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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Imperial era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Climate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Climate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Time_Service_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Time_Service_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>National Time Service Center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Time_Service_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Metro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture and religion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_religion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and religion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Resident_artists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resident_artists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Resident artists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resident_artists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xi'an_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xi'an_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Xi'an cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xi'an_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qinqiang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qinqiang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Qinqiang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qinqiang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chinese_traditional_religion_and_Taoism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_traditional_religion_and_Taoism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Chinese traditional religion and Taoism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_traditional_religion_and_Taoism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Software_and_technological_industries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software_and_technological_industries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Software and technological industries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software_and_technological_industries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aerospace_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aerospace_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Aerospace industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aerospace_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education and research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Television_and_radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_and_radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Television and radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_and_radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Xi'an</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 114 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-114" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">114 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%E2%80%99an" title="Xi’an – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Xi’an" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="شيان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شيان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Սիան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սիան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sian" title="Sian – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sian" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8" title="শিআন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শিআন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-an-chh%C4%AB" title="Se-an-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Se-an-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Сиань – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сиань" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Сіянь – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сіянь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Сіянь – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сіянь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сиан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сиан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཤེ་ཨན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཤེ་ཨན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Сиань – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Сиань" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Xi'an (kapital sa lalawigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Xi'an (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si-an" title="Si-an – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Si-an" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%E2%80%99an" title="Xi’an – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Xi’an" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an_Shi" title="Xi'an Shi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Xi'an Shi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Σιάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σιάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cjiano" title="Ŝjiano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝjiano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D9%86" title="شی‌آن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شی‌آن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89" title="西安 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="西安" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AE-%C3%B4n-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Sî-ôn-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sî-ôn-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%88%EC%8B%9C" title="시안시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시안시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Սիան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սիան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8" title="शिआन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शिआन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Сиань – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сиань" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xian" title="Xian – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Xian" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F" title="שיאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שיאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Сиань – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сиань" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siganum" title="Siganum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Siganum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjia%C5%86a" title="Sjiaņa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sjiaņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xian" title="Xian – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Xian" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sianas" title="Sianas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sianas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hszian" title="Hszian – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hszian" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сиан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сиан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="സിയാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിയാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8" title="शीआन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शीआन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სიანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სიანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%86" title="شی‌ئان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شی‌ئان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%83%CC%A4-%C4%83ng" title="Să̤-ăng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Să̤-ăng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Шиань – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шиань" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ရှီးအန်းမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရှီးအန်းမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%82" title="西安市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="西安市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Сиань – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сиань" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%E2%80%99an" title="Xi’an – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Xi’an" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xian" title="Xian – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Xian" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sian" title="Sian – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sian" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸ਼ੀਆਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ੀਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سیان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سیان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="شيان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شيان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%E2%80%99an" title="Xi’an – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Xi’an" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xian" title="Xian – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xian" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Сиань – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сиань" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Сиань – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сиань" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si-an-se" title="Si-an-se – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Si-an-se" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sian" title="Sian – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sian" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زیان – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="زیان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si-an" title="Si-an – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Si-an" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0jan" title="Šjan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šjan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%E2%80%99an" title="Xi’an – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Xi’an" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сијан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сијан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%E2%80%99an" title="Xi’an – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Xi’an" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சிய்யான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிய்யான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ซีอาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซีอาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eian" title="Şian – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şian" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Сіань – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сіань" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="شیان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شیان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%89%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="شىئەن شەھىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شىئەن شەھىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sih%27anh" title="Sih'anh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sih'anh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sian%27" title="Sian' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Sian'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2y_An" title="Tây An – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tây An" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%82" title="西安市 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="西安市" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Xi'an" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89" title="西安 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="西安" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89" title="西安 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西安" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%82" title="西安市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西安市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Xi%27an&params=34_15_40_N_108_56_32_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-61_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°15′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">108°56′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.26111°N 108.94222°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.26111; 108.94222</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of Shaanxi, China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Xian" redirects here. For immortal beings in Chinese mythology, see <a href="/wiki/Xian_(Taoism)" title="Xian (Taoism)">Xian (Taoism)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Xian_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Xian (disambiguation)">Xian (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sub-provincial and prefecture-level city in Shaanxi, China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Xi'an</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="zh">西安市</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Sian, Hsi-an</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_municipalities" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:173px;max-width:173px"><div style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:51216-Xian_(27961738311).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/51216-Xian_%2827961738311%29.jpg/171px-51216-Xian_%2827961738311%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="171" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/51216-Xian_%2827961738311%29.jpg/257px-51216-Xian_%2827961738311%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/51216-Xian_%2827961738311%29.jpg/342px-51216-Xian_%2827961738311%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1987" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Giant_Wild_Goose_Pagoda" title="Giant Wild Goose Pagoda">Giant Wild Goose Pagoda</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:115px;max-width:115px"><div style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xi%27an,_Drum_Tower_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Xi%27an%2C_Drum_Tower_-_panoramio.jpg/113px-Xi%27an%2C_Drum_Tower_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Xi%27an%2C_Drum_Tower_-_panoramio.jpg/170px-Xi%27an%2C_Drum_Tower_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Xi%27an%2C_Drum_Tower_-_panoramio.jpg/226px-Xi%27an%2C_Drum_Tower_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2286" data-file-height="2287" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Drum_Tower_of_Xi%27an" title="Drum Tower of Xi'an">Drum Tower</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bell_tower_of_xi%27an_of_2023_new_year_eve.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bell_tower_of_xi%27an_of_2023_new_year_eve.jpg/134px-Bell_tower_of_xi%27an_of_2023_new_year_eve.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bell_tower_of_xi%27an_of_2023_new_year_eve.jpg/201px-Bell_tower_of_xi%27an_of_2023_new_year_eve.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bell_tower_of_xi%27an_of_2023_new_year_eve.jpg/268px-Bell_tower_of_xi%27an_of_2023_new_year_eve.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Bell_Tower_of_Xi%27an" title="Bell Tower of Xi'an">Bell Tower</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xi%27an_Nanda_Jie.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Xi%27an_Nanda_Jie.JPG/150px-Xi%27an_Nanda_Jie.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Xi%27an_Nanda_Jie.JPG/225px-Xi%27an_Nanda_Jie.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Xi%27an_Nanda_Jie.JPG/300px-Xi%27an_Nanda_Jie.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3936" data-file-height="2624" /></a></span></div><div>Nandajie</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%B4%AB%E4%BA%91%E9%98%81%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%9A_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/%E7%B4%AB%E4%BA%91%E9%98%81%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%9A_-_panoramio.jpg/142px-%E7%B4%AB%E4%BA%91%E9%98%81%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%9A_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/%E7%B4%AB%E4%BA%91%E9%98%81%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%9A_-_panoramio.jpg/213px-%E7%B4%AB%E4%BA%91%E9%98%81%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%9A_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/%E7%B4%AB%E4%BA%91%E9%98%81%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%9A_-_panoramio.jpg/284px-%E7%B4%AB%E4%BA%91%E9%98%81%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%9A_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Tang_Paradise" title="Tang Paradise">Tang Paradise</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%96%B0%E5%9F%8E_%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%91%E5%B3%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%A6%E4%B8%8A%E5%90%91%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9B%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9F%8E_15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/%E6%96%B0%E5%9F%8E_%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%91%E5%B3%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%A6%E4%B8%8A%E5%90%91%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9B%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9F%8E_15.jpg/142px-%E6%96%B0%E5%9F%8E_%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%91%E5%B3%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%A6%E4%B8%8A%E5%90%91%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9B%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9F%8E_15.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/%E6%96%B0%E5%9F%8E_%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%91%E5%B3%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%A6%E4%B8%8A%E5%90%91%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9B%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9F%8E_15.jpg/213px-%E6%96%B0%E5%9F%8E_%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%91%E5%B3%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%A6%E4%B8%8A%E5%90%91%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9B%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9F%8E_15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/%E6%96%B0%E5%9F%8E_%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%91%E5%B3%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%A6%E4%B8%8A%E5%90%91%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9B%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9F%8E_15.jpg/284px-%E6%96%B0%E5%9F%8E_%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%91%E5%B3%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%A6%E4%B8%8A%E5%90%91%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9B%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9F%8E_15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_City_Wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi'an City Wall">Xi'an City Wall</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="7" data-overlays="["_a1c728e1d04bc74496ac2d12c929cc9594c655b5"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,a,a,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Xi%27an&revid=1262791166&groups=_a1c728e1d04bc74496ac2d12c929cc9594c655b5" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,a,a,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Xi%27an&revid=1262791166&groups=_a1c728e1d04bc74496ac2d12c929cc9594c655b5 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_of_Xi%27an,_Shaanxi.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Xi'an municipality within Shaanxi"><img alt="Xi'an municipality within Shaanxi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Location_map_of_Xi%27an%2C_Shaanxi.png/250px-Location_map_of_Xi%27an%2C_Shaanxi.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="422" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Location_map_of_Xi%27an%2C_Shaanxi.png/375px-Location_map_of_Xi%27an%2C_Shaanxi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Location_map_of_Xi%27an%2C_Shaanxi.png/500px-Location_map_of_Xi%27an%2C_Shaanxi.png 2x" data-file-width="1101" data-file-height="1859" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Xi'an municipality within Shaanxi</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Xi'an is located in China"><img alt="Xi'an is located in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="408" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.066%;left:58.283%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Xi'an"><img alt="Xi'an" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Xi'an</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in China</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates (Shaanxi provincial government): <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Xi%27an&params=34_15_40_N_108_56_32_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-61_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°15′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">108°56′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.26111°N 108.94222°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.26111; 108.94222</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">China</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Weiyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Weiyang District">Weiyang District</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">Sub-provincial city</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an_Municipal_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xi'an Municipal People's Congress (page does not exist)">Xi'an Municipal People's Congress</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">CCP Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Hao_(politician)" title="Wang Hao (politician)">Wang Hao</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an_Municipal_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xi'an Municipal People's Congress (page does not exist)">Congress</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Hu Runze</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Li Mingyuan</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/CPPCC" class="mw-redirect" title="CPPCC">CPPCC</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Yue Huafeng</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_municipalities" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,762 km<sup>2</sup> (4,155 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,808.6 km<sup>2</sup> (2,242.7 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,903.9 km<sup>2</sup> (1,893.4 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">405 m (1,329 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020 census)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_municipalities" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">12,952,907</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,200/km<sup>2</sup> (3,100/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">11,904,805</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,000/km<sup>2</sup> (5,300/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">12,283,922</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,500/km<sup>2</sup> (6,500/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_municipalities" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level city</a></th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥1.201 trillion <span class="nowrap">(US$154.2 billion)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥98,205 <span class="nowrap">(US$15,108)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_China" title="Time in China">CST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_postal_codes_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of postal codes in China">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><b>710</b>000–<b>710</b>090</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">29</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CN" title="ISO 3166-2:CN">CN-SN-01</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_China" title="Vehicle registration plates of China">License plate</a> prefixes</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">陕A、陕U</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City Flower</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate</a> flower</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City Tree</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pagoda_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagoda tree">Pagoda tree</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xa.gov.cn/">XA.gov.cn</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:西安">西安</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sianfu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">Western peace</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Xī'ān</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo" style="font-style: normal;"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄒㄧ<span style="padding-left:0.5ic;"> </span>ㄢ</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Hsi<sup>1</sup>-an<sup>1</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Si-an</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Syīān</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ɕí.án]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a2\/Zh-Xi%27an.ogg\/Zh-Xi%27an.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-Xi'an.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/Zh-Xi%27an.ogg/Zh-Xi%27an.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-Xi%27an.ogg" title="File:Zh-Xi'an.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">[Si<sup>平</sup>oe<sup>平</sup>] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 8) (<a href="/wiki/Category:Transliteration_template_errors" title="Category:Transliteration template errors">help</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Sāi-ōn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Sai1-on1</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[sɐj˥.ɔn˥]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Se-an</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Alternative Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">长安</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:長安">長安</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">Perpetual peace</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Cháng'ān</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo" style="font-style: normal;"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄔㄤˊ<span style="padding-left:0.5ic;"> </span>ㄢ</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Chʻang<sup>2</sup>-an<sup>1</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Cháng-an</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʈʂʰǎŋ.án]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/9e\/Zh-Changan.ogg\/Zh-Changan.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-Changan.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Zh-Changan.ogg/Zh-Changan.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-Changan.ogg" title="File:Zh-Changan.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Chèuhng-ōn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Coeng4-on1</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[tsʰœŋ˩.ɔn]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Tn̂g-an</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Late Middle Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ltc-Latn">ɖjang-an</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Xi'an</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_China" title="List of capitals in China">capital</a> of the Chinese province of <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">sub-provincial city</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Guanzhong" title="Guanzhong">Guanzhong</a> plain,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the city is the third-most populous city in <a href="/wiki/Western_China" title="Western China">Western China</a> after <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, as well as the most populous city in <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_China" title="Northwestern China">Northwestern China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its total population was 12.95 million as of the 2020 census, including an urban population of 9.28 million.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Known as <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> throughout much of its history, Xi'an is one of China's <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Four Great Ancient Capitals</a>, having held the position under several of the most important <a href="/wiki/Dynasties_in_Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasties in Chinese history">dynasties in Chinese history</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-encarta_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encarta-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the <a href="/wiki/Western_Zhou" title="Western Zhou">Western Zhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Han">Western Han</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Zhou" title="Northern Zhou">Northern Zhou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-encarta_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encarta-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xi'an is now the second-most popular tourist destination in China.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was one of the terminal points on the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a> during the ancient and medieval eras, as well as the home of the 3rd-century BC <a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Terracotta Army</a> commissioned by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang">Qin Shi Huang</a>—both of which are listed as <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-br_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-br-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the 1980s, as part of the <a href="/wiki/China_Western_Development" title="China Western Development">economic growth of inland China</a> especially for the central and northwest regions, Xi'an has matured into a cultural, industrial, political and educational, and <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> hub. Xi'an currently holds <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China">sub-provincial</a> status, administering 11 districts and 2 counties.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, Xi'an was ranked as a Beta- (global second tier) city by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, according to the country's own ranking, ranked 17th;<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is also one of the world's top 100 financial centers according to the <a href="/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" title="Global Financial Centres Index">Global Financial Centres Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xi'an is ranked by the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a> as one the top 20 cities globally by scientific research output,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is home to multiple <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shaanxi" title="List of universities and colleges in Shaanxi">prestigious educational institutions</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Jiaotong_University" title="Xi'an Jiaotong University">Xi'an Jiaotong University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Polytechnical_University" title="Northwestern Polytechnical University">Northwestern Polytechnical University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xidian_University" title="Xidian University">Xidian University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northwest_University_(China)" title="Northwest University (China)">Northwest University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Toponymy"></span><span class="anchor" id="Etymology"></span><span class="anchor" id="Names"></span> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Xi'an" is the <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese_phonology" title="Standard Chinese phonology">atonal</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a> <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese" title="Romanization of Chinese">romanization</a> of its Chinese name <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:西安">西安</a></span>, <i>Western Peace</i>. (The apostrophe – known in Chinese as a <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9A%94%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F#Traditional_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:隔音符號">隔音符號</a></span>, <i>géyīn fúhào</i> – should be included to distinguish its pronunciation from the single syllable <i>xian</i>.) The name was adopted in 1369 under the early <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jesuit_China_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit China missions">Jesuit missionaries</a> recorded its name as <span class="nowrap">"<b>Si-ngan</b>"</span> or <b>"Si-ngan-fou"</b><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from its status as the seat of a <a href="/wiki/Fu_(administrative_division)" title="Fu (administrative division)">prefecture</a> (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BA%9C#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:府">府</a></span>,<span class="nowrap"> </span><i>fǔ</i>). This form still appears in the Latin name of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Xi%27an" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Xi'an">Catholic diocese of Xi'an</a>, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">archidioecesis Singanensis</i></span>. The name was later romanized as <span class="nowrap">"<b>Hsi-an</b>"</span> by <a href="/wiki/Wade-Giles" class="mw-redirect" title="Wade-Giles">Wade & Giles</a> and as "<b>Sianfu</b>"<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "<b>Sian</b>"<sup id="cite_ref-br_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-br-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">imperial post office</a>, both of which were common until the promulgation of pinyin. </p><p>The area of present-day Xi'an has been the site of several important former Chinese cities. The capital of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Zhou_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Zhou dynasty">Western Zhou</a> were the <a href="/wiki/Twin_cities" title="Twin cities">twin cities</a> of <b><a href="/wiki/Fengjing_(Zhou)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fengjing (Zhou)">Feng</a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Haojing" title="Haojing">Hao</a></b>, known collectively as <b><a href="/wiki/Fenghao" title="Fenghao">Fenghao</a></b>, located on opposite banks of the Feng River at its confluence with the southern bank of the <a href="/wiki/Wei_River" title="Wei River">Wei</a> in the western suburbs of present-day Xi'an.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/State_of_Qin" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Qin">Qin</a> capital <a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a> was erected north of the Wei during the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a> and was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Western_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Han">Western Han</a> capital of <b><a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a></b> (<span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%89#Traditional_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:長安">長安</a></span>), meaning "Perpetual Peace", which was located south of the Wei and covered the central area of present-day Xi'an. During the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Han">Eastern Han</a>, Chang'an was also known as the "Western Capital" (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:西">西</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:京">京</a></span>), named for its namesake position relative to the main capital at <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>. Under the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui</a>, its name became <b>Daxing</b> (<span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7#Traditional_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%88%88#Traditional_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:興">興</a></span>, "Greatly Prosperous") in AD 581. Under the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a>, the name reverted to Chang'an in 618.