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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Prezentare_generală" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prezentare_generală"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Prezentare generală</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prezentare_generală-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prezentare generală subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prezentare_generală-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comunitate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comunitate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Comunitate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comunitate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implementare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Implementare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Implementare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disponibilitate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disponibilitate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Disponibilitate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disponibilitate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structura_Limbajului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structura_Limbajului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Structura Limbajului</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structura_Limbajului-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structura Limbajului subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structura_Limbajului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Program_exemplu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Program_exemplu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Program exemplu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Program_exemplu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tipuri_de_date" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipuri_de_date"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Tipuri de date</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tipuri_de_date-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structuri_de_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structuri_de_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Structuri de control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structuri_de_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subrutine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subrutine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Subrutine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subrutine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interfețe_pentru_baze_de_date" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interfețe_pentru_baze_de_date"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Interfețe pentru baze de date</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interfețe_pentru_baze_de_date-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Module_importante_Perl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Module_importante_Perl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Module importante Perl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Module_importante_Perl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Contra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hiperlegături" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hiperlegături"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hiperlegături</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hiperlegături-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Perl</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 82 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84" title="بيرل – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيرل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BB_(%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5)" title="Пърл (език за програмиране) – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пърл (език за програмиране)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE)" title="পার্ল (প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা) – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পার্ল (প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B1%DA%B5_(%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C)" title="پێرڵ (پرۆگرامسازی) – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێرڵ (پرۆگرامسازی)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_(iaith_raglennu)" title="Perl (iaith raglennu) – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Perl (iaith raglennu)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_(Programmiersprache)" title="Perl (Programmiersprache) – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Perl (Programmiersprache)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%84" title="پرل – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_(langage)" title="Perl (langage) – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Perl (langage)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2" title="પર્લ – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પર્લ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="पर्ल – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पर्ल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_(programoz%C3%A1si_nyelv)" title="Perl (programozási nyelv) – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Perl (programozási nyelv)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_(%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96)" title="Perl (бағдарламалау тілі) – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Perl (бағдарламалау тілі)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪರ್ಲ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪರ್ಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%84" title="펄 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="펄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_(Programm%C3%A9iersprooch)" title="Perl (Programméiersprooch) – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Perl (Programméiersprooch)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Перл (програмски јазик) – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Перл (програмски јазик)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BE" title="പേൾ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പേൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_(%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE)" title="पर्ल (आज्ञावली भाषा) – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पर्ल (आज्ञावली भाषा)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="पर्ल – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पर्ल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_(programmeertaal)" title="Perl (programmeertaal) – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Perl (programmeertaal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8D_(%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%82_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE)" title="ପର୍ଲ୍ (ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମିଂ ଭାଷା) – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପର୍ଲ୍ (ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମିଂ ଭାଷା)" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Perl (програмски језик) – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Perl (програмски језик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="பெர்ள் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெர்ள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5" title="ภาษาเพิร์ล – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเพิร์ล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%84" title="پرل – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پرل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42478#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Perl" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" 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id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perl"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perl"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Perl" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Perl" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&oldid=16336035" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Perl&id=16336035&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPerl"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPerl"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Perl"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Perl&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Perl_(programming_language)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42478" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet informatica" style="background-color:#EEE;color:#000;">Perl</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Programming-republic-of-perl.