CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <title>Bosnian language and alphabet</title> <meta name="description" content="Bosnian is a South Slavic language spoken mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina." />  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WB7PSHBG');</script>  <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.omniglot.com/images/logos/omniglot_thumbnail.jpg" /> <meta property="og:type" content="https://www.facebook.com/pg/Omniglot-100430558332117/posts/" /> <link href="/styles/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="https://the.gatekeeperconsent.com/cmp.min.js" data-cfasync="false"></script> <script async src="//www.ezojs.com/ezoic/sa.min.js"></script> <script> window.ezstandalone = window.ezstandalone || {}; ezstandalone.cmd = ezstandalone.cmd || []; </script></head> <body> <div id="header">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WB7PSHBG" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <p><a href="/index.htm"><img src="/images/logos/header_omniglot.png" width="600" height="70" alt="Omniglot - the online encyclopedia of writing systems & languages" /></a></p> <ul> <li><a href="/index.htm">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/writing/index.htm">Alphabets</a></li> <li><a href="/conscripts/index.htm">Constructed scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/writing/languages.htm">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/language/phrases/phraseindex.htm">Phrases</a></li> <li><a href="/language/numbers/index.htm">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/language/ml.htm">Multilingual Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/search.htm">Search</a></li> <li><a href="/news/index.htm">News</a></li> <li><a href="/about.htm">About</a></li> <li><a href="/contact.htm">Contact</a></li> </ul></div> <div id="bodybox"> <span style="text-align:center;"><div id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-162"></div> <script> ezstandalone.cmd.push(function() { ezstandalone.showAds(162); }); </script></span><div id="body"> <h1>Bosnian (bosanski / босански / <span dir="rtl">بۉسانسقى</span>)</h1> <p>Bosnian is a South Slavic language spoken mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina by about 2.2 million people. On a formal level, Bosnian began to emerge as a distinct language after the break up of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. It became one of official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1994, along with Croatian and Serbian. </p> <p>Bosnian is written with both the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. Historically it was written with a version of the Cyrillic alphabet known as Bosnian Cyrillic from the late 10th century. This alphabet was only used in Bosnia. During the Ottoman era Bosnian was written with a version of the Arabic alphabet. </p> <p>The first Bosnian dictionary, a rhymed Bosnian–Turkish glossary authored by Muhamed Hevaji Uskufi, was composed in 1631. </p> <p>Bosnian is closely related to and mutually intelligible with Croatian, Serbian and Montenegrin. For more information see an article about <a href="../language/articles/serbocroatian.htm">Serbo-Croatian language issues</a>. </p> <h2>Bosnian Cyrillic alphabet</h2> <p>This chart shows the Bosnian Cyrillic alphabet, which was used from the 10th century until the 20th century, in some places. It was never standardised and most letters had several different forms - the typical forms are shown here. Some of the letters used in the modern Bosnian Cyrillic alphabet were not used in this version, and there are some extras letters that are no longer used. </p> <p><img src="../images/writing/bosnian_cyrillic.gif" width="502" height="188" alt="Bosnian Cyrillic alphabet" /> </p> <h2 style="text-align:right;">Arabic alphabet for Bosnian (Arabica/Alhamijado/Adzamijski)</h2> <p style="text-align:right;"><img src="../images/writing/bosnian_arabic.gif" width="523" height="326" alt="Arabic alphabet for Bosnian" /> </p> <h2>Latin and Cyrillic alphabets for Bosnian</h2> <p><img src="../images/writing/bosnian.gif" width="555" height="442" alt="Latin and Cyrillic alphabets for Bosnian" /> </p> <p>Hear the Bosnian alphabet </p> <div class="intrinsic-container intrinsic-container-16x9"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/CnTL_lxL2HU" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> <p><a href="../charts/bosnian.xls">Download a Bosnian alphabet charts</a> (Excel) </p> <h2>Bosnian sample text in the Cyrillic alphabet</h2> <p>Cвa љyдскa бићa paђajy сe слoбoднa и jeднaкa y дoстojaнствy и пpaвимa. Oнa сy oбдapeнa paзyмoм и свиjeшћy и тpeбa дa jeднo пpeмa дpyгoмe пoстyпajy y дyхy бpaтствa. </p> <h2>Bosnian sample text in the Latin alphabet</h2> <p>Sva ljudska bića rađaju se slobodna i jednaka u dostojanstvu i pravima. Ona su obdarena razumom i svije&scaron;ću i treba da jedno prema drugome postupaju u duhu bratstva. </p> <h2 style="text-align:right;">Bosnian sample text in the Arabic alphabet</h2> <p style="text-align:right;"><img src="../images/langsamples/udhr_bosnian.gif" width="600" height="89" alt="Bosnian sample text in the Arabic alphabet" /> </p> <p><a href="http://www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/udhr/udhr_bosnian.mp3">Hear a recording of this text</a> (<em>made with <a href="https://ttsfree.com/">Text To Speech Free</a></em>) </p> <p><audio controls="controls"> <source src="../soundfiles/udhr/udhr_bosnian.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"/> <embed height="50" width="100" src="../soundfiles/udhr/udhr_bosnian.mp3"/> </audio> </p> <h3>Translation</h3> <p>All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. <br /> <em>(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)</em> </p> <h2>Sample video in Bosnian</h2> <div class="intrinsic-container intrinsic-container-16x9"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Hh0nDkWeI5w" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> <p class="info"><a href="/writing/bosnian.htm">Information about Bosnian</a> | <a href="/language/phrases/bosnian.php">Phrases</a> | <a href="/language/numbers/bosnian.htm">Numbers</a> | <a href="/language/time/bosnian.htm">Time</a> | <a href="/babel/bosnian.htm">Tower of Babel</a> | Bosnian courses on: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/search?ie=UTF8&tag=omniglot-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=2aa140320f0f2884803ff9053c9c3e71&camp=1789&creative=9325&index=books&keywords=Bosnian language">Amazon.com</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/search?ie=UTF8&tag=omniglot-21&linkCode=ur2&linkId=b22b51589d014c81ba4fd8746b6a556e&camp=1634&creative=6738&index=books&keywords=Bosnian language">Amazon.co.uk</a> [affilate links]</p> <h2>Links</h2> <p>Information about Bosnian<br /> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_language">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_language</a> </p> <p>Information about the Bosnian Cyrillic alphabet<br /> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic</a><br /> <a href="http://www.slavorum.com/index.php?topic=664.0">http://www.slavorum.com/index.php?topic=664.0</a> </p> <p>Bosnian courses<br /> <a href="http://polymath.org/bosnian.php">http://polymath.org/bosnian.php</a><br /> <a href="http://www.101languages.net/bosnian/">http://www.101languages.net/bosnian/</a></p> <p>Bosnian phrases<br /> <a href="http://home.freeuk.net/iandart/elem_phrases.htm">http://home.freeuk.net/iandart/elem_phrases.htm</a><br /> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/other/quickfix/bosnian.shtml">http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/other/quickfix/bosnian.shtml</a><br /> <a href="http://www.101languages.net/bosnian/basics.html">http://www.101languages.net/bosnian/basics.html</a><br /> <a href="http://wikitravel.org/en/Bosnian_phrasebook">http://wikitravel.org/en/Bosnian_phrasebook</a></p> <h2>Slavic languages</h2> <p><a href="/writing/belarusian.htm">Belarusian</a>, <a href="/writing/bosnian.htm">Bosnian</a>, <a href="/writing/bulgarian.htm">Bulgarian</a>, <a href="/writing/croatian.htm">Croatian</a>, <a href="/writing/czech.htm">Czech</a>, <a href="/writing/goral.htm">Goral</a>, <a href="/writing/kashubian.htm">Kashubian</a>, <a href="/writing/knaanic.htm">Knaanic</a>, <a href="/writing/macedonian.htm">Macedonian</a>, <a href="/writing/montenegrin.htm">Montenegrin</a>, <a href="/writing/ocslavonic.htm">Old Church Slavonic</a>, <a href="/writing/polish.htm">Polish</a>, <a href="/writing/russian.htm">Russian</a>, <a href="/writing/rusyn.htm">Rusyn</a>, <a href="/writing/serbian.htm">Serbian</a>, <a href="/writing/silesian.php">Silesian</a>, <a href="/writing/slovak.htm">Slovak</a>, <a href="/writing/slovene.htm">Slovenian</a>, <a href="/writing/sorbian.htm">Sorbian</a>, <a href="/writing/ukrainian.htm">Ukrainian</a>, <a href="/writing/westpolesian.htm">West Polesian</a></p> <h2>Languages written with the Arabic script</h2> <p><a href="/writing/adamaua.htm">Adamaua Fulfulde</a>, <a href="/writing/afrikaans.htm">Afrikaans</a>, <a href="/writing/arabic_algerian.htm">Arabic (Algerian)</a>, <a href="/writing/arabic_bedawi.htm">Arabic (Bedawi)</a>, <a href="/writing/arabic_chadian.htm">Arabic (Chadian)</a>, <a href="/writing/arabic_egypt.htm">Arabic (Egyptian)</a>, <a href="/writing/arabic_gulf.htm">Arabic (Gulf)</a>, <a href="/writing/arabic_hassaniya.htm">Arabic (Hassaniya)</a>, <a href="/writing/arabic_hejazi.htm">Arabic (Hejazi)</a>, <a href="/writing/lebanese.htm">Arabic (Lebanese)</a>, <a href="/writing/arabic_libyan.htm">Arabic (Libyan)</a>, <a href="/writing/arabic.htm">Arabic (Modern Standard)</a>, <a href="/writing/arabic_moroccan.htm">Arabic (Moroccan)</a>, <a href="/writing/arabic_najdi.htm">Arabic (Najdi)</a>, <a href="/writing/arabic_sudanese.htm">Arabic (Sudanese)</a>, <a href="/writing/arabic_syrian.htm">Arabic (Syrian)</a>, <a href="/writing/arabic_tunisian.htm">Arabic (Tunisian)</a>, <a href="/writing/arwi.htm">Arwi</a>, <a href="/writing/aynu.htm">Äynu</a>, <a href="/writing/azeri.htm">Azeri</a>, <a href="/writing/balantaganja.htm">Balanta-Ganja</a>, <a href="/writing/balti.htm">Balti</a>, <a href="/writing/baluchi.php">Baluchi</a>, <a href="/writing/beja.htm">Beja</a>, <a href="/writing/belarusian.htm">Belarusian</a>, <a href="/writing/bosnian.htm">Bosnian</a>, <a href="/writing/brahui.htm">Brahui</a>, <a href="/writing/chagatai.htm">Chagatai</a>, <a href="/writing/chechen.htm">Chechen</a>, <a href="/writing/chittagonian.htm">Chittagonian</a>, <a href="/writing/comorian.htm">Comorian</a>, <a href="/writing/crimeantatar.php">Crimean Tatar</a>, <a href="/writing/dargwa.htm">Dargwa</a>, <a href="/writing/dari.htm">Dari</a>, <a href="/writing/dhatki.htm">Dhatki</a>, <a href="/writing/dogri.htm">Dogri</a>, <a href="/writing/domari.htm">Domari</a>, <a href="/writing/gawarbati.htm">Gawar Bati</a>, <a href="/writing/gawri.htm">Gawri</a>, <a href="/writing/gilaki.htm">Gilaki</a>, <a href="/writing/hausa.htm">Hausa</a>, <a href="/writing/hazaragi.htm">Hazaragi</a>, <a href="/writing/hindko.htm">Hindko</a>, <a href="/writing/induskohistani.htm">Indus Kohistani</a>, <a href="/writing/kabyle.php">Kabyle</a>, <a href="/writing/kalkoti.htm">Kalkoti</a>, <a href="/writing/karakalpak.php">Karakalpak</a>, <a href="/writing/kashmiri.htm">Kashmiri</a>, <a href="/writing/kazakh.htm">Kazakh</a>, <a href="/writing/khowar.htm">Khowar</a>, <a href="/writing/khorasaniturkic.htm">Khorasani Turkic</a>, <a href="/writing/chorasmian.htm">Khwarezmian</a>, <a