">Human Rights Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauteng_Provincial_Legislature" title="Gauteng Provincial Legislature">Gauteng Provincial Legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_Gauteng" title="Executive Council of Gauteng">Executive Council of Gauteng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_South_Africa" title="Municipalities of South Africa">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality">City of Johannesburg</a> <ul><li>Seat: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johannesburg</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Johannesburg" title="Mayor of Johannesburg">Mayor</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dada_Morero" title="Dada Morero">Dada Morero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Johannesburg_elections" title="City of Johannesburg elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Johannesburg" title="Flag of Johannesburg">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Johannesburg" title="Coat of arms of Johannesburg">Coat of arms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Ekurhuleni_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality">City of Ekurhuleni</a> <ul><li>Seat: <b><a href="/wiki/Germiston" title="Germiston">Germiston</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Ekurhuleni" title="Mayor of Ekurhuleni">Mayor</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nkosindiphile_Xhakaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nkosindiphile Xhakaza (page does not exist)">Nkosindiphile Xhakaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Ekurhuleni_elections" title="City of Ekurhuleni elections">Elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Rand_District_Municipality" title="West Rand District Municipality">West Rand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merafong_City_Local_Municipality" title="Merafong City Local Municipality">Merafong</a> <ul><li>Seat: <b><a href="/wiki/Carletonville" title="Carletonville">Carletonville</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogale_City_Local_Municipality" title="Mogale City Local Municipality">Mogale</a> <ul><li>Seat: <b><a href="/wiki/Krugersdorp" title="Krugersdorp">Krugersdorp</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_West_City_Local_Municipality" title="Rand West City Local Municipality">Rand West</a> <ul><li>Seat: <b><a href="/wiki/Randfontein" title="Randfontein">Randfontein</a></b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Bureau of the Pan-African Parliament">Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the Pan-African Parliament">Secretariat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development#Structure" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">NEPAD Secretariat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Politics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governing parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality">Johannesburg</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Ekurhuleni_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality">Ekurhuleni</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Rand_District_Municipality" title="West Rand District Municipality">West Rand</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merafong_City_Local_Municipality" title="Merafong City Local Municipality">Merafong</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogale_City_Local_Municipality" title="Mogale City Local Municipality">Mogale</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/African_Transformation_Movement" title="African Transformation Movement">ATM</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_West_City_Local_Municipality" title="Rand West City Local Municipality">Rand West</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a></b></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political organisations<br />and parties based in<br />Greater Johannesburg</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActionSA" title="ActionSA">ActionSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Christian_Democratic_Party" title="African Christian Democratic Party">African Christian Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress_Veterans%27_League" title="African National Congress Veterans' League">Veteran's League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress_Women%27s_League" title="African National Congress Women's League">Women's League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress_Youth_League" title="African National Congress Youth League">Youth League</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_People%27s_Convention" title="African People's Convention">African People's Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agang_South_Africa" title="Agang South Africa">Agang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azanian_People%27s_Organisation" title="Azanian People's Organisation">Azanian People's Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_Party_of_South_Africa" title="Capitalist Party of South Africa">Capitalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_People_(South_African_political_party)" title="Congress of the People (South African political party)">Congress of the People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagga_Party" title="Dagga Party">Dagga Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Freedom_Fighters" title="Economic Freedom Fighters">Economic Freedom Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Africanist_Congress_of_Azania" title="Pan Africanist Congress of Azania">Pan Africanist Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Communist_Party" title="South African Communist Party">South African Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Revolutionary_Workers_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party (South Africa)">Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_and_Socialist_Party" title="Workers and Socialist Party">Workers and Socialist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade unions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_South_African_Trade_Unions" title="Congress of South African Trade Unions">COSATU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Food_and_Allied_Democratic_Workers_Union" title="Agricultural Food and Allied Democratic Workers Union">AFADWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical,_Energy,_Paper,_Printing,_Wood_and_Allied_Workers%27_Union" title="Chemical, Energy, Paper, Printing, Wood and Allied Workers' Union">CEPPWAWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_Workers_Union_(South_Africa)" title="Communication Workers Union (South Africa)">CWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Education,_Health_and_Allied_Workers%27_Union" title="National Education, Health and Allied Workers' Union">NEHAWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Mineworkers_(South_Africa)" title="National Union of Mineworkers (South Africa)">NUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_and_Prisons_Civil_Rights_Union" title="Police and Prisons Civil Rights Union">POPCRU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Agricultural_Plantation_and_Allied_Workers_Union" title="South African Agricultural Plantation and Allied Workers Union">SAAPAWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Commercial,_Catering_and_Allied_Workers_Union" title="South African Commercial, Catering and Allied Workers Union">SACCAWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Democratic_Nurses%27_Union" title="South African Democratic Nurses' Union">SADNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Democratic_Teachers_Union" title="South African Democratic Teachers Union">SADTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Football_Players_Union" title="South African Football Players Union">SAFPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Municipal_Workers%27_Union" title="South African Municipal Workers' Union">SAMWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_State_and_Allied_Workers%27_Union" title="South African State and Allied Workers' Union">SASAWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SASBO_%E2%80%93_The_Finance_Union" title="SASBO – The Finance Union">SASBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Transport_and_Allied_Workers_Union" title="South African Transport and Allied Workers Union">SATAWU</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Unions_of_South_Africa" title="Federation of Unions of South Africa">FEDUSA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UASA" title="UASA">UASA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Trade_Unions" title="National Council of Trade Unions">NACTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="South African Federation of Trade Unions">SAFTU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Metalworkers_of_South_Africa" title="National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa">NUMSA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other political<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikanerbond" title="Afrikanerbond">Afrikanerbond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Kathrada_Foundation" title="Ahmed Kathrada Foundation">Ahmed Kathrada Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civicus" title="Civicus">Civicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_South_African_Students" title="Congress of South African Students">COSAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagga_Couple" title="Dagga Couple">Dagga Couple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthlife_Africa" title="Earthlife Africa">Earthlife Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Market_Foundation" title="Free Market Foundation">Free Market Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Suzman_Foundation" title="Helen Suzman Foundation">Helen Suzman Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma_Foundation" title="Jacob Zuma Foundation">Jacob Zuma Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keep_Left_(South_Africa)" title="Keep Left (South Africa)">Keep Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landless_People%27s_Movement" title="Landless People's Movement">Landless People's Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Undoing_Tax_Abuse" title="Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse">OUTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Africanist_Student_Movement_of_Azania" title="Pan Africanist Student Movement of Azania">PASMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Students_Congress" title="South African Students Congress">SASCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Institute_of_Race_Relations" title="South African Institute of Race Relations">South African Institute of Race Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Zionist_Federation" title="South African Zionist Federation">South African Zionist Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Alliance" title="Tripartite Alliance">Tripartite Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabalaza_Anarchist_Communist_Front" title="Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front">Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Johannesburg" title="History of Johannesburg">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Johannesburg" title="Timeline of Johannesburg">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kweneng%27_Ruins" title="Kweneng' Ruins">Kweneng' Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlokwe_Ruins" title="Tlokwe Ruins">Tlokwe Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Gold_Rush" title="Witwatersrand Gold Rush">Witwatersrand Gold Rush</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_Revolution" title="Mineral Revolution">Mineral Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_gold_fields" title="Transvaal gold fields">Transvaal gold fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randlord" title="Randlord">Randlords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uitlander" title="Uitlander">Uitlanders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferreirasdorp#History" title="Ferreirasdorp">Ferreira's Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fortifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Hill,_Johannesburg#Old_Fort_prison_buildings" title="Constitution Hill, Johannesburg">Johannesburg Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockhouses_of_the_Second_Anglo-Boer_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Blockhouses of the Second Anglo-Boer War">Blockhouses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monuments<br />and memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Boer_War_Memorial_(Johannesburg)" title="Anglo-Boer War Memorial (Johannesburg)">Anglo-Boer War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hani_Memorial" title="Chris Hani Memorial">Chris Hani Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Hill,_Johannesburg" title="Constitution Hill, Johannesburg">Constitution Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Pieterson_Museum" title="Hector Pieterson Museum">Hector Pieterson Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observatory_Ridge,_Johannesburg" title="Observatory Ridge, Johannesburg">Indian Army Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Horse_War_Memorial" title="Scottish Horse War Memorial">Scottish Horse War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu_Square" title="Walter Sisulu Square">Walter Sisulu Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cemeteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalon_Cemetery" title="Avalon Cemetery">Avalon Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliwe_Cemetery" title="Juliwe Cemetery">Juliwe Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westpark_Cemetery" title="Westpark Cemetery">Westpark Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical<br />sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_Men%27s_Social_Centre" title="Bantu Men's Social Centre">Bantu Men's Social Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchoff%27s_Building" title="Kirchoff's Building">Kirchoff's Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langlaagte_Stamp_Mill" title="Langlaagte Stamp Mill">Langlaagte Stamp Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OK_Bazaars" title="OK Bazaars">OK Bazaars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Water_Board_Building" title="Rand Water Board Building">Rand Water Board Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Square_(Oriental_Plaza)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Square (Oriental Plaza)">Red Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rissik_Street_Post_Office" title="Rissik Street Post Office">Rissik Street Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlom_Native_Eating_House" title="Shlom Native Eating House">Shlom Native Eating House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Observatory" title="Union Observatory">Union Observatory</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Houses" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Houses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/36_Houghton_Drive" title="36 Houghton Drive">36 Houghton Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Webster_House" title="David Webster House">David Webster House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr_Xuma_house" title="Dr Xuma house">Dr Xuma House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endstead" title="Endstead">Endstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Brunton" title="House Brunton">House Brunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Hains" title="House Hains">House Hains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mpanza_House" title="James Mpanza House">James Mpanza House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kholvad_House" title="Kholvad House">Kholvad House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindfield_House" title="Lindfield House">Lindfield House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_House" title="Mandela House">Mandela