<sup id="cite_ref-br_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-br-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongolian</a> <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> (13th & 14th centuries), it held a succession of names: <b>Fengyuan</b> <span class="nowrap">(<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A5%89#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:奉">奉</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%83#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:元">元</a></span>),</span> <b>Anxi</b> <span class="nowrap">(<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%A5%BF#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:安西">安西</a></span>,</span> "Peaceful West") and <b><a href="/wiki/Jingzhao" title="Jingzhao">Jingzhao</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:京">京</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%86#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:兆">兆</a></span>).</span> The Ming name "Xi'an" was changed back to Xijing ("Western Capital", as above) between 1930 and 1943. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Xi%27an" title="History of Xi'an">History of Xi'an</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lantian_Man" title="Lantian Man">Lantian Man</a> was discovered in 1963 in <a href="/wiki/Lantian_County" title="Lantian County">Lantian County</a>, 50 km (31 mi) southeast of Xi'an, and dates back to at least 500,000 years before the present time. A 6,500-year-old <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> village, <a href="/wiki/Banpo" title="Banpo">Banpo</a>, was discovered in 1953 on the eastern outskirts of the city proper, which contains the remains of several well organized <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> settlements <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">carbon dated</a> to 5,600–6,700 <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">years ago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site is now home to the <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Banpo_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi'an Banpo Museum">Xi'an Banpo Museum</a>, built in 1957 to preserve the archaeological collection.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_era">Ancient era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ancient era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Zhou_dynasty_Carriages_pit2_Xi%27an.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Western_Zhou_dynasty_Carriages_pit2_Xi%27an.JPG/200px-Western_Zhou_dynasty_Carriages_pit2_Xi%27an.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Western_Zhou_dynasty_Carriages_pit2_Xi%27an.JPG/300px-Western_Zhou_dynasty_Carriages_pit2_Xi%27an.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Western_Zhou_dynasty_Carriages_pit2_Xi%27an.JPG/400px-Western_Zhou_dynasty_Carriages_pit2_Xi%27an.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2688" data-file-height="1792" /></a><figcaption>Remains of carriages and horses in <a href="/wiki/Fenghao" title="Fenghao">Fenghao</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Western_Zhou" title="Western Zhou">Western Zhou</a> (11th–8th cent.<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC)</figcaption></figure> <p>Xi'an became a cultural and political center of China in the 11th century BC with the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a>. The capital of Zhou was established in the twin settlements of Fengjing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">灃京</span></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Haojing" title="Haojing">Haojing</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">鎬京</span></span>), together known as <a href="/wiki/Fenghao" title="Fenghao">Fenghao</a>, located southwest of contemporary Xi'an. The settlement was also known as Zōngzhōu (宗周) to indicate its role as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_states" title="Ancient Chinese states">vassal states</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 738 BC, <a href="/wiki/King_Ping_of_Zhou" title="King Ping of Zhou">King Ping of Zhou</a> moved the capital to <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> due to <a href="/wiki/King_Xie_of_Zhou" title="King Xie of Zhou">political unrest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_era">Imperial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Imperial era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:History_of_Xi%27an.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/History_of_Xi%27an.jpg/200px-History_of_Xi%27an.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/History_of_Xi%27an.jpg/300px-History_of_Xi%27an.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/History_of_Xi%27an.jpg/400px-History_of_Xi%27an.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="685" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A map of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_city_walls" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese city walls">city walls</a> of settlements in Xi'an from the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a> to <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese dynasties">dynasties</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xian_guerreros_terracota_general.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Xian_guerreros_terracota_general.JPG/200px-Xian_guerreros_terracota_general.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Xian_guerreros_terracota_general.JPG/300px-Xian_guerreros_terracota_general.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Xian_guerreros_terracota_general.JPG/400px-Xian_guerreros_terracota_general.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Terracotta Army</a> inside the <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang">Qin Shi Huang</a> Mausoleum, third century BC</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Chang%27an_in_Tang_Dynasty.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Map_of_Chang%27an_in_Tang_Dynasty.svg/200px-Map_of_Chang%27an_in_Tang_Dynasty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Map_of_Chang%27an_in_Tang_Dynasty.svg/300px-Map_of_Chang%27an_in_Tang_Dynasty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Map_of_Chang%27an_in_Tang_Dynasty.svg/400px-Map_of_Chang%27an_in_Tang_Dynasty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3483" data-file-height="2580" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Map of <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a> (7th–10th<span class="nowrap"> </span>cent.)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a>, China was unified under the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a> (221–206 BC) for the first time, with the capital located at <a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a>, just northwest of modern Xi'an.<sup id="cite_ref-diming_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diming-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first emperor of China, <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang">Qin Shi Huang</a> ordered the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Terracotta Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_the_First_Qin_Emperor" title="Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor">his mausoleum</a> just to the east of Xi'an almost immediately after his ascension to the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 202 BC, the founding emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozu_of_Han" title="Emperor Gaozu of Han">Liu Bang</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> established his capital in Chang'an County; his first palace, Changle Palace (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">長樂宮</span></span>, "Perpetual Happiness") was built across the river from the ruin of the Qin capital. This is traditionally regarded as the founding date of Chang'an. Two years later, Liu Bang built <a href="/wiki/Weiyang_Palace" title="Weiyang Palace">Weiyang Palace</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">未央宮</span></span>, "Never Ending Palace") north of modern Xi'an. Weiyang Palace was the largest palace ever built on Earth, covering 4.8 square kilometers (1,200 acres), which is 6.7 times the size of the current <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</a> and 11 times the size of the Vatican City.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original Xi'an city wall was started in 194 BC and took 4 years to finish. Upon completion, the wall measured 25.7 km (15.97 mi) in length and 12 to 16 m (39.37–52.49 ft) in thickness at the base, enclosing an area of 36 km<sup>2</sup> (13.90 sq mi). In the year 190, amidst uprisings and rebellions just prior to the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period, <a href="/wiki/Dong_Zhuo" title="Dong Zhuo">Dong Zhuo</a>, a powerful warlord from nearby Xiliang, moved the court from <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> to Chang'an in a bid to avoid a coalition of other powerful warlords against him. </p><p>In 582, shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a> was founded, the emperor of Sui ordered a new capital to be built southeast of the Han capital, called Daxing (大興, "Great prosperity"). It consisted of three sections: the Imperial City, the palace section, and the civilian section, with a total area of 84 km<sup>2</sup> (32 sq mi) within the city walls. At the time, it was the largest city in the world. The city was renamed Chang'an by the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid-7th century, after returning from his pilgrimage to India, the <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> monk <a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a> established a translation school for <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> scriptures. </p><p>Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Giant_Wild_Goose_Pagoda" title="Giant Wild Goose Pagoda">Giant Wild Goose Pagoda</a> began in 652. This <a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">pagoda</a> was 64 m (209.97 ft) in height, and was built to store the translations of Buddhist sutras obtained from India by <a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a>. In 707, construction of the <a href="/wiki/Small_Wild_Goose_Pagoda" title="Small Wild Goose Pagoda">Small Wild Goose Pagoda</a> began. This pagoda measured 45 m (147.64 ft) tall at the time of completion, and was built to store the translations of Buddhist sutras by <a href="/wiki/Yijing_(monk)" title="Yijing (monk)">Yijing</a>. The massive <a href="/wiki/1556_Shaanxi_earthquake" title="1556 Shaanxi earthquake">1556 Shaanxi earthquake</a> eventually damaged the tower and reduced its height to 43.4 m (142.39 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-kiang_12_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kiang_12-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Nestorian_Stele" class="mw-redirect" title="Nestorian Stele">Nestorian Stele</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Stele" title="Stele">stele</a> erected in 781 that documents 150 years of early <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_China" title="Christianity in China">Christianity in China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hill-108_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hill-108-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a 279 cm tall <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> block with text in both <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> describing the existence of Christian communities in several cities in northern China. It reveals that the initial <a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorian Christian</a> church had met recognition by the Tang <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Taizong of Tang">Emperor Taizong</a>, due to efforts of the Christian missionary <a href="/wiki/Alopen" title="Alopen">Alopen</a> in 635.<sup id="cite_ref-lhc_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lhc-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chang'an was devastated at the end of the Tang dynasty in 904. Residents were forced to move to the new capital city in <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>, and a small area in the city continued to be occupied thereafter. </p><p>In the era of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, Xi'an was an important <a href="/wiki/Cultural_center" title="Cultural center">cultural center</a> of scholarship and innovation on matters such as <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiography</a>, religion,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> in China. The <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty#Northern_Song,_960–1127" title="Song dynasty">Northern Song</a> era saw its people, <a href="/wiki/Political_culture" title="Political culture">political culture</a>, and strategic location be directly utilized by the Song dynasty proper<sup id="cite_ref-:4_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its continued relevance to <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a> travelers into China and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Muslim">Chinese Muslim</a> residents.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, a new wall was constructed in 1370 which remains intact to this day. The wall measures 11.9 km (7.4 mi) in <a href="/wiki/Circumference" title="Circumference">circumference</a>, 12 m (39.37 ft) in height, and 15 to 18 m (49.21–59.06 ft) in thickness at the base; a moat was also built outside the walls. The new wall and moat would protect a much smaller city of 12 km<sup>2</sup> (4.6 sq mi). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89_%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E4%B8%9C%E9%97%A8_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89_%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E4%B8%9C%E9%97%A8_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89_%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E4%B8%9C%E9%97%A8_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89_%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E4%B8%9C%E9%97%A8_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89_%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E4%B8%9C%E9%97%A8_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89_%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E4%B8%9C%E9%97%A8_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89_%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E4%B8%9C%E9%97%A8_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4228" data-file-height="2670" /></a><figcaption>East Gate of Xi'an</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:51514-Xian-Pano_(27759087230).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/51514-Xian-Pano_%2827759087230%29.jpg/220px-51514-Xian-Pano_%2827759087230%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/51514-Xian-Pano_%2827759087230%29.jpg/330px-51514-Xian-Pano_%2827759087230%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/51514-Xian-Pano_%2827759087230%29.jpg/440px-51514-Xian-Pano_%2827759087230%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1411" /></a><figcaption>A panorama of modern Xi'an.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Qing dynasty established a walled off Manchu banner quarter in northeast Xi'an, on the site of the former palace of the Ming Prince of Qin. A Han banner quarter was established in the southeast of the city. </p><p>Manchu bannermen from the Xi'an banner garrison were praised for maintaining Manchu culture by Kangxi in 1703.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xi'an garrison Manchus were said to retain Manchu culture far better than all other Manchus at martial skills in the provincial garrisons and they were able to draw their bows properly and perform cavalry archery, unlike Beijing Manchus. The Qianlong emperor received a memorial staying Xi'an Manchu bannermen still had martial skills, although not up to those, in the past in a 1737 memorial from Cimbu.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1780s, the military skills of Xi'an Manchu bannermen dropped enormously, and they had been regarded as the most militarily skilled provincial Manchu banner garrison.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manchu women from the Xi'an garrison often left the walled Manchu garrison and went to <a href="/wiki/Huaqing_Pool" title="Huaqing Pool">hot springs</a> outside the city, and gained bad reputations for their sexual lives. A Manchu from Beijing, Sumurji, was shocked and disgusted by this after being appointed Lieutenant general of the Manchu garrison of Xi'an and informed the Yongzheng emperor what they were doing.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han civilians and Manchu bannermen in Xi'an had bad relations, with the bannermen trying to steal at the markets. Manchu Lieutenant general Cimbru reported this to Yongzheng emperor in 1729, after he was assigned there. Governor Yue Rui of Shandong was then ordered by the Yongzheng to report any bannerman misbehaving and warned him not to cover it up in 1730, after Manchu bannermen were put in a quarter in Qingzhou.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manchu bannermen from the garrisons in Xi'an and Jingzhou fought in Xinjiang in the 1770s and Manchus from Xi'an garrison fought in other campaigns against the Dzungars and Uyghurs throughout the 1690s and 18th century. In the 1720s Jingzhou, Hangzhou, and Nanjing Manchu banner garrisons fought in Tibet.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the over 200 years they lived next to each other, Han civilians and Manchu bannermen of both genders in Xi'an did not intermarry with each other at all. The Qing dynasty altered its law on intermarriage between Han civilians and Manchu bannermen several times in the dynasty. At the beginning of the Qing dynasty, the Qing allowed Han civilians to marry Manchu women. Then the Qing banned civilians from marrying women from the Eight banners later. In 1865, the Qing allowed Han civilian men to marry Manchu bannerwomen in all garrisons, except the capital garrison of Beijing. There was no formal law on marriage between people in the different banners, like the Manchu and Han banners, but it was informally regulated by social status and custom. In northeastern China, such as Heilongjiang and Liaoning, it was more common for Manchu women to marry Han men, since they were not subjected to the same laws and institutional oversight as Manchus and Han in Beijing and elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1911, during the <a href="/wiki/Xinhai_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhai revolution">Xinhai revolution</a>, revolutionaries stormed the Manchu fort in Xi'an. Most of the city's 20,000 Manchus were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Ernest_Frank_Borst-Smith_1912_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ernest_Frank_Borst-Smith_1912-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hui (Muslims; then referred to as "Mohammedans") were divided in its support for the revolution. Those of Shaanxi supported the revolutionaries, while those of Gansu supported the Qing. The Hui of Xi'an (Shaanxi province) joined the Han Chinese revolutionaries in slaughtering the Manchus.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some wealthy Manchus survived by being <a href="/wiki/Ransom" title="Ransom">ransomed</a>. Wealthy Han Chinese enslaved Manchu girls<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and poor Han Chinese troops seized young Manchu women as wives.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hui Muslims also seized young pretty Manchu girls and raised them as Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A British missionary who witnessed the massacre commented that "Old and young, men and women, children alike, were all butchered... Houses were plundered and then burnt; those who would fain have laid hidden till the storm was past, were forced to come out into the open. The revolutionaries, protected by a parapet of the wall, poured a heavy, unceasing, relentless fire into the doomed Tartar (Manchu) city, those who tried to escape thence into the Chinese city were cut down as they emerged from the gates."<sup id="cite_ref-Ernest_Frank_Borst-Smith_1912_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ernest_Frank_Borst-Smith_1912-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1936, the <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Incident" title="Xi'an Incident">Xi'an (then "Sian") Incident</a> took place in the city during the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>. The incident helped to bring the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> (KMT) and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Second_United_Front" title="Second United Front">Second United Front</a> in order to concentrate on fighting against the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 11, 1938, an aerial battle broke out for the first time over Xi'an as <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army_Air_Service" title="Imperial Japanese Army Air Service">Imperial Japanese Army Air Force</a> aircraft attacked the city, and was engaged by <a href="/wiki/Development_of_Chinese_Nationalist_air_force_(1937%E2%80%931945)" title="Development of Chinese Nationalist air force (1937–1945)">Chinese Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15">I-15</a> fighter planes, led by Lt. <a href="/wiki/Cen_Zeliu" title="Cen Zeliu">Cen Zeliu</a> of the 5th Pursuit Group, 17th Squadron.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While repeatedly attacked by air, Shaanxi was heavily fortified by units of the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Route_Army" title="Eighth Route Army">Eighth Route Army</a>; Xi'an was never taken by the Japanese forces.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 20, 1949, the Communist-controlled <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> captured the city of Xi'an from the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> force.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Mao era, Xi'an was further developed as part of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Front_(China)" title="Third Front (China)">Third Front Construction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 186">: 186 </span></sup> </p><p>Xi'an made headlines for being one of the many cities where the <a href="/wiki/2012_China_anti-Japanese_demonstrations" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 China anti-Japanese demonstrations">2012 China anti-Japanese demonstrations</a> occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-sinapatriot_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sinapatriot-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Xi'an witnessed the largest <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> community outbreak since the initial months of the pandemic hit China.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From December 23, 2021, the city was put into strict lockdown after local authorities reported more than 250 cases,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> traced to the <a href="/wiki/Delta_variant" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta variant">Delta variant</a> by authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-cnbc_20211222_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnbc_20211222-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to stressed healthcare and delayed or insufficient food deliveries to some part of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Restrictions of Xi'an were lifted on January 24.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meibei_Lake,Huyi_District,Xi%27an.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Meibei_Lake%2CHuyi_District%2CXi%27an.jpg/220px-Meibei_Lake%2CHuyi_District%2CXi%27an.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Meibei_Lake%2CHuyi_District%2CXi%27an.jpg/330px-Meibei_Lake%2CHuyi_District%2CXi%27an.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Meibei_Lake%2CHuyi_District%2CXi%27an.jpg/440px-Meibei_Lake%2CHuyi_District%2CXi%27an.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3576" data-file-height="2683" /></a><figcaption>Meibei Lake, <a href="/wiki/Huyi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huyi District">Huyi District</a>, Xi'an</figcaption></figure> <p>Xi'an lies on the <a href="/wiki/Guanzhong" title="Guanzhong">Guanzhong Plain</a> in the south-central part of <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a> province, on a flood plain created by the eight surrounding rivers and streams. </p><p>The city borders the northern foot of the <a href="/wiki/Qin_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Qin Mountains">Qin Mountains</a> (Qinling) to the south, and the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Wei_River" title="Wei River">Wei River</a> to the north. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hua" title="Mount Hua">Hua Shan</a>, one of the five sacred Taoist mountains, is located 100 km (62 mi) away to the east of the city. Not far to the north is the <a href="/wiki/Loess_Plateau" title="Loess Plateau">Loess Plateau</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-10552568-ni49-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Txu-oclc-10552568-ni49-5.jpg/220px-Txu-oclc-10552568-ni49-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Txu-oclc-10552568-ni49-5.jpg/330px-Txu-oclc-10552568-ni49-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Txu-oclc-10552568-ni49-5.jpg/440px-Txu-oclc-10552568-ni49-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3822" /></a><figcaption>Map including Xi'an (labeled HSI-AN (SIAN) (walled)) (<a href="/wiki/Army_Map_Service" title="Army Map Service">AMS</a>, 1955)</figcaption></figure> <p>At the beginning of Han dynasty, the Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Liang_(Western_Han)" title="Zhang Liang (Western Han)">Zhang Liang</a> advised the emperor <a href="/wiki/Liu_Bang" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Bang">Liu Bang</a> to choose Guanzhong as the capital of the Han dynasty: "Guanzhong Plain is located behind <a href="/wiki/Mount_Xiao" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Xiao">Mount Xiao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hangu_Pass" title="Hangu Pass">Hangu Pass</a>, and connects Long (<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>) and Shu (<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>). The area can be called an irony castle spreads for thousands of miles, and is rich in harvest like the nation of heaven." (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">关中左崤函，右陇蜀，沃野千里，此所谓金城千里，天府之国也</span></span>) Since then, Guanzhong is also known as the 'Nation of the Heaven'.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xi'an has a <a href="/wiki/Temperateness" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperateness">temperate</a> climate that is influenced by the <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_monsoon" title="East Asian monsoon">East Asian monsoon</a>, classified under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> as a borderline <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<i>Cwa/Dwa</i>). The Wei River valley is characterized by hot, <a href="/wiki/Humidity" title="Humidity">humid</a> summers, cold, dry winters, and dry springs and autumns. Most of the annual <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> is delivered from July to late October. Snow occasionally falls in winter but rarely settles for long. <a href="/wiki/Dust_storm" title="Dust storm">Dust storms</a> often occur during March and April as the city rapidly warms up. Summer months also experience frequent but short <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">thunderstorms</a>. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from around the freezing mark in January to 27.0 °C (80.6 °F) in July, with an annual mean of 14.08 °C (57.3 °F). Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −20.6 °C (−5 °F) on January 11, 1955, to 41.8 °C (107 °F) on June 21, 1998. A highest record of 42.9 °C (109 °F) was registered in another station on June 17, 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mherrera_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mherrera-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An unofficial record low of −25.0 °C (−13 °F) was also recorded in January 1930, but at another weather station in the northern suburbs of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Xi'an (<a href="/wiki/Chang%27an_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Chang'an District, Xi'an">Chang'an District</a>), elevation 445 m (1,460 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–2013) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.6<br />(101.5) </td> <td style="background: #FA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.8<br />(107.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.0<br />(105.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.5<br />(101.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FA0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.8<br />(107.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.4<br />(24.1) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1<br />(30.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.7<br />(27.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.6<br />(−5.1) </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−18.7<br />(−1.7) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.6<br />(18.3) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4<br />(25) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.8<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.3<br />(−2.7) </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−20.6<br />(−5.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(0.35) </td> <td style="background: #E9FFE9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(0.52) </td> <td style="background: #D4FFD4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(1.12) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.6<br />(1.95) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.0<br />(2.68) </td> <td style="background: #7BFF7B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.6<br />(3.37) </td> <td style="background: #64FF64; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103.8<br />(4.09) </td> <td style="background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.7<br />(3.81) </td> <td style="background: #4AFF4A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.2<br />(4.61) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.6<br />(2.62) </td> <td style="background: #D4FFD4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(1.10) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(0.26) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">672.4<br />(26.48) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">96.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">71 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #B6B65F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.2 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">121.4 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">160.2 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">185.1 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">200.1 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.2 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">209.3 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">176.1 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF29; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.2 </td> <td style="background: #B6B660; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.8 </td> <td style="background: #B8B853; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.6 </td> <td style="background: #B7B75B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">121.7 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,870.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #F8F822; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: China Meteorological Administration<sup id="cite_ref-cma_graphical_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cma_graphical-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CMA_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMA-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all-time extreme temperature<sup id="cite_ref-Mherrera_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mherrera-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Time_Service_Center">National Time Service Center</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: National Time Service Center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Time_Service_Center" title="National Time Service Center">Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory</a> was established in 1966. In 1975, according to the Geodetic Origin Report of the People's Republic of China, 'in order to avoid bias in the mensuration as much as possible, the Geodetic Origin would be in central mainland China.' Lintong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">临潼</span></span>), a town near Xi'an was chosen. Since 1986, Chinese Standard Time (CST) was set from NTSC. The National Time Service Center (NTSC), the Chinese Academy of Sciences is an institute which is mainly engaged in the service and research on time and frequency. NTSC takes charge of generating and maintaining the national standard time scale, disseminating the time and frequency signals. The autonomous standard time scales of universal time and atomic time and the dissemination techniques with LF radio and HF radio were established successively during the 1970s and 1980s, which meet all the requirements for different applications on the whole, such as the scientific researches, national economy, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2010 Xi'an has a population of 5.4 million.<sup id="cite_ref-xatj.gov.cn_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xatj.gov.cn-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compared to the census data from 2007, the population has increased by 1.4 million persons.<sup id="cite_ref-xianpop_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xianpop-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population is 51.66 percent male and 48.34 percent female.<sup id="cite_ref-xianpop_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xianpop-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among its districts, <a href="/wiki/Yanta_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanta District">Yanta</a> has the largest population, with around 1.08 million inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-xianpop_78-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xianpop-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Xi'an <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> was estimated by the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) to have, as of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, a population of 12.9 million,<sup id="cite_ref-oecd2015_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oecd2015-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which 5,740,000 is urban.