href="/writing/konkani.htm">Konkani</a>, <a href="/writing/kumzari.htm">Kumzari</a>, <a href="/writing/kurdish.htm">Kurdish</a>, <a href="/writing/kirghiz.htm">Kyrgyz</a>, <a href="/writing/lezgi.htm">Lezgi</a>, <a href="/writing/lop.htm">Lop</a>, <a href="/writing/luri.htm">Luri</a>, <a href="/writing/maguindanao.htm">Maguindanao</a>, <a href="/writing/malay.htm">Malay</a>, <a href="/writing/terengganumalay.htm">Malay (Terengganu)</a>, <a href="/writing/mandinka.htm">Mandinka</a>, <a href="/writing/marwari.htm">Marwari</a>, <a href="/writing/mazandarani.htm">Mazandarani</a>, <a href="/writing/mogholi.htm">Mogholi</a>, <a href="/writing/aljamiado.htm">Morisco</a>, <a href="/writing/mozarabic.htm">Mozarabic</a>, <a href="/writing/munji.htm">Munji</a>, <a href="/writing/noakhailla.htm">Noakhailla</a>, <a href="/writing/nubi.htm">Nubi</a>, <a href="/writing/ormuri.htm">Ormuri</a>, <a href="/writing/palula.htm">Palula</a>, <a href="/writing/parkari.htm">Parkari Koli</a>, <a href="/writing/pashto.htm">Pashto</a>, <a href="/writing/persian.htm">Persian/Farsi</a>, <a href="/writing/punjabi.htm">Punjabi</a>, <a href="/writing/qashqai.htm">Qashqai</a>, <a href="/writing/rajasthani.htm">Rajasthani</a>, <a href="/writing/rohingya.htm">Rohingya</a>, <a href="/writing/salar.htm">Salar</a>, <a href="/writing/saraiki.htm">Saraiki</a>, <a href="/writing/sawi.htm">Sawi</a>, <a href="/writing/serer.htm">Serer</a>, <a href="/writing/shabaki.php">Shabaki</a>, <a href="/writing/shina.htm">Shina</a>, <a href="/writing/shughni.htm">Shughni</a>, <a href="/writing/sindhi.htm">Sindhi</a>, <a href="/writing/somali.htm">Somali</a>, <a href="/writing/soninke.htm">Soninke</a>, <a href="/writing/tatar.htm">Tatar</a>, <a href="/writing/tausug.htm">Tausūg</a>, <a href="/writing/tawallammattamajaq.htm">Tawallammat Tamajaq</a>, <a href="/writing/tayarttamajeq.htm">Tayart Tamajeq</a>, <a href="/writing/ternate.htm">Ternate</a>, <a href="/writing/torwali.htm">Torwali</a>, <a href="/writing/turkish.htm">Turkish</a>, <a href="/writing/urdu.htm">Urdu</a>, <a href="/writing/uyghur.htm">Uyghur</a>, <a href="/writing/uzbek.htm">Uzbek</a>, <a href="/writing/wakhi.php">Wakhi</a>, <a href="/writing/wanetsi.htm">Wanetsi</a>, <a href="/writing/wolof.htm">Wolof</a>, <a href="/chinese/xiaoerjing.htm">Xiao'erjing</a>, <a href="/writing/yidgha.htm">Yidgha</a></p> <h2>Languages written with the <a href="cyrillic.htm">Cyrillic alphabet</a></h2> <p><a href="/writing/abaza.htm">Abaza</a>, <a href="/writing/abkhaz.htm">Abkhaz</a>, <a href="/writing/adyghe.htm">Adyghe</a>, <a href="/writing/aghul.htm">Aghul</a>, <a href="/writing/akhvakh.htm">Akhvakh</a>, <a href="/writing/akkalasami.htm">Akkala Sámi</a>, <a href="/writing/aleut.htm">Aleut</a>, <a href="/writing/altay.htm">Altay</a>, <a href="/writing/alyutor.htm">Alyutor</a>, <a href="/writing/andi.htm">Andi</a>, <a href="/writing/archi.htm">Archi</a>, <a href="/writing/assyrianneoaramaic.htm">Assyrian / Neo-Assyrian</a>, <a href="/writing/avar.htm">Avar</a>, <a href="/writing/azeri.htm">Azeri</a>, <a href="/writing/bagvalal.htm">Bagvalal</a>, <a href="/writing/balkar.htm">Balkar</a>, <a href="/writing/bashkir.htm">Bashkir</a>, <a href="/writing/belarusian.htm">Belarusian</a>, <a href="/writing/bezhta.htm">Bezhta</a>, <a href="/writing/bosnian.htm">Bosnian</a>, <a href="/writing/botlikh.htm">Botlikh</a>, <a href="/writing/budukh.htm">Budukh</a>, <a href="/writing/bulgarian.htm">Bulgarian</a>, <a href="/writing/buryat.htm">Buryat</a>, <a href="/writing/chamalal.htm">Chamalal</a>, <a href="/writing/chechen.htm">Chechen</a>, <a href="/writing/chelkan.htm">Chelkan</a>, <a href="/writing/chukchi.htm">Chukchi</a>, <a href="/writing/chulym.htm">Chulym</a>, <a href="/writing/chuvash.htm">Chuvash</a>, <a href="/writing/crimeantatar.php">Crimean Tatar</a>, <a href="/writing/dargwa.htm">Dargwa</a>, <a href="/writing/daur.htm">Daur</a>, <a