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ro/e/e0/Programming-republic-of-perl.png" decoding="async" width="97" height="97" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="97" data-file-height="97" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Perl</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Extensii <a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier" title="Fișier">fișiere</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">.pl .pm .t .pod</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Paradigm%C4%83_de_programare" title="Paradigmă de programare">Paradigmă</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multi-paradigm%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multi-paradigmă — pagină inexistentă">multi-paradigmă</a>: funcțional, imperativ, <a href="/wiki/POO" class="mw-redirect" title="POO">obiect-orientat</a>, reflectiv, procedural, event-driven, generic</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Apărut în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">1987<span class="noprint">; acum 37 ani</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1987</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Proiectat de</th><td colspan="1" class="organizator" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Wall" title="Larry Wall">Larry Wall</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Dezvoltator_software" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Dezvoltator software">Dezvoltator</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">Larry Wall</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Stadiul_de_dezvoltare_al_unui_software" title="Stadiul de dezvoltare al unui software">Ultima versiune</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">5.24.0<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/ 9 mai 2016<span class="noprint">; acum 8 ani, 5 luni și 26 zile</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2016-05-09</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_de_tipare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem de tipare — pagină inexistentă">Tipare</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">Dinamic</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Influențat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=AWK_(limbaj_de_programare)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AWK (limbaj de programare) — pagină inexistentă">AWK</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smalltalk_80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smalltalk 80 — pagină inexistentă">Smalltalk 80</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisp_(limbaj_de_programare)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lisp (limbaj de programare) — pagină inexistentă">Lisp</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_(limbaj_de_programare)" title="C (limbaj de programare)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sed" title="Sed">sed</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unix_shell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unix shell — pagină inexistentă">Unix shell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(limbaj_de_programare)" title="Pascal (limbaj de programare)">Pascal</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Influențe</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Python_(limbaj_de_programare)" class="mw-redirect" title="Python (limbaj de programare)">Python</a>, <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(limbaj_de_programare)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruby (limbaj de programare)">Ruby</a>, <a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a>/<a href="/wiki/Javascript" class="mw-redirect" title="Javascript">Javascript</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=LPC_(limbaj_de_programare)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LPC (limbaj de programare) — pagină inexistentă">LPC</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_PowerShell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Windows PowerShell — pagină inexistentă">Windows PowerShell</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Falcon_(limbaj_de_programare)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Falcon (limbaj de programare) — pagină inexistentă">Falcon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl_6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perl 6 — pagină inexistentă">Perl 6</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qore_(limbaj_de_programare)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qore (limbaj de programare) — pagină inexistentă">Qore</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julia_(limbaj_de_programare)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julia (limbaj de programare) — pagină inexistentă">Julia</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Sistem_de_operare" title="Sistem de operare">Sistem de operare</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Multiplatform%C4%83" title="Multiplatformă">Multiplatformă</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Licen%C8%9B%C4%83_software" title="Licență software">Licență</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a> sau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_License&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artistic License — pagină inexistentă">Artistic License</a><sup id="cite_ref-licensing_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-licensing-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Prezență online</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perl.org">www.perl.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Wikibooks-logo-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikibooks logo"><img alt="Wikibooks logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Wikibooks-logo-en.svg/14px-Wikibooks-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Wikibooks-logo-en.svg/21px-Wikibooks-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Wikibooks-logo-en.svg/28px-Wikibooks-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Perl_Programming" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Perl Programming">Perl Programming</a> la <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikibooks">Wikibooks</a></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##EEE solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42478" class="extiw" title="d:Q42478">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Limbaj_de_programare" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Perl</b> este un limbaj de programare <a href="/w/index.php?title=Programare_dinamic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Programare dinamică — pagină inexistentă">dinamic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Programare_procedural%C4%83" title="Programare procedurală">procedural</a>, creat de Lary Wall în 1987. Perl împrumută caracteristicile limbajelor <a href="/wiki/Limbajul_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbajul C">C</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unix_shell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unix shell — pagină inexistentă">shell</a>, <a href="/wiki/AWK_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="AWK (programming language)">AWK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sed" title="Sed">sed</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbajul_Lisp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limbajul Lisp — pagină inexistentă">Lisp</a> și ale multor alte limbaje într-o măsură mai mică. </p><p>O caracteristică importantă care deosebește Perl de alte limbaje este faptul că beneficiază de un repository numit <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/">CPAN</a> ce conține module open-source bine documentate. Utilizarea <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/">CPAN</a> pentru re-folosirea codului deja scris este încurajată. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prezentare_generală"><span id="Prezentare_general.C4.83"></span>Prezentare generală</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Prezentare generală" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Prezentare generală"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conform paginii de manual perlintro(1) </p> <dl><dd>Perl este un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbaj_de_programare_generic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limbaj de programare generic — pagină inexistentă">limbaj de programare generic</a> inițial dezvoltat pentru manipularea de text și în prezent folosit pentru o gamă largă de aplicații inclusiv administrarea de sisteme, dezvoltare web, aplicații de rețea, interfețe grafice și altele.</dd> <dd>Limbajul intenționează să fie practic, ușor de folosit, eficient, complet. Caracteristicile principale sunt ușurința de utilizare, suport pentru <a href="/wiki/Programare_procedural%C4%83" title="Programare procedurală">programare procedurală</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Obiectual&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obiectual — pagină inexistentă">obiectuală</a>, are integrat un suport puternic pentru procesarea de text și o colecție mare de module provenite de la terți.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design">Design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Design" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Design"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Designul Perl poate fi înțeles ca un răspuns la trei mari tendințe în industria calculatoarelor: scăderea prețurilor la hardware, creșterea costurilor de dezvoltare, îmbunătățiri în tehnologia compilatoarelor. Multe limbaje apărute înainte, cum ar fi <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> sau <a href="/wiki/Limbajul_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbajul C">C</a> au fost concepute pentru a utiliza eficient resursele hardware scumpe la momentul respectiv. </p><p>Perl are multe caracteristici care ușurează sarcina programatorului cu prețul unei mai mari utilizări a procesorului și a memoriei. Acestea includ un garbage collector , tipuri dinamice, string-uri, liste, <a href="/wiki/Expresie_regulat%C4%83" title="Expresie regulată">expresii regulate</a> și o funcție <code>eval()</code>. </p><p>În Perl se pot implementa elemente de programare functională(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_Order_Perl">Higher Order Perl</a>) și programare orientata pe obiect(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manning.com/conway/">Object oriented Perl</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comunitate">Comunitate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Comunitate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Comunitate"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Limbajul Perl și-a format o comunitate relativ mare. Site-ul <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perlmonks.org/">Perlmonks.org</a> e un forum dar și o sursa de informații referitoare la Perl, conține o serie de tutoriale foarte detaliate. De asemenea, pe IRC există câteva canale care au ca subiect limbajul Perl. Aceste canale oferă suport pentru limbajul Perl sau pentru anumite module. </p> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th>Retea IRC </th> <th>Canale </th></tr> <tr> <td>FreeNode ( irc.freenode.net ) </td> <td>#poe , #perl , #cbstream , #perlcafe </td></tr> <tr> <td>irc.perl.org </td> <td>#moose , #poe , #catalyst , #dbix-class , #perl-help </td></tr> <tr> <td>irc.oftc.net </td> <td>#perl </td></tr> <tr> <td>irc.efnet.net </td> <td>#perlhelp </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Implementare">Implementare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Implementare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Implementare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Următoarele implementări de Perl sunt disponibile: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://strawberryperl.com/">Strawberry Perl</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vanillaperl.com/">Vanilla Perl</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.activestate.com/activeperl/">ActiveState Perl</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cpan.org/ports/#win32">Alte distributii</a></li></ul> <p>Installer pentru Perl și alte pachete </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/p/camelbox/">Camelbox</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disponibilitate">Disponibilitate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Disponibilitate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Disponibilitate"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:LAMP_software_bundle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LAMP_software_bundle.svg/250px-LAMP_software_bundle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LAMP_software_bundle.svg/375px-LAMP_software_bundle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LAMP_software_bundle.svg/500px-LAMP_software_bundle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/LAMP" title="LAMP">LAMP</a> poate cuprinde și Perl</figcaption></figure> <p>Perl este disponibil pe sistemele de operare Windows, *UNIX, Linux și Mac OS X. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structura_Limbajului">Structura Limbajului</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Structura Limbajului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Structura Limbajului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Program_exemplu">Program exemplu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Program exemplu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Program exemplu"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <pre>#!/usr/bin/perl print "Hello, world!\n"; </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tipuri_de_date">Tipuri de date</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Tipuri de date" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Tipuri de date"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Scalari</li></ul> <pre>$a = 12; $b = 'foo'; $c = 3.14324324234; </pre> <ul><li><ul><li>Referințe către scalari , liste și hash-uri</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Liste(sau Array) <ul><li>anonime</li></ul></li></ul> <pre> ('a','foo',123) </pre> <ul><li>Referința la o lista în următorul mod</li></ul> <pre> my @lista = (1,2,3); my $referinta_la_lista = \@lista; </pre> <ul><li>Hash(cu chei unice)</li></ul> <pre>%hash = ( foo => 'bar' , tar => 123 , ) </pre> <ul><li>blessed-hashes , blessed-scalars. Cu aceste tipuri de date se pot construi obiecte și deci OOP.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structuri_de_control">Structuri de control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Structuri de control" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Structuri de control"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>for(@lista){...} sau for my $iter(@lista){ $iter...} sau expr for expr sau for($i=0;$i<$j;$i++){...}</li> <li>foreach(@lista){...}</li> <li>while(expr){...} sau expr while expr;</li> <li>until(expr){...