House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parktown_mansions" title="Parktown mansions">Parktown mansions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Arcadia,_Parktown" title="Villa Arcadia, Parktown">Villa Arcadia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pullinger_Kop" class="mw-redirect" title="Pullinger Kop">Pullinger Kop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahima_Moosa_House" title="Rahima Moosa House">Rahima Moosa House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha_House" title="Satyagraha House">Satyagraha House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_House" title="Tutu House">Tutu House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_d%27Este_(Johannesburg)" title="Villa d'Este (Johannesburg)">Villa d'Este</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical<br />companies and<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosasa" title="Bosasa">Bosasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deneys_Reitz" title="Deneys Reitz">Deneys Reitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edcon" title="Edcon">Edcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lema_(company)" title="Lema (company)">Lema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_and_Tambo" title="Mandela and Tambo">Mandela and Tambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simmer_and_Jack" title="Simmer and Jack">Simmer and Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBS_Mutual_Bank" title="VBS Mutual Bank">VBS Mutual Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Privatisation_Forum" title="Anti-Privatisation Forum">Anti-Privatisation Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sash" title="Black Sash">Black Sash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Front" title="Democratic Left Front">Democratic Left Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_and_Lesbian_Organization_of_Witwatersrand" title="Gay and Lesbian Organization of Witwatersrand">Gay and Lesbian Organization of Witwatersrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World_(South_Africa)" title="Industrial Workers of the World (South Africa)">Industrial Workers of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMkhonto_we_Sizwe_Military_Veterans%27_Association" title="UMkhonto we Sizwe Military Veterans' Association">MK Military Veterans' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Reform_Committee" title="Johannesburg Reform Committee">Reform Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Azania" title="Socialist Party of Azania">Socialist Party of Azania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Native_Labour_Association" title="Witwatersrand Native Labour Association">Witwatersrand Native Labour Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jameson_Raid" title="Jameson Raid">Jameson Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braamfontein_Explosion" title="Braamfontein Explosion">Braamfontein explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Doornkop" title="Battle of Doornkop">Battle of Doornkop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Witpoort" title="Battle of Witpoort">Battle of Witpoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Rebellion" title="Rand Rebellion">Rand Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_Exhibition,_South_Africa" title="Empire Exhibition, South Africa">Empire Exhibition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Schlesinger_African_Air_Race" title="The Schlesinger African Air Race">Schlesinger African Air Race</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_African_Mine_Workers%27_Union_strike" title="1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike">1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophiatown#Forced_removals" title="Sophiatown">Sophiatown forced removals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_People_(1955)" title="Congress of the People (1955)">Congress of the People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Charter" title="Freedom Charter">Freedom Charter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Treason_Trial" title="1956 Treason Trial">Treason Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Alexandra_bus_boycott" title="1957 Alexandra bus boycott">1957 Alexandra bus boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soweto_uprising" title="Soweto uprising">Soweto uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_in_the_Park_(South_Africa)" title="Concert in the Park (South Africa)">Concert in the Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westdene_dam_disaster" title="Westdene dam disaster">Westdene dam disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eerste_Alternatiewe_Afrikaanse_Rockkonsert" title="Eerste Alternatiewe Afrikaanse Rockkonsert">Eerste Alternatiewe Afrikaanse Rockkonsert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Kempton_Park_World_Trade_Centre" title="Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre">Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_House_massacre" title="Shell House massacre">Shell House massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Park_Stadium_disaster" title="Ellis Park Stadium disaster">Ellis Park Stadium disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bredell_land_occupation" title="Bredell land occupation">Bredell land occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Summit_2002" title="Earth Summit 2002">World Summit on Sustainable Development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Declaration" title="Johannesburg Declaration">Johannesburg Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Soweto_bombings" title="2002 Soweto bombings">2002 Soweto bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma_rape_trial" title="Jacob Zuma rape trial">Jacob Zuma rape trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_8_concert,_Johannesburg" title="Live 8 concert, Johannesburg">Live 8 concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_Earth_concert,_Johannesburg" title="Live Earth concert, Johannesburg">Live Earth concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_World_2008" title="Miss World 2008">Miss World 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_World_2009" title="Miss World 2009">Miss World 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_South_Africa#Occupy_Johannesburg" title="Occupy South Africa">Occupy Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Mido_Macia" title="Murder of Mido Macia">Murder of Mido Macia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="Death and state funeral of Nelson Mandela">Death and state memorial service of Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_train_crash" title="Johannesburg train crash">2015 train crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FeesMustFall" title="FeesMustFall">#FeesMustFall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Esidimeni_scandal" title="Life Esidimeni scandal">Life Esidimeni scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_BRICS_summit" title="10th BRICS summit">10th BRICS summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zondo_Commission" title="Zondo Commission">Zondo Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Johannesburg_riots" title="2019 Johannesburg riots">2019 riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Nathaniel_Julies" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Nathaniel Julies">Shooting of Nathaniel Julies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_South_African_unrest" title="2021 South African unrest">Zuma riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Babita_Deokaran" title="Murder of Babita Deokaran">Murder of Babita Deokaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Soweto_shooting" title="2022 Soweto shooting">2022 Soweto shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boksburg_explosion" title="Boksburg explosion">Boksburg explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Boksburg_gas_leak" title="2023 Boksburg gas leak">2023 Boksburg gas leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_BRICS_summit" title="15th BRICS summit">15th BRICS summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Johannesburg_building_fire" title="2023 Johannesburg building fire">2023 building fire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Culture">Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural heritage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Johannesburg" title="Architecture of Johannesburg">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumboot_dance" title="Gumboot dance">Gumboot dancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatlo" title="Spatlo">amaKota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaito" title="Kwaito">Kwaito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performance art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joburg_Ballet" title="Joburg Ballet">Joburg Ballet</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical ensembles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Johannesburg Philharmonic Orchestra">Johannesburg Philharmonic Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Youth_Orchestra" title="Johannesburg Youth Orchestra">Johannesburg Youth Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soweto_Gospel_Choir" title="Soweto Gospel Choir">Soweto Gospel Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soweto_String_Quartet" title="Soweto String Quartet">Soweto String Quartet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theatres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Theatre_(Johannesburg)" title="Alexander Theatre (Johannesburg)">Alexander Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Theatre_(Johannesburg)" title="Alhambra Theatre (Johannesburg)">Alhambra Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joburg_Theatre" title="Joburg Theatre">Johannesburg Civic Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Theatre_(Johannesburg)" title="Market Theatre (Johannesburg)">Market Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wits_Theatre_Complex" title="Wits Theatre Complex">Wits Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Events_in_Johannesburg" title="Category:Events in Johannesburg">Events and festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_fairs_in_South_Africa#Abantu_Book_Festival" title="Book fairs in South Africa">Abantu Book Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encounters_Festival_South_Africa" title="Encounters Festival South Africa">Encounters South African International Documentary Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joburg_Art_Fair" title="Joburg Art Fair">Joburg Art Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_City_(South_African_festival)" title="In the City (South African festival)">In the City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_International_Motor_Show" title="Johannesburg International Motor Show">Johannesburg International Motor Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_parades_in_South_Africa#Johannesburg" title="Pride parades in South Africa">Johannesburg Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_fairs_in_South_Africa#Jozi_Book_Fair" title="Book fairs in South Africa">Jozi Book Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naledi_Theatre_Awards" title="Naledi Theatre Awards">Naledi Theatre Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_In_Africa_South_African_Gay_and_Lesbian_Film_Festival" title="Out In Africa South African Gay and Lesbian Film Festival">Out In Africa South African Gay and Lesbian Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAMFest" title="RAMFest">RAMFest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Show" title="Rand Show">Rand Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_fairs_in_South_Africa#South_Africa’s_Children’s_Book_Fair" title="Book fairs in South Africa">South Africa’s Children’s Book Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transforming_Stories_International_Christian_Film_Festival" title="Transforming Stories International Christian Film Festival">Transforming Stories International Christian Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_South_Africa" title="Ultra South Africa">Ultra South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums and art<br />galleries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid_Museum" title="Apartheid Museum">Apartheid Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Hill,_Johannesburg#Museum" title="Constitution Hill, Johannesburg">Constitution Hill Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fietas_Museum" title="Fietas Museum">Fietas Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Reef_City" title="Gold Reef City">Gold Reef City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodman_Gallery" title="Goodman Gallery">Goodman Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Pieterson_Museum" title="Hector Pieterson Museum">Hector Pieterson Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hall_Transport_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="James Hall Transport Museum">James Hall Transport Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joburg_Contemporary_Art_Foundation" title="Joburg Contemporary Art Foundation">Joburg Contemporary Art Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Art_Gallery" title="Johannesburg Art Gallery">Johannesburg Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Holocaust_and_Genocide_Centre" title="Johannesburg Holocaust and Genocide Centre">Johannesburg Holocaust and Genocide Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Museum_Society" title="South African Airways Museum Society">South African Airways Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_House" title="Mandela House">Mandela House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Photo_Workshop" title="Market Photo Workshop">Market Photo Workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cradle_of_Humankind#Visitor_centres" title="Cradle of Humankind">Maropeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Museum_of_Military_History" title="South African National Museum of Military History">Military History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MuseuMAfricA" title="MuseuMAfricA">Museum Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photo:" title="Photo:">Photo:</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha_House" title="Satyagraha House">Satyagraha House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Library_and_Museum" title="Workers' Library and Museum">Workers' Museum</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAB_World_of_Beer" title="SAB World of Beer">SAB World of Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Railway_And_Steam_Museum" title="South African National Railway And Steam Museum">South African National Railway And Steam Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clubs and societies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATKV" title="ATKV">Afrikaanse Taal- en Kultuurvereniging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobile_Association_of_South_Africa" title="Automobile Association of South Africa">Automobile Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Club_(Johannesburg)" title="Nippon Club (Johannesburg)">Nippon Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Club" title="Rand Club">Rand Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Museum_Society" title="South African Airways Museum Society">SAA Museum Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Radio_League" title="South African Radio League">South African Radio League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Vexillological_Association" title="Southern African Vexillological Association">Southern African Vexillological Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_Johannesburg" title="Category:Religion in Johannesburg">Religion</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Council_of_Churches" title="South African Council of Churches">SACC</a></li> <li>Anglican <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Johannesburg" title="Anglican Diocese of Johannesburg">Diocese of Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_Highveld" title="Diocese of