href="/writing/dolgan.htm">Dolgan</a>, <a href="/chinese/dungan.htm">Dungan</a>, <a href="/writing/enets.htm">Enets</a>, <a href="/writing/erzya.htm">Erzya</a>, <a href="/writing/even.htm">Even</a>, <a href="/writing/evenki.htm">Evenki</a>, <a href="/writing/gagauz.htm">Gagauz</a>, <a href="/writing/godoberi.htm">Godoberi</a>, <a href="/writing/hinukh.htm">Hinukh</a>, <a href="/writing/hunzib.htm">Hunzib</a>, <a href="/writing/ingush.htm">Ingush</a>, <a href="/writing/interslavic.htm">Interslavic</a>, <a href="/writing/itelmen.htm">Itelmen</a>, <a href="/writing/juhuri.htm">Juhuri</a>, <a href="/writing/kabardian.htm">Kabardian</a>, <a href="/writing/kaitag.htm">Kaitag</a>, <a href="/writing/kalderash.htm">Kalderash Romani</a>, <a href="/writing/kalmyk.htm">Kalmyk</a>, <a href="/writing/karaim.htm">Karaim</a>, <a href="/writing/karakalpak.php">Karakalpak</a>, <a href="/writing/karata.htm">Karata</a>, <a href="/writing/karelian.htm">Karelian</a>, <a href="/writing/kazakh.htm">Kazakh</a>, <a href="/writing/ket.htm">Ket</a>, <a href="/writing/khakas.htm">Khakas</a>, <a href="/writing/khanty.htm">Khanty</a>, <a href="/writing/khinalug.htm">Khinalug</a>, <a href="/writing/khorasaniturkic.htm">Khorasani Turkic</a>, <a href="/writing/khwarshi.htm">Khwarshi</a>, <a href="/writing/kildinsami.htm">Kildin Sámi</a>, <a href="/writing/kili.htm">Kili</a>, <a href="/writing/komi.htm">Komi</a>, <a href="/writing/koryak.htm">Koryak</a>, <a href="/writing/krymchak.htm">Krymchak</a>, <a href="/writing/kryts.htm">Kryts</a>, <a href="/writing/kubachi.htm">Kubachi</a>, <a href="/writing/kumandy.htm">Kumandy</a>, <a href="/writing/kumyk.php">Kumyk</a>, <a href="/writing/kurdish.htm">Kurdish</a>, <a href="/writing/kirghiz.htm">Kyrgyz</a>, <a href="/writing/lak.htm">Lak</a>, <a href="/writing/lezgi.htm">Lezgi</a>, <a href="/writing/lfn.htm">Lingua Franca Nova</a>, <a href="/writing/lithuanian.htm">Lithuanian</a>, <a href="/writing/ludic.htm">Ludic</a>, <a href="/writing/macedonian.htm">Macedonian</a>, <a href="/writing/mansi.htm">Mansi</a>, <a href="/writing/mari.htm">Mari</a>, <a href="/writing/moksha.htm">Moksha</a>, <a href="/writing/moldovan.htm">Moldovan</a>, <a href="/writing/mongolian.htm">Mongolian</a>, <a href="/writing/montenegrin.htm">Montenegrin</a>, <a href="/writing/nanai.htm">Nanai</a>, <a href="/writing/negidal.htm">Negidal</a>, <a href="/writing/nenets.htm">Nenets</a>, <a href="/writing/nganasan.htm">Nganasan</a>, <a href="/writing/nivkh.htm">Nivkh</a>, <a href="/writing/nogai.htm">Nogai</a>, <a href="/writing/ocslavonic.htm">Old Church Slavonic</a>, <a href="/writing/oroch.htm">Oroch</a>, <a href="/writing/orok.htm">Orok</a>, <a href="/writing/ossetian.htm">Ossetian</a>, <a href="/writing/pontic.htm">Pontic Greek</a>, <a href="/writing/romanian.htm">Romanian</a>, <a href="/writing/rushani.htm">Rushani</a>, <a href="/writing/russian.htm">Russian</a>, <a href="/writing/rusyn.htm">Rusyn</a>, <a href="/writing/rutul.htm">Rutul</a>, <a href="/writing/selkup.htm">Selkup</a>, <a href="/writing/serbian.htm">Serbian</a>, <a href="/writing/shor.htm">Shor</a>, <a href="/writing/shughni.htm">Shughni</a>, <a href="/writing/siberiantatar.htm">Siberian Tatar</a>, <a href="/writing/sirenik.htm">Sirenik</a>, <a href="/writing/slovio.htm">Slovio</a>, <a href="/writing/soyot.htm">Soyot</a>, <a href="/writing/tabassaran.htm">Tabassaran</a>, <a href="/writing/tajik.htm">Tajik</a>, <a href="/writing/talysh.htm">Talysh</a>, <a href="/writing/tat.htm">Tat</a>, <a href="/writing/tatar.htm">Tatar</a>, <a href="/writing/teleut.htm">Teleut</a>, <a href="/writing/tersami.htm">Ter Sámi</a>, <a href="/writing/tindi.htm">Tindi</a>, <a href="/writing/tofa.htm">Tofa</a>, <a href="/writing/tsakhur.htm">Tsakhur</a>, <a href="/writing/tsez.htm">Tsez</a>, <a href="/writing/turkmen.htm">Turkmen</a>, <a href="/writing/tuvan.php">Tuvan</a>, <a