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Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Adăugare limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Perl" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perl"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="selected collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. 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tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Perl" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DPerl%26action%3Dedit"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DPerl%26action%3Dedit"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42478" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">← <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>Nu aveți permisiunea de a modifica această pagină, din următorul motiv: </p> <div class="permissions-errors"><div class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"><b>Your IP address is in a range that has been <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks">blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis</a>.</b> <p>The block was made by <a 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The reason given is <i><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </i>. </p> <ul><li>Start of block: 27 august 2023 17:12</li> <li>Expiry of block: 27 august 2028 17:12</li></ul> <p>Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. The blocked range is 8.222.128.0/17. </p><p>Vă rugăm să includeți toate detaliile de mai sus în orice mesaje. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. </p> Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Puteți vedea și copia codul sursă al paginii: </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="ro" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Infobox programming language | name = Perl | logo = [[File:Programming-republic-of-perl.png]] | paradigm = [[multi-paradigmă]]: funcțional, imperativ, [[POO|obiect-orientat]], reflectiv, procedural, event-driven, generic | year = {{Start date and age|1987}} | designer = [[Larry Wall]] | developer = Larry Wall | latest_release_version = 5.24.0<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2016/05/msg236242.html | title = Perl 5.24.0 is now available! | accessdate = 2016-05-25 | publisher = www.nntp.perl.org }}</ref> | latest_release_date = {{Start date and age|mf=yes|2016|05|09}} | latest_preview_version = 5.23.2<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2015/08/msg230298.html | title = perl-5.23.2 is now available | publisher = perl.org | date = 2015-08-20 | accessdate = 2015-08-25}}</ref> | latest_preview_date = {{Start date and age|mf=yes|2015|08|20}} | turing-complete = Da | typing = Dinamic | influenced_by = [[AWK (limbaj de programare)|AWK]], [[Smalltalk 80]], [[Lisp (limbaj de programare)|Lisp]], [[C (limbaj de programare)|C]], [[C++]], [[sed]], [[Unix shell]], [[Pascal (limbaj de programare)|Pascal]] | influenced = [[Python (limbaj de programare)|Python]], [[PHP]], [[Ruby (limbaj de programare)|Ruby]], [[ECMAScript]]/[[Javascript]], [[LPC (limbaj de programare)|LPC]], [[Windows PowerShell]], [[Falcon (limbaj de programare)|Falcon]], [[Perl 6]], [[Qore (limbaj de programare)|Qore]], [[Julia (limbaj de programare)|Julia]] | programming_language = [[C (limbaj de programare)|C]] | operating_system = [[Multiplatformă]] | license = [[GNU General Public License]] sau [[Artistic License]]<ref name='licensing'>{{cite web | url = http://dev.perl.org/licenses | title = Perl Licensing | accessdate = 2011-01-08 | publisher = dev.perl.org}}</ref> | website = {{url|https://www.perl.org}} | file_ext = .pl .pm .t .pod | wikibooks = Perl Programming }} '''Perl''' este un limbaj de programare [[programare dinamică|dinamic]], [[programare procedurală|procedural]], creat de Lary Wall în 1987. Perl împrumută caracteristicile limbajelor [[Limbajul C|C]], [[Unix shell|shell]], [[AWK (programming language)|AWK]], [[sed]], [[Limbajul Lisp|Lisp]] și ale multor alte limbaje într-o măsură mai mică. O caracteristică importantă care deosebește Perl de alte limbaje este faptul că beneficiază de un repository numit [http://search.cpan.org/ CPAN] ce conține module open-source bine documentate. Utilizarea [http://search.cpan.org/ CPAN] pentru re-folosirea codului deja scris este încurajată. == Prezentare generală == Conform paginii de manual perlintro(1) :Perl este un [[limbaj de programare generic]] inițial dezvoltat pentru manipularea de text și în prezent folosit pentru o gamă largă de aplicații inclusiv administrarea de sisteme, dezvoltare web, aplicații de rețea, interfețe grafice și altele. :Limbajul intenționează să fie practic, ușor de folosit, eficient, complet. Caracteristicile principale sunt ușurința de utilizare, suport pentru [[programare procedurală]] și [[obiectual]]ă, are integrat un suport puternic pentru procesarea de text și o colecție mare de module provenite de la terți.