the Highveld">Diocese of the Highveld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Christ_the_King" title="Diocese of Christ the King">Diocese of Christ the King</a></li></ul></li> <li>Catholic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Johannesburg" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Johannesburg">Archdiocese of Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Da_Gama" title="Knights of Da Gama">Knights of Da Gama</a></li></ul></li> <li>Protestant <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Southern_Africa" title="Baptist Union of Southern Africa">Baptist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbytery_of_Egoli" title="Presbytery of Egoli">Presbytery of Egoli</a></li></ul></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Orthodox_Synagogues" title="Union of Orthodox Synagogues">Union of Orthodox Synagogues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Beth_Din" title="Johannesburg Beth Din">Johannesburg Beth Din</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohr_Somayach,_South_Africa" title="Ohr Somayach, South Africa">Ohr Somayach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Union_for_Progressive_Judaism" title="South African Union for Progressive Judaism">SAUPJ</a></li></ul></li> <li>Islamic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamiatul_Ulama_South_Africa" title="Jamiatul Ulama South Africa">Jamiatul Ulama</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Places_ofworship" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places of<br />worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Southern_Africa" title="Anglican Church of Southern Africa">Anglican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Johannesburg" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Johannesburg">Cathedral Church of Saint Mary the Virgin</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/St_Dunstan%27s_Cathedral,_Benoni" title="St Dunstan's Cathedral, Benoni">Cathedral Church of Saint Dunstan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Aidan%27s_Anglican_Church,_Johannesburg" title="St Aidan's Anglican Church, Johannesburg">St Aidan's Anglican Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Boniface_Church,_Germiston" title="St Boniface Church, Germiston">St Boniface Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Anglican_Church,_Rosettenville" title="St. Mary's Anglican Church, Rosettenville">St Mary's Anglican Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael_and_All_Angels%27_Anglican_Church,_Weltevreden_Park" title="St. Michael and All Angels' Anglican Church, Weltevreden Park">St Michael and All Angels' Anglican Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Church,_Troyeville" title="Baptist Church, Troyeville">Troyeville Baptist Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brixton_Reformed_Church" title="Brixton Reformed Church">Brixton Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Church,_Turffontein" title="Congregational Church, Turffontein">Congregational Church, Turffontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordsburg_Reformed_Church" title="Fordsburg Reformed Church">Fordsburg Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_East_Reformed_Church_(NGK)" title="Johannesburg East Reformed Church (NGK)">Johanesburg East Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_North_Reformed_Church_(NGK)" title="Johannesburg North Reformed Church (NGK)">Johannesburg North Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Reformed_Church_(NGK)" title="Johannesburg Reformed Church (NGK)">Johannesburg Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Reformed_Church_(GKSA)" title="Johannesburg Reformed Church (GKSA)">Johannesburg Reformed Church (GKSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langlaagte_Reformed_Church" title="Langlaagte Reformed Church">Langlaagte Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden_Reformed_Church" title="Linden Reformed Church">Linden Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkhurst_Reformed_Church" title="Parkhurst Reformed Church">Parkhurst Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turffontein_Reformed_Church" title="Turffontein Reformed Church">Turffontein Reformed Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Christ_The_King,_Johannesburg" title="Cathedral of Christ The King, Johannesburg">Cathedral of Christ the King</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church,_Braamfontein" title="Holy Trinity Catholic Church, Braamfontein">Holy Trinity Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_Mundi_Catholic_Church_(Soweto)" title="Regina Mundi Catholic Church (Soweto)">Regina Mundi Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Maronite" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Cedars" title="Shrine of Our Lady of the Cedars">Shrine of Our Lady of the Cedars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek<br />Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Sts._Constantine_and_Helen" title="Cathedral of Sts. Constantine and Helen">Cathedral of Saints Constantine and Helen</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Latter-day<br />Saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_South_Africa_Temple" title="Johannesburg South Africa Temple">Johannesburg South Africa Temple</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friedenskirche_(Hillbrow)" title="Friedenskirche (Hillbrow)">Friedenskirche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Synagogues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chassidim_Shul" title="Chassidim Shul">Chassidim Shul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doornfontein_Synagogue" title="Doornfontein Synagogue">Doornfontein Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_(Johannesburg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Synagogue (Johannesburg)">Great Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Shul" title="Oxford Shul">Oxford Shul</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Historical" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_Street_Synagogue" title="President Street Synagogue">President Street Synagogue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Progressive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Emanuel_Progressive_Synagogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit Emanuel Progressive Synagogue">Beit Emanuel Progressive Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Israel_(Johannesburg)" title="Temple Israel (Johannesburg)">Temple Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mosques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerk_Street_Mosque" title="Kerk Street Mosque">Jumah Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamiye_Mosque" title="Nizamiye Mosque">Nizamiye Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hindu temples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Kailash_Temple,_Midrand" title="Madhya Kailash Temple, Midrand">Madhya Kailash Shiva Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scientology centres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Kyalami" title="Castle Kyalami">Castle Kyalami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Johannesburg" title="Category:Mass media in Johannesburg">Media</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Editors%27_Forum" title="South African National Editors' Forum">South African National Editors' Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Music_Rights_Organisation" title="Southern African Music Rights Organisation">Southern African Music Rights Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AmaBhungane" title="AmaBhungane">AmaBhungane</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mass media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/African_Communist" title="African Communist">African Communist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drum_(South_African_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drum (South African magazine)">Drum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Mail" title="Financial Mail">Financial Mail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mining_Weekly" title="Mining Weekly">Mining Weekly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_Industry_Online" title="Music Industry Online">Music Industry Online</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomad_Africa_Magazine" title="Nomad Africa Magazine">Nomad Africa Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SA_Flyer" title="SA Flyer">SA Flyer</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Arbeider_en_arm_boer" title="Die Arbeider en arm boer">Die Arbeider en Arm Boer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Style_(magazine)" title="Style (magazine)">Style</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Top_40_Music_Magazine" title="Top 40 Music Magazine">Top 40 Music Magazine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Newspapers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caxton_and_CTP_Publishers_and_Printers#Newspapers" title="Caxton and CTP Publishers and Printers">Caxton local newspapers</a> (various)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beeld" title="Beeld">Beeld</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Business_Day_(South_Africa)" title="Business Day (South Africa)">Business Day</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Citizen_(South_African_newspaper)" title="The Citizen (South African newspaper)">The Citizen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/City_Press_(South_Africa)" title="City Press (South Africa)">City Press</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Maverick" title="Daily Maverick">Daily Maverick</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Sun_(South_Africa)" title="Daily Sun (South Africa)">Daily Sun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Report" title="Jewish Report">Jewish Report</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mail_%26_Guardian" title="Mail & Guardian">Mail & Guardian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mayihlome_News" title="Mayihlome News">Mayihlome News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rapport_(newspaper)" title="Rapport (newspaper)">Rapport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_South_African" title="The South African">The South African</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sowetan" title="The Sowetan">The Sowetan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(South_Africa)" title="The Star (South Africa)">The Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Independent_(South_Africa)" title="The Sunday Independent (South Africa)">The Sunday Independent</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Times_(South_Africa)" title="Sunday Times (South Africa)">Sunday Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TimesLIVE" title="TimesLIVE">TimesLIVE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wits_Vuvuzela" title="Wits Vuvuzela">Wits Vuvuzela</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Age_(South_African_newspaper)" title="New Age (South African newspaper)">New Age</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Age_(South_African_newspaper)" title="The New Age (South African newspaper)">The New Age</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_World_(South_African_newspaper)" title="The World (South African newspaper)">The World</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5FM" title="5FM">5FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_702" title="Radio 702">702</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/947_(radio_station)" title="947 (radio station)">947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArrowLine_Chinese_Radio" title="ArrowLine Chinese Radio">ArrowLine Chinese Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boervolk_Radio" title="Boervolk Radio">Boervolk Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChaiFM" title="ChaiFM">ChaiFM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Africa" title="Channel Africa">Channel Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekurhuleni_FM" title="Ekurhuleni FM">Ekurhuleni FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_1027" title="Hot 1027">Hot 1027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozi_FM" title="Jozi FM">Jozi FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasie_FM_97.1" title="Kasie FM 97.1">Kasie FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaya_FM" title="Kaya FM">Kaya FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_FM" title="Metro FM">Metro FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munghana_Lonene_FM" title="Munghana Lonene FM">Munghana Lonene FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_FM_(South_Africa)" title="Power FM (South Africa)">Power FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_2000" title="Radio 2000">Radio 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Sonder_Grense" title="Radio Sonder Grense">Radio Sonder Grense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_FM_91.9" title="Rock FM 91.9">Rock FM 91.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAfm" title="SAfm">SAfm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UJFM" title="UJFM">UJFM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YFM" title="YFM">YFM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Africa" title="CNBC Africa">CNBC Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ENCA" title="ENCA">eNCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-Net" title="M-Net">M-Net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me_(South_African_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Me (South African TV channel)">Me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_1" title="SABC 1">SABC 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_2" title="SABC 2">SABC 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_3" title="SABC 3">SABC 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_Children" title="SABC Children">SABC Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_Education" title="SABC Education">SABC Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_News" title="SABC News">SABC News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_Sport" title="SABC Sport">SABC Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soweto_TV" title="Soweto TV">Soweto TV</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M-Net_Series" title="M-Net Series">M-Net Series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_Resource_Unit" title="Film Resource Unit">Film Resource Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quizzical_Pictures" title="Quizzical Pictures">Quizzical Pictures</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killarney_Film_Studios" title="Killarney Film Studios">Killarney Film Studios</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Record labels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambitiouz_Entertainment" title="Ambitiouz Entertainment">Ambitiouz Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCP_Records" title="CCP Records">CCP Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Tree_Records" title="Family Tree Records">Family Tree Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo_Record_Company" title="Gallo Record Company">Gallo Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalawa_Jazmee_Records" title="Kalawa Jazmee Records">Kalawa Jazmee Records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Game studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_Games" title="Celestial Games">Celestial Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural references</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/District_9" title="District 9">District 9</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Egoli:_Place_of_Gold" title="Egoli: Place of Gold">Egoli: Place of Gold</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gimme_Hope_Jo%27anna" title="Gimme Hope Jo'anna">Gimme Hope Jo'anna</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Festival_Overture" title="Johannesburg Festival Overture">Johannesburg Festival Overture</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Housewives_of_Johannesburg" title="The Real Housewives of Johannesburg">The Real Housewives of Johannesburg</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarafina!_(film)" title="Sarafina! (film)">Sarafina!</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Soweto_Blues" title="Soweto Blues">Soweto Blues</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Our_Hillbrow" title="Welcome to Our Hillbrow">Welcome to Our Hillbrow</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zoo_City" title="Zoo City">Zoo City</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Economy">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JSE_Limited" title="JSE Limited">Johannesburg Stock Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AltX" title="AltX">AltX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Futures_Exchange" title="South African Futures Exchange">Safex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_traded_on_the_JSE" title="List of companies traded on the JSE">companies traded</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A2X_Markets" title="A2X Markets">A2X Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenthurst_Foundation" title="Brenthurst Foundation">Brenthurst Foundation</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Companies_based_in_Greater_Johannesburg" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Witwatersrand_companies" title="Template:Witwatersrand companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Witwatersrand_companies" title="Template talk:Witwatersrand companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Witwatersrand_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Witwatersrand companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Companies_based_in_Greater_Johannesburg" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Companies based in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Johannesburg" title="Greater Johannesburg">Greater Johannesburg</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diversified<br />conglomerates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aveng" title="Aveng">Aveng</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barloworld_Limited" title="Barloworld Limited">Barloworld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bidvest_Group" title="Bidvest Group">Bidvest</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_House_(company)" title="Chancellor House (company)">Chancellor House</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Famous_Brands" title="Famous Brands">Famous Brands</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airlines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aerolift" title="Aerolift">Aerolift</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Airlink" title="Airlink">Airlink</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Airlink_Cargo" title="Airlink Cargo">Cargo</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CemAir" title="CemAir">CemAir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Egoli_Air" title="Egoli Air">Egoli Air</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Air" title="Federal Air">Federal Air</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Global_Aviation" title="Global Aviation">Global Aviation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Airways_Corporation" title="National Airways Corporation">National Airways</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norse_Air" title="Norse Air">Norse Air</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phoebus_Apollo_Aviation" title="Phoebus Apollo Aviation">Phoebus Apollo Aviation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways">SAA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Safair" title="Safair">Safair</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/FlySafair" title="FlySafair">FlySafair</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solenta_Aviation" title="Solenta Aviation">Solenta Aviation</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1time" title="1time">1time</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_International_Airways" title="African International Airways">African International Airways</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/AirQuarius_Aviation" title="AirQuarius Aviation">AirQuarius Aviation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Avia_(airline)" title="Avia (airline)">Avia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comair_(South_Africa)" title="Comair (South Africa)">Comair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Command_Airways_(South_Africa)" title="Command Airways (South Africa)">Command Airways</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Aerospace" title="Executive Aerospace">Executive Aerospace</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fly_Blue_Crane" title="Fly Blue Crane">Fly Blue Crane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Air_Cargo" title="Imperial Air Cargo">Imperial Air Cargo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Interair_South_Africa" title="Interair South Africa">Interair South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Interlink_Airlines" title="Interlink Airlines">Interlink Airlines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kulula.com" title="Kulula.com">kulula.com</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mango_(airline)" title="Mango (airline)">Mango</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_Airlines_(South_Africa)" title="Nationwide Airlines (South Africa)">Nationwide Airlines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rossair_Executive_Air_Charter" title="Rossair Executive Air Charter">Rossair Executive Air Charter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rovos_Air" title="Rovos Air">Rovos Air</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Skywise_(airline)" title="Skywise (airline)">Skywise</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Express" title="South African Express">South African Express</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Construction<br />and engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Concor" title="Concor">Concor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murray_%26_Roberts" title="Murray & Roberts">Murray & Roberts</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/DLO_Energy_Resources_Group" title="DLO Energy Resources Group">DLO Energy Resources</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Total_South_Africa" title="Total South Africa">Total South Africa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Absa_Group_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Absa Group Limited">Absa Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Forbes_Group_Holdings" title="Alexander Forbes Group Holdings">Alexforbes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Limited" title="Discovery Limited">Discovery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Evolution_Group_(South_Africa)" title="Evolution Group (South Africa)">Evolution Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hollard_Group" title="Hollard Group">Hollard Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Investec" title="Investec">Investec</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Holdings_Limited" title="Liberty Holdings Limited">Liberty Holdings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Livestock_Wealth" title="Livestock Wealth">Livestock Wealth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MiWay_Insurance" title="MiWay Insurance">MiWay Insurance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lesaka_Technologies" title="Lesaka Technologies">Lesaka Technologies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Old_Mutual" title="Old Mutual">Old Mutual</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Riovic" title="Riovic">Riovic Capital Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RMB_Holdings" title="RMB Holdings">RMB Holdings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rand_Merchant_Investment_Holdings" title="Rand Merchant Investment Holdings">RMI Holdings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/STANLIB" title="STANLIB">STANLIB</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Venmyn_Rand" title="Venmyn Rand">Venmyn Rand</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Banks" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Absa_Bank_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Absa Bank Limited">Absa Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Access_Bank_South_Africa" title="Access Bank South Africa">Access Bank South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Alliance_Investment_Bank" title="African Alliance Investment Bank">African Alliance Investment Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Bank_Limited" title="African Bank Limited">African Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bank_Zero" title="Bank Zero">Bank Zero</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bidvest_Bank" title="Bidvest Bank">Bidvest Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Development_Bank_of_Southern_Africa" title="Development Bank of Southern Africa">DBSA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_National_Bank_(South_Africa)" title="First National Bank (South Africa)">First National Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/FirstRand" title="FirstRand">FirstRand Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Bank_South_Africa" title="Imperial Bank South Africa">Imperial Bank South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mercantile_Bank_(South_Africa)" title="Mercantile Bank (South Africa)">Mercantile Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nedbank" title="Nedbank">Nedbank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RMB_Holdings" title="RMB Holdings">Rand Merchant Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sasfin_Bank" title="Sasfin Bank">Sasfin Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered_South_Africa" title="Standard Chartered South Africa">Stanchart South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Bank" title="Standard Bank">Standard Bank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/TymeBank" title="TymeBank">TymeBank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ubank" title="Ubank">Ubank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wizzit" title="Wizzit">Wizzit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/VBS_Mutual_Bank" title="VBS Mutual Bank">VBS Mutual Bank</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitality</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Sun_Hotels" title="Southern Sun Hotels">Southern Sun Hotels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sun_International" title="Sun International">Sun International</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tsogo_Sun" title="Tsogo Sun">Tsogo Sun</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ICT</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrihost" title="Afrihost">Afrihost</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/BCX_(Business_Connexion_Group)" class="mw-redirect" title="BCX (Business Connexion Group)">BCX</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cell_C" title="Cell C">Cell C</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cybatar" title="Cybatar">Cybatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Datatec" title="Datatec">Datatec</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dimension_Data" title="Dimension Data">Dimension Data</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/EOH_Holdings" title="EOH Holdings">EOH Holdings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IVeri_Payment_Technologies" title="IVeri Payment Technologies">iVeri Payment Technologies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MTN_Group" title="MTN Group">MTN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neotel" title="Neotel">Neotel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/OTEL_Telecoms" title="OTEL Telecoms">OTEL Telecoms</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rain_(telecommunications)" title="Rain (telecommunications)">Rain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sybrin" title="Sybrin">Sybrin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Teraco_Data_Environments" title="Teraco Data Environments">Teraco Data Environments</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vodacom" title="Vodacom">Vodacom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Solutions" title="Internet Solutions">Internet Solutions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luma_Arcade" title="Luma Arcade">Luma Arcade</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vision_Software" title="Vision Software">Vision Software</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bowman_Gilfillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowman Gilfillan">Bowman Gilfillan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ENSafrica" title="ENSafrica">ENSafrica</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Webber_Wentzel" title="Webber Wentzel">Webber Wentzel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Werksmans" title="Werksmans">Werksmans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deneys_Reitz_Inc" title="Deneys Reitz Inc">Deneys Reitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mandela_and_Tambo" title="Mandela and Tambo">Mandela and Tambo</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adcock_Ingram" title="Adcock Ingram">Adcock Ingram</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/AECI" title="AECI">AECI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Explosives" title="African Explosives">African Explosives</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/All_Joy_Foods" title="All Joy Foods">All Joy Foods</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bakers_(bakery)" title="Bakers (bakery)">Bakers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clover_Industries" title="Clover Industries">Clover Industries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Engineering_Works" title="French Engineering Works">FEW</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Water_Cooling" title="Industrial Water Cooling">IWC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isuzu_Trucks_South_Africa" title="Isuzu Trucks South Africa">Isuzu Trucks South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Land_Systems_OMC" title="Land Systems OMC">Land Systems OMC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nampak" title="Nampak">Nampak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Group" title="Paramount Group">Paramount Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/PPC_Ltd." title="PPC Ltd.">PPC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Premier_FMCG" title="Premier FMCG">Premier FMCG</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rand_Refinery" title="Rand Refinery">Rand Refinery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_Group" title="Rembrandt Group">Rembrandt Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sappi" title="Sappi">Sappi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simba_(South_African_company)" title="Simba (South African company)">Simba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SkyReach_Aircraft" title="SkyReach Aircraft">SkyReach Aircraft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sling_Aircraft" title="Sling Aircraft">Sling Aircraft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Breweries" title="South African Breweries">South African Breweries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Brands" title="Tiger Brands">Tiger Brands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Truvelo_Armoury" title="Truvelo Armoury">Truvelo Armoury</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_Carriage_%26_Wagon" title="Union Carriage & Wagon">Union Carriage & Wagon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Basil_Green_Motors" title="Basil Green Motors">Basil Green Motors</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_PowerChutes" title="New PowerChutes">New PowerChutes</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arena_Holdings" title="Arena Holdings">Arena