} sau expr until expr;</li> <li>if(expr)</li> <li>unless(expr) - acealsi lucru cu if(!expr)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/grep.html">grep</a> {block} (lista) ( returnează doar elementele din lista pt care block e evaluat true)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/map.html">map</a> { block } (lista) ( returnează o lista cu valorile returnate de block pentru fiecare element din lista)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/each.html">each</a> pentru iterarea unui hash după tuplu (cheie,valoare)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perldoc.perl.org/perlsyn.html#Switch-statements">given/when</a> este varianta de switch din C/C++ a lui Perl , introdusa in Perl 5.10</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sort.html">sort</a> { comparator } (array) . sortează o listă după funcția "comparator" care returnează -1,0,1 în funcție de $a și $b care sunt variabilele comparate</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/next.html">next</a> , <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/continue.html">continue</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/shift.html">shift</a> , <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/unshift.html">unshift</a> , <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/push.html">push</a> , <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/pop.html">pop</a> sunt operații pentru liste/stive în Perl</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/eval.html">eval</a>(expr). În cazul în care expresia expr produce o eroare, aceasta e stocată în $@</li></ul> <p>Toate structurile repetitive pot fi antepuse sau postpuse în Perl. </p><p>Observație: În Perl <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/do.html">do</a> nu este structură de control repetitivă. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subrutine">Subrutine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Subrutine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Subrutine"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Se declară cu</li></ul> <pre>sub _numele_subrutinei_ { # code here } </pre> <ul><li>Se apelează cu</li></ul> <pre>_numele_subrutinei_( _parametri_ ); </pre> <ul><li>În subrutină parametrii se regăsesc în @_</li></ul> <p>Ei pot fi accesați cu @_[index] sau $_[index]. </p> <ul><li>Exemplu</li></ul> <pre>#!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use warnings; display('foo'); sub display { my $message = shift; # shift se face implicit pe @_ # o alta metoda e: my ($message) = @_ print $message; } </pre> <p>Observație: nu e obligatoriu ca subrutina să fie definită înaintea apelului acesteia (ca în cazul C-ului de exemplu) </p><p>În general dacă sunt mai mulți parametri se poate folosi </p> <pre>sub display { my ($param1,$param2,$param3) = @_; } </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interfețe_pentru_baze_de_date"><span id="Interfe.C8.9Be_pentru_baze_de_date"></span>Interfețe pentru baze de date</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Interfețe pentru baze de date" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Interfețe pentru baze de date"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DBI </p> <pre>use DBI; my $dbh = DBI->connect($data_source, $username, $auth, \%attr); // conectarea la o bază de date my $query = $dbh->do("query"); // sau my $query = $dbh->prepare("query"); $query->execute($argumente); </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Module_importante_Perl">Module importante Perl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Module importante Perl" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Module importante Perl"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Framework pentru OOP <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/~drolsky/Moose-0.92/lib/Moose.pm">Moose</a></li> <li>Framework-uri web <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/~flora/Catalyst-Runtime-5.80013/lib/Catalyst.pm">Catalyst</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/~markstos/CGI-Application-4.31/lib/CGI/Application.pm">CGI::Application</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/~sukria/Dancer-0.9905/lib/Dancer.pm">Dancer</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mojolicio.us/">Mojolicious</a></li></ul></li> <li>Framework pentru programare concurentă <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/~rcaputo/POE-1.269/lib/POE.pm">POE</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-relational_mapping">ORM</a> pentru Perl <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/~ribasushi/DBIx-Class-0.08112/lib/DBIx/Class.pm">DBIx::Class</a></li> <li>Motor de templetizare <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/~abw/Template-Toolkit-2.22/lib/Template/Toolkit.pod">TT</a></li> <li>Module pentru serializarea structurilor de date(folositoare printre altele și pentru debugging) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/~smueller/Data-Dumper-2.125/Dumper.pm">Data::Dumper</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/~yves/Data-Dump-Streamer-2.09/">Data::Dump::Streamer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/~nkh/Data-TreeDumper-0.35/TreeDumper.pm">Data::TreeDumper</a></li> <li>Modul pentru extragerea informațiilor din fișiere format HTML/XML <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/~petek/HTML-Tree-3.23/lib/HTML/TreeBuilder.pm">HTML::TreeBuilder</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/~mirod/HTML-TreeBuilder-XPath-0.11/lib/HTML/TreeBuilder/XPath.pm">HTML::TreeBuilder::XPath</a></li> <li>Modul pentru automatizare pagini web <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/~petdance/WWW-Mechanize-1.60/lib/WWW/Mechanize.pm">WWW::Mechanize</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/~dmaki/Gungho-0.09008/lib/Gungho.pm">Gungho</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contra">Contra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Contra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Contra"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perl este deseori criticat ca fiind 'line-noise' pentru că structura limbajului poate produce cod aparent ilizibil. Există concursuri de Perl golf( <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theperlreview.com/Articles/v0i4/golf.pdf">1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090824044354/http://www.theperlreview.com/Articles/v0i4/golf.pdf">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2009-08-24">24 august 2009</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. , <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://codegolf.com/">2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113152453/http://codegolf.com/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-01-13">13 ianuarie 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. ), și <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perlmonks.org/?node=Obfuscated%20Code">Perl obfu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2016/05/msg236242.html">„Perl 5.24.0 is now available!”</a>. www.nntp.perl.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-25">25 mai 2016</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perl+5.24.0+is+now+available%21&rft.pub=www.nntp.perl.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nntp.perl.org%2Fgroup%2Fperl.perl5.porters%2F2016%2F05%2Fmsg236242.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APerl" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-licensing-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-licensing_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dev.perl.org/licenses">„Perl Licensing”</a>. dev.perl.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-01-08">8 ianuarie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perl+Licensing&rft.pub=dev.perl.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdev.perl.org%2Flicenses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APerl" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">perlintro(1) man page</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perldoc.perl.org/perltoot.html">Documentație perltoot</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perldoc.perl.org/perlboot.html">Documentație perlboot</a></span> </li> 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