<ref>perlintro(1) man page</ref> === Design === Designul Perl poate fi înțeles ca un răspuns la trei mari tendințe în industria calculatoarelor: scăderea prețurilor la hardware, creșterea costurilor de dezvoltare, îmbunătățiri în tehnologia compilatoarelor. Multe limbaje apărute înainte, cum ar fi [[Fortran]] sau [[Limbajul C|C]] au fost concepute pentru a utiliza eficient resursele hardware scumpe la momentul respectiv. Perl are multe caracteristici care ușurează sarcina programatorului cu prețul unei mai mari utilizări a procesorului și a memoriei. Acestea includ un garbage collector , tipuri dinamice, string-uri, liste, [[Expresie regulată|expresii regulate]] și o funcție <code>eval()</code>. În Perl se pot implementa elemente de programare functională([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_Order_Perl Higher Order Perl]) și programare orientata pe obiect([http://www.manning.com/conway/ Object oriented Perl]). === Comunitate === Limbajul Perl și-a format o comunitate relativ mare. Site-ul [http://www.perlmonks.org/ Perlmonks.org] e un forum dar și o sursa de informații referitoare la Perl, conține o serie de tutoriale foarte detaliate. De asemenea, pe IRC există câteva canale care au ca subiect limbajul Perl. Aceste canale oferă suport pentru limbajul Perl sau pentru anumite module. {| class="wikitable" border="1" |- ! Retea IRC ! Canale |- | FreeNode ( irc.freenode.net ) | #poe , #perl , #cbstream , #perlcafe |- | irc.perl.org | #moose , #poe , #catalyst , #dbix-class , #perl-help |- | irc.oftc.net | #perl |- | irc.efnet.net | #perlhelp |} === Implementare === Următoarele implementări de Perl sunt disponibile: * [http://strawberryperl.com/ Strawberry Perl] * [http://vanillaperl.com/ Vanilla Perl] * [http://www.activestate.com/activeperl/ ActiveState Perl] * [http://www.cpan.org/ports/#win32 Alte distributii] Installer pentru Perl și alte pachete * [http://code.google.com/p/camelbox/ Camelbox] === Disponibilitate === [[File:LAMP software bundle.svg|thumb|250px|[[LAMP]] poate cuprinde și Perl]] Perl este disponibil pe sistemele de operare Windows, *UNIX, Linux și Mac OS X. == Structura Limbajului == === Program exemplu === <nowiki>#</nowiki>!/usr/bin/perl print "Hello, world!\n"; === Tipuri de date === * Scalari <pre> $a = 12; $b = 'foo'; $c = 3.14324324234; </pre> ** Referințe către scalari , liste și hash-uri * Liste(sau Array) ** anonime <pre> ('a','foo',123) </pre> * Referința la o lista în următorul mod <pre> my @lista = (1,2,3); my $referinta_la_lista = \@lista; </pre> * Hash(cu chei unice) <pre> %hash = ( foo => 'bar' , tar => 123 , ) </pre> * blessed-hashes , blessed-scalars. Cu aceste tipuri de date se pot construi obiecte și deci OOP.<ref>[http://perldoc.perl.org/perltoot.html Documentație perltoot]</ref><ref>[http://perldoc.perl.org/perlboot.html Documentație perlboot]</ref><ref>[http://perldoc.perl.org/perlobj.html Documentație perlobj]</ref><ref>[http://perldoc.perl.org/overload.html Documentație overload]</ref><ref>[http://search.cpan.org/~drolsky/Moose-0.92/lib/Moose.pm Moose]</ref> === Structuri de control === * for(@lista){...} sau for my $iter(@lista){ $iter...} sau expr for expr sau for($i=0;$i<$j;$i++){...} * foreach(@lista){...} * while(expr){...} sau expr while expr; * until(expr){...} sau expr until expr; * if(expr) * unless(expr) - acealsi lucru cu if(!expr) * [http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/grep.html grep] {block} (lista) ( returnează doar elementele din lista pt care block e evaluat true) * [http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/map.html map] { block } (lista) ( returnează o lista cu valorile returnate de block pentru fiecare element din lista) * [http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/each.html each] pentru iterarea unui hash după tuplu (cheie,valoare) * [http://perldoc.perl.org/perlsyn.html#Switch-statements given/when] este varianta de switch din C/C++ a lui Perl , introdusa in Perl 5.10 * [http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sort.html sort] { comparator } (array) . sortează o listă după funcția "comparator" care returnează -1,0,1 în funcție de $a și $b care sunt variabilele comparate * [http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/next.html next] , [http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/continue.html continue] * [http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/shift.html shift] , [http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/unshift.html unshift] , [http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/push.html push] , [http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/pop.html pop] sunt operații pentru liste/stive în Perl * [http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/eval.html eval](expr). În cazul în care expresia expr produce o eroare, aceasta e stocată în $@ Toate structurile repetitive pot fi antepuse sau postpuse în Perl. Observație: În Perl [http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/do.html do] nu este structură de control repetitivă. === Subrutine === * Se declară cu <pre> sub _numele_subrutinei_ { # code here } </pre> * Se apelează cu <pre> _numele_subrutinei_( _parametri_ ); </pre> * În subrutină parametrii se regăsesc în @_ Ei pot fi accesați cu @_[index] sau $_[index]. * Exemplu