Holdings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Caxton_and_CTP_Publishers_and_Printers" title="Caxton and CTP Publishers and Printers">Caxton and CTP Publishers and Printers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MultiChoice" title="MultiChoice">MultiChoice</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nu_Metro_Cinemas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nu Metro Cinemas">Nu Metro Cinemas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Primedia" title="Primedia">Primedia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SABC" title="SABC">SABC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/StarSat" title="StarSat">StarSat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ster-Kinekor" title="Ster-Kinekor">Ster-Kinekor</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mining</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexkor" title="Alexkor">Alexkor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asa_Resources_Group" title="Asa Resources Group">Asa Resources</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Rainbow_Minerals" title="African Rainbow Minerals">African Rainbow Minerals</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/AngloGold_Ashanti" title="AngloGold Ashanti">AngloGold Ashanti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/DRDGOLD_Limited" title="DRDGOLD Limited">DRDGOLD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_Rand_Mine" title="East Rand Mine">ERPM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gold_Fields" title="Gold Fields">Gold Fields</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harmony_Gold_(mining)" title="Harmony Gold (mining)">Harmony Gold</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impala_Platinum" title="Impala Platinum">Impala Platinum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/JCI_Limited" title="JCI Limited">JCI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Metorex" title="Metorex">Metorex</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northam_Platinum" title="Northam Platinum">Northam Platinum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sibanye-Stillwater" title="Sibanye-Stillwater">Sibanye-Stillwater</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simmer_and_Jack" title="Simmer and Jack">Simmer and Jack</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retail and<br />marketing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/AutoTrader.co.za" title="AutoTrader.co.za">AutoTrader</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bidorbuy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidorbuy">Bidorbuy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cadac_(South_Africa)" title="Cadac (South Africa)">Cadac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CNA_(bookstore)" title="CNA (bookstore)">CNA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Creative_Counsel" title="The Creative Counsel">The Creative Counsel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dis-Chem" title="Dis-Chem">Dis-Chem</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Books" title="Exclusive Books">Exclusive Books</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Automotive_South_Africa" title="Hyundai Automotive South Africa">Hyundai South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Incredible_Connection" title="Incredible Connection">Incredible Connection</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Massmart" title="Massmart">Massmart</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wantitall.co.za" title="Wantitall.co.za">Wantitall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edcon" title="Edcon">Edcon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/OK_Bazaars" title="OK Bazaars">OK Bazaars</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Restaurant<br />franchises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chicken_Licken_(restaurant)" title="Chicken Licken (restaurant)">Chicken Licken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Debonairs_Pizza" title="Debonairs Pizza">Debonairs Pizza</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mugg_%26_Bean" title="Mugg & Bean">Mugg & Bean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nando%27s" title="Nando's">Nando's</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roman%27s_Pizza" title="Roman's Pizza">Roman's Pizza</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steers_(restaurant)" title="Steers (restaurant)">Steers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wimpy_(restaurant)" title="Wimpy (restaurant)">Wimpy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Netcare" title="Netcare">Netcare</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SA_Waste_Holdings" title="SA Waste Holdings">SA Waste Holdings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bosasa" title="Bosasa">Bosasa</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Avis_Southern_Africa" title="Avis Southern Africa">Avis Southern Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comazar" title="Comazar">Comazar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/PUTCO" title="PUTCO">PUTCO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Surtees_Rail_Group" title="Surtees Rail Group">Surtees Rail Group</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_South_Africa" title="State-owned enterprises of South Africa">State-owned<br />enterprises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Airports_Company_South_Africa" title="Airports Company South Africa">Airports Company South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denel_Aeronautics" title="Denel Aeronautics">Denel Aeronautics</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Development_Bank_of_Southern_Africa" title="Development Bank of Southern Africa">Development Bank of Southern Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eskom" title="Eskom">Eskom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rand_Water" title="Rand Water">Rand Water</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SABC" title="SABC">South African Broadcasting Corporation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sasol" title="Sasol">Sasol</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sentech" title="Sentech">Sentech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways" title="South African Airways">South African Airways</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transnet" title="Transnet">Transnet</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Freightdynamics" title="Freightdynamics">Freightdynamics</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Defunct</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lema_(company)" title="Lema (company)">Lema</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Ekurhuleni" title="Category:Companies based in Ekurhuleni">Companies based in Ekurhuleni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Johannesburg" title="Category:Companies based in Johannesburg">Companies based in Johannesburg</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professional<br />associations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauteng_Institute_for_Architecture" title="Gauteng Institute for Architecture">Gauteng Institute for Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Institute_of_Chartered_Accountants" title="South African Institute of Chartered Accountants">South African Institute of Chartered Accountants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Institute_of_Electrical_Engineers" title="South African Institute of Electrical Engineers">South African Institute of Electrical Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Institute_of_Professional_Accountants" title="South African Institute of Professional Accountants">South African Institute of Professional Accountants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mining</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minerals_Council_South_Africa" title="Minerals Council South Africa">Minerals Council South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Refinery" title="Rand Refinery">Rand Refinery</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mines" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blyvooruitzicht_mine" title="Blyvooruitzicht mine">Blyvooruitzicht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driefontein_mine" title="Driefontein mine">Driefontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Rand_Mine" title="East Rand Mine">ERPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDC_mine" title="KDC mine">KDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopanang_mine" title="Kopanang mine">Kopanang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusasalethu_mine" title="Kusasalethu mine">Kusasalethu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mintails_mine" title="Mintails mine">Mintails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mponeng_Gold_Mine" title="Mponeng Gold Mine">Mponeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Randfontein_mine" title="Old Randfontein mine">Old Randfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randfontein_mine" title="Randfontein mine">Randfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Deep_mine" title="South Deep mine">South Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TauTona_Mine" title="TauTona Mine">TauTona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Wits_mine" title="West Wits mine">West Wits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shopping centres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Centre" title="Carlton Centre">Carlton Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cresta_Shopping_Centre" title="Cresta Shopping Centre">Cresta Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobsonville_Shopping_Centre" title="Dobsonville Shopping Centre">Dobsonville Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastgate_Shopping_Centre,_Johannesburg" title="Eastgate Shopping Centre, Johannesburg">Eastgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourways_Mall" title="Fourways Mall">Fourways Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_Corner_(shopping_centre)" title="Hyde Park Corner (shopping centre)">Hyde Park Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mall_of_Africa" title="Mall of Africa">Mall of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maponya_Mall" title="Maponya Mall">Maponya Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Square" title="Nelson Mandela Square">Nelson Mandela Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northgate_Shopping_Centre,_Johannesburg" title="Northgate Shopping Centre, Johannesburg">Northgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northmead_Square" title="Northmead Square">Northmead Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivonia_Square" title="Rivonia Square">Oriental City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Plaza" title="Oriental Plaza">Oriental Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protea_Glen_Mall" title="Protea Glen Mall">Protea Glen Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandton_City" title="Sandton City">Sandton City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southgate_Shopping_Centre" title="Southgate Shopping Centre">Southgate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hotels and resorts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Leonardo_(Sandton)" title="The Leonardo (Sandton)">The Leonardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Towers" title="Michelangelo Towers">Michelangelo Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montecasino" title="Montecasino">Montecasino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bassline_(club)" title="The Bassline (club)">The Bassline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Park_Arena" title="Ellis Park Arena">Ellis Park Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallagher_Convention_Centre" title="Gallagher Convention Centre">Gallagher Convention Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Restaurants,<br />bars and cafés</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Radium_Beerhall" title="The Radium Beerhall">The Radium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tourism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Reef_City" title="Gold Reef City">Gold Reef City</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cultural_villages" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ke-Ditselana_Tourism_and_Multi-Cultural_Village" title="Ke-Ditselana Tourism and Multi-Cultural Village">Ke-Ditselana Cultural Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vusamazulu_Credo_Mutwa#Kwa-Khaya_Lendaba_cultural_village" title="Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa">Kwa-Khaya Lendaba Cultural Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesedi_Cultural_Village" title="Lesedi Cultural Village">Lesedi Cultural Village</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Transport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Johannesburg" title="Transport in Johannesburg">Transport</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil aviation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Civil_Aviation_Authority" title="South African Civil Aviation Authority">South African Civil Aviation Authority</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Airports" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Airports">Airports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Airport" title="Grand Central Airport">Grand Central Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanseria_International_Airport" title="Lanseria International Airport">Lanseria International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O._R._Tambo_International_Airport" title="O. R. Tambo International Airport">O. R. Tambo International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Airport" title="Rand Airport">Rand Airport</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palmietfontein_Airport" title="Palmietfontein Airport">Palmietfontein Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Roads">Road transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauteng_Department_of_Roads_and_Transport" title="Gauteng Department of Roads and Transport">Gauteng Department of Roads and Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Roads_Agency" title="Johannesburg Roads Agency">Johannesburg Roads Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Routes_in_Johannesburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Routes in Johannesburg">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_freeways" title="Johannesburg freeways">Freeways</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E-toll_(South_Africa)" title="E-toll (South Africa)">e-tolling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Bus_and_taxi_transit">Buses and taxis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PUTCO" title="PUTCO">PUTCO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Johannesburg" title="Trolleybuses in Johannesburg">Trolleybuses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Rail">Rail transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gautrain" title="Gautrain">Gautrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrorail_Gauteng" title="Metrorail Gauteng">Metrorail Gauteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg-Durban_High_Speed_Rail" title="Johannesburg-Durban High Speed Rail">Johannesburg–Durban high speed rail</a> (proposed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Johannesburg" title="Trams in Johannesburg">Trams</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Train_stations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Train stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Park_station" title="Johannesburg Park station">Johannesburg Park Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlboro_(Gautrain_station)" title="Marlboro (Gautrain station)">Marlboro Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrand_(Gautrain_station)" title="Midrand (Gautrain station)">Midrand Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesfield_(Gautrain_station)" title="Rhodesfield (Gautrain