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"> <caption>Breakdown of Xi'an population by district and county </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" rowspan="2">Division </th> <th scope="col" colspan="3">Permanent residents<sup id="cite_ref-Xi'an_2010_permanent_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xi'an_2010_permanent-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hukou_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukou system">Hukou</a> residents<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width:70px;">Total </th> <th scope="col" style="width:70px;">Percentage </th> <th scope="col" style="width:70px;">Population density (persons/km<sup>2</sup>) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:right; font-weight:bold;"> <th style="width:200px;"><b>Xi'an City</b> </th> <td style="width:100px;">8,467,837</td> <td style="width:100px;">100</td> <td style="width:100px;">838.66</td> <td style="width:100px;">7,827,260 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Xincheng_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Xincheng District, Xi'an">Xincheng District</a> </th> <td>589,739</td> <td>6.96</td> <td>19,574.51</td> <td>503,641 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Beilin_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Beilin District, Xi'an">Beilin District</a> </th> <td>614,710</td> <td>7.26</td> <td>26,298.54</td> <td>732,494 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lianhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lianhu District">Lianhu District</a> </th> <td>698,513</td> <td>8.25</td> <td>18,226.61</td> <td>640,911 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Baqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Baqiao District">Baqiao District</a> </th> <td>595,124</td> <td>7.03</td> <td>1,833.97</td> <td>508,535 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Weiyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Weiyang District">Weiyang District</a> </th> <td>806,811</td> <td>9.53</td> <td>3,051.39</td> <td>516,968 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Yanta_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanta District">Yanta District</a> </th> <td>1,178,529</td> <td>13.92</td> <td>7,782.38</td> <td>793,103 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Yanliang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanliang District">Yanliang District</a> </th> <td>278,604</td> <td>3.29</td> <td>1,139.26</td> <td>252,449 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lintong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lintong District">Lintong District</a> </th> <td>655,874</td> <td>7.75</td> <td>716.04</td> <td>697,586 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Chang%27an_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Chang'an District, Xi'an">Chang'an District</a> </th> <td>1,083,285</td> <td>12.79</td> <td>681.94</td> <td>980,803 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Gaoling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaoling District">Gaoling District</a> </th> <td>333,477</td> <td>3.94</td> <td>1,169.98</td> <td>294,507 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Huyi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huyi District">Huyi District</a> </th> <td>556,377</td> <td>6.57</td> <td>434.87</td> <td>597,071 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lantian_County" title="Lantian County">Lantian County</a> </th> <td>514,026</td> <td>6.07</td> <td>256.25</td> <td>643,605 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Zhouzhi_County" title="Zhouzhi County">Zhouzhi County</a> </th> <td>562,768</td> <td>6.65</td> <td>191.08</td> <td>665,587 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xi'an has direct jurisdiction over 11 <a href="/wiki/District_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">districts</a> and 2 <a href="/wiki/County_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (People's Republic of China)">counties</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; width:90%; font-size:smaller;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="12">Map </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="text-align:center; font-size:normal;"> <div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 735px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Administrative_Division_Xi%27an.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Administrative_Division_Xi%27an.png/735px-Administrative_Division_Xi%27an.png" decoding="async" width="735" height="428" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Administrative_Division_Xi%27an.png/1103px-Administrative_Division_Xi%27an.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Administrative_Division_Xi%27an.png/1470px-Administrative_Division_Xi%27an.png 2x" data-file-width="2680" data-file-height="1560" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:441.5px; top:184.5px"><a href="/wiki/Xincheng_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Xincheng District, Xi'an"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Xincheng</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:426.5px; top:194.5px"><a href="/wiki/Beilin_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Beilin District, Xi'an"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Beilin</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:404px; top:184.5px"><a href="/wiki/Lianhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lianhu District"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Lianhu</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:464px; top:167px"><a href="/wiki/Baqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Baqiao District"><b>Baqiao</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:401.5px; top:157px"><a href="/wiki/Weiyang_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Weiyang District, Xi'an"><b>Weiyang</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:416.5px; top:212px"><a href="/wiki/Yanta_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanta District"><b>Yanta</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:524px; top:27px"><a href="/wiki/Yanliang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanliang District"><b>Yanliang</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:529px; top:107px"><a href="/wiki/Lintong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lintong District"><b>Lintong</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:414px; top:272px"><a href="/wiki/Chang%27an_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Chang'an District, Xi'an"><b>Chang'an</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:564px; top:252px"><a href="/wiki/Lantian_County" title="Lantian County"><b>Lantian<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:139px; top:312px"><a href="/wiki/Zhouzhi_County" title="Zhouzhi County"><b>Zhouzhi<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:299px; top:292px"><a href="/wiki/Huyi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huyi District"><b>Huyi</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:456.5px; top:87px"><a href="/wiki/Gaoling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaoling District"><b>Gaoling</b></a></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_codes_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China">Division code</a><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">English </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Chinese </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Pinyin </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Area in km2<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Seat </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Postal code </th> <th scope="col" colspan="6">Subdivisions<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width:45px;"><a href="/wiki/Subdistrict_(China)" title="Subdistrict (China)">Subdistricts</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:45px;"><a href="/wiki/Town_(China)" title="Town (China)">Towns</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:45px;">Residential communities </th> <th scope="col" style="width:45px;">Villages </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"> <th>610100</th> <th>Xi'an </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">西安市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Xī'ān Shì</i></span></td> <td>10,096.81</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Weiyang_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Weiyang District, Xi'an">Weiyang District</a></td> <td>710000</td> <td>113</td> <td>55</td> <td>766</td> <td>2984 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>610102</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Xincheng_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Xincheng District, Xi'an">Xincheng District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">新城区</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Xīnchéng Qū</i></span></td> <td>30.13</td> <td>Xiyi Road Subdistrict<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">西一路街道</span></span>)</td> <td>710000</td> <td>9</td> <td></td> <td>105</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>610103</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Beilin_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Beilin District, Xi'an">Beilin District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">碑林区</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Bēilín Qū</i></span></td> <td>23.37</td> <td>Zhangjiacun Subdistrict<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">张家村街道</span></span>)</td> <td>710000</td> <td>8</td> <td></td> <td>100</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>610104</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Lianhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lianhu District">Lianhu District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">莲湖区</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Liánhú Qū</i></span></td> <td>38.32</td> <td>Beiyuanmen Subdistrict<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">北院门街道</span></span>)</td> <td>710000</td> <td>9</td> <td></td> <td>127</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>610111</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Baqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Baqiao District">Baqiao District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">灞桥区</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Bàqiáo Qū</i></span></td> <td>324.50</td> <td>Fangzhicheng Subdistrict<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">纺织城街道</span></span>)</td> <td>710000</td> <td>9</td> <td></td> <td>40</td> <td>223 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>610112</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Weiyang_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Weiyang District, Xi'an">Weiyang District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">未央区</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Wèiyāng Qū</i></span></td> <td>264.41</td> <td>Zhangjiabao Subdistrict<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">张家堡街道</span></span>)</td> <td>710000</td> <td>12</td> <td></td> <td>114</td> <td>147 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>610113</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Yanta_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanta District">Yanta District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">雁塔区</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yàntǎ Qū</i></span></td> <td>151.45</td> <td>Xiaozhai Road Subdistrict<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">小寨路街道</span></span>)</td> <td>710000</td> <td>8</td> <td></td> <td>123</td> <td>84 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>610114</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Yanliang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanliang District">Yanliang District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">阎良区</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yánliáng Qū</i></span></td> <td>244.55</td> <td>Fenghuang Road Subdistrict<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">凤凰路街道</span></span>)</td> <td>710089</td> <td>5</td> <td>2</td> <td>23</td> <td>80 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>610115</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Lintong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lintong District">Lintong District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">临潼区</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Líntóng Qū</i></span></td> <td>915.97</td> <td>Lishan Subdistrict<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">骊山街道</span></span>)</td> <td>710600</td> <td>23</td> <td></td> <td>36</td> <td>284 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>610116</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chang%27an_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Chang'an District, Xi'an">Chang'an District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">长安区</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Cháng'ān Qū</i></span></td> <td>1,588.53</td> <td>Weiqu Subdistrict<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">韦曲街道</span></span>)</td> <td>710100</td> <td>25</td> <td></td> <td>47</td> <td>659 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>610117</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Gaoling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaoling District">Gaoling District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">高陵区</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Gāolíng Qū</i></span></td> <td>285.03</td> <td>Luyuan Subdistrict<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">鹿苑街道</span></span>)</td> <td>710200</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>8</td> <td>88 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>610118</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Huyi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huyi District">Huyi District</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">鄠邑区</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Hùyì Qū</i></span></td> <td>1,279.42</td> <td>Ganting Subdistrict<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">甘亭街道</span></span>)</td> <td>710300</td> <td>1</td> <td>13</td> <td>21</td> <td>518 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>610122</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Lantian_County" title="Lantian County">Lantian County</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">蓝田县</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Lántián Xiàn</i></span></td> <td>2,005.95</td> <td>Languan Subdistrict<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">蓝关街道</span></span>)</td> <td>710500</td> <td>1</td> <td>18</td> <td>8</td> <td>520 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>610124</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zhouzhi_County" title="Zhouzhi County">Zhouzhi County</a> </th> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">周至县</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Zhōuzhì Xiàn</i></span></td> <td>2,945.20</td> <td>Erqu Subdistrict<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">二曲街道</span></span>)</td> <td>710400</td> <td>1</td> <td>19</td> <td>14</td> <td>376 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xi'an has many areas that are easily accessible on foot. In many commercial, residential, educational zones in the city, especially in the shopping and entertainment districts around the Bell Tower, underpasses and overpasses have been built for the safety and convenience of pedestrians. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">bicycle sharing</a> network started operating in Xi'an from the year 2013 and today has 52,000 bikes, used by over 200,000 people per day.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taxi services are numerous, but many citizens of Xi'an still commute to work using the city's 270 official municipal bus routes serviced by a fleet of over 7,800 buses, with an average system-wide ridership of over 4 million people per day.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bus network is complemented by a rapidly expanding subway system that carries over 1.5 million commuters per day.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are more than 2 million registered automobiles<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Xi'an; the growing number of personal automobiles also means traffic jams are a common urban issue. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metro">Metro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Metro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Train_of_Line_14_in_Xi%27an_Metro,_May_3_2023_(New_JC).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Train_of_Line_14_in_Xi%27an_Metro%2C_May_3_2023_%28New_JC%29.jpg/220px-Train_of_Line_14_in_Xi%27an_Metro%2C_May_3_2023_%28New_JC%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Train_of_Line_14_in_Xi%27an_Metro%2C_May_3_2023_%28New_JC%29.jpg/330px-Train_of_Line_14_in_Xi%27an_Metro%2C_May_3_2023_%28New_JC%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Train_of_Line_14_in_Xi%27an_Metro%2C_May_3_2023_%28New_JC%29.jpg/440px-Train_of_Line_14_in_Xi%27an_Metro%2C_May_3_2023_%28New_JC%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Xi'an Metro <a href="/wiki/Line_14_(Xi%27an_Metro)" title="Line 14 (Xi'an Metro)">Line 14</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Platform_of_FENGHUANGCHI_Station,_Xi%27an_Metro_(Jul_25,_2023).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Platform_of_FENGHUANGCHI_Station%2C_Xi%27an_Metro_%28Jul_25%2C_2023%29.jpg/220px-Platform_of_FENGHUANGCHI_Station%2C_Xi%27an_Metro_%28Jul_25%2C_2023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Platform_of_FENGHUANGCHI_Station%2C_Xi%27an_Metro_%28Jul_25%2C_2023%29.jpg/330px-Platform_of_FENGHUANGCHI_Station%2C_Xi%27an_Metro_%28Jul_25%2C_2023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Platform_of_FENGHUANGCHI_Station%2C_Xi%27an_Metro_%28Jul_25%2C_2023%29.jpg/440px-Platform_of_FENGHUANGCHI_Station%2C_Xi%27an_Metro_%28Jul_25%2C_2023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4624" data-file-height="3472" /></a><figcaption>Fenghuangchi station</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Metro" title="Xi'an Metro">Xi'an Metro</a></div> <p>Line 2, running through the city from north (North Railway Station) to south (Weiqu Nan), was the first line opened to the public on September 16, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-cnr_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnr-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Operations began on September 28, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-cnr_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnr-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This line is 19.9 kilometers (12.4 miles) long with 17 stations.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Line 1 opened on September 15, 2013. As a west–east railway, its 19 stations connect <a href="/wiki/Houweizhai_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Houweizhai Station">Houweizhai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fangzhicheng_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Fangzhicheng Station">Fangzhicheng</a>. Line 3 runs from northeast (<a href="/wiki/Baoshuiqu_Station_(Xi%27an)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baoshuiqu Station (Xi'an)">Baoshuiqu</a>) to southwest (Yuhuazhai) and opened on November 8, 2016. Line 4, which is basically parallel to Line 2 on its east except for the northern parts, runs from the North Square of the North Railway Station [Beikezhan (Beiguangchang)] to south (Hangtianxincheng) and was available publicly on December 26, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Line 5 opened on December 28, 2020. This line is 41.6 kilometers long, with 31 stations from Matengkong to Chuangxingang.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Line 16 opened on June 27, 2023, and is 15.03 kilometers long, and runs from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qinchuangyuanzhongxin_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qinchuangyuanzhongxin station (page does not exist)">Qinchuangyuanzhongxin</a> to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shijingli_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shijingli station (page does not exist)">Shijingli</a> with 9 stations.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four more lines are currently under construction, including an extension of Line 1.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The subway system covers some of the most famous attractions, such as <a href="/wiki/Banpo_Museum" title="Banpo Museum">Banpo Museum</a> (Banpo Station, Line 1), Bell and Drum Tower (Line 2), <a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Xi%27an" title="Fortifications of Xi'an">Fortifications of Xi'an</a> (Line 2), the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda (Line 3 and Line 4), the Daminggong National Heritage Park (Line 4) and <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_History_Museum" title="Shaanxi History Museum">Shaanxi History Museum</a> (Line 2, 3 and 4), etc.<sup id="cite_ref-xian_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xian-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first metro departure time for Line 1, 2, 3 and 4 is 6:00, the last metro departure time for Line 3 and 4 is 23:00, for Line 1 is 23:30, and for Line 2 is 23:50.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 30, 2008, a fire accident occurred that was extinguished within an hour and all workers evacuated safely. Sixty-six hours later, on January 2, another fire occurred at another station on Line 2.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_facade_of_Xi%27anbei_Railway_Station_20200429.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/South_facade_of_Xi%27anbei_Railway_Station_20200429.jpg/220px-South_facade_of_Xi%27anbei_Railway_Station_20200429.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/South_facade_of_Xi%27anbei_Railway_Station_20200429.jpg/330px-South_facade_of_Xi%27anbei_Railway_Station_20200429.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/South_facade_of_Xi%27anbei_Railway_Station_20200429.jpg/440px-South_facade_of_Xi%27anbei_Railway_Station_20200429.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_North_railway_station" title="Xi'an North railway station">Xi'an North railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Xi'an's rail station, located just north of Xi'an's walled city, is one of the eight major national rail stations and the main rail hub of Shaanxi Province. The new <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_North_railway_station" title="Xi'an North railway station">Xi'an North railway station</a>, situated a few miles to the north, is the station for the high-speed trains of the <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou%E2%80%93Xi%27an_High-Speed_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhengzhou–Xi'an High-Speed Railway">Zhengzhou–Xi'an High-Speed Railway</a>. With 34 platforms, it is the largest railway station in <a href="/wiki/Northwest_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest China">Northwest China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gazette_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazette-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of the station began on September 19, 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The station was opened on January 11, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-gazette_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazette-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of May 2012, Xi'an North Station is served only by the fast (G-series and D-series) trains running on the <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou%E2%80%93Xi%27an_high-speed_railway" title="Zhengzhou–Xi'an high-speed railway">Zhengzhou–Xi'an high-speed railway</a>; one of them continues south to <a href="/wiki/Hankou_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Hankou Railway Station">Hankou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's other stations include <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_West_railway_station" title="Xi'an West railway station">Xi'an West</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an_East_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xi'an East railway station (page does not exist)">Xi'an East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_South_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi'an South railway station">Xi'an South</a>, Sanmincun, and Fangzhicheng railway stations. </p><p>Xi'an Railway Station covers 597,000 square meters (6,430,000 <a href="/wiki/Square_foot" title="Square foot">square feet</a>), has 5 passenger platforms, and 24 tracks. It provides 112 services to 80 000 people daily. Among the destinations served by direct trains from Xi'an are <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hua" title="Mount Hua">Mount Hua</a>. <a href="/wiki/China_Railways_CRH2" class="mw-redirect" title="China Railways CRH2">China Railway High-speed 2</a> now run an express services from Xi'an to Baoji and Xi'an to Zhengzhou; with a total running time to Baoji of under 90 minutes, and 2 hours to Zhengzhou. The <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou%E2%80%93Xi%27an_high-speed_railway" title="Zhengzhou–Xi'an high-speed railway">Zhengzhou–Xi'an high-speed railway</a> also serves Xi'an. Construction work began on September 25, 2005, the railway opened for service on February 6, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The railway has made air service between Zhengzhou and Xi'an uncompetitive. All passenger flights between the two cities were suspended within 48 days of start of regular high-speed rail service.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Airport,_Terminal_JP7562176.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Airport%2C_Terminal_JP7562176.jpg/220px-Airport%2C_Terminal_JP7562176.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Airport%2C_Terminal_JP7562176.jpg/330px-Airport%2C_Terminal_JP7562176.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Airport%2C_Terminal_JP7562176.jpg/440px-Airport%2C_Terminal_JP7562176.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Xianyang_International_Airport" title="Xi'an Xianyang International Airport">Xi'an Xianyang International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Xianyang_International_Airport" title="Xi'an Xianyang International Airport">Xi'an Xianyang International Airport</a> (airport code: XIY) is the major airport serving the city and it is the largest airport in the northwestern part of China. It is 25 miles northwest of Xi'an city center, and 8 miles northeast of the center of Xianyang.<sup id="cite_ref-yearbook_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yearbook-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/China_Eastern_Airlines" title="China Eastern Airlines">China Eastern Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hainan_Airlines" title="Hainan Airlines">Hainan Airlines</a> and <a href="/wiki/China_Southern_Airlines" title="China Southern Airlines">China Southern Airlines</a> are the main airlines using the airport. Terminal 3 and the second runway were opened on May 3, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of Terminal 5 began in 2022 and is expected to be completed by 2025. </p><p>Other than linking to most Chinese cities, the airport also has flights to several major Asian cities. One incident, however, is in 1994, when <a href="/wiki/China_Northwest_Airlines_flight_2303" class="mw-redirect" title="China Northwest Airlines flight 2303">China Northwest Airlines flight 2303</a> broke up in mid-air and crashed near Xi'an en route to Guangzhou.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A maintenance error was responsible. All 160 people on board died. As of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, it remains the deadliest airplane crash ever to occur in mainland China.<sup id="cite_ref-ASN_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASN-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_religion">Culture and religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Culture and religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xian-Grosse_Moschee-08-2012-gje.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Xian-Grosse_Moschee-08-2012-gje.jpg/220px-Xian-Grosse_Moschee-08-2012-gje.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Xian-Grosse_Moschee-08-2012-gje.jpg/330px-Xian-Grosse_Moschee-08-2012-gje.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Xian-Grosse_Moschee-08-2012-gje.jpg/440px-Xian-Grosse_Moschee-08-2012-gje.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A typical Chinese pavilion located in Xi'an</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xi%27anviewpic5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Xi%27anviewpic5.jpg/220px-Xi%27anviewpic5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Xi%27anviewpic5.jpg/330px-Xi%27anviewpic5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Xi%27anviewpic5.jpg/440px-Xi%27anviewpic5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1229" data-file-height="922" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Traditional Chinese musical performances at Xi'an</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biang_Biang_Noodles_at_Qintangyizhan,_Tianzhu,_Beijing_(20200412133323).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Biang_Biang_Noodles_at_Qintangyizhan%2C_Tianzhu%2C_Beijing_%2820200412133323%29.jpg/220px-Biang_Biang_Noodles_at_Qintangyizhan%2C_Tianzhu%2C_Beijing_%2820200412133323%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Biang_Biang_Noodles_at_Qintangyizhan%2C_Tianzhu%2C_Beijing_%2820200412133323%29.jpg/330px-Biang_Biang_Noodles_at_Qintangyizhan%2C_Tianzhu%2C_Beijing_%2820200412133323%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Biang_Biang_Noodles_at_Qintangyizhan%2C_Tianzhu%2C_Beijing_%2820200412133323%29.jpg/440px-Biang_Biang_Noodles_at_Qintangyizhan%2C_Tianzhu%2C_Beijing_%2820200412133323%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3487" data-file-height="2325" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Biangbiang_noodles" title="Biangbiang noodles">Biang Biang Noodles</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resident_artists">Resident artists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Resident artists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xi'an is home to contemporary Chinese stars such as <a href="/wiki/Xu_Wei_(musician)" title="Xu Wei (musician)">Xu Wei</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chu_(singer)" title="Zhang Chu (singer)">Zhang Chu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zheng_Jun" title="Zheng Jun">Zheng Jun</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xi'an_cuisine"><span id="Xi.27an_cuisine"></span>Xi'an cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Xi'an cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_cuisine" title="Shaanxi cuisine">Shaanxi cuisine</a></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Paomo" title="Paomo">Yangrou paomo</a></i> (flat bread soaked in lamb soup; simplified Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hans">羊肉泡馍</span>; traditional Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hant">羊肉泡饃</span>; pinyin: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Yángròu pàomó</span></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a well known Xi'anese dish. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Liangpi" title="Liangpi">Liang pi</a></i> (cold rice noodles; simplified Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hans">凉皮</span>; traditional Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hant">涼皮</span>; pinyin: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">liángpí</span></i>) are wheat or rice noodles served cold with vinegar and chili oil. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Biangbiang_noodles" title="Biangbiang noodles">Biangbiang mian</a></i>, also known as <i>youpo chemian</i> (simplified Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hans">油泼扯面</span>; traditional Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hant">油潑扯麵</span>; pinyin: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Yóupō chěmiàn</span></i>), are thick and long hand-pulled noodles, typically served with red hot pepper. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Roujiamo" title="Roujiamo">Roujiamo</a></i> (meat buns; simplified Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hans">肉夾馍</span>; traditional Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hant">肉夾饃</span>; pinyin: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Ròujiāmó</span></i>) is a bun filled with pork. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qinqiang">Qinqiang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Qinqiang"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Qinqiang" title="Qinqiang">Qinqiang</a> (Voice of Qin) is the oldest and most extensive of the four major types of Chinese opera.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another one would be the Empress of the Great Tang is China's first Tang dynasty dance and music show. The story is based on the life of the famous Chinese historical figure <a href="/wiki/Wu_Zetian" title="Wu Zetian">Empress Wu Zetian</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>. Through live performances by a classical Chinese orchestra and state-of-the-art stage design, this show will take you back to the glory of the legendary Empress Wu Zetian and the Great Tang Empire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese_traditional_religion_and_Taoism">Chinese traditional religion and Taoism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Chinese traditional religion and Taoism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Temple_of_the_Town_Deity_in_Xi%27an_13_2013-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/The_Temple_of_the_Town_Deity_in_Xi%27an_13_2013-09.jpg/220px-The_Temple_of_the_Town_Deity_in_Xi%27an_13_2013-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/The_Temple_of_the_Town_Deity_in_Xi%27an_13_2013-09.jpg/330px-The_Temple_of_the_Town_Deity_in_Xi%27an_13_2013-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/The_Temple_of_the_Town_Deity_in_Xi%27an_13_2013-09.jpg/440px-The_Temple_of_the_Town_Deity_in_Xi%27an_13_2013-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>A pavilion of the City God Temple of Xi'an</figcaption></figure> <p>The most influential religions in Xi'an are the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese traditional religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist</a> <a href="/wiki/Taoist_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist schools">schools</a>, represented by many major and minor temples. Among these there are a <a href="/wiki/City_God_(China)" title="City God (China)">City God Temple</a>, completely reconstructed in the 2010s, and a <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Confucius" title="Temple of Confucius">Temple of Confucius</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Xi%27an" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Xi'an">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Xi'an</a></div> <p>The first recorded Christian missionary in China was <a href="/wiki/Alopen" title="Alopen">Alopen</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>-speaker, who arrived in Xi'an (then known as Chang'an) in 635 along the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nestorian_Stele" class="mw-redirect" title="Nestorian Stele">Nestorian Stele</a>, now located in Xi'an's <a href="/wiki/Stele_Forest" title="Stele Forest">Beilin Museum</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Stele" title="Stele">stele</a> erected in 781 that documents the 150 years of early <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_China" title="Christianity in China">Christianity in China</a> following Alopen.<sup id="cite_ref-hill-108_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hill-108-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a 279-centimeter-tall (110-<a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">inch</a>) <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> block with text in both <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> describing the existence of Christian communities in several cities in northern China. The <a href="/wiki/Daqin_Pagoda" title="Daqin Pagoda">Daqin Pagoda</a>, a Buddhist pagoda in <a href="/wiki/Zhouzhi_County" title="Zhouzhi County">Zhouzhi County</a> of Xi'an, has been suggested to have originally been a <a href="/wiki/Nestorian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nestorian">Nestorian</a> Christian church from the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baptist missionaries from England ran a hospital in Xi'an.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1892, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Gostick_Shorrock" title="Arthur Gostick Shorrock">Arthur Gostick Shorrock</a><sup id="cite_ref-Shorrock1926_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shorrock1926-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Moir Duncan<sup id="cite_ref-DuncanPapers_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DuncanPapers-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> founded the <i>Sianfu Mission</i>, in present-day Xi'an.<sup id="cite_ref-Burt1925_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burt1925-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Glover1914_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glover1914-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duncan1900_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan1900-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xi'an has a minority Muslim community, most of these Muslims are from the <a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a> group, there are an estimated 50,000 Hui Muslims in Xi'an.