href="/writing/ubykh.htm">Ubykh</a>, <a href="/writing/udege.htm">Udege</a>, <a href="/writing/udi.htm">Udi</a>, <a href="/writing/udmurt.htm">Udmurt</a>, <a href="/writing/ukrainian.htm">Ukrainian</a>, <a href="/writing/ulch.htm">Ulch</a>, <a href="/writing/urum.htm">Urum</a>, <a href="/writing/uyghur.htm">Uyghur</a>, <a href="/writing/uzbek.htm">Uzbek</a>, <a href="/writing/veps.htm">Veps</a>, <a href="/writing/votic.htm">Votic</a>, <a href="/writing/wakhi.php">Wakhi</a>, <a href="/writing/westpolesian.htm">West Polesian</a>, <a href="/writing/xibe.htm">Xibe</a>, <a href="/writing/yaghnobi.htm">Yaghnobi</a>, <a href="/writing/yakut.htm">Yakut</a>, <a href="/writing/yazghulami.htm">Yazghulami</a>, <a href="/writing/yukaghir.php">Yukaghir (Northern / Tundra)</a>, <a href="/writing/southernyukaghir.htm">Yukaghir (Southern / Kolyma)</a>, <a href="/writing/siberianyupik.htm">Yupik (Central Siberian)</a></p> <p><a href="/writing/langalph.htm#latin">Languages written with the Latin alphabet</a> </p><p><em>Page last modified: 29.05.24</em> </p> <p class="right"><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.buymeacoffee.com/1.0.0/button.prod.min.js" data-name="bmc-button" data-slug="omniglot" data-color="#FFDD00" data-emoji="" data-font="Cookie" data-text="Buy me a coffee" data-outline-color="#000000" data-font-color="#000000" data-coffee-color="#ffffff"></script> </p> <p class="right">[<a href="#top">top</a>] </p> <hr /> <div id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-171"></div> <script> ezstandalone.cmd.push(function() { ezstandalone.showAds(171); }); </script> <p><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572"><img src="https://images.kualo.com/rewards/greenhosting-light.gif" width="162" height="62" class="rightfloat" alt="Green Web Hosting - Kualo"/></a> </p> <p>You can support this site by <a href="https://buymeacoffee.com/omniglot">Buying Me A Coffee</a>, and if you like what you see on this page, you can use the buttons below to share it with people you know. </p>  <div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_default_style"> <a class="a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_bluesky"></a> <a class="a2a_button_threads"></a> <a class="a2a_button_mastodon"></a> <a class="a2a_button_copy_link"></a> </div> <script defer src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js"></script>  <p> </p> <a href="https://www.gymglish.com/partner/omniglot/61427" target="_blank"><img src="/images/banners/banner_gymglish.jpg" width="630" height="90" alt="Learn a Language with gymglish" /></a><p>If you like this site and find it useful, you can support it by making a donation via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=7ZJDTZECMH3SJ">PayPal</a> or <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a>, or by <a href="/donations.htm">contributing in other ways</a>. Omniglot is how I make my living. </p> <form action="https://www.paypal.com/donate" method="post" target="_top"> <input type="hidden" name="hosted_button_id" value="7ZJDTZECMH3SJ" /> <input type="image" src="https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_GB/i/btn/btn_donate_LG.gif" border="0" name="submit" title="PayPal - The safer, easier way to pay online!" alt="Donate with PayPal button" /> <img alt="" border="0" src="https://www.paypal.com/en_GB/i/scr/pixel.gif" width="1" height="1" /> </form> <p> </p> <p><strong>Note</strong>: all links on this site to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=omniglot-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=61fa7b5f59036aa5bdc6b68aa138acfa&camp=1789&creative=9325">Amazon.com</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=omniglot-20&l=ur2&o=1" width="1" height="1" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=omniglot-21&linkCode=ur2&linkId=ecf52b987141620aecad3eedbb023718&camp=1634&creative=6738">Amazon.co.uk</a><img src="//ir-uk.