station)">Rhodesfield Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosebank_(Gautrain_station)" title="Rosebank (Gautrain station)">Rosebank Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandton_(Gautrain_station)" title="Sandton (Gautrain station)">Sandton Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sports">Sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports governing<br />bodies based in<br />Greater Johannesburg</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Sports_Confederation_and_Olympic_Committee" title="South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee">SASCOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_South_Africa" title="Athletics South Africa">Athletics South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketball_South_Africa" title="Basketball South Africa">Basketball South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowls_South_Africa" title="Bowls South Africa">Bowls South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_South_Africa" title="Cricket South Africa">Cricket South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_Sports_South_Africa" title="Mind Sports South Africa">Mind Sports South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Baseball_Union" title="South African Baseball Union">South African Baseball Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Confederation_of_Cue_Sport" title="South African Confederation of Cue Sport">South African Confederation of Cue Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Equestrian_Federation" title="South African Equestrian Federation">South African Equestrian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Football_Association" title="South African Football Association">South African Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Handball_Federation" title="South African Handball Federation">South African Handball Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Hockey_Association" title="South African Hockey Association">South African Hockey Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Climbing_Federation" title="South African National Climbing Federation">South African National Climbing Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Sailing" title="South African Sailing">South African Sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_South_Africa" title="Squash South Africa">Squash South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball_South_Africa" title="Volleyball South Africa">Volleyball South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soccer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlie_F.C." title="Atlie F.C.">Atlie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidvest_Wits_F.C." title="Bidvest Wits F.C.">Bidvest Wits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jomo_Cosmos_F.C." title="Jomo Cosmos F.C.">Jomo Cosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JVW_F.C." title="JVW F.C.">JVW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaizer_Chiefs_F.C." title="Kaizer Chiefs F.C.">Kaizer Chiefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitano_F.C._(South_Africa)" title="Lusitano F.C. (South Africa)">Lusitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_Tigers_F.C." title="M Tigers F.C.">Mahlangu Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroka_Swallows_F.C." title="Moroka Swallows F.C.">Moroka Swallows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Pirates_F.C." title="Orlando Pirates F.C.">Orlando Pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg_women%27s_football" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Johannesburg women's football">UJ Ladies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wits_University_F.C." title="Wits University F.C.">Wits University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yebo_Yes_United_F.C." title="Yebo Yes United F.C.">Yebo Yes United</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Former" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germiston_Callies_F.C." title="Germiston Callies F.C.">Germiston Callies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_Blackpool" title="Giant Blackpool">Giant Blackpool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rugby</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Lions" title="Golden Lions">Golden Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lions_(United_Rugby_Championship)" title="Lions (United Rugby Championship)">Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcons_(rugby_union)" title="Falcons (rugby union)">Falcons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozi_Cats" title="Jozi Cats">Jozi Cats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cricket</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Gauteng_women%27s_cricket_team" title="Central Gauteng women's cricket team">Central Gauteng Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easterns_(cricket_team)" title="Easterns (cricket team)">Easterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easterns_women%27s_cricket_team" title="Easterns women's cricket team">Easterns Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauteng_(cricket_team)" title="Gauteng (cricket team)">Highveld Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Lions" title="Imperial Lions">Imperial Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joburg_Super_Kings" title="Joburg Super Kings">Joburg Super Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titans_(cricket_team)" title="Titans (cricket team)">Titans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basketball</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egoli_Magic" title="Egoli Magic">Egoli Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozi_Nuggets" title="Jozi Nuggets">Jozi Nuggets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soweto_Panthers" title="Soweto Panthers">Soweto Panthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg_men%27s_basketball" title="University of Johannesburg men's basketball">UJ men's basketball team</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equestrian sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Horseracing_Authority" title="National Horseracing Authority">National Horseracing Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Lipizzaners" title="South African Lipizzaners">South African Lipizzaners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_South_Africa_vs_New_Zealand_rugby_union_match" title="1992 South Africa vs New Zealand rugby union match">1992 Return Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Rugby_World_Cup" title="1995 Rugby World Cup">1995 Rugby World Cup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1995_Rugby_World_Cup_final" title="1995 Rugby World Cup final">Final</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Cricket_World_Cup" title="2003 Cricket World Cup">2003 Cricket World Cup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Cricket_World_Cup_final" title="2003 Cricket World Cup final">Final</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2010 FIFA World Cup">2010 FIFA World Cup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_final" title="2010 FIFA World Cup final">Final</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joburg_Open" title="Joburg Open">Joburg Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joburg_Ladies_Open" title="Joburg Ladies Open">Joburg Ladies Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Derby" title="South African Derby">South African Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_PGA_Championship" title="South African PGA Championship">South African PGA Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soweto_derby" title="Soweto derby">Soweto Derby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stadia and<br />arenas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Stadium_(South_Africa)" title="Alexandra Stadium (South Africa)">Alexandra Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Block_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Block Park">Arthur Block Park Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnard_Stadium" title="Barnard Stadium">Barnard Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidvest_Stadium" title="Bidvest Stadium">Bidvest Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosman_Stadium" title="Bosman Stadium">Bosman Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Payne_Stadium" title="Cecil Payne Stadium">Cecil Payne Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobsonville_Stadium" title="Dobsonville Stadium">Dobsonville Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Park_Arena" title="Ellis Park Arena">Ellis Park Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Park_Stadium" title="Ellis Park Stadium">Ellis Park Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germiston_Stadium" title="Germiston Stadium">Germiston Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntersfield_Stadium" title="Huntersfield Stadium">Huntersfield Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Stadium" title="Johannesburg Stadium">Johannesburg Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KwaThema_Stadium" title="KwaThema Stadium">KwaThema Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenasia_Stadium" title="Lenasia Stadium">Lenasia Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhulong_Stadium" title="Makhulong Stadium">Makhulong Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehlareng_Stadium" title="Mehlareng Stadium">Mehlareng Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modderfontein_Stadium" title="Modderfontein Stadium">Modderfontein Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohlakeng_Stadium" title="Mohlakeng Stadium">Mohlakeng Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Stadium" title="Orlando Stadium">Orlando Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potgietersrus_Rugby_Stadium" title="Potgietersrus Rugby Stadium">Potgietersrus Rugby Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabie_Ridge_Stadium" title="Rabie Ridge Stadium">Rabie Ridge Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Stadium" title="Rand Stadium">Rand Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randburg_Hockey_Stadium" title="Randburg Hockey Stadium">Randburg Hockey Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruimsig_Stadium" title="Ruimsig Stadium">Ruimsig Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinaba_Stadium" title="Sinaba Stadium">Sinaba Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FNB_Stadium" title="FNB Stadium">Soccer City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soweto_Cricket_Oval" title="Soweto Cricket Oval">Soweto Cricket Oval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UJ_Stadium" title="UJ Stadium">UJ Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Stadium" title="Union Stadium">Union Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderers_Stadium" title="Wanderers Stadium">Wanderers Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willowmoore_Park" title="Willowmoore Park">Willowmoore Park Stadium</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Wanderers" title="Old Wanderers">Old Wanderers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAM_Brink_Stadium" title="PAM Brink Stadium">PAM Brink Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WeBuyCars_Dome" title="WeBuyCars Dome">WeBuyCars Dome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Golf courses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glendower_Golf_Club" title="Glendower Golf Club">Glendower Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randpark_Golf_Club" title="Randpark Golf Club">Randpark Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Johannesburg_%26_Kensington_Golf_Club" title="Royal Johannesburg & Kensington Golf Club">Royal Johannesburg & Kensington Golf Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equestrian<br />venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turffontein_Racecourse" title="Turffontein Racecourse">Turffontein Racecourse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motorsports<br />venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyalami" title="Kyalami">Kyalami Grand Prix Circuit</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Education_and_research" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Education">Education and research</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauteng_Department_of_Education" title="Gauteng Department of Education">GDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_%26_Individual_Development_Association" title="Community & Individual Development Association">CIDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_of_Tertiary_Institutions_of_the_Northern_Metropolis" title="Foundation of Tertiary Institutions of the Northern Metropolis">FOTIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geological_Society_of_South_Africa" title="Geological Society of South Africa">Geological Society of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_Institute_for_Development_Studies" title="Mandela Institute for Development Studies">Mandela Institute for Development Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Audience_Research_Foundation" title="South African Audience Research Foundation">SAARF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Institute_for_Heritage_Science_and_Conservation" title="South African Institute for Heritage Science and Conservation">South African Institute for Heritage Science and Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Sponsorship_Programme_South_Africa" title="Student Sponsorship Programme South Africa">Student Sponsorship Programme South Africa</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Childrens_Library" title="Alexandra Childrens Library">Alexandra Childrens Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenthurst_Library" title="Brenthurst Library">Brenthurst Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Club#Library" title="Rand Club">Buckland Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_City_Library" title="Johannesburg City Library">Johannesburg Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_East_Public_Library" title="Orlando East Public Library">Orlando East Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randburg_Library" title="Randburg Library">Randburg Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Libraries,_collections_and_museums" title="University of Johannesburg">UJ Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand#Libraries" title="University of the Witwatersrand">University of the Witwatersrand Libraries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg" title="University of Johannesburg">University of Johannesburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Johannesburg Institute for Advanced Study">Johannesburg Institute for Advanced Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UJFM" title="UJFM">UJFM</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Campuses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunting_Road_Campus_Auckland_Park" title="Bunting Road Campus Auckland Park">APB Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsway_Campus_Auckland_Park" title="Kingsway Campus Auckland Park">APK Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Doornfontein" title="University of Johannesburg">Doornfontein Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Soweto" title="University of Johannesburg">Soweto Campus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Faculties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Art,_Design_and_Architecture" title="University of Johannesburg">Art, Design and Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#College_of_Business_and_Economics" title="University of Johannesburg">Business and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Education" title="University of Johannesburg">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Engineering_and_the_Built_Environment" title="University of Johannesburg">Engineering and the Built Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Health_Sciences" title="University of Johannesburg">Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Humanities" title="University