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are seven mosques in Xi'an, the best known being the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Xi%27an" title="Great Mosque of Xi'an">Great Mosque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Great Mosque, located in the city center, is one of the oldest and most significant mosques in China. It was built during the Tang Dynasty and has been renovated and expanded over the centuries. The mosque reflects a unique blend of Islamic and traditional Chinese architectural styles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89_%E6%B2%A3%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E6%B2%A3%E6%B2%B3%E6%A1%A5%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%9C%E6%9C%9B%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%BA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89_%E6%B2%A3%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E6%B2%A3%E6%B2%B3%E6%A1%A5%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%9C%E6%9C%9B%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%BA.jpg/220px-%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89_%E6%B2%A3%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E6%B2%A3%E6%B2%B3%E6%A1%A5%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%9C%E6%9C%9B%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%BA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89_%E6%B2%A3%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E6%B2%A3%E6%B2%B3%E6%A1%A5%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%9C%E6%9C%9B%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%BA.jpg/330px-%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89_%E6%B2%A3%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E6%B2%A3%E6%B2%B3%E6%A1%A5%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%9C%E6%9C%9B%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%BA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89_%E6%B2%A3%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E6%B2%A3%E6%B2%B3%E6%A1%A5%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%9C%E6%9C%9B%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%BA.jpg/440px-%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89_%E6%B2%A3%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E6%B2%A3%E6%B2%B3%E6%A1%A5%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%9C%E6%9C%9B%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%BA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5792" data-file-height="4344" /></a><figcaption>Fenghe Bridge</figcaption></figure> <p>As part of the <a href="/wiki/China_Western_Development" title="China Western Development">China Western Development</a> policy, Xi'an became a major target for accelerated attention. From 1997 to 2006, the industrial output value of Xi'an's service industry increased at an annual average rate of 13 percent, compared to traditional service industries of 0.74 percent, representing a growth from US$8.113 billion to US$25.85 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-chinacenter_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinacenter-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xi'an is the largest economy of the Shaanxi province, with a GDP of 1.148 trillion Yuan in 2022. On average this value increases by 14.5 percent annually, and accounts for approximately 35 percent of <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>'s total GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least fifty-eight countries have established over 2,560 enterprises in Xi'an, including nineteen of the Fortune 500 enterprises. These include <a href="/wiki/ABB" title="ABB">ABB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi" title="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Coca-Cola Company">Coca-Cola Company</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xi'an's capacity in information technology, advanced materials, aerospace, energy, and chemical engineering was highlighted in the western development policies in the <i>Guiding Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Development of the West in the New Era and Forming a New Pattern</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 186">: 186 </span></sup> </p><p>In 2020, Xi'an was ranked as a Beta- (global second tier) city by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xi'an is also one of the world's top 100 financial centers, according to the <a href="/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" title="Global Financial Centres Index">Global Financial Centres Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GFCI_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFCI-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Important industries include equipment manufacturing, tourism, and service outsourcing.<sup id="cite_ref-official_website_for_Shaanxi_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official_website_for_Shaanxi-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The manufacturing industry had an annual output of RMB 36.5 billion, accounting for 44.5 percent of the city's total.<sup id="cite_ref-city_info_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-city_info-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, as one of China's four ancient capitals,<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xi'an's many cultural sites, including the <a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Terracotta Army</a>, the <a href="/wiki/City_Wall_of_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="City Wall of Xi'an">City Wall of Xi'an</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Famen_Temple" title="Famen Temple">Famen Temple</a>, make tourism an important industry as well. In 2019, tourists visiting Xi'an exceeded 300 million, earning a total income of RMB 314.6 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On average, revenue increases by 36.4 percent per year, and foreign-exchange earnings (530 million in 2009) increase by around 35.8 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-city_info_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-city_info-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xi'an is also one of the first service outsourcing cities in China, with over 800 corporations in the industry. The city's output value from this sector exceeded RMB 23 billion in 2008. Employment in the sector doubled from 1997 to 2006, from a base of 60,000, and computer consulting also doubled from 16,000 to 32,000.<sup id="cite_ref-chinacenter_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinacenter-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the importance of the software-outsourcing industry, the city planned construction of a Software New Town, which is scheduled to be completed in 2015 with 30 billion RMB investment.<sup id="cite_ref-city_info_127-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-city_info-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other major export goods include lighting equipment and automobile parts, while its major import goods are mechanical and electrical products. Internationally, Xi'an's largest trade partner is the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-city_info_127-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-city_info-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_International_Trade_%26_Logistics_Park" title="Xi'an International Trade & Logistics Park">Xi'an International Trade and Logistics Park</a> covers about thirty-five square miles and was conceived of as model for logistics-based <a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_China" title="Urbanization in China">urbanization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:Curtis&Klaus_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Curtis&Klaus-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 120">: 120 </span></sup> The park is a major <a href="/wiki/Dry_port" title="Dry port">dry port</a> and rail container center.<sup id="cite_ref-:Curtis&Klaus_130-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Curtis&Klaus-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 120">: 120 </span></sup> More China-Europe Freight Train (CEFT) rails depart from or return to Xi'an than any other city.<sup id="cite_ref-:Curtis&Klaus_130-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Curtis&Klaus-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 120–121">: 120–121 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Software_and_technological_industries">Software and technological industries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Software and technological industries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%9B%81%E5%A1%94_%E5%9C%A8%E9%94%A6%E4%B8%9A%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%8A%E7%9C%8B%E9%AB%98%E6%96%B0%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8C%BA_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/%E9%9B%81%E5%A1%94_%E5%9C%A8%E9%94%A6%E4%B8%9A%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%8A%E7%9C%8B%E9%AB%98%E6%96%B0%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8C%BA_01.jpg/220px-%E9%9B%81%E5%A1%94_%E5%9C%A8%E9%94%A6%E4%B8%9A%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%8A%E7%9C%8B%E9%AB%98%E6%96%B0%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8C%BA_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/%E9%9B%81%E5%A1%94_%E5%9C%A8%E9%94%A6%E4%B8%9A%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%8A%E7%9C%8B%E9%AB%98%E6%96%B0%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8C%BA_01.jpg/330px-%E9%9B%81%E5%A1%94_%E5%9C%A8%E9%94%A6%E4%B8%9A%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%8A%E7%9C%8B%E9%AB%98%E6%96%B0%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8C%BA_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/%E9%9B%81%E5%A1%94_%E5%9C%A8%E9%94%A6%E4%B8%9A%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%8A%E7%9C%8B%E9%AB%98%E6%96%B0%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8C%BA_01.jpg/439px-%E9%9B%81%E5%A1%94_%E5%9C%A8%E9%94%A6%E4%B8%9A%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%8A%E7%9C%8B%E9%AB%98%E6%96%B0%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8C%BA_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4344" data-file-height="5792" /></a><figcaption>Xi'an Hi-Tech Industries Development Zone</figcaption></figure> <p>The major industrial zone in Xi'an is the <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Economic_and_Technological_Development_Zone" title="Xi'an Economic and Technological Development Zone">Xi'an Economic and Technological Development Zone</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Jiangcungou_landfill" title="Jiangcungou landfill">Jiangcungou landfill</a> in Xi'an was China's largest landfill site before its closure in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The growing economy of the city also supports the development of a software industry, and the city is a pioneer in software industry in China. The Xi'an Software Park within the Xi'an Hi-Tech Industries Development Zone (XDZ) has attracted over 1,085 corporations and 106,000 employees as of 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xi'an is described as having" large pool of cheap human resources from the 100 universities in the area, it hoovers up around 3,000 computer graduates every year, each earning approximately $120 a month—half the wages for the equivalent job in Beijing."<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aerospace_industry">Aerospace industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Aerospace industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2006, Xi'an and the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation jointly set up Xi'an Aerospace Science and Technology Industrial Base. From its establishment, the base has focused on the development of the civil space industry, including equipment manufacturing, <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> and service <a href="/wiki/Outsourcing" title="Outsourcing">outsourcing</a>, new materials and solar <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaics" title="Photovoltaics">photovoltaics</a>. </p><p>Apart from the core area, the base will cover Xi'an and the <a href="/wiki/Guanzhong" title="Guanzhong">Guanzhong</a> area and the expansion zone will reach other parts of <a href="/wiki/Northwest_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest China">Northwest China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southwest_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest China">Southwest China</a>. It is expected that by 2012 the total industry output can reach 2.8 billion us dollars with about 10 to 20 brand products with intellectual property rights and 5 to 8 products with global competitiveness. </p><p>In 2008, after the launch of the initial aerospace center in Shanghai, the PRC is constructing another civil aerospace center in the Shaanxi province. The State Development and Reform Commission approved the planning of Xi'an National Civil Aerospace Industrial Base on December 26, 2007. The National Civil Aerospace Industrial Base of Xi'an, set to cover 23 km<sup>2</sup> (8.9 sq mi), will focus on developing satellites, new materials, energies, IT and other technologies for civil applications.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_research">Education and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Education and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in China">List of universities in China</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:XJTU_campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/XJTU_campus.jpg/400px-XJTU_campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/XJTU_campus.jpg/600px-XJTU_campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/XJTU_campus.jpg/800px-XJTU_campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5300" data-file-height="1755" /></a><figcaption>Xi'an Jiaotong University</figcaption></figure><p>Xi'an has many <a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_China" title="Rankings of universities in China">highly ranked educational institutions</a>, with the seven universities listed in 147 <a href="/wiki/National_Key_Universities" title="National Key Universities">National Key Universities</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Double_First-Class_Construction" title="Double First-Class Construction">Double First-Class Construction</a> ranking fourth nationwide (tie) with <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a> (only after <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>). There are a total of 60 universities in the city,<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the two famous ones being the <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Jiaotong_University" title="Xi'an Jiaotong University">Xi'an Jiaotong University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">西安交通大学</span></span>) and the <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Polytechnical_University" title="Northwestern Polytechnical University">Northwestern Polytechnical University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">西北工业大学</span></span>), which were ranked 95 and 101-150 worldwide, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other ones also include <a href="/wiki/Xidian_University" title="Xidian University">Xidian University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">西安电子科技大学</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an_University" title="Chang'an University">Chang'an University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">长安大学</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Northwest_University,_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest University, China">Northwest University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">西北大学</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Northwest_University_of_Political_Science_and_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest University of Political Science and Law">Northwest University of Political Science and Law</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">西北政法大学</span></span>) and; <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Normal_University" title="Shaanxi Normal University">Shaanxi Normal University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">陕西师范大学</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city was ranked 138th globally by the QS Best Student Cities Rankings in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xi'an is a world leading city for scientific research and as of 2023, it ranked among the world's top 20 cities and China's top 10 cities by scientific research output by the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It ranked first in <a href="/wiki/Western_China" title="Western China">West China</a> region, with a combined population of almost 300 million. The city also hosted the 2011 World Horticultural Exposition.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2023-10-10_Giant_Wild_Goose_Pagoda_%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%81%E5%A1%94_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2023-10-10_Giant_Wild_Goose_Pagoda_%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%81%E5%A1%94_02.jpg/220px-2023-10-10_Giant_Wild_Goose_Pagoda_%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%81%E5%A1%94_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2023-10-10_Giant_Wild_Goose_Pagoda_%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%81%E5%A1%94_02.jpg/330px-2023-10-10_Giant_Wild_Goose_Pagoda_%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%81%E5%A1%94_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2023-10-10_Giant_Wild_Goose_Pagoda_%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%81%E5%A1%94_02.jpg/440px-2023-10-10_Giant_Wild_Goose_Pagoda_%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%81%E5%A1%94_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Giant Wild Goose Pagoda</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bell_Tower_of_Xi%27an1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bell_Tower_of_Xi%27an1.jpg/220px-Bell_Tower_of_Xi%27an1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bell_Tower_of_Xi%27an1.jpg/330px-Bell_Tower_of_Xi%27an1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bell_Tower_of_Xi%27an1.jpg/440px-Bell_Tower_of_Xi%27an1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Bell Tower</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2023-10-09_Drum_Tower_of_Xi%27an_(%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E9%BC%93%E6%A8%93)_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/2023-10-09_Drum_Tower_of_Xi%27an_%28%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E9%BC%93%E6%A8%93%29_03.jpg/220px-2023-10-09_Drum_Tower_of_Xi%27an_%28%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E9%BC%93%E6%A8%93%29_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/2023-10-09_Drum_Tower_of_Xi%27an_%28%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E9%BC%93%E6%A8%93%29_03.jpg/330px-2023-10-09_Drum_Tower_of_Xi%27an_%28%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E9%BC%93%E6%A8%93%29_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/2023-10-09_Drum_Tower_of_Xi%27an_%28%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E9%BC%93%E6%A8%93%29_03.jpg/440px-2023-10-09_Drum_Tower_of_Xi%27an_%28%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E9%BC%93%E6%A8%93%29_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Drum Tower</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%AB%E2%80%94%E4%B8%B9%E5%87%A4%E9%97%A8%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%AB%E2%80%94%E4%B8%B9%E5%87%A4%E9%97%A8%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80.JPG/220px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%AB%E2%80%94%E4%B8%B9%E5%87%A4%E9%97%A8%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%AB%E2%80%94%E4%B8%B9%E5%87%A4%E9%97%A8%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80.JPG/330px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%AB%E2%80%94%E4%B8%B9%E5%87%A4%E9%97%A8%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%AB%E2%80%94%E4%B8%B9%E5%87%A4%E9%97%A8%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80.JPG/440px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%AB%E2%80%94%E4%B8%B9%E5%87%A4%E9%97%A8%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Reconstructed Danfeng Gate in <a href="/wiki/Daming_Palace" title="Daming Palace">Daming Palace</a> National Heritage Park</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2023-10-10_Shaanxi_History_Museum_%E9%99%9D%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2023-10-10_Shaanxi_History_Museum_%E9%99%9D%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8_02.jpg/220px-2023-10-10_Shaanxi_History_Museum_%E9%99%9D%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2023-10-10_Shaanxi_History_Museum_%E9%99%9D%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8_02.jpg/330px-2023-10-10_Shaanxi_History_Museum_%E9%99%9D%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2023-10-10_Shaanxi_History_Museum_%E9%99%9D%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8_02.jpg/440px-2023-10-10_Shaanxi_History_Museum_%E9%99%9D%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Shaanxi History Museum</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Han_Yang_Ling_16.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Han_Yang_Ling_16.JPG/220px-Han_Yang_Ling_16.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Han_Yang_Ling_16.JPG/330px-Han_Yang_Ling_16.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Han_Yang_Ling_16.JPG/440px-Han_Yang_Ling_16.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3328" data-file-height="1872" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Pit in underground museum of Han Yang Ling, Mausoleum of Han Emperor Jingdi</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TaibaiShanNFP.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/TaibaiShanNFP.JPG/220px-TaibaiShanNFP.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/TaibaiShanNFP.JPG/330px-TaibaiShanNFP.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/TaibaiShanNFP.JPG/440px-TaibaiShanNFP.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Mount Taibai National Forest Park</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Hyatt_Xi%27an.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Grand_Hyatt_Xi%27an.jpg/220px-Grand_Hyatt_Xi%27an.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Grand_Hyatt_Xi%27an.jpg/330px-Grand_Hyatt_Xi%27an.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Grand_Hyatt_Xi%27an.jpg/440px-Grand_Hyatt_Xi%27an.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="413" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The Grand Hyatt Xi'an hotel in the CBD</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sites">Sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of the city's many historical monuments and a plethora of ancient ruins and tombs in the vicinity,<sup id="cite_ref-br_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-br-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tourism has been an important component of the local economy, and the Xi'an region is one of the most popular tourist destinations in China.<sup id="cite_ref-br_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-br-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city has many important historical sites, and some are ongoing archaeological projects, such as the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_the_First_Qin_Emperor" title="Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor">Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Terracotta Army</a>. There are several burial mounds, tombs of the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a> kings located in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-encarta_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encarta-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xi'an also contains some 800 royal <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">mausoleums</a> and tombs from the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-columbia_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-columbia-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with some of them yielding hundreds of sculpted clay soldiers, and remains of sacrificial temples from the Han era.<sup id="cite_ref-columbia_140-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-columbia-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has numerous <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> pagodas and is noted for its history museum and its stele forest, which is housed in an 11th-century Confucian temple containing large stone tablets from various dynasties.<sup id="cite_ref-columbia_140-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-columbia-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the most well-known sites in Xi'an are: </p> <ul><li>The city is surrounded by a well-preserved <a href="/wiki/City_wall_of_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="City wall of Xi'an">city wall</a> which was reconstructed in the 14th century during the early <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> and was based on the inner imperial palace of <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>.</li> <li>The Mausoleum of <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang">Qin Shi Huang</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Terracotta Army</a> are located 40 km (25 mi) to the east of the city center, in the city's suburbs.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bell_Tower_of_Xi%27an" title="Bell Tower of Xi'an">Bell Tower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drum_Tower_of_Xi%27an" title="Drum Tower of Xi'an">Drum Tower</a>, both are located at the city's central axis</li> <li>The city's <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Muslim_Quarter" title="Xi'an Muslim Quarter">Muslim Quarter</a>, which is home to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Xi%27an" title="Great Mosque of Xi'an">Great Mosque of Xi'an</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Giant_Wild_Goose_Pagoda" title="Giant Wild Goose Pagoda">Giant Wild Goose Pagoda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Small_Wild_Goose_Pagoda" title="Small Wild Goose Pagoda">Small Wild Goose Pagoda</a> are both spectacular towers and both are well over 1,000 years old and have survived great earthquakes.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Stele_Forest" title="Stele Forest">Stele Forest</a> is famous for its numerous historic inscriptions and stoneworks.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Famen_Temple" title="Famen Temple">Famen Temple</a> and its towering pagoda located 120 kilometers (75 miles) west of Xi'an.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Ming_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi Ming Temple">Xi Ming Temple</a>, a historic Buddhist temple</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolong_Temple" title="Wolong Temple">Wolong Temple</a>, a Buddhist temple at Kaitong lane near the <a href="/wiki/Stele_Forest" title="Stele Forest">Stele Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingjiao_Temple" title="Xingjiao Temple">Xingjiao Temple</a> at Shaolin Yuan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianfu_Temple" title="Jianfu Temple">Jianfu Temple</a>, which is associated with the <a href="/wiki/Small_Wild_Goose_Pagoda" title="Small Wild Goose Pagoda">Small Wild Goose Pagoda</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Banpo" title="Banpo">Banpo</a> Neolithic village</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_History_Museum" title="Shaanxi History Museum">Shaanxi History Museum</a>, which has a large collection of historical artifacts</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Museum" title="Xi'an Museum">Xi'an Museum</a>, located near the <a href="/wiki/Small_Wild_Goose_Pagoda" title="Small Wild Goose Pagoda">Small Wild Goose Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaqing_Pool" title="Huaqing Pool">Huaqing Hot Springs</a>, at the foot of Mt. Li, have a history of 6,000 years, the adjacent Huaqing Palace has a history of 3,000 years. Ranked among the Hundred Famous Gardens in China, it also has the status as a <a href="/wiki/Major_Site_to_Be_Protected_for_Its_Historical_and_Cultural_Value_at_the_National_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Site to Be Protected for Its Historical and Cultural Value at the National Level">National Cultural Relic Protection Unit and a National Key Scenic Area</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daming_Palace_National_Heritage_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Daming Palace National Heritage Park">Daming Palace National Heritage Park</a>, site of the former royal residence of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> emperors</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Li" title="Mount Li">Mount Li</a> National Forest Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Zhongnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Zhongnan">Mount Zhongnan</a> National Forest Park</li> <li>Datang Everbright City</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Famous former professional sports teams in Xi'an include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Jia-A_League" title="Chinese Jia-A League">Chinese Jia-A League</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_National_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaanxi National Power">Shaanxi National Power</a> (moved to <a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a> and renamed themselves Ningbo National Power in 2004)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Football_Association_Super_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Football Association Super League">Chinese Football Association Super League</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Baorong_Chanba" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaanxi Baorong Chanba">Shaanxi Baorong Chanba</a> (moved to <a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a> and renamed themselves Guizhou Renhe in 2012)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Chinese Basketball Association">Chinese Basketball Association</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Dongsheng" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaanxi Dongsheng">Shaanxi Dongsheng</a> (moved to <a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a> and renamed themselves Foshan Dralions in 2010).</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television_and_radio">Television and radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Television and radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">China Central Television</a>'s channel 1 through 12 is broadcast nationwide.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Television" title="Shaanxi Television">Shaanxi Television</a> (SXTV), provincial station, broadcasts on eight channels as well as a satellite channel for other provinces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Hao" title="Jin Hao">Shaanxi Radio</a> broadcasts music and news.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in China">List of twin towns and sister cities in China</a></div> <p>Xi'an's <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twin towns and sister cities</a> are: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nara,_Nara" class="mw-redirect" title="Nara, Nara">Nara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nara_Prefecture" title="Nara Prefecture">Nara Prefecture</a>, Japan (1974)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>, Japan (1974)<sup id="cite_ref-Kyoto_twinnings_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kyoto_twinnings-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, United Kingdom (1985)<sup id="cite_ref-Edinburgh_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edinburgh-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Edinburgh_twinning_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edinburgh_twinning-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pau</a>, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>, France (1986)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, United States (1989)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Esfahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Esfahan">Esfahan</a>, Iran (1989)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, Germany (1991)<sup id="cite_ref-RuhrTwins2010_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RuhrTwins2010-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, Pakistan (1992)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Funabashi,_Chiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Funabashi, Chiba">Funabashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture" title="Chiba Prefecture">Chiba</a>, Japan (1994)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a>, Romania (1994)</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Dnipro</a>, Ukraine (1995)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey (1996)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a>, Nepal (1996)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>, Brazil (1997)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt (1997)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, Australia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, Canada (2001)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Argentina" title="Córdoba, Argentina">Córdoba</a>, Argentina (2006)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pompei" title="Pompei">Pompei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a>, Italy (2007)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Greece</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kalamata" title="Kalamata">Kalamata</a>, Greece (2009)</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cusco</a>, Peru</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>, Uzbekistan <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Turkmenistan" title="Mary, Turkmenistan">Mary</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Türkmenistan">Türkmenistan</a> (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)">Victoria</a>, Australia (2015)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kragujevac" title="Kragujevac">Kragujevac</a>, Serbia (2016)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gyumri" title="Gyumri">Gyumri</a>, Armenia (2013)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Taup%C5%8D" title="Taupō">Taupō</a>, New Zealand</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a>, The Netherlands (2011)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a>, Malaysia (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu" title="Kota Kinabalu">Kota Kinabalu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>, Malaysia (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">València</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Land of Valencia</a>, Spain (2020)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">shee-<span style="font-size:90%">AN</span></i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">shee-<span style="font-size:90%">AHN</span></i></a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">西安</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xī'ān</span></i>; <span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ɕí.án]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a2\/Zh-Xi%27an.ogg\/Zh-Xi%27an.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-Xi'an.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/Zh-Xi%27an.ogg/Zh-Xi%27an.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-Xi%27an.ogg" title="File:Zh-Xi'an.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Postal_romanization" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal romanization">alternatively romanized</a> as <b>Sian</b> or <b>Hsi-an</b></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/shaanxi/admin/">"China: Shaanxi"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220103132726/https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/shaanxi/admin/">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China%3A+Shaanxi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fchina%2Fshaanxi%2Fadmin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The GDP figures are from the statistical bulletin on 2022 national economic and social development published by the statistical agencies of relevant cities, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yicai.com/news/101703850.html"><bdi lang="zh">2022年GDP100强城市榜：江苏13市均超4000亿，10强有变化</bdi></a> (in Chinese). yicai.