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=omniglot-21&l=ur2&o=2" width="1" height="1" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" /> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.fr/?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=omniglot09-21&linkCode=ur2&linkId=18835fb93f11fbd0601e1d2ae2ef371b&camp=1642&creative=6746">Amazon.fr</a><img src="//ir-fr.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=omniglot09-21&l=ur2&o=8" width="1" height="1" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" /> are affiliate links. This means I earn a commission if you click on any of them and buy something. So by clicking on these links you can help to support this site. </p> <p class="right">[<a href="#top">top</a>] </p> <p><div id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-171"></div> <script> ezstandalone.cmd.push(function() { ezstandalone.showAds(171); }); </script> </p> </div> <div id="footerads"> <ul> <li><a href="https://omniglot.krtra.com/t/F3SkAIlcW9Za">Learn languages quickly</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.echineselearning.com/free-trial/?ecl=refEEEEE&aff=Simon0902">One-to-one Chinese lessons</a></li> <li><a href="http://varsitytutors.pxf.io/c/1242341/488377/4893" rel="nofollow">Learn languages with Varsity Tutors</a></li> <li><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" target="_blank">Green Web Hosting</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.maayot.com?via=omniglot">Daily bite-size stories in Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="https://tutors.englishscore.com/gen/usd/?sc=AFF_Global_OGT-SITE">EnglishScore Tutors</a></li> <li><a href="https://englishlikeanative.co.uk/103-10.html">English Like a Native</a></li> <li><a href="/french/frantastique.htm">Learn French Online</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ivisa.com?utm_source=omniglot&utm_medium=affiliate">iVisa</a></li> <li> <a href="https://academy.mosalingua.com/mosaweb/?ref=1322">Learn languages with MosaLingua</a></li> <li><a href="https://ling-app.com/offer-yearly-subscription/?affiliateId=omniglot">Learn languages with Ling</a></li> <li><a href="https://privadovpn.com/#a_aid=Omniglot">PrivadoVPN</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ivisa.com?utm_source=omniglot&utm_medium=affiliate">Find Visa information for all countries</a></li> </ul> </div>  <div id="footer"> <ul> <li><a href="/index.htm">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/news/index.htm" title="New material appears on Omniglot every week - see the latest additions here">News</a></li> <li><a href="/writing/index.htm" title="An alphabetic index of all the writing systems and languages featured on Omniglot">Writing systems</a></li> <li><a href="/conscripts/index.htm" title="Writing systems invented by visitors to Omniglot">Con-scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/writing/languages.htm" title="An index of the languages featured on Omniglot">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/language/phrases/index.htm" title="A selection of phrases in numerous languages">Useful phrases</a></li> <li><a href="/language/index.htm" title="Advice on learning languages">Language learning</a></li> <li><a href="/language/ml.htm" title="Language names in their own scripts and languages">Multilingual pages</a></li> <li><a href="/events/index.htm">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/language/articles/index.htm" title="Articles about writing systems, language, translation and related topics">Articles</a></li> <li><a href="/links/index.htm" title="A large collection of links to writing and language-related sites">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/books/index.htm" title="Language courses, dictionaries and other language learning materials">Book