of Johannesburg">Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Law" title="University of Johannesburg">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg#Science" title="University of Johannesburg">Science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="University of the Witwatersrand">University of the Witwatersrand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campuses_of_the_University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="Campuses of the University of the Witwatersrand">Campuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_Studies_Institute" title="Evolutionary Studies Institute">Evolutionary Studies Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Change_Institute" title="Global Change Institute">Global Change Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Mining_Water_Research_Unit" title="Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit">Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Planetarium" title="Johannesburg Planetarium">Johannesburg Planetarium</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Papers" title="Philosophical Papers">Philosophical Papers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wits_Theatre_Complex" title="Wits Theatre Complex">Wits Theatre Complex</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wits_Vuvuzela" title="Wits Vuvuzela">Wits Vuvuzela</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Faculties" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Faculties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand#Commerce,_Law,_and_Management" title="University of the Witwatersrand">Commerce, Law and Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand#Engineering_and_the_Built_Environment" title="University of the Witwatersrand">Engineering and the Built Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand_School_of_Architecture_%26_Planning" title="University of the Witwatersrand School of Architecture & Planning">School of Architecture and Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand_School_of_Chemical_and_Metallurgical_Engineering" title="University of the Witwatersrand School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering">School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand_School_of_Civil_and_Environmental_Engineering" title="University of the Witwatersrand School of Civil and Environmental Engineering">School of Civil and Environmental Engineering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand#Health_Sciences" title="University of the Witwatersrand">Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand#Humanities" title="University of the Witwatersrand">Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand#Science" title="University of the Witwatersrand">Science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CIDA_City_Campus" title="CIDA City Campus">CIDA City Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIE_MSA" title="IIE MSA">IIE MSA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other tertiary<br />institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/AFDA,_The_School_for_the_Creative_Economy" title="AFDA, The School for the Creative Economy">AFDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Johannesburg_College" title="Central Johannesburg College">Central Johannesburg College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CityVarsity" title="CityVarsity">CityVarsity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damelin" title="Damelin">Damelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damelin_Correspondence_College" title="Damelin Correspondence College">Damelin Correspondence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscape_Design_College" title="Inscape Design College">Inscape Design College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_College" title="Lyceum College">Lyceum College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrand_Graduate_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Midrand Graduate Institute">Midrand Graduate Institute</a></li> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Institute_of_Business_Science" title="Gordon Institute of Business Science">Gordon Institute of Business Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMM_Graduate_School" title="IMM Graduate School">IMM Graduate School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Independent_Institute_of_Education" title="The Independent Institute of Education">Independent Institute of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milpark_Education" title="Milpark Education">Milpark Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regenesys_Business_School" title="Regenesys Business School">Regenesys Business School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Park_Theological_Seminary" title="Auckland Park Theological Seminary">Auckland Park Theological Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Theological_College_of_Southern_Africa" title="Baptist Theological College of Southern Africa">Baptist Theological College of Southern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollel_Bet_Mordechai" title="Kollel Bet Mordechai">Kollel Bet Mordechai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollel_Yad_Shaul" title="Kollel Yad Shaul">Kollel Yad Shaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubavitch_Yeshiva_Gedolah_of_Johannesburg" title="Lubavitch Yeshiva Gedolah of Johannesburg">Lubavitch Yeshiva Gedolah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Augustine_College_of_South_Africa" title="St Augustine College of South Africa">St Augustine College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Theological_Seminary" title="South African Theological Seminary">South African Theological Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivah_Gedolah_of_Johannesburg" title="Yeshivah Gedolah of Johannesburg">Yeshiva Gedolah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Alberton" title="Hoërskool Alberton">Hoërskool Alberton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Glen_High_School" title="Allen Glen High School">Allen Glen High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athlone_Boys%27_High_School" title="Athlone Boys' High School">Athlone Boys' High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnato_Park_High_School" title="Barnato Park High School">Barnato Park High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boksburg_High_School" title="Boksburg High School">Boksburg High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopasenatla_Secondary_School" title="Bopasenatla Secondary School">Bopasenatla Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryanston_High_School" title="Bryanston High School">Bryanston High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Dinamika" title="Hoërskool Dinamika">Hoërskool Dinamika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Florida" title="Hoërskool Florida">Hoërskool Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Glen_High_School" title="The Glen High School">The Glen High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germiston_High_School" title="Germiston High School">Germiston High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenside_High_School" title="Greenside High School">Greenside High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_High_School_(South_Africa)" title="Hyde Park High School (South Africa)">Hyde Park High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeppe_High_School_for_Boys" title="Jeppe High School for Boys">Jeppe High School for Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeppe_High_School_for_Girls" title="Jeppe High School for Girls">Jeppe High School for Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VII_School,_Johannesburg" title="King Edward VII School, Johannesburg">King Edward VII School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Marais_Viljoen" title="Hoërskool Marais Viljoen">Hoërskool Marais Viljoen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowlands_Secondary_School" title="Meadowlands Secondary School">Meadowlands Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moletsane_High_School" title="Moletsane High School">Moletsane High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Monument" title="Hoërskool Monument">Hoërskool Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Isaacson_High_School" title="Morris Isaacson High School">Morris Isaacson High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naledi_High_School" title="Naledi High School">Naledi High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northcliff_High_School" title="Northcliff High School">Northcliff High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchards_Primary_School" title="Orchards Primary School">Orchards Primary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parktown_Boys%27_High_School" title="Parktown Boys' High School">Parktown Boys' High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkview_Senior_Primary_School" title="Parkview Senior Primary School">Parkview Senior Primary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandown_High_School,_Johannesburg" title="Sandown High School, Johannesburg">Sandown High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandringham_High_School,_Johannesburg" title="Sandringham High School, Johannesburg">Sandringham High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Adamson_High_School" title="Sir John Adamson High School">Sir John Adamson High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springs_Boys%27_High_School" title="Springs Boys' High School">Springs Boys' High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutolore_Secondary_School" title="Thutolore Secondary School">Thutolore Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Voortrekker_(Boksburg)" title="Hoërskool Voortrekker (Boksburg)">Hoërskool Voortrekker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waverley_Girls%27_High_School" title="Waverley Girls' High School">Waverley Girls' High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westbury_Secondary_School" title="Westbury Secondary School">Westbury Secondary School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashton_International_College" title="Ashton International College">Ashton International College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Park_Academy_of_Excellence" title="Auckland Park Academy of Excellence">Auckland Park Academy of Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Private_School" title="Aurora Private School">Aurora Private School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_College_(South_Africa)" title="Charter College (South Africa)">Charter College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_College,_Lonehill" title="Crawford College, Lonehill">Crawford College, Lonehill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_College,_Sandton" class="mw-redirect" title="Crawford College, Sandton">Crawford College, Sandton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helpmekaar_Kollege" title="Helpmekaar Kollege">Helpmekaar Kollege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parktown_Convent" title="Parktown Convent">Holy Family College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japari_School" title="Japari School">Japari School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Muslim_School" title="Johannesburg Muslim School">Johannesburg Muslim School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_David_Schools,_Johannesburg" title="King David Schools, Johannesburg">King David Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsmead_College" title="Kingsmead College">Kingsmead College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenasia_Muslim_School" title="Lenasia Muslim School">Lenasia Muslim School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marist_Brothers_Linmeyer" title="Marist Brothers Linmeyer">Marist Brothers College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redhill_School_(Johannesburg)" title="Redhill School (Johannesburg)">Redhill School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ridge_School" title="The Ridge School">The Ridge School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roedean_School_(South_Africa)" title="Roedean School (South Africa)">Roedean School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_College,_Johannesburg" title="Sacred Heart College, Johannesburg">Sacred Heart College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_School_for_Girls" title="St. Andrew's School for Girls">St Andrew's School for Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Barnabas_College_(Johannesburg)" title="St Barnabas College (Johannesburg)">St Barnabas College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Benedict%27s_College,_Bedfordview" title="St Benedict's College, Bedfordview">St Benedict's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s_School,_Germiston" title="St Catherine's School, Germiston">St Catherine's School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_David%27s_Marist,_Inanda" title="St David's Marist, Inanda">St David's Marist College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Catholic_School_for_Girls,_Boksburg" title="St Dominic's Catholic School for Girls, Boksburg">St Dominic's Catholic School for Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Dunstan%27s_College_(South_Africa)" title="St. Dunstan's College (South Africa)">St Dunstan's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College_(Johannesburg)" title="St John's College (Johannesburg)">St John's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_School_(Rosettenville)" title="St. Martin's School (Rosettenville)">St Martin's School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_School,_Waverley" title="St Mary's School, Waverley">St Mary's School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_College,_Johannesburg" title="St Peter's College, Johannesburg">St Peter's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Stithians_College" title="St Stithians College">St Stithians College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_Academy_School,_Johannesburg" title="Torah Academy School, Johannesburg">Torah Academy School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_College_of_South_Africa" title="Yeshiva College of South Africa">Yeshiva College of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_Maharsha_Beis_Aharon" title="Yeshiva Maharsha Beis Aharon">Yeshiva Maharsha Beis Aharon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternative schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Leadership_Academy" title="African Leadership Academy">African Leadership Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branson_School_of_Entrepreneurship" title="Branson School of Entrepreneurship">Branson School of Entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanya_College" title="Khanya College">Khanya College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mount_Waldorf_School" title="Michael Mount Waldorf School">Michael Mount Waldorf School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_International_School_of_Johannesburg" title="American International School of Johannesburg">American International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Internationale_Schule_Johannesburg" title="Deutsche Internationale Schule Johannesburg">Deutsche Internationale Schule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_School_of_Johannesburg" title="Japanese School of Johannesburg">Japanese School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Jules_Verne_(South_Africa)" title="Lycée Jules Verne (South Africa)">Lycée Jules Verne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Services" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Services</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_City_Parks_and_Zoo" title="Johannesburg City Parks and Zoo">Johannesburg City Parks and Zoo</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Maxeke_Johannesburg_Academic_Hospital" title="Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital">Charlotte Maxeke Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hani_Baragwanath_Hospital" title="Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital">Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Joseph_Hospital" title="Helen