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022%E5%B9%B4GDP100%E5%BC%BA%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E6%A6%9C%EF%BC%9A%E6%B1%9F%E8%8B%8F13%E5%B8%82%E5%9D%87%E8%B6%854000%E4%BA%BF%EF%BC%8C10%E5%BC%BA%E6%9C%89%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96&rft.pub=yicai.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyicai.com%2Fnews%2F101703850.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Reference-AHD-Xi'an" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Xi%27an">"Xi'an"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Xian">the original</a> on April 14, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Xian&rft.btitle=Oxford+Living+English+Dictionary&rft.date=2019-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fus%2FXian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span> (US)</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182318/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xian">"Xian"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D%EF%BC%88%E6%A0%B9%E6%8D%AE2010%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E6%AC%A1%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=www.elivecity.cn&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elivecity.cn%2Fhtml%2Fyijuyanjiu%2Fyijuyanjiu1%2F645.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/qs/2021-09/16/c_1127863567.htm"><bdi lang="zh">经济社会发展统计图表：第七次全国人口普查超大、特大城市人口基本情况</bdi></a>. <i>Qiushi Online</i> (in Chinese). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Qiushi+Online&rft.atitle=%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%9B%BE%E8%A1%A8%EF%BC%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E8%B6%85%E5%A4%A7%E3%80%81%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qstheory.cn%2Fdukan%2Fqs%2F2021-09%2F16%2Fc_1127863567.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encarta-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-encarta_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encarta_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encarta_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080228105855/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572407/Xi%E2%80%99an.html">"Xi'an"</a>. <i>Encarta</i>. September 3, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572407/Xi%E2%80%99an.html">the original</a> on February 28, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Xi%27an+Makes+a+Top+Tourist+Attraction+in+National+Day+Golden+Week&rft.date=2020-10-15&rft.au=Xi%27an+Municipal+People%27s+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fnews-releases%2Fxian-makes-a-top-tourist-attraction-in-national-day-golden-week-301153806.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-br-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-br_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-br_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-br_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-br_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-br_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/542532/Xian">"Xi'an"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081204121315/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/542532/Xian">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globalization+and+World+Cities+Research+Network&rft.atitle=The+World+According+to+GaWC+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lboro.ac.uk%2Fgawc%2Fworld2020t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/2021-05-21/doc-ikmyaawc6745506.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">中国百强城市榜单发布，你的城市上榜了吗？</bdi></a> (in Chinese). Sina. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%99%BE%E5%BC%BA%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E6%A6%9C%E5%8D%95%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83%EF%BC%8C%E4%BD%A0%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%8A%E6%A6%9C%E4%BA%86%E5%90%97%EF%BC%9F&rft.pub=Sina&rft.date=2021-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.sina.com.cn%2Froll%2F2021-05-21%2Fdoc-ikmyaawc6745506.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-36-explore-the-data/gfci-36-rank/">"GFCI 36 Rank - Long Finance"</a>. <i>www.longfinance.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Best+Global+Universities+Rankings+in+Xi%27an&rft.date=2021-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Feducation%2Fbest-global-universities%2Fsearch%3Fcity%3Dxian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.natureindex.com/supplements/nature-index-2018-science-cities/global-city-map">"Nature Index 2018 Science Cities"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nature+Index+2018+Science+Cities&rft.pub=Nature&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.natureindex.com%2Fsupplements%2Fnature-index-2018-science-cities%2Fglobal-city-map&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDu_Halde1736">Du Halde (1736)</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog01duha#page/220/mode/2up">220–1</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDu_Halde1741">Du Halde (1741)</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/generalhistoryof01duha#page/226/mode/2up">227–8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanford1917">Stanford (1917)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023258241#page/n45/mode/2up/">13</a> & <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023258241#page/n79/mode/2up">Index, p. 11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-script"> <bdi lang="zh">《中国古今地名大词典》</bdi> [<i>The Big Dictionary of Old and Current Chinese Placenames</i>], Shanghai: Shanghai Cishu Chubanshe, 2005, p. 1540</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%A4%A7%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8%E3%80%8B&rft.place=Shanghai&rft.pages=1540&rft.pub=Shanghai+Cishu+Chubanshe&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYang2010" class="citation book cs1">Yang, Xiaoping (2010). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pragdhara&rft.atitle=A+Critical+Assessment+of+Early+Agriculture+in+East+Asia%2C+with+emphasis+on+Lower+Yangzte+Rice+Domestication&rft.pages=17-52&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Dorian+Q&rft.au=Qin%2C+Ling&rft.au=Harvey%2C+Emma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homepages.ucl.ac.uk%2F~tcrndfu%2Farticles%2Fchina%2520overview%2520pre.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMengZhangPanHe2011" class="citation journal cs1">Meng, Y; Zhang, HQ; Pan, F; He, ZD; Shao, JL; Ding, Y (2011). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Banpo+Museum+in+Xi%27an&rft.pub=chinamuseums.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinamuseums.com%2Fban_po.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Third scroll of the <i>Chang'an Annals</i> (长安志) interpreted by <a href="/wiki/Huangfu_Mi" title="Huangfu Mi">Huangfu Mi</a> in his <i>Age of the Kings (book)</i> (帝王世紀)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2011年上海中西书局出版《<a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_Bamboo_Slips" title="Tsinghua Bamboo Slips">清华大学藏战国竹简</a>》（贰）：周幽王取妻于西申，生平王，王或（又）取褒人之女，是褒姒，生伯盘。褒姒嬖于王，王与伯盘逐平王，平王走西申。幽王起师，回（围）平王于西申，申人弗畀，曾人乃降西戎，以攻幽王，幽王及伯盘乃灭，周乃亡。邦君、诸正乃立幽王之弟余臣于虢，是携惠王。立廿又一年，晋文侯仇乃杀惠王于虢。周亡王九年，邦君诸侯焉始不朝于周，晋文侯乃逆平王于少鄂，立之于京师。三年，乃东徙，止于成周，晋人焉始启于京师，郑武公亦正东方之诸侯。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/Zuo_Zhuan" title="Zuo Zhuan">左传</a>·僖公二十二年》:初，平王之东迁也，辛有适伊川，见被发而祭于野者，曰:"不及百年，此其戎乎！其礼先亡矣。"秋，秦、晋迁陆浑之戎于伊川。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-diming-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-diming_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"> <bdi lang="zh">中国古今地名大词典</bdi> (in Simplified Chinese). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Emperor+Qin%27s+Terracotta+Army&rft.date=2009-10-09&rft.au=O.+Louis+Mazzatenta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.nationalgeographic.com%2Fscience%2Farchaeology%2Femperor-qin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213031/http://history.cultural-china.com/en/52History6236.html">"Weiyang Palace: the Largest Palace Ever Built on Earth"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.cultural-china.com/en/52History6236.html">the original</a> on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huaxia.com%2Fgd%2Fcsdh%2Fxa%2F2006%2F00459499.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kiang_12-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kiang_12_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kiang, 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hill-108-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hill-108_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hill-108_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hill, Henry, ed (1988). Light from the East: A Symposium on the Oriental Orthodox and Assyrian Churches. Toronto, Canada. pp. 108–109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lhc-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lhc_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2008" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Peter (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/losthistoryofchr00jenk/page/65"><i>The Lost History of Christianity: the Thousand-Year Golden Age of the Church in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia – and How It Died</i></a></span>. New York: Harper Collins. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/losthistoryofchr00jenk/page/65">65</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-147280-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-147280-0"><bdi>978-0-06-147280-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lost+History+of+Christianity%3A+the+Thousand-Year+Golden+Age+of+the+Church+in+the+Middle+East%2C+Africa%2C+and+Asia+%E2%80%93+and+How+It+Died&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-06-147280-0&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flosthistoryofchr00jenk%2Fpage%2F65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://festival.si.edu/2002/the-silk-road/xian-geography-and-history/smithsonian">"Xi'an: Geography & History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New York: <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-20257-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-250-20257-4"><bdi>978-1-250-20257-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+China%3A+The+Epic+History+of+a+World+Power+from+the+Middle+Kingdom+to+Mao+and+the+China+Dream&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=190&rft.edition=First+U.S.&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-250-20257-4&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott2001" class="citation book cs1">Elliott, Mark C. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manchu+Way%3A+The+Eight+Banners+and+Ethnic+Identity+in+Late+Imperial+China&rft.pages=280&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780804746847&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Mark+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_qtgoTIAiKUC%26dq%3DThe%2Bcustoms%2Bat%2BXi%2527an%2Bare%2Bvery%2Bgood%252C%26pg%3DPA280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott2001" class="citation book cs1">Elliott, Mark C. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manchu+Way%3A+The+Eight+Banners+and+Ethnic+Identity+in+Late+Imperial+China&rft.pages=281&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780804746847&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Mark+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_qtgoTIAiKUC%26dq%3DAlthough%2Bthe%2Bcustoms%2Bare%2Bnot%2Bthe%2Bsame%2Bas%2Bin%2Bbygone%2Bdays%252C%2Bthere%2Bis%2Bstill%2Battention%2Bto%2Bskill%2Band%2Bdiligence%26pg%3DPA281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott2001" class="citation book cs1">Elliott, Mark C. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_qtgoTIAiKUC&dq=the+last+bastion+of+Manchu+military+virtue&pg=PA282"><i>The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China</i></a>. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804746847" title="Special:BookSources/9780804746847"><bdi>9780804746847</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230429161556/https://books.google.com/books?id=_qtgoTIAiKUC&dq=the+last+bastion+of+Manchu+military+virtue&pg=PA282">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manchu+Way%3A+The+Eight+Banners+and+Ethnic+Identity+in+Late+Imperial+China&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780804746847&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Mark+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_qtgoTIAiKUC%26dq%3Dthe%2Blast%2Bbastion%2Bof%2BManchu%2Bmilitary%2Bvirtue%26pg%3DPA282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott2001" class="citation book cs1">Elliott, Mark C. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_qtgoTIAiKUC&dq=Xi%27an%27s+%5B+banner%5D+women+who+go+to+the+hot+springs+are+very+numerous%2C+which+greatly+concerns+their+lives%2C+since+many+of+them+now+have+bad+reputations.+It+would+be+best+to+outlaw+this%2C+too.&pg=PA289"><i>The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China</i></a>. Stanford University Press. p. 289. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804746847" title="Special:BookSources/9780804746847"><bdi>9780804746847</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412041505/https://books.google.com/books?id=_qtgoTIAiKUC&dq=Xi%27an%27s+%5B+banner%5D+women+who+go+to+the+hot+springs+are+very+numerous%2C+which+greatly+concerns+their+lives%2C+since+many+of+them+now+have+bad+reputations.+It+would+be+best+to+outlaw+this%2C+too.&pg=PA289">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manchu+Way%3A+The+Eight+Banners+and+Ethnic+Identity+in+Late+Imperial+China&rft.pages=289&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780804746847&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Mark+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_qtgoTIAiKUC%26dq%3DXi%2527an%2527s%2B%255B%2Bbanner%255D%2Bwomen%2Bwho%2Bgo%2Bto%2Bthe%2Bhot%2Bsprings%2Bare%2Bvery%2Bnumerous%252C%2Bwhich%2Bgreatly%2Bconcerns%2Btheir%2Blives%252C%2Bsince%2Bmany%2Bof%2Bthem%2Bnow%2Bhave%2Bbad%2Breputations.%2BIt%2Bwould%2Bbe%2Bbest%2Bto%2Boutlaw%2Bthis%252C%2Btoo.%26pg%3DPA289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">YZMaZPZZ (Yongzheng chao Manwen zhupi zouzhe) 1 22 1, Sumurji, YZ7.R7.24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott2001" class="citation book cs1">Elliott, Mark C. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_qtgoTIAiKUC&dq=Lieutenant+General+Cimbu+found+that+relations+between+bannermen+and+civilians+were+not+at+all+good.&pg=PA224"><i>The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China</i></a>. Stanford University Press. p. 224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804746847" title="Special:BookSources/9780804746847"><bdi>9780804746847</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412041506/https://books.google.com/books?id=_qtgoTIAiKUC&dq=Lieutenant+General+Cimbu+found+that+relations+between+bannermen+and+civilians+were+not+at+all+good.&pg=PA224">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manchu+Way%3A+The+Eight+Banners+and+Ethnic+Identity+in+Late+Imperial+China&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780804746847&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Mark+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_qtgoTIAiKUC%26dq%3DLieutenant%2BGeneral%2BCimbu%2Bfound%2Bthat%2Brelations%2Bbetween%2Bbannermen%2Band%2Bcivilians%2Bwere%2Bnot%2Bat%2Ball%2Bgood.%26pg%3DPA224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott2001" class="citation book cs1">Elliott, Mark C. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_qtgoTIAiKUC&dq=hundred+of+the+seven+thousand+mounted+banner+corps+under+his+com%C2%AD+mand+were+away+on&pg=PA177"><i>The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China</i></a>. Stanford University Press. p. 177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804746847" title="Special:BookSources/9780804746847"><bdi>9780804746847</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230429161625/https://books.google.com/books?id=_qtgoTIAiKUC&dq=hundred+of+the+seven+thousand+mounted+banner+corps+under+his+com%C2%AD+mand+were+away+on&pg=PA177">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manchu+Way%3A+The+Eight+Banners+and+Ethnic+Identity+in+Late+Imperial+China&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780804746847&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Mark+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_qtgoTIAiKUC%26dq%3Dhundred%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bseven%2Bthousand%2Bmounted%2Bbanner%2Bcorps%2Bunder%2Bhis%2Bcom%25C2%25AD%2Bmand%2Bwere%2Baway%2Bon%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol38/34/38-34.pdf">https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol38/34/38-34.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405203748/https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol38/34/38-34.pdf">Archived</a> April 5, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Demographic Research Volume 38, Article 34, Pages 929-966 Published 9 March 2018 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol38/34/">http://www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol38/34/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230416052619/https://www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol38/34/">Archived</a> April 16, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2018.38.34 Research Article Interethnic marriage in Northeast China, 1866–1913 Bijia Chen Cameron Campbell Hao Dong p 937</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ernest_Frank_Borst-Smith_1912-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ernest_Frank_Borst-Smith_1912_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ernest_Frank_Borst-Smith_1912_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ernest Frank Borst-Smith, <i>Caught in the Chinese Revolution: a record of risks and rescue</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/T._Fisher_Unwin" title="T. Fisher Unwin">T. Fisher Unwin</a>, 1912.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossley1991" class="citation book cs1">Crossley, Pamela Kyle (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NUTE8V-WhwoC&pg=PA197"><i>Orphan Warriors: Three Manchu Generations and the End of the Qing World</i></a> (illustrated, reprint ed.). Princeton University Press. p. 197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0691008779" title="Special:BookSources/0691008779"><bdi>0691008779</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230813014007/https://books.google.com/books?id=NUTE8V-WhwoC&pg=PA197">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orphan+Warriors%3A+Three+Manchu+Generations+and+the+End+of+the+Qing+World&rft.pages=197&rft.edition=illustrated%2C+reprint&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0691008779&rft.aulast=Crossley&rft.aufirst=Pamela+Kyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNUTE8V-WhwoC%26pg%3DPA197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBackhouseOtwayBland1914" class="citation book cs1">Backhouse, Sir Edmund; Otway, John; Bland, Percy (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/annalsmemoirsoft002081mbp"><i>Annals & Memoirs of the Court of Peking: (from the 16th to the 20th Century)</i></a> (reprint ed.). Houghton Mifflin. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/annalsmemoirsoft002081mbp/page/n241">209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annals+%26+Memoirs+of+the+Court+of+Peking%3A+%28from+the+16th+to+the+20th+Century%29&rft.pages=209&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1914&rft.aulast=Backhouse&rft.aufirst=Sir+Edmund&rft.au=Otway%2C+John&rft.au=Bland%2C+Percy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fannalsmemoirsoft002081mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mj4wAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA779"><i>The Atlantic, Volume 112</i></a>. Atlantic Monthly Company. 1913. p. 779. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230813014054/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mj4wAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA779">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Atlantic%2C+Volume+112&rft.pages=779&rft.pub=Atlantic+Monthly+Company&rft.date=1913&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMj4wAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA779&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SGACAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA779"><i>The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 112</i></a>. Atlantic Monthly Company. 1913. p. 779.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Atlantic+Monthly%2C+Volume+112&rft.pages=779&rft.pub=Atlantic+Monthly+Company&rft.date=1913&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSGACAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA779&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhoads2000" class="citation book cs1">Rhoads, Edward J. M. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QiM2pF5PDR8C&pg=PA192"><i>Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861–1928</i></a> (illustrated, reprint ed.). University of Washington Press. p. 192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0295980400" title="Special:BookSources/0295980400"><bdi>0295980400</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manchus+and+Han%3A+Ethnic+Relations+and+Political+Power+in+Late+Qing+and+Early+Republican+China%2C+1861%E2%80%931928&rft.pages=192&rft.edition=illustrated%2C+reprint&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0295980400&rft.aulast=Rhoads&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQiM2pF5PDR8C%26pg%3DPA192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhoads2000" class="citation book cs1">Rhoads, Edward J. M. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QiM2pF5PDR8C&pg=PA193"><i>Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861–1928</i></a> (illustrated, reprint ed.). University of Washington Press. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0295980400" title="Special:BookSources/0295980400"><bdi>0295980400</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manchus+and+Han%3A+Ethnic+Relations+and+Political+Power+in+Late+Qing+and+Early+Republican+China%2C+1861%E2%80%931928&rft.pages=193&rft.edition=illustrated%2C+reprint&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0295980400&rft.aulast=Rhoads&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQiM2pF5PDR8C%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzgeraldKotker1969" class="citation book cs1">Fitzgerald, Charles Patrick; Kotker, Norman (1969). Kotker, Norman (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vPRxAAAAMAAJ&q=manchu+girls"><i>The Horizon history of China</i></a> (illustrated ed.). American Heritage Pub. Co. p. 365. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780828100052" title="Special:BookSources/9780828100052"><bdi>9780828100052</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Horizon+history+of+China&rft.pages=365&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=American+Heritage+Pub.+Co.&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=9780828100052&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=Charles+Patrick&rft.au=Kotker%2C+Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvPRxAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dmanchu%2Bgirls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_J._M._Rhoads2000" class="citation book cs1">Edward J. M. Rhoads (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OXQkDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Old+and+young,+men+and+women,+little+children,+were+alike+butchered.%22&pg=PA191"><i>Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861–1928</i></a>. University of Washington. p. 191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780295980409" title="Special:BookSources/9780295980409"><bdi>9780295980409</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230621222349/https://books.google.com/books?id=OXQkDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Old+and+young,+men+and+women,+little+children,+were+alike+butchered.%22&pg=PA191">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manchus+and+Han%3A+Ethnic+Relations+and+Political+Power+in+Late+Qing+and+Early+Republican+China%2C+1861%E2%80%931928&rft.pages=191&rft.pub=University+of+Washington&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780295980409&rft.au=Edward+J.+M.+Rhoads&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOXQkDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522Old%2Band%2Byoung%2C%2Bmen%2Band%2Bwomen%2C%2Blittle%2Bchildren%2C%2Bwere%2Balike%2Bbutchered.%2522%26pg%3DPA191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guo Rugui, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">《中国抗日战争正面战场作战记》 ,第二部分：从"九一八"事变到西安事变绥远抗战的巨大影响和军事上的经验</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF蔡" class="citation web cs1">蔡, 乔治. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209070913/http://flyingtiger-cacw.com/gb_902.htm">"第五大队副队长岑泽鎏"</a>. <i>flyingtiger-cacw.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://flyingtiger-cacw.com/gb_902.htm">the original</a> on February 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2021</span>. <q>1938年3月8日，在山西风陵渡炸敌。11日，参加西安空战。4月26日，在湖北孝感与僚机合力击落敌机一架。29日，在武汉击伤敌机一架。5月11日，在安徽蒙城炸毁敌军阵地。20日，在河南仪封炸敌阵地，座机中弹百余发，仍勉力飞回。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=flyingtiger-cacw.com&rft.atitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%9F%E5%89%AF%E9%98%9F%E9%95%BF+%E5%B2%91%E6%B3%BD%E9%8E%8F&rft.aulast=%E8%94%A1&rft.aufirst=%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fflyingtiger-cacw.com%2Fgb_902.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYang2016" class="citation web cs1">Yang, HX (October 13, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513154722/http://www.bestchinanews.com/History/6613.html">"Why did not the Japanese army occupied Shaanxi?"</a>. <i>www.bestchinanews.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bestchinanews.com/History/6613.html">the original</a> on May 13, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2021</span>. <q>While Xian became one of the main targets of the Japanese bombing campaign of the 8 years of war, with Japanese aircraft bombing of Shaanxi 560 times, injuring and killing thousands of people, the Japanese basically have not been able to take Xian, nor occupy any land in Shaanxi.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bestchinanews.com&rft.atitle=Why+did+not+the+Japanese+army+occupied+Shaanxi%3F&rft.date=2016-10-13&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=HX&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bestchinanews.com%2FHistory%2F6613.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707042857/http://www.xa.gov.cn/zwgk/content/content_zwzy1402525_1.htm"><bdi lang="zh">西安市历史沿革</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). City of Xi'an. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xa.gov.cn/zwgk/content/content_zwzy1402525_1.htm">the original</a> on July 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%82%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft.pub=City+of+Xi%27an&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xa.gov.cn%2Fzwgk%2Fcontent%2Fcontent_zwzy1402525_1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarquisQiao2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marquis" title="Christopher Marquis">Marquis, Christopher</a>; Qiao, Kunyuan (2022). <i>Mao and Markets: The Communist Roots of Chinese Enterprise</i>. New Haven: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv3006z6k">10.2307/j.ctv3006z6k</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-26883-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-26883-6"><bdi>978-0-300-26883-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv3006z6k">j.ctv3006z6k</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1348572572">1348572572</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:253067190">253067190</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mao+and+Markets%3A+The+Communist+Roots+of+Chinese+Enterprise&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctv3006z6k%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv3006z6k&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1348572572&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A253067190%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.isbn=978-0-300-26883-6&rft.aulast=Marquis&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Qiao%2C+Kunyuan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sinapatriot-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sinapatriot_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sina.com.cn/pl/2012-09-16/000025182748.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">打砸抢烧不是爱国是害民</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Youth_Daily" title="Beijing Youth Daily">Beijing Youth Daily</a></i> (in Simplified Chinese). September 16, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422190004/http://news.sina.com.cn/pl/2012-09-16/000025182748.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Beijing+Youth+Daily&rft.atitle=%E6%89%93%E7%A0%B8%E6%8A%A2%E7%83%A7%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%98%AF%E5%AE%B3%E6%B0%91&rft.date=2012-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sina.com.cn%2Fpl%2F2012-09-16%2F000025182748.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sg.news.yahoo.com/photos/demonstrators-hold-chinese-flags-banners-beside-overturned-car-photo-094258536.html">"Xi'an Protesters Overturn Cars"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Xi%27an+Protesters+Overturn+Cars&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsg.news.yahoo.com%2Fphotos%2Fdemonstrators-hold-chinese-flags-banners-beside-overturned-car-photo-094258536.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/15/anti-japan-protests_n_1886427.html">"Anti-Japan Protests In China Swell, Turn Violent"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i>. September 15, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050324/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/15/anti-japan-protests_n_1886427.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Anti-Japan+Protests+In+China+Swell%2C+Turn+Violent&rft.date=2012-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2012%2F09%2F15%2Fanti-japan-protests_n_1886427.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaipei2021" class="citation web cs1">Taipei, Rhoda Kwan in (December 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/27/covid-cases-rise-in-xian-as-china-battles-biggest-community-outbreak-since-2020">"Covid cases rise in Xi'an as China battles biggest community outbreak since 2020"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220105090152/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/27/covid-cases-rise-in-xian-as-china-battles-biggest-community-outbreak-since-2020">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Covid+cases+rise+in+Xi%27an+as+China+battles+biggest+community+outbreak+since+2020&rft.date=2021-12-27&rft.aulast=Taipei&rft.aufirst=Rhoda+Kwan+in&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fdec%2F27%2Fcovid-cases-rise-in-xian-as-china-battles-biggest-community-outbreak-since-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20211224_16">"13 million people under lockdown in Xi'an, China"</a>. <i>NHK</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225160055/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20211224_16/">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NHK&rft.atitle=13+million+people+under+lockdown+in+Xi%27an%2C+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww3.nhk.or.jp%2Fnhkworld%2Fen%2Fnews%2F20211224_16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnbc_20211222-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnbc_20211222_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheng2021" class="citation news cs1">Cheng, Evelyn (December 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/23/major-chinese-city-locks-down-to-control-covid-outbreak.html">"Major Chinese city locks down to control Covid outbreak"</a>. <i>CNBC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220104022529/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/23/major-chinese-city-locks-down-to-control-covid-outbreak.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Major+Chinese+city+locks+down+to+control+Covid+outbreak&rft.date=2021-12-22&rft.aulast=Cheng&rft.aufirst=Evelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2021%2F12%2F23%2Fmajor-chinese-city-locks-down-to-control-covid-outbreak.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/01/05/china-covid-xian-lockdown-miscarriage/">"Tales of anguish emerge from China's locked-down Xian, as hospitals demand patients be covid-free"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220105114103/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/01/05/china-covid-xian-lockdown-miscarriage/">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Tales+of+anguish+emerge+from+China%27s+locked-down+Xian%2C+as+hospitals+demand+patients+be+covid-free&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2F01%2F05%2Fchina-covid-xian-lockdown-miscarriage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/china/china-is-determined-to-make-the-winter-olympics-go-smoothly/21807403">"China is determined to make the Winter Olympics go smoothly"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">Economist</a></i> (published January 29, 2022). January 26, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220202150018/https://www.economist.com/china/china-is-determined-to-make-the-winter-olympics-go-smoothly/21807403">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Economist&rft.atitle=China+is+determined+to+make+the+Winter+Olympics+go+smoothly&rft.date=2022-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fchina%2Fchina-is-determined-to-make-the-winter-olympics-go-smoothly%2F21807403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">《史记·留侯世家》</span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (May 2020)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130318113757/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger">"无标题文档"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag%3DdataLogger">the original</a> on March 18, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A0%E6%A0%87%E9%A2%98%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdc.cma.gov.cn%2FdataSetLogger.do%3FchangeFlag%253DdataLogger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mherrera-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mherrera_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mherrera_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm">"Extreme Temperatures Around the World"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140804202145/http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extreme+Temperatures+Around+the+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mherrera.org%2Ftemp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404203050792315805">"中国各地城市的历史最低气温"</a>. <i>weibo.