store</a></li> <li><a href="/gallery/index.htm" title="A gallery of writing and language-related art sent in by visitors to Omniglot">Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/puzzles.htm" title="Questions about writing systems and languages sent in by visitors to Omniglot">Puzzles</a></li> <li><a href="/faqs.htm" title="Frequently Asked Questions">FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/about.htm" title="A guide to the contents of Omniglot">About</a></li> <li><a href="/sitemap.htm">Sitemap</a></li> <li><a href="/search.htm">Search</a></li> <li><a href="/contact.htm">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/media.htm">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/donations.htm">Contribute</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising.htm">Advertising</a></li> </ul> <p class="icons"><a href="http://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/"><img src="/images/buttons/blog.png" width="50" height="50" alt="Omniglot Blog" /></a> <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/radio/"><img src="/images/buttons/podcast.png" width="50" height="50" alt="Radio Omniglot Podcast" /></a> <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/"><img src="/images/buttons/celtiadur.png" width="50" height="50" alt="Celtiadur" /></a> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/omniglot"><img src="/images/buttons/youtube.png" width="50" height="50" alt="Omniglot YouTube Channel" /></a> <a href="https://soundcloud.com/simon-ager"><img src="/images/buttons/soundcloud.png" width="50" height="50" alt="Tunes, songs and podcasts on SoundCloud" /></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/omniglot/"><img src="/images/buttons/facebook.png" width="50" height="50" alt="Omniglot Facebook Fan Club" /></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ieithgi/"><img src="/images/buttons/instagram.png" width="50" height="50" alt="Instagram" /></a> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@ommiglot"><img src="/images/buttons/tiktok.png" width="50" height="50" alt="TikTok" /></a> <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/omniglot.bsky.social"><img src="/images/buttons/bluesky.png" width="50" height="50" alt="Bluesky" /></a> <a href="https://polyglot.city/@omniglot"><img src="/images/buttons/mastadon.png" width="50" height="50" alt="Polyglot City (Mastadon" /></a> </p> <p class="copyright"><a href="/copyright.htm">Copyright</a> © 1998–2025 <a href="/aboutme.htm">Simon Ager</a> | Email: <a href="/contact.htm"><img src="/images/various/email.gif" width="177" height="15" style="vertical-align:middle;" alt="The email address to contact Omniglot" /></a> | <a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" rel="nofollow">Hosted by Kualo</a> </p> </div> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript" id="clever-core"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function (document, window) { var a, c = document.createElement("script"), f = window.frameElement; c.id = "CleverCoreLoader85823"; c.src = "https://scripts.cleverwebserver.com/2cb306f9d0669fac735e1e109054e46d.js"; c.async = !0; c.type = "text/javascript"; c.setAttribute("data-target", window.name || (f && f.getAttribute("id"))); c.setAttribute("data-callback", "put-your-callback-function-here"); c.setAttribute("data-callback-url-click", "put-your-click-macro-here"); c.setAttribute("data-callback-url-view", "put-your-view-macro-here"); try { a = parent.document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0] || document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; } catch (e) { a = !1; } a || (a = document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0] || document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0]); a.parentNode.insertBefore(c, a); })(document, window); /* ]]> */ </script></body> </html>