Joseph Hospital">Helen Joseph Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leratong_Hospital" title="Leratong Hospital">Leratong Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milpark_Hospital" title="Milpark Hospital">Milpark Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Nelson Mandela Children's Hospital">Nelson Mandela Children's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pholosong_Hospital" title="Pholosong Hospital">Pholosong Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahima_Moosa_Mother_and_Child_Hospital" title="Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital">Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambo_Memorial_Hospital" title="Tambo Memorial Hospital">Tambo Memorial Hospital</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Historical" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Military_Hospital,_Baragwanath" title="Imperial Military Hospital, Baragwanath">Imperial Military Hospital, Baragwanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Hospital_(Johannesburg)" title="Queen Victoria Hospital (Johannesburg)">Queen Victoria Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Memorial_Hospital_for_Children" title="Transvaal Memorial Hospital for Children">Transvaal Memorial Hospital for Children</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water supply<br />and sanitation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Water" title="Rand Water">Rand Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho_Highlands_Water_Project" title="Lesotho Highlands Water Project">Lesotho Highlands Water Project</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaal_Dam" title="Vaal Dam">Vaal Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaal_Barrage" title="Vaal Barrage">Vaal Barrage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water towers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Water_Tower_Midrand" title="Grand Central Water Tower Midrand">Grand Central Water Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeoville_Water_Tower" title="Yeoville Water Tower">Yeoville Water Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electricity supply</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eskom" title="Eskom">Eskom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Power" title="City Power">City Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Power_Station" title="Kelvin Power Station">Kelvin Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibo_Gauteng_Thermal_Power_Station" title="Kibo Gauteng Thermal Power Station">Kibo Gauteng Thermal Power Station</a> (planned)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct_power_stations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct power stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Power_Station" title="Orlando Power Station">Orlando Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Street_Power_Station,_Johannesburg" title="President Street Power Station, Johannesburg">President Street Power Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law enforcement and<br />emergency services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Central_Police_Station" title="Johannesburg Central Police Station">Johannesburg Central Police Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Police_(South_Africa)" title="Municipal Police (South Africa)">Metro Police departments</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_of_Johannesburg_Emergency_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City of Johannesburg Emergency Services (page does not exist)">Johannesburg Emergency Services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berea_Fire_Station" title="Berea Fire Station">Berea Fire Station</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_of_Ekurhuleni_Disaster_and_Emergency_Management_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City of Ekurhuleni Disaster and Emergency Management Services (page does not exist)">Ekurhuleni Disaster & Emergency Management Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charities and NGOs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActionAid" title="ActionAid">ActionAid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africa%27s_Young_Entrepreneurs" title="Africa's Young Entrepreneurs">Africa's Young Entrepreneurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Parks" title="African Parks">African Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigshoes_Foundation" title="Bigshoes Foundation">Bigshoes Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Sizanani" title="Camp Sizanani">Camp Sizanani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Fire_International" title="Children of Fire International">Children of Fire International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Water_Foundation" title="Global Water Foundation">Global Water Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LoveLife_South_Africa" title="LoveLife South Africa">LoveLife South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Children%27s_Fund" title="Nelson Mandela Children's Fund">Nelson Mandela Children's Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Never_Ending_Gardens" title="Never Ending Gardens">Never Ending Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkosi%27s_Haven" title="Nkosi's Haven">Nkosi's Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POLAF" title="POLAF">POLAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_Against_Rape" title="Woman Against Rape">Woman Against Rape</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Military_units_and_formations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Military units and formations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Army" title="South African Army">Army</a> units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/46_South_African_Brigade" title="46 South African Brigade">46 South African Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_South_African_Infantry_Battalion" title="21 South African Infantry Battalion">21 South African Infantry Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35_Engineer_Support_Regiment" title="35 Engineer Support Regiment">35 Engineer Support Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhukhune_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment" title="Sekhukhune Anti-Aircraft Regiment">Sekhukhune Anti-Aircraft Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reserve</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mlangeni_Regiment" title="Andrew Mlangeni Regiment">Andrew Mlangeni Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambatha_Rifles" title="Bambatha Rifles">Bambatha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Light_Horse_Regiment" title="Johannesburg Light Horse Regiment">Johannesburg Light Horse Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Regiment" title="Johannesburg Regiment">Johannesburg Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenong_Regiment" title="Lenong Regiment">Lenong Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OR_Tambo_Regiment" title="OR Tambo Regiment">OR Tambo Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Light_Infantry" title="Rand Light Infantry">Rand Light Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandfontein_Artillery_Regiment" title="Sandfontein Artillery Regiment">Sandfontein Artillery Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Mahlangu_Regiment" title="Solomon Mahlangu Regiment">Solomon Mahlangu Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWombe_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment" title="IWombe Anti-Aircraft Regiment">iWombe Anti-Aircraft Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Military_Health_Service" title="South African Military Health Service">SAMHS</a> units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_Medical_Battalion_Group" title="6 Medical Battalion Group">6 Medical Battalion Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disbanded units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Army" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Command" title="Witwatersrand Command">Witwatersrand Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SA_Army_Troop_Information_Unit" title="SA Army Troop Information Unit">SA Army Troop Information Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Locating_Regiment" title="2 Locating Regiment">2 Locating Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Armoured_Personnel_Carrier_Squadron" title="3rd Armoured Personnel Carrier Squadron">3 Armoured Personnel Carrier Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_South_African_Infantry_Division" title="7 South African Infantry Division">7 South African Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_Reception_Depot" title="15 Reception Depot">15 Reception Depot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72_Motorised_Brigade_(South_Africa)" title="72 Motorised Brigade (South Africa)">72 Motorised Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/73_Motorised_Brigade_(South_Africa)" title="73 Motorised Brigade (South Africa)">73 Motorised Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regiment_University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="Regiment University of the Witwatersrand">Regiment University of the Witwatersrand</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commando_System_(South_Africa)" title="Commando System (South Africa)">Commandos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberton_Commando" title="Alberton Commando">Alberton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Commando" title="Atlas Commando">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benoni_Commando" title="Benoni Commando">Benoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boksburg_Commando" title="Boksburg Commando">Boksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakpan_Commando" title="Brakpan Commando">Brakpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edenvale_Commando" title="Edenvale Commando">Edenvale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Park_Commando" title="East Park Commando">East Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germiston_Commando" title="Germiston Commando">Germiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_East_Commando" title="Johannesburg East Commando">Johannesburg East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_West_Commando" title="Johannesburg West Commando">Johannesburg West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempton_Park_Commando" title="Kempton Park Commando">Kempton Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krugersdorp_Commando" title="Krugersdorp Commando">Krugersdorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modderfontein_Commando" title="Modderfontein Commando">Modderfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Commando" title="Nigel Commando">Nigel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randburg_Commando" title="Randburg Commando">Randburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roodepoort_Commando" title="Roodepoort Commando">Roodepoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandton_Commando" title="Sandton Commando">Sandton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springs_Commando" title="Springs Commando">Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wemmerpan_Commando" title="Wemmerpan Commando">Wemmerpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Park_Commando" title="West Park Commando">West Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Rand_Commando" title="West Rand Commando">West Rand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Special_Forces" title="South African Special Forces">Special Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Group" title="Hunter Group">Hunter Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Air_Force" title="South African Air Force">SAAF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4_Squadron_SAAF" title="4 Squadron SAAF">4 Squadron SAAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Squadron_SAAF" title="10 Squadron SAAF">10 Squadron SAAF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Greater_Johannesburg" title="Category:Greater Johannesburg">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Johannesburg" title="Category:Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template talk:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">World's 50 <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">most-populous urban areas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Tokyo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_metropolitan_area" title="Jakarta metropolitan area">Jakarta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)" title="National Capital Region (India)">Delhi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>–<a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Capital_Area" title="Seoul Capital Area">Seoul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cairo" title="Greater Cairo">Cairo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City" title="Greater Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="11"><li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolkata metropolitan area">Kolkata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Dhaka" title="Greater Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Region" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Region">Bangkok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_metropolitan_area" title="Moscow metropolitan area">Moscow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Buenos_Aires" title="Greater Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="21"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johannesburg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bangalore" title="Greater Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="31"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tehran" title="Greater Tehran">Tehran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Greater Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_metropolitan_area" title="Chennai metropolitan area">Chennai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_metropolitan_area" title="Paris metropolitan area">Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="41"><li><a href="/wiki/Lima_metropolitan_area" title="Lima metropolitan area">Lima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Metropolitan Area of Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Metropolitan_Region" title="Hyderabad Metropolitan Region">Hyderabad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taipei%E2%80%93Keelung_metropolitan_area" title="Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area">Taipei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_metropolitan_area" title="Chūkyō metropolitan area">Nagoya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_metropolitan_area" title="Surabaya metropolitan area">Surabaya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_metropolitan_area" title="Bandung metropolitan area">Bandung</a></li></ol></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34647#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34647#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34647#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130803377">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1206332/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbRqkPJhjWVkwVmWRmrv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4028698-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79104288">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11947620n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11947620n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Johannesburg (Jihoafrická republika)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge307473&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5137134">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550328005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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