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=weibo.com&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%8E%E6%B0%94%E6%B8%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweibo.com%2Fttarticle%2Fp%2Fshow%3Fid%3D2309404203050792315805&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cma_graphical-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cma_graphical_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html"><bdi lang="zh">中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180905194950/http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BD%91+%E2%80%93+WeatherBk+Data&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.cma.cn%2Fdata%2FweatherBk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps">"Experience Template" <bdi lang="zh">CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020)</bdi></a> (in Chinese). <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Experience+Template+CMA%E5%8F%B0%E7%AB%99%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%80%BC%281991-2020%29&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexperience.arcgis.com%2Ftemplate%2Fe724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55%2Fpage%2F%25E7%25BA%25AF%25E8%25A1%25A8%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E7%25BB%259F%25E8%25AE%25A1-%28%25E5%25AF%25B9%25E6%25AF%25948110%25E5%258F%2598%25E5%258C%2596%29%2F%3Forg%3DUQmaps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CMA-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CMA_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090716061113/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/index3.jsp?tpcat=SURF&dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&pageid=3"><bdi lang="zh">中国气象局国家气象信息中心</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a>. June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/index3.jsp?tpcat=SURF&dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&pageid=3">the original</a> on July 16, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%B1%80+%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft.date=2011-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdc.cma.gov.cn%2Fshuju%2Findex3.jsp%3Ftpcat%3DSURF%26dsid%3DSURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES%26pageid%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.ac.cn/jianjie/1.htm">NTSC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001755/http://www.time.ac.cn/jianjie/1.htm">Archived</a> March 4, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 国家授时中心简介</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xatj.gov.cn-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xatj.gov.cn_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604012728/http://www.xatj.gov.cn/ptl/def/def/index_923_6225_ci_trid_2005876.html"><bdi lang="zh">西安市2015年国民经济和社会发展统计公报</bdi></a>. <i>www.xatj.gov.cn/</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xatj.gov.cn/ptl/def/def/index_923_6225_ci_trid_2005876.html">the original</a> on June 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.xatj.gov.cn%2F&rft.atitle=%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%822015%E5%B9%B4%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xatj.gov.cn%2Fptl%2Fdef%2Fdef%2Findex_923_6225_ci_trid_2005876.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xianpop-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-xianpop_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xianpop_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xianpop_78-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070322151526/http://www.xa.gov.cn/cenweb/xagov/xazl/xazonglan.jsp?flag=3"><bdi lang="zh">西安人口</bdi></a> [Xi'an population] (in Chinese). City of Xi'an. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xa.gov.cn/cenweb/xagov/xazl/xazonglan.jsp?flag=3">the original</a> on March 22, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft.pub=City+of+Xi%27an&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xa.gov.cn%2Fcenweb%2Fxagov%2Fxazl%2Fxazonglan.jsp%3Fflag%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oecd2015-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oecd2015_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015_9789264230040-en#page39"><i>OECD Urban Policy Reviews: China 2015, OECD READ edition</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">OECD</a>. April 18, 2015. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1787%2F9789264230040-en">10.1787/9789264230040-en</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789264230033" title="Special:BookSources/9789264230033"><bdi>9789264230033</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2306-9341">2306-9341</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170327210032/http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015_9789264230040-en#page39">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=OECD+Urban+Policy+Reviews%3A+China+2015%2C+OECD+READ+edition&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=OECD&rft.date=2015-04-18&rft.issn=2306-9341&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1787%2F9789264230040-en&rft.isbn=9789264230033&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keepeek.com%2FDigital-Asset-Management%2Foecd%2Furban-rural-and-regional-development%2Foecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015_9789264230040-en%23page39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span>Linked from the OECD here <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.oecd.org/china/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015-9789264230040-en.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171209044027/http://www.oecd.org/china/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015-9789264230040-en.htm">Archived</a> December 9, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf">"World urban areas"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180503021711/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 3, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+urban+areas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demographia.com%2Fdb-worldua.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xi'an_2010_permanent-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Xi'an_2010_permanent_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140220070842/http://epaper.xiancn.com/xawb/html/2011-05/25/content_37285.htm"><bdi lang="zh">西安市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报</bdi></a> (in Chinese). Xi'an Evening News (<span lang="zh-Hans">西安晚报</span>). May 25, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.xiancn.com/xawb/html/2011-05/25/content_37285.htm">the original</a> on February 20, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%822010%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=Xi%27an+Evening+News+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+simplified+Chinese-language+text%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E6%99%9A%E6%8A%A5%3C%2Fspan%3E%29&rft.date=2011-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepaper.xiancn.com%2Fxawb%2Fhtml%2F2011-05%2F25%2Fcontent_37285.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">People's Republic of China County-level Division Population Statistics (<span lang="zh-Hans">《中华人民共和国全国分县市人口统计资料2010》</span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120407065847/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjbz/cxfldm/2011/index.html"><bdi lang="zh">国家统计局统计用区划代码</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China">National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China</a>. 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjbz/cxfldm/2011/index.html">the original</a> on April 7, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjbz%2Fcxfldm%2F2011%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCáo_Yùzhēn_曹玉珍2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cáo Yùzhēn 曹玉珍, ed. 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Zhōngguó tǒngjì chūbǎn shè. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6310-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6310-6"><bdi>978-7-5037-6310-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gu%C3%ACy%C3%A1ng+t%C7%92ngj%C3%AC+ni%C3%A1nji%C3%A0n+2011+%E8%B4%B5%E9%98%B3%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B42011&rft.pub=Zh%C5%8Dnggu%C3%B3+t%C7%92ngj%C3%AC+ch%C5%ABb%C7%8En+sh%C3%A8&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-6310-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears (July 2020)">pages needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChén_Yuèliáng_陈越良2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Chén Yuèliáng 陈越良, ed. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bus-info.cn/index.php?c=article&id=2946">the original</a> on August 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bus-info.cn&rft.atitle=-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%AC%E4%BA%A4%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bus-info.cn%2Findex.php%3Fc%3Darticle%26id%3D2946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF小雪2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script">小雪, 翟 (July 4, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140912162652/http://epaper.xiancn.com/xawb/html/2014-07/04/content_308336.htm"><bdi lang="zh">西安机动车数量突破200万辆</bdi></a>. 西安晚报. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.xiancn.com/xawb/html/2014-07/04/content_308336.htm">the original</a> on September 12, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8A%A8%E8%BD%A6%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4200%E4%B8%87%E8%BE%86&rft.date=2014-07-04&rft.aulast=%E5%B0%8F%E9%9B%AA&rft.aufirst=%E7%BF%9F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepaper.xiancn.com%2Fxawb%2Fhtml%2F2014-07%2F04%2Fcontent_308336.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnr-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnr_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnr_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnr.cn/newscenter/gnxw/201109/t20110916_508511548.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">西安地铁二号线开通西安迈入"地铁时代"</bdi></a> [Xi'an Metro line brings Xi'an into the "metro era"]. <i>China National Radio</i> (in Simplified Chinese). Beijing. September 16, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121008133817/http://www.cnr.cn/newscenter/gnxw/201109/t20110916_508511548.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on October 8, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+National+Radio&rft.atitle=%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E5%BC%80%E9%80%9A+%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E8%BF%88%E5%85%A5%22%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%81%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%22&rft.date=2006-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnr.cn%2Fnewscenter%2Fgnxw%2F201109%2Ft20110916_508511548.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111114040547/http://www.xametro.gov.cn/xwshow.asp?id=1065"><bdi lang="zh">市政府召开西安地铁开通试运营新闻发布会</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). September 16, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xametro.gov.cn/xwshow.asp?id=1065">the original</a> on November 14, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B8%82%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%8F%AC%E5%BC%80%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%81%E5%BC%80%E9%80%9A%E8%AF%95%E8%BF%90%E8%90%A5%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83%E4%BC%9A&rft.date=2011-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xametro.gov.cn%2Fxwshow.asp%3Fid%3D1065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103231053/http://www.travelchinaguide.com/news/show.asp?nid=306">"Xian: the Building of Subway to Start This Year"</a>. <i>Travel China Guide</i>. 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November 29, 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xa.gov.cn/xw/xayw/5fea8612f8fd1c5966581a21.html">the original</a> on November 23, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xi%27an+Government&rft.atitle=%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%815%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF6%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%9F9%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E5%BC%80%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%90%E8%90%A5+%E7%8E%8B%E6%B5%A9%E8%83%A1%E6%B6%A6%E6%B3%BD%E9%9F%A9%E6%9D%BE%E5%87%BA%E5%B8%AD%E4%BB%AA%E5%BC%8F+%E6%9D%8E%E6%98%8E%E8%BF%9C%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E9%80%9A%E8%BD%A6&rft.date=2020-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xa.gov.cn%2Fxw%2Fxayw%2F5fea8612f8fd1c5966581a21.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://china-emu.cn/EMUs/Metro/Model/?M-609-T.html">"CCD5066动车组 - 动车组列车 - 记录动车组列车发展历程——慧伊创新科技（北京）有限公司"</a>. <i>china-emu.cn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%8F%E5%90%83-%E7%BE%8A%E8%82%89%E6%B3%A1%E9%A6%8D&rft.pub=News.xinhuanet.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Ffood%2F2004-05%2F14%2Fcontent_1470562.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001047/http://portuguese.cri.cn/135/2008/02/08/1@83413.htm">"China promove programas diversificados durante o Festival da Primavera"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">China Radio International</a></i>. February 8, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portuguese.cri.cn/135/2008/02/08/1@83413.htm">the original</a> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Radio+International&rft.atitle=China+promove+programas+diversificados+durante+o+Festival+da+Primavera&rft.date=2008-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportuguese.cri.cn%2F135%2F2008%2F02%2F08%2F1%4083413.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fportuguese.cri.cn%2F135%2F2008%2F02%2F08%2F1@83413.htm">English</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117034335/http://translate.google.com/translate?js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fportuguese.cri.cn%2F135%2F2008%2F02%2F08%2F1@83413.htm">Archived</a> November 17, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529052153/http://english.people.com.cn/200701/14/eng20070114_341080.html">"Chinese opera The First Emperor transmitted live into theaters worldwide"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i>. January 14, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.people.com.cn/200701/14/eng20070114_341080.html">the original</a> on May 29, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily&rft.atitle=Chinese+opera+The+First+Emperor+transmitted+live+into+theaters+worldwide&rft.date=2007-01-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.people.com.cn%2F200701%2F14%2Feng20070114_341080.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuet_Chau2006" class="citation book cs1">Yuet Chau, Adam (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6puW1nI2o7EC&q=qinqiang&pg=PA53"><i>Miraculous response: doing popular religion in contemporary China</i></a>. Stanford University Press. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804767651" title="Special:BookSources/9780804767651"><bdi>9780804767651</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102151857/https://books.google.com/books?id=6puW1nI2o7EC&pg=PA53&dq=qinqiang#v=onepage&q=qinqiang&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miraculous+response%3A+doing+popular+religion+in+contemporary+China&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780804767651&rft.aulast=Yuet+Chau&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6puW1nI2o7EC%26q%3Dqinqiang%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Palmer, The Jesus Sutras: Rediscovering the Lost Religion of Taoist Christianity, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7499-2250-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7499-2250-8">0-7499-2250-8</a>, 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fleming_(writer)" title="Peter Fleming (writer)">Fleming, Peter</a> (1936) <i><a href="/wiki/News_from_Tartary" title="News from Tartary">News from Tartary</a></i>. London: Jonathan Cape; pp. 46–48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shorrock1926-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shorrock1926_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShorrock1926" class="citation book cs1">Shorrock, Arthur Gostick (1926). <i>Shensi in Sunshine and Shade</i>. Shanghai: Presbyterian Mission Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shensi+in+Sunshine+and+Shade&rft.place=Shanghai&rft.pub=Presbyterian+Mission+Press&rft.date=1926&rft.aulast=Shorrock&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Gostick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DuncanPapers-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DuncanPapers_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131011225707/http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/10/1004.htm">"Duncan Papers (Mundus Gateway to missionary collections in the United Kingdom)"</a>. Angus Library, Regents Park College. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/10/1004.htm">the original</a> on October 11, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Duncan+Papers+%28Mundus+Gateway+to+missionary+collections+in+the+United+Kingdom%29&rft.pub=Angus+Library%2C+Regents+Park+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mundus.ac.uk%2Fcats%2F10%2F1004.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burt1925-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burt1925_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurt1925" class="citation book cs1">Burt, Ernest Whitby (1925). <i>Fifty Years in China: The Story of the Baptist Mission in Shantung, Shansi, and Shensi, 1875–1925</i>. London: The Carey Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fifty+Years+in+China%3A+The+Story+of+the+Baptist+Mission+in+Shantung%2C+Shansi%2C+and+Shensi%2C+1875%E2%80%931925&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Carey+Press&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=Ernest+Whitby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glover1914-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glover1914_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlover,_Richard1914" class="citation book cs1">Glover, Richard (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924023085982"><i>Herbert Stanley Jenkins, medical missionary, Shensi, China: with some notices of the work of the Baptist Missionary Society in that country (1914)</i></a>. London: Carey Press. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-524-07100-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-524-07100-7"><bdi>978-0-524-07100-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307011738/https://archive.org/details/cu31924023085982">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herbert+Stanley+Jenkins%2C+medical+missionary%2C+Shensi%2C+China%3A+with+some+notices+of+the+work+of+the+Baptist+Missionary+Society+in+that+country+%281914%29&rft.place=London&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=Carey+Press&rft.date=1914&rft.isbn=978-0-524-07100-7&rft.au=Glover%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924023085982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan1900-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duncan1900_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan,_Moir_Black1900" class="citation book cs1">Duncan, Moir Black (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pts_missionarymailto_3721-1233"><i>The missionary mail to faithful friends and candid critics (the substance of letters written from Shên His)</i></a>. London: Elliot Stock. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780524102336" title="Special:BookSources/9780524102336"><bdi>9780524102336</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+missionary+mail+to+faithful+friends+and+candid+critics+%28the+substance+of+letters+written+from+Sh%C3%AAn+His%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Elliot+Stock&rft.date=1900&rft.isbn=9780524102336&rft.au=Duncan%2C+Moir+Black&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpts_missionarymailto_3721-1233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhang" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">Zhang, Zhizhong. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/2002/Dec/247418.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中国七大中心城市人口资源大调查</bdi></a> [Population survey of the seven central cities of China]. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%A4%A7%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5&rft.pub=National+Family+Planning+Commission&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Zhizhong&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.com.cn%2Fchinese%2F2002%2FDec%2F247418.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muslim2china.com/china-mosques/list-Xian.html">Mosques in Xian</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170430042345/http://www.muslim2china.com/china-mosques/list-xian.html">Archived</a> April 30, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from www.muslim2china.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chinacenter-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chinacenter_122-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chinacenter_122-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalcott,_Susan2010" class="citation web cs1">Walcott, Susan (April 17, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinacenter.net/developing-western-china-xians-maturing-economy-and-the-role-of-producer-services/">"Xi'an's Maturing Economy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206191326/https://www.chinacenter.net/2010/china_currents/9-1/developing-western-china-xians-maturing-economy-and-the-role-of-producer-services/">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Xi%27an%27s+Maturing+Economy&rft.date=2010-04-17&rft.au=Walcott%2C+Susan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinacenter.net%2Fdeveloping-western-china-xians-maturing-economy-and-the-role-of-producer-services%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/1390382/china-gross-domestic-product-gdp-of-xian/">"China: Xi'an GDP 2022"</a>. <i>Statista</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Report%3A+Xi%27an&rft.date=2007-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allroadsleadtochina.com%2F2007%2F01%2F17%2Fcity-report-xian%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GFCI-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GFCI_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longfinance.net/media/documents/GFCI_28_Full_Report_2020.09.25_v1.1.pdf">"The Global Financial Centres Index 28"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Long Finance. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edinburgh+%E2%80%93+Twin+and+Partner+Cities&rft.pub=2008+The+City+of+Edinburgh+Council%2C+City+Chambers%2C+High+Street%2C+Edinburgh%2C+EH1+1YJ+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edinburgh.gov.uk%2Finternet%2Fcity_living%2FCEC_twin_and_partner_cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edinburgh_twinning-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Edinburgh_twinning_144-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614133841/http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/info/695/council_information_performance_and_statistics/685/european_international_and_parliamentary_relations/3">"Twin and Partner Cities"</a>. City of Edinburgh Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/info/695/council_information_performance_and_statistics/685/european_international_and_parliamentary_relations/3">the original</a> on June 14, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twin+and+Partner+Cities&rft.pub=City+of+Edinburgh+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edinburgh.gov.uk%2Finfo%2F695%2Fcouncil_information_performance_and_statistics%2F685%2Feuropean_international_and_parliamentary_relations%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RuhrTwins2010-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RuhrTwins2010_145-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225064042/http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd">"List of Twin Towns in the Ruhr District"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Twins2010.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Twin+Towns+in+the+Ruhr+District&rft.pub=Twins2010.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twins2010.com%2Ffileadmin%2Fuser_upload%2Fpic%2FDokumente%2FList_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf%3FPHPSESSID%3D2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gundogar-news.com/index.php?category_id=3&news_id=2915">"Города побратимы для Туркменистана - Общество"</a>. <i>Гундогар</i> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211120174951/http://www.gundogar-news.com/index.php?category_id=3">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+-+%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgundogar-news.com%2Findex.php%3Fcategory_id%3D3%26news_id%3D2915&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170306213846/http://www.asiaseia.org/portfolio/sister-cities-officially-formalized-between-penang-malaysia-and-xian-shaanxi-china/">"Sister City Partnership Officially Formalized Between Penang, Malaysia, and Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China"</a>. <i>SEIA</i>. October 27, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiaseia.org/portfolio/sister-cities-officially-formalized-between-penang-malaysia-and-xian-shaanxi-china/">the original</a> on March 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SEIA&rft.atitle=Sister+City+Partnership+Officially+Formalized+Between+Penang%2C+Malaysia%2C+and+Xi%27an%2C+Shaanxi+Province%2C+China&rft.date=2014-10-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiaseia.org%2Fportfolio%2Fsister-cities-officially-formalized-between-penang-malaysia-and-xian-shaanxi-china%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190926020611/https://www.sabahnewstoday.com/proposed-twinning-of-kota-kinabalu-and-xian-as-sister-cities/?lang=en">"Proposed Twinning of Kota Kinabalu and Xi'an as Sister Cities"</a>. Sabah News Today. June 4, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sabahnewstoday.com/proposed-twinning-of-kota-kinabalu-and-xian-as-sister-cities/?lang=en">the original</a> on September 26, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proposed+Twinning+of+Kota+Kinabalu+and+Xi%27an+as+Sister+Cities&rft.pub=Sabah+News+Today&rft.date=2019-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabahnewstoday.com%2Fproposed-twinning-of-kota-kinabalu-and-xian-as-sister-cities%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190926020828/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/07/23/dbkk-xian-association-to-sign-mou/">"DBKK, X'ian association to sign MoU"</a>. <i>The Borneo Post</i>. July 23, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/07/23/dbkk-xian-association-to-sign-mou/">the original</a> on September 26, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Borneo+Post&rft.atitle=DBKK%2C+X%27ian+association+to+sign+MoU&rft.date=2019-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2019%2F07%2F23%2Fdbkk-xian-association-to-sign-mou%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDu_Halde1736" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Du_Halde" title="Jean-Baptiste Du Halde">Du Halde, Jean-Baptiste</a> (1736), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/descriptiongog01duha"><i>Description Géographique, Historique, Chronologique, Politique, et Physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie Chinoise</i></a> [<i>A Geographical, Historical, Chronological, Political, and Physical Description of the Empire of China and Chinese Tartary</i>] (in French), The Hague: H. Scheurleer</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+G%C3%A9ographique%2C+Historique%2C+Chronologique%2C+Politique%2C+et+Physique+de+l%27Empire+de+la+Chine+et+de+la+Tartarie+Chinoise&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.pub=H.+Scheurleer&rft.date=1736&rft.aulast=Du+Halde&rft.aufirst=Jean-Baptiste&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdescriptiongog01duha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDu_Halde1741" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Du_Halde" title="Jean-Baptiste Du Halde">Du Halde, Jean-Baptiste</a> (1741), Brookes, Richard (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/generalhistoryof01duha#page/n5/mode/2up"><i>The General History of China</i></a> (3rd ed.), London: J. Watts</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+General+History+of+China&rft.place=London&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=J.+Watts&rft.date=1741&rft.aulast=Du+Halde&rft.aufirst=Jean-Baptiste&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgeneralhistoryof01duha%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeng1999" class="citation cs2">Heng Chye Kiang (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BIgS4p8NykYC"><i>Cities of Aristocrats and Bureaucrats: The Development of Medieval Chinese Cityscapes</i></a>, Singapore: Singapore University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-223-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-223-0"><bdi>978-9971-69-223-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+Aristocrats+and+Bureaucrats%3A+The+Development+of+Medieval+Chinese+Cityscapes&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=Singapore+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-9971-69-223-0&rft.aulast=Heng&rft.aufirst=Chye+Kiang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBIgS4p8NykYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanford1917" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanford" title="Edward Stanford">Stanford, Edward</a> (1917), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023258241#page/n3/mode/2up"><i>Complete Atlas of China</i></a> (2nd ed.), London: <a href="/wiki/China_Inland_Mission" class="mw-redirect" title="China Inland Mission">China Inland Mission</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complete+Atlas+of+China&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=China+Inland+Mission&rft.date=1917&rft.aulast=Stanford&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcu31924023258241%23page%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoo1964" class="citation cs2">Woo, J.K. (1964), "A Newly Discovered Mandible of the Sinanthropus Type: Sinanthropus Lantianensis", <i>Scientia Sinica</i>, <b>13</b>: 801–811, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14170540">14170540</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientia+Sinica&rft.atitle=A+Newly+Discovered+Mandible+of+the+Sinanthropus+Type%3A+Sinanthropus+Lantianensis&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=801-811&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14170540&rft.aulast=Woo&rft.aufirst=J.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXi%27an" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Xi%27an" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Xi'an">Xi'an</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hsi-an" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Hsi-an">Hsi-an</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Sian">Sian</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Xian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Xian">Xian</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xa.gov.cn/">Xi'an City Government official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407005021/http://www.xa.gov.cn/">Archived</a> April 7, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160122100314/http://www.xdz.com.cn/">Xi'an National Hi-tech Development Zone</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientchina.org.uk/xian">Xi'an in Chinese history</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141010010612/http://www.ancientchina.org.uk/xian/">Archived</a> October 10, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Xi'an</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89" class="extiw" title="c:西安">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/19px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/29px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pinyin/Xi%27an" class="extiw" title="b:Pinyin/Xi'an">Textbooks</a></b> from Wikibooks</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Xi%27an" class="extiw" title="voy:Xi'an">Travel guides</a></b> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yin_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yin (city)">Yin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of China</a> (as Hao) </b><br />1046–771 BC </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of China</a> (as <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a>) </b><br />206 BC – 25 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of China</a> (as <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a>) </b><br />190–196 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jiankang" title="Jiankang">Jiankang</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of China</a> (as <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Daxing</a>) </b><br />581–618 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">itself, as <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">itself, as <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Daxing</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of China</a> (as <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a>) </b><br />618–907 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Xi&#039;an" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Xi%27an" title="Template:Xi'an"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Xi%27an" title="Template talk:Xi'an"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Xi%27an" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Xi'an"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Xi&#039;an" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xi'an</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lianhu,_Xi%27an" title="Lianhu, Xi'an">Lianhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xincheng,_Xi%27an" title="Xincheng, Xi'an">Xincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beilin,_Xi%27an" title="Beilin, Xi'an">Beilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqiao,_Xi%27an" title="Baqiao, Xi'an">Baqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weiyang,_Xi%27an" title="Weiyang, Xi'an">Weiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanta,_Xi%27an" title="Yanta, Xi'an">Yanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanliang,_Xi%27an" title="Yanliang, Xi'an">Yanliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lintong,_Xi%27an" title="Lintong, Xi'an">Lintong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27an,_Xi%27an" title="Chang'an, Xi'an">Chang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoling,_Xi%27an" title="Gaoling, Xi'an">Gaoling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huyi,_Xi%27an" title="Huyi, Xi'an">Huyi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Subdivisions_of_Xi%27an-China.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Xi'an"><img alt="Xi'an" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Subdivisions_of_Xi%27an-China.png/100px-Subdivisions_of_Xi%27an-China.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Subdivisions_of_Xi%27an-China.png/150px-Subdivisions_of_Xi%27an-China.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Subdivisions_of_Xi%27an-China.png/200px-Subdivisions_of_Xi%27an-China.png 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="326" /></a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lantian_County" title="Lantian County">Lantian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhouzhi_County" title="Zhouzhi County">Zhouzhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_wall_of_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="City wall of Xi'an">City wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daming_Palace" title="Daming Palace">Daming Palace National Heritage Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_the_First_Qin_Emperor" title="Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor">Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Terracotta Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Tower_of_Xi%27an" title="Bell Tower of Xi'an">Bell Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27an_Flower" title="Chang'an Flower">Chang'an Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_Tower_of_Xi%27an" title="Drum Tower of Xi'an">Drum Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_Wild_Goose_Pagoda" title="Giant Wild Goose Pagoda">Giant Wild Goose Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Wild_Goose_Pagoda" title="Small Wild Goose Pagoda">Small Wild Goose Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stele_Forest" title="Stele Forest">Stele Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingjiao_Temple" title="Xingjiao Temple">Xingjiao Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banpo" title="Banpo">Banpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianling_Mausoleum" title="Qianling Mausoleum">Qianling Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_West_Market_Museum" title="Tang West Market Museum">Tang West Market Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qinqiang" title="Qinqiang">Qinqiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Jiaotong_University" title="Xi'an Jiaotong University">Xi'an Jiaotong University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xidian_University" title="Xidian University">Xidian University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Polytechnical_University" title="Northwestern Polytechnical University">Northwestern Polytechnical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_University_(China)" title="Northwest University (China)">Northwest University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27an_University" title="Chang'an University">Chang'an University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Normal_University" title="Shaanxi Normal University">Shaanxi Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_University_of_Architecture_and_Technology" title="Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology">Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_University_of_Technology" title="Xi'an University of Technology">Xi'an University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Shiyou_University" title="Xi'an Shiyou University">Xi'an Shiyou University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_International_Studies_University" title="Xi'an International Studies University">Xi'an International Studies University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_University_of_Political_Science_and_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest University of Political Science and Law">Northwest University of Political Science and Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Xi'an University of Science and Technology">Xi'an University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an_Institute_of_Post_%26_Telecommunications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xi'an Institute of Post & Telecommunications (page does not exist)">Xi'an Institute of Post & Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an_University_of_Finance_and_Economics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xi'an University of Finance and Economics (page does not exist)">Xi'an University of Finance and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Polytechnic_University" title="Xi'an Polytechnic University">Xi'an Polytechnic University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Xi'an Conservatory of Music">Xi'an Conservatory of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an_Physical_Education_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xi'an Physical Education Institute (page does not exist)">Xi'an Physical Education Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an_Technological_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xi'an Technological University (page does not exist)">Xi'an Technological University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an_Academy_of_Fine_Arts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xi'an Academy of Fine Arts (page does not exist)">Xi'an Academy of Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaanxi_Institute_of_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaanxi Institute of Education (page does not exist)">Shaanxi Institute of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an_Institute_of_Arts_and_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xi'an Institute of Arts and Science (page does not exist)">Xi'an Institute of Arts and Science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Metro" title="Xi'an Metro">Xi'an Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_railway_station" title="Xi'an railway station">Xi'an railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_North_railway_station" title="Xi'an North railway station">Xi'an North railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Xianyang_International_Airport" title="Xi'an Xianyang International Airport">Xi'an Xianyang International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_210" title="China National Highway 210">China National Highway 210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_211" title="China National Highway 211">China National Highway 211</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_312" title="China National Highway 312">China National Highway 312</a></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Closed" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Xiguan_Airport" title="Xi'an Xiguan Airport">Xi'an Xiguan Airport</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Shaanxi_Province" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shaanxi" title="Template:Shaanxi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shaanxi" title="Template talk:Shaanxi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shaanxi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shaanxi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Shaanxi_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Shaanxi" title="List of administrative divisions of Shaanxi">County-level divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xi'an</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial city</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Xi&#039;an" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xi'an</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xincheng_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Xincheng District, Xi'an">Xincheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lianhu District">Lianhu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beilin_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Beilin District, Xi'an">Beilin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Baqiao District">Baqiao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weiyang_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Weiyang District, Xi'an">Weiyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanta_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanta District">Yanta District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanliang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanliang District">Yanliang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lintong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lintong District">Lintong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27an_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Chang'an District, Xi'an">Chang'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaoling District">Gaoling District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huyi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huyi District">Huyi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lantian_County" title="Lantian County">Lantian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhouzhi_County" title="Zhouzhi County">Zhouzhi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaozhou_District" title="Yaozhou District">Yaozhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangyi_District" title="Wangyi District">Wangyi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yintai_District" title="Yintai District">Yintai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yijun_County" title="Yijun County">Yijun County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weibin_District,_Baoji" title="Weibin District, Baoji">Weibin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jintai_District" title="Jintai District">Jintai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chencang_District" title="Chencang District">Chencang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengxiang_District" title="Fengxiang District">Fengxiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qishan_County" title="Qishan County">Qishan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fufeng_County" title="Fufeng County">Fufeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mei_County,_Shaanxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mei County, Shaanxi">Mei County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_County,_Shaanxi" title="Long County, Shaanxi">Long County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianyang_County" title="Qianyang County">Qianyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyou_County" title="Linyou County">Linyou County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_County,_Shaanxi" title="Feng County, Shaanxi">Feng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taibai_County" title="Taibai County">Taibai County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qindu_District" title="Qindu District">Qindu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weicheng_District,_Xianyang" title="Weicheng District, Xianyang">Weicheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangling_District" title="Yangling District">Yangling District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingping" title="Xingping">Xingping</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou,_Shaanxi" title="Binzhou, Shaanxi">Binzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanyuan_County" title="Sanyuan County">Sanyuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingyang_County" title="Jingyang County">Jingyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_County" title="Qian County">Qian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquan_County" title="Liquan County">Liquan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongshou_County" title="Yongshou County">Yongshou County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changwu_County" title="Changwu County">Changwu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunyi_County" title="Xunyi County">Xunyi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunhua_County" title="Chunhua County">Chunhua County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugong_County" title="Wugong County">Wugong County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linwei_District" title="Linwei District">Linwei District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhou_District" title="Huazhou District">Huazhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayin" title="Huayin">Huayin</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancheng" title="Hancheng">Hancheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongguan_County" title="Tongguan County">Tongguan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_County" title="Dali County">Dali County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pucheng_County,_Shaanxi" title="Pucheng County, Shaanxi">Pucheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengcheng_County" title="Chengcheng County">Chengcheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishui_County" title="Baishui County">Baishui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyang_County" title="Heyang County">Heyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuping_County,_Shaanxi" title="Fuping County, Shaanxi">Fuping County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baota_District" title="Baota District">Baota District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansai_District" title="Ansai District">Ansai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zichang,_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Zichang, China">Zichang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanchang_County" title="Yanchang County">Yanchang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanchuan_County" title="Yanchuan County">Yanchuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhidan_County" title="Zhidan County">Zhidan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuqi_County" title="Wuqi County">Wuqi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganquan_County" title="Ganquan County">Ganquan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_County" title="Fu County">Fu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luochuan_County" title="Luochuan County">Luochuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichuan_County,_Shaanxi" title="Yichuan County, Shaanxi">Yichuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanglong_County" title="Huanglong County">Huanglong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangling_County" title="Huangling County">Huangling County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hantai_District" title="Hantai District">Hantai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanzheng_District" title="Nanzheng District">Nanzheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenggu_County" title="Chenggu County">Chenggu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_County" title="Yang County">Yang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xixiang_County" title="Xixiang County">Xixiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mian_County" title="Mian County">Mian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningqiang_County" title="Ningqiang County">Ningqiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCeyang_County" title="Lüeyang County">Lüeyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenba_County" title="Zhenba County">Zhenba County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuba_County" title="Liuba County">Liuba County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foping_County" title="Foping County">Foping County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuyang_District" title="Yuyang District">Yuyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshan_District,_Yulin" title="Hengshan District, Yulin">Hengshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenmu" title="Shenmu">Shenmu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugu_County" title="Fugu County">Fugu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingbian_County" title="Jingbian County">Jingbian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingbian_County" title="Dingbian County">Dingbian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suide_County" title="Suide County">Suide County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizhi_County" title="Mizhi County">Mizhi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_County,_Shaanxi" title="Jia County, Shaanxi">Jia County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wubu_County" title="Wubu County">Wubu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingjian_County" title="Qingjian County">Qingjian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zizhou_County" title="Zizhou County">Zizhou County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanbin_District" title="Hanbin District">Hanbin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunyang,_Shaanxi" title="Xunyang, Shaanxi">Xunyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanyin_County" title="Hanyin County">Hanyin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiquan_County" title="Shiquan County">Shiquan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningshan_County" title="Ningshan County">Ningshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang_County" title="Ziyang County">Ziyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langao_County" title="Langao County">Langao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingli_County" title="Pingli County">Pingli County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenping_County,_Shaanxi" title="Zhenping County, Shaanxi">Zhenping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baihe_County" title="Baihe County">Baihe County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangzhou_District" title="Shangzhou District">Shangzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luonan_County" title="Luonan County">Luonan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danfeng_County" title="Danfeng County">Danfeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangnan_County" title="Shangnan County">Shangnan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanyang_County" title="Shanyang County">Shanyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhen%27an_County" title="Zhen'an County">Zhen'an County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhashui_County" title="Zhashui County">Zhashui County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Largest_cities_in_ShaanxiSource:_China_Urban_Construction_Statistical_Yearbook_2018_Urban_Population_and_Urban_Temporary_Population" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_Shaanxi" title="Template:Most populous cities in Shaanxi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Most_populous_cities_in_Shaanxi" title="Template talk:Most populous cities in Shaanxi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_Shaanxi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Most populous cities in Shaanxi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Largest_cities_in_ShaanxiSource:_China_Urban_Construction_Statistical_Yearbook_2018_Urban_Population_and_Urban_Temporary_Population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Largest cities in Shaanxi<br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;font-size:90%;">Source: <i>China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018</i> Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tangchengqiang_park.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Xi'an"><img alt="Xi'an" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Tangchengqiang_park.JPG/120px-Tangchengqiang_park.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Tangchengqiang_park.JPG/180px-Tangchengqiang_park.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Tangchengqiang_park.JPG/240px-Tangchengqiang_park.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xi'an</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%92%B8%E9%98%B3%E5%8F%A4%E6%A1%A5.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Xianyang"><img alt="Xianyang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%E5%92%B8%E9%98%B3%E5%8F%A4%E6%A1%A5.JPG/120px-%E5%92%B8%E9%98%B3%E5%8F%A4%E6%A1%A5.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%E5%92%B8%E9%98%B3%E5%8F%A4%E6%A1%A5.JPG/180px-%E5%92%B8%E9%98%B3%E5%8F%A4%E6%A1%A5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%E5%92%B8%E9%98%B3%E5%8F%A4%E6%A1%A5.JPG/240px-%E5%92%B8%E9%98%B3%E5%8F%A4%E6%A1%A5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xi'an</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,866,100</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Xingping" title="Xingping">Xingping</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">225,800 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_Zhonghua_Shigu_Park_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E7%9F%B3%E9%BC%93%E5%9B%AD)_on_Baoji.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baoji"><img alt="Baoji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/View_from_Zhonghua_Shigu_Park_%28%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E7%9F%B3%E9%BC%93%E5%9B%AD%29_on_Baoji.jpg/120px-View_from_Zhonghua_Shigu_Park_%28%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E7%9F%B3%E9%BC%93%E5%9B%AD%29_on_Baoji.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/View_from_Zhonghua_Shigu_Park_%28%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E7%9F%B3%E9%BC%93%E5%9B%AD%29_on_Baoji.jpg/180px-View_from_Zhonghua_Shigu_Park_%28%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E7%9F%B3%E9%BC%93%E5%9B%AD%29_on_Baoji.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/View_from_Zhonghua_Shigu_Park_%28%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E7%9F%B3%E9%BC%93%E5%9B%AD%29_on_Baoji.jpg/240px-View_from_Zhonghua_Shigu_Park_%28%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E7%9F%B3%E9%BC%93%E5%9B%AD%29_on_Baoji.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%A6%86%E6%9E%97%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Yulin"><img alt="Yulin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/%E6%A6%86%E6%9E%97%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E.JPG/120px-%E6%A6%86%E6%9E%97%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/%E6%A6%86%E6%9E%97%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E.JPG/180px-%E6%A6%86%E6%9E%97%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/%E6%A6%86%E6%9E%97%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E.JPG/240px-%E6%A6%86%E6%9E%97%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,023,100</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Shenmu" title="Shenmu">Shenmu</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">211,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">893,200</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hancheng" title="Hancheng">Hancheng</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">173,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">631,100</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yangling_District" title="Yangling District"><i>Yangling</i></a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">154,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">569,500</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Huayin" title="Huayin">Huayin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">115,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">551,600</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Binzhou,_Shaanxi" title="Binzhou, Shaanxi">Binzhou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">114,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">416,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">413,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">350,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">262,500 </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" title="Prefecture-level divisions of China">Prefecture-level divisions of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Notes: *<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_current_and_former_capitals_of_the_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the current and former capitals of the subdivisions of China">Provincial capitals</a></b>, ★<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_municipalities" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a>, ☆<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_autonomous_prefecture" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture</a> <i>*<a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub prefectural-level divisions</a></i>, ✧"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparatively_larger_city&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparatively larger city (page does not exist)">Comparatively larger city</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%82" class="extiw" title="zh:较大的市">zh</a>]</span>" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">较大的市</span></span>) as approved by the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei"><b>Hefei</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou"><b>Fuzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou"><b>Lanzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxia_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Linxia (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gannan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Gannan (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou"><b>Guangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang"><b>Guiyang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianxinan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiannan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiandongnan_Miao_and_Dong_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture">Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou"><b>Haikou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City"><i>Wuzhishan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai"><i>Qionghai</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang"><i>Wenchang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning"><i>Wanning</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan"><i>Dongfang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ding%27an_County" title="Ding'an County"><i>Ding'an County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tunchang_County" title="Tunchang County"><i>Tunchang County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Chengmai_County" title="Chengmai County"><i>Chengmai County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingao_County" title="Lingao County"><i>Lingao County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baisha_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Baisha Li Autonomous County"><i>Baisha County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Changjiang_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Changjiang Li Autonomous County"><i>Changjiang County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ledong_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Ledong Li Autonomous County"><i>Ledong County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingshui_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Lingshui Li Autonomous County"><i>Lingshui County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baoting_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Baoting County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qiongzhong_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Qiongzhong County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang"><b>Shijiazhuang</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou"><b>Zhengzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan"><i>Jiyuan</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan"><b>Wuhan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Enshi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao"><i>Xiantao</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei"><i>Qianjiang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen"><i>Tianmen</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia"><i>Shennongjia Forestry District</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin"><b>Harbin</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxing%27anling_Prefecture" title="Daxing'anling Prefecture">Daxing'anling Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha"><b>Changsha</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun"><b>Changchun</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanbian_Korean_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture">Yanbian (Korean)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing"><b>Nanjing</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang"><b>Nanchang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang"><b>Shenyang</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining"><b>Xining</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haibei_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haibei (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangnan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Huangnan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Hainan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golog_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushu_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Yushu (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haixi_Mongol_and_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu"><b>Chengdu</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawa_Tibetan_and_Qiang_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture">Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garz%C3%AA_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Liangshan (Yi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a class="mw-selflink selflink"><b>Xi'an</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan"><b>Jinan</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan"><b>Taiyuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei"><i><b>Taibei</b></i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Gaoxiong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei" class="mw-redirect" title="New Taipei">Xinbei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taizhong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan,_Taiwan" title="Taoyuan, Taiwan">Taoyuan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming"><b>Kunming</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Chuxiong (Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghe_Hani_and_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Honghe (Hani and Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_Zhuang_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishuangbanna_Dai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture">Xishuangbanna (Dai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_Bai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture">Dali (Bai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehong_Dai_and_Jingpo_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture">Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nujiang_Lisu_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture">Nujiang (Lisu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AAq%C3%AAn_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Dêqên (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou"><b>Hangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous <br />regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning"><b>Nanning</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan"><b>Yinchuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner <br />Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot"><b>Hohhot</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng "Ulankhad"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur "Bayannao'er"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinggan_League" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilingol_League" title="Xilingol League">Xilingol League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alxa_League" title="Alxa League">Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi"><b>Ürümqi</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changji_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Changji (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bortala_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bortala (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayingolin_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bayingolin (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)</a></li> <li>( ☆<a href="/wiki/Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture">Ili (Kazakh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng_Prefecture" title="Tacheng Prefecture">Tacheng Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_Prefecture" title="Altay Prefecture">Altay Prefecture</a> )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_Prefecture" title="Aksu Prefecture">Aksu Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan_Prefecture" title="Hotan Prefecture">Hotan Prefecture</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi"><i>Shihezi</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang"><i>Aral</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk"><i>Tumxuk</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu"><i>Wujiaqu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Beitun,_Xinjiang" title="Beitun, Xinjiang"><i>Beitun</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City"><i>Tiemenguan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe"><i>Shuanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala"><i>Kokdala</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang"><i>Kunyu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Huyanghe" title="Huyanghe"><i>Huyanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xinxing,_Xinjiang" title="Xinxing, Xinjiang"><i>Xinxing</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)"><b>Lhasa</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse "Xigazê"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo "Qamdo"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi "Linzhi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_prefectures_in_China" title="List of prefectures in China"><i>List of prefectures in China</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China"><i>List of cities in China</i></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metropolitan_cities_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template talk:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metropolitan_cities_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" title="List of cities in China by population">Metropolitan cities of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_metropolitan_regions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">Major metropolitan regions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jing-Jin-Ji" title="Jing-Jin-Ji">Jing-Jin-Ji (BJ-TJ-HE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_Greater_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area">Greater Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta (SH-JS-ZJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongyuan_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongyuan Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Zhongyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chengyu_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chengyu Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Chengyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross-Strait_Western_Coastal_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross-Strait Western Coastal Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Cross-Strait Western Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanzhong_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanzhong Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Guanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid-Southern_Liaoning_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid-Southern Liaoning Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Mid-Southern Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_Peninsula_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shandong Peninsula Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Shandong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangtze_River_Midstream_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangtze River Midstream Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major cities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">National Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a><sup>a2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a><sup>a2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">Regional Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial capitals<br />(<a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taibei</a></i><sup>5</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous regional capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparatively large cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prefecture-level_cities_by_province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shijiazhuang*</li> <li>Tangshan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li>Handan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Taiyuan*</li> <li>Datong*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hohhot*</li> <li>Baotou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shenyang*</li> <li>Dalian*</li> <li>Anshan*</li> <li>Fushun*</li> <li>Benxi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changchun*</li> <li>Jilin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Harbin*</li> <li>Qiqihar*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yīchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanjing*</li> <li>Wuxi*</li> <li>Xuzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>Suzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Tàizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hangzhou*</li> <li>Ningbo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Tāizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hefei*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li>Huainan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Sùzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fuzhou*</li> <li>Xiamen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanchang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yíchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fǔzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jinan*</li> <li>Qingdao*</li> <li>Zibo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiwu" title="Laiwu">Laiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Zhengzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li>Luoyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuhan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changsha*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guangzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li>Shenzhen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanning*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yùlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Haikou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chengdu*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guiyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kunming*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lhasa*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xi'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yúlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lanzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yinchuan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ürümqi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_cities_(partly_shown_below)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Other cities</a> (partly shown below)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectures of China">Prefecture-level capitals</a><br />(County-level)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ulanhot" title="Ulanhot">Ulanhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilinhot" title="Xilinhot">Xilinhot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiagedaqi_District" title="Jiagedaqi District">Jiagedaqi</a><sup>3</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_City" title="Enshi City">Enshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jishou" title="Jishou">Jishou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>：<a href="/wiki/Xichang" title="Xichang">Xichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangding" title="Kangding">Kangding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkam" title="Barkam">Barkam</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xingyi,_Guizhou" title="Xingyi, Guizhou">Xingyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_City" title="Kaili City">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duyun" title="Duyun">Duyun</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_City" title="Chuxiong City">Chuxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzi_City" title="Mengzi City">Mengzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_City" title="Wenshan City">Wenshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinghong" title="Jinghong">Jinghong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_City" title="Dali City">Dali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangshi" title="Mangshi">Mangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangri-La,_Yunnan" title="Shangri-La, Yunnan">Shangri-La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushui" title="Lushui">Lushui</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>: <a href="/wiki/Linxia_City" title="Linxia City">Linxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezuo" title="Hezuo">Hezuo</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yushu_City,_Qinghai" title="Yushu City, Qinghai">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delingha" title="Delingha">Delingha</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>: <a href="/wiki/Changji" title="Changji">Changji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bole,_Xinjiang" title="Bole, Xinjiang">Bole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korla" title="Korla">Korla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yining" title="Yining">Yining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artush" title="Artush">Artush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_City" title="Aksu City">Aksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Hotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng" title="Tacheng">Tacheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_City" title="Altay City">Altay</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Province-governed cities<br />(Sub-prefecture-level)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao">Xiantao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei">Qiánjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen">Tianmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia">Shennongjia</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City">Wuzhishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai">Qionghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang">Wenchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning">Wanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan">Dongfang</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> - <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps">XPCC(Bingtuan) cities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi">Shihezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang">Aral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk">Tumxuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu">Wujiaqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitun_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitun City">Beitun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City">Tiemenguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe">Shuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala">Kokdala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang">Kunyu</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectures of China">Former Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a>，<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongchuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongchuan District">Dongchuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shashi District">Shashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling District">Fuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou District">Wanxian</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub-prefecture-level cities</a><br />(Prefecture-governed)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qian%27an,_Hebei" title="Qian'an, Hebei">Qian'an, Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzhouli" title="Manzhouli">Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erenhot" title="Erenhot">Erenhot, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golmud" title="Golmud">Golmud, Qinghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="County-level_cities_by_province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinji" title="Xinji">Xinji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou,_Hebei" title="Jinzhou, Hebei">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinle,_Hebei" title="Xinle, Hebei">Xinle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunhua" title="Zunhua">Zunhua</a></li> <li>Qian'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%27an" title="Wu'an">Wu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangong" title="Nangong">Nangong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahe,_Hebei" title="Shahe, Hebei">Shahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuozhou" title="Zhuozhou">Zhuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingzhou" title="Dingzhou">Dingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguo" title="Anguo">Anguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaobeidian" title="Gaobeidian">Gaobeidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botou" title="Botou">Botou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renqiu" title="Renqiu">Renqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanghua" title="Huanghua">Huanghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejian" title="Hejian">Hejian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhou,_Hebei" title="Bazhou, Hebei">Bazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhe,_Hebei" title="Sanhe, Hebei">Sanhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_City" title="Shenzhou City">Shenzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujiao" title="Gujiao">Gujiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucheng_District,_Changzhi" title="Lucheng District, Changzhi">Lucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoping" title="Gaoping">Gaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiexiu" title="Jiexiu">Jiexiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongji,_Shanxi" title="Yongji, Shanxi">Yongji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejin" title="Hejin">Hejin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanping" title="Yuanping">Yuanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma,_Shanxi" title="Houma, Shanxi">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huozhou" title="Huozhou">Huozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoyi" title="Xiaoyi">Xiaoyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenyang" title="Fenyang">Fenyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holingol" title="Holingol">Holingol</a></li> <li>Manzhouli*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakeshi" title="Yakeshi">Yakeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalantun" title="Zalantun">Zhalantun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergun_City" title="Ergun City">Ergun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genhe" title="Genhe">Genhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengzhen" title="Fengzhen">Fengzhen</a></li> <li>Ulanhot*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arxan" title="Arxan">Arxan</a></li> <li>Erenhot*</li> <li>Xilinhot*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafangdian" title="Wafangdian">Wafangdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuanghe" title="Zhuanghe">Zhuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haicheng,_Liaoning" title="Haicheng, Liaoning">Haicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donggang,_Liaoning" title="Donggang, Liaoning">Donggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Liaoning" title="Fengcheng, Liaoning">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linghai" title="Linghai">Linghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beizhen" title="Beizhen">Beizhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaizhou" title="Gaizhou">Gaizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiqiao" title="Dashiqiao">Dashiqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengta" title="Dengta">Dengta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaobingshan" title="Diaobingshan">Diaobingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Liaoning" title="Kaiyuan, Liaoning">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipiao" title="Beipiao">Beipiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyuan" title="Lingyuan">Lingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingcheng" title="Xingcheng">Xingcheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yushu,_Jilin" title="Yushu, Jilin">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehui" title="Dehui">Dehui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaohe,_Jilin" title="Jiaohe, Jilin">Jiaohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huadian,_Jilin" title="Huadian, Jilin">Huadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulan" title="Shulan">Shulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panshi" title="Panshi">Panshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangliao" title="Shuangliao">Shuangliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an,_Jilin" title="Ji'an, Jilin">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linjiang" title="Linjiang">Linjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu,_Jilin" title="Fuyu, Jilin">Fuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taonan" title="Taonan">Taonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%27an,_Jilin" title="Da'an, Jilin">Da'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanji" title="Yanji">Yanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumen,_Jilin" title="Tumen, Jilin">Tumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhua" title="Dunhua">Dunhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunchun" title="Hunchun">Hunchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjing,_Jilin" title="Longjing, Jilin">Longjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helong" title="Helong">Helong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangzhi" title="Shangzhi">Shangzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuchang District">Wuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehe" title="Nehe">Nehe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulin" title="Hulin">Hulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishan" title="Mishan">Mishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieli" title="Tieli">Tieli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongjiang,_Heilongjiang" title="Tongjiang, Heilongjiang">Tongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujin_City" title="Fujin City">Fujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyuan,_Heilongjiang" title="Fuyuan, Heilongjiang">Fuyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suifenhe" title="Suifenhe">Suifenhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailin" title="Hailin">Hailin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ning%27an" title="Ning'an">Ning'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muling" title="Muling">Muling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongning,_Heilongjiang" title="Dongning, Heilongjiang">Dongning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bei%27an" title="Bei'an">Bei'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudalianchi" title="Wudalianchi">Wudalianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anda,_Heilongjiang" title="Anda, Heilongjiang">Anda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaodong" title="Zhaodong">Zhaodong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailun" title="Hailun">Hailun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyin" title="Jiangyin">Jiangyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yixing" title="Yixing">Yixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Jiangsu" title="Xinyi, Jiangsu">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizhou" title="Pizhou">Pizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liyang" title="Liyang">Liyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiagang" title="Zhangjiagang">Zhangjiagang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunshan" title="Kunshan">Kunshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taicang" title="Taicang">Taicang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidong,_Jiangsu" title="Qidong, Jiangsu">Qidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugao" title="Rugao">Rugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Haimen">Haimen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongtai" title="Dongtai">Dongtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Yizheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoyou" title="Gaoyou">Gaoyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danyang,_Jiangsu" title="Danyang, Jiangsu">Danyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhong" title="Yangzhong">Yangzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurong,_Jiangsu" title="Jurong, Jiangsu">Jurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingjiang" title="Jingjiang">Jingjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taixing" title="Taixing">Taixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinghua,_Jiangsu" title="Xinghua, Jiangsu">Xinghua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiande" title="Jiande">Jiande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin'an District">Lin'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyao" title="Yuyao">Yuyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixi,_Zhejiang" title="Cixi, Zhejiang">Cixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenghua District">Fenghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui%27an" title="Rui'an">Rui'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueqing" title="Yueqing">Yueqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haining" title="Haining">Haining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghu" title="Pinghu">Pinghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongxiang" title="Tongxiang">Tongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuji" title="Zhuji">Zhuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengzhou" title="Shengzhou">Shengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanxi,_Zhejiang" title="Lanxi, Zhejiang">Lanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiwu" title="Yiwu">Yiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongyang" title="Dongyang">Dongyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongkang,_Zhejiang" title="Yongkang, Zhejiang">Yongkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangshan" title="Jiangshan">Jiangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenling" title="Wenling">Wenling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linhai" title="Linhai">Linhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longquan" title="Longquan">Longquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieshou" title="Jieshou">Jieshou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongcheng,_Anhui" title="Tongcheng, Anhui">Tongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianchang" title="Tianchang">Tianchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingguang" title="Mingguang">Mingguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningguo" title="Ningguo">Ningguo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing" title="Fuqing">Fuqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changle_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changle District">Changle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong%27an" title="Yong'an">Yong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishi,_Fujian" title="Shishi, Fujian">Shishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinjiang,_Fujian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinjiang, Fujian">Jinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan%27an,_Fujian" title="Nan'an, Fujian">Nan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhai City">Longhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaowu" title="Shaowu">Shaowu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyishan,_Fujian" title="Wuyishan, Fujian">Wuyishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian%27ou" title="Jian'ou">Jian'ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangping" title="Zhangping">Zhangping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu%27an" title="Fu'an">Fu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuding" title="Fuding">Fuding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leping" title="Leping">Leping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruichang" title="Ruichang">Ruichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongqingcheng" title="Gongqingcheng">Gongqingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushan_City" title="Lushan City">Lushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guixi" title="Guixi">Guixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruijin" title="Ruijin">Ruijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggangshan_City" title="Jinggangshan City">Jinggangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Jiangxi" title="Fengcheng, Jiangxi">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangshu" title="Zhangshu">Zhangshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao%27an" title="Gao'an">Gao'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexing,_Jiangxi" title="Dexing, Jiangxi">Dexing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Zhangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City">Jiaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District">Jimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laixi" title="Laixi">Laixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengzhou" title="Tengzhou">Tengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Longkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyang" title="Laiyang">Laiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou" title="Laizhou">Laizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai, Shandong">Penglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoyuan,_Shandong" title="Zhaoyuan, Shandong">Zhaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia,_Shandong" title="Qixia, Shandong">Qixia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiyang" title="Haiyang">Haiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Zhucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shouguang" title="Shouguang">Shouguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqiu" title="Anqiu">Anqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaomi" title="Gaomi">Gaomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyi,_Shandong" title="Changyi, Shandong">Changyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoucheng" title="Zoucheng">Zoucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xintai" title="Xintai">Xintai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feicheng" title="Feicheng">Feicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushan,_Shandong" title="Rushan, Shandong">Rushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoling" title="Laoling">Laoling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucheng,_Shandong" title="Yucheng, Shandong">Yucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linqing" title="Linqing">Linqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gongyi" title="Gongyi">Gongyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinmi" title="Xinmi">Xinmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi">Yanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Henan" title="Wugang, Henan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Ruzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzhou,_Henan" title="Linzhou, Henan">Linzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihui" title="Weihui">Weihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huixian" title="Huixian">Huixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinyang" title="Qinyang">Qinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzhou" title="Mengzhou">Mengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changge" title="Changge">Changge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yima,_Henan" title="Yima, Henan">Yima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingbao_City" title="Lingbao City">Lingbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_City" title="Xiangcheng City">Xiangcheng</a></li> <li>Jiyuan*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daye" title="Daye">Daye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danjiangkou" title="Danjiangkou">Danjiangkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidu" title="Yidu">Yidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangyang" title="Dangyang">Dangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhijiang,_Hubei" title="Zhijiang, Hubei">Zhijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laohekou" title="Laohekou">Laohekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaoyang" title="Zaoyang">Zaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng,_Hubei" title="Yicheng, Hubei">Yicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongxiang" title="Zhongxiang">Zhongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingcheng" title="Yingcheng">Yingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anlu" title="Anlu">Anlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanchuan" title="Hanchuan">Hanchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishou" title="Shishou">Shishou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghu" title="Honghu">Honghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songzi" title="Songzi">Songzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macheng" title="Macheng">Macheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxue" title="Wuxue">Wuxue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibi,_Hubei" title="Chibi, Hubei">Chibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangshui" title="Guangshui">Guangshui</a></li> <li>Enshi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichuan,_Hubei" title="Lichuan, Hubei">Lichuan</a></li> <li>Xiantao*</li> <li>Qianjiang*</li> <li>Tianmen*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang">Liuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liling" title="Liling">Liling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxiang" title="Xiangxiang">Xiangxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoshan" title="Shaoshan">Shaoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiyang" title="Leiyang">Leiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changning,_Hunan" title="Changning, Hunan">Changning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Hunan" title="Wugang, Hunan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miluo_City" title="Miluo City">Miluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxiang,_Hunan" title="Linxiang, Hunan">Linxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshi_City" title="Jinshi City">Jinshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanjiang" title="Yuanjiang">Yuanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zixing" title="Zixing">Zixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongjiang" title="Hongjiang">Hongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengshuijiang" title="Lengshuijiang">Lengshuijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyuan" title="Lianyuan">Lianyuan</a></li> <li>Jishou*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lechang" title="Lechang">Lechang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanxiong" title="Nanxiong">Nanxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiping" title="Kaiping">Kaiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Enping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianjiang,_Guangdong" title="Lianjiang, Guangdong">Lianjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou" title="Leizhou">Leizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchuan,_Guangdong" title="Wuchuan, Guangdong">Wuchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaozhou" title="Gaozhou">Gaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhou,_Guangdong" title="Huazhou, Guangdong">Huazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Guangdong" title="Xinyi, Guangdong">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihui" title="Sihui">Sihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingning,_Guangdong" title="Xingning, Guangdong">Xingning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufeng,_Guangdong" title="Lufeng, Guangdong">Lufeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangchun" title="Yangchun">Yangchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingde" title="Yingde">Yingde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianzhou" title="Lianzhou">Lianzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puning" title="Puning">Puning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoding" title="Luoding">Luoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cenxi" title="Cenxi">Cenxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongxing,_Guangxi" title="Dongxing, Guangxi">Dongxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiping" title="Guiping">Guiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiliu" title="Beiliu">Beiliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingxi,_Guangxi" title="Jingxi, Guangxi">Jingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Yi Prefecture (Guangxi)">Yizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangxi" title="Heshan, Guangxi">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang,_Guangxi" title="Pingxiang, Guangxi">Pingxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuzhishan*</li> <li>Qionghai*</li> <li>Wenchang*</li> <li>Wanning*</li> <li>Dongfang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_City" title="Dujiangyan City">Dujiangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengzhou" title="Pengzhou">Pengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_City" title="Qionglai City">Qionglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzhou" title="Chongzhou">Chongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianyang,_Sichuan" title="Jianyang, Sichuan">Jianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanghan" title="Guanghan">Guanghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifang" title="Shifang">Shifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianzhu" title="Mianzhu">Mianzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyou" title="Jiangyou">Jiangyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeishan_City" title="Emeishan City">Emeishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langzhong" title="Langzhong">Langzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaying" title="Huaying">Huaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanyuan" title="Wanyuan">Wanyuan</a></li> <li>Barkam*</li> <li>Kangding*</li> <li>Xichang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhen" title="Qingzhen">Qingzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chishui_City" title="Chishui City">Chishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renhuai" title="Renhuai">Renhuai</a></li> <li>Xingyi*</li> <li>Kaili*</li> <li>Duyun*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuquan,_Guizhou" title="Fuquan, Guizhou">Fuquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anning,_Yunnan" title="Anning, Yunnan">Anning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwei" title="Xuanwei">Xuanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengchong" title="Tengchong">Tengchong</a></li> <li>Chuxiong*</li> <li>Mengzi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gejiu" title="Gejiu">Gejiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Yunnan" title="Kaiyuan, Yunnan">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_City" title="Mile City">Mile</a></li> <li>Wenshan*</li> <li>Jinghong*</li> <li>Dali*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruili" title="Ruili">Ruili</a></li> <li>Mangshi*</li> <li>Lushui*</li> <li>Shangri-La*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(none)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xingping" title="Xingping">Xingping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancheng" title="Hancheng">Hancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayin" title="Huayin">Huayin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a></li> <li>Linxia*</li> <li>Hezuo*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yushu*</li> <li>Golmud*</li> <li>Delingha*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingwu" title="Lingwu">Lingwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingtongxia" title="Qingtongxia">Qingtongxia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changji*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukang" title="Fukang">Fukang</a></li> <li>Bole*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alashankou" title="Alashankou">Alashankou</a></li> <li>Korla*</li> <li>Aksu*</li> <li>Artush*</li> <li>Kashgar*</li> <li>Hotan*</li> <li>Yining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuytun" title="Kuytun">Kuytun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorgas">Korgas</a></li> <li>Tacheng*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusu" title="Wusu">Wusu</a></li> <li>Altay*</li> <li>Shihezi*</li> <li>Aral*</li> <li>Tumxuk*</li> <li>Wujiaqu*</li> <li>Beitun*</li> <li>Tiemenguan*</li> <li>Shuanghe*</li> <li>Kokdala*</li> <li>Kunyu*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Notes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">Notes</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">* Indicates this city has already occurred above.<br /> <p><sup>a</sup><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a>. <sup>b</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals</a>. <sup>c</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Separate state-planning cities</a>. <sup>1</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special economic-zone cities</a>. <sup>2</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Open coastal cities</a>.<br /> <sup>3</sup>Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by <a href="/wiki/Oroqen_Autonomous_Banner" title="Oroqen Autonomous Banner">Oroqen Autonomous Banner</a>, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it.<br /> <sup>4</sup>Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China.<br /> <sup>5</sup>The claimed province of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a> no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See <a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan</a> instead.<br /> </p> All provincial capitals are listed first in prefecture-level cities by province.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_China_by_jurisdiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_China" title="Template:Provincial capitals of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provincial_capitals_of_China" title="Template talk:Provincial capitals of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial capitals of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_China_by_jurisdiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_China" title="List of capitals in China">Capitals of China by jurisdiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <p><b>National:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">PRC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a></li></ul> <p><b>Provinces:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">AH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">FJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a> (PRC) / <span style="color:black;background:lightpink"><a href="/wiki/Jincheng,_Kinmen" title="Jincheng, Kinmen">Jincheng</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fuchien_Province,_Republic_of_China" title="Fuchien Province, Republic of China">ROC</a>¹)</span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">GD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">GS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">GZ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">HA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">HB</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">HE</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">HI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">HL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">HN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">JL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">JS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">JX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">LN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">QH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">SC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">SD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">SN</a></b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xi'an</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">SX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><span style="color:black;background:lightpink"><b><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">TW</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> (PRC)¹ / <a href="/wiki/Zhongxing_New_Village" title="Zhongxing New Village">Zhongxing NV</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">ROC</a>)</span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">YN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">ZJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li></ul> <p><b>Autonomous Regions:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">GX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">NM</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">NX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">XJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">XZ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li></ul> <p><b>Municipalities:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">BJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Tongzhou_District,_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongzhou District, Beijing">Tongzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">CQ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Yuzhong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuzhong District">Yuzhong</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">SH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Shanghai">Huangpu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">TJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hexi_District,_Tianjin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexi District, Tianjin">Hexi</a></li></ul> <p><b>SARs:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">HK</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">MO</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.4em; line-height:1.3em;"><div>¹ — Taiwan and Fujian are administered as a streamlined provinces by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a>, but those are claimed by the PRC.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5826#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjGTfJKg8vFbGPvyyx7gyq">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4225216-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80118482">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00638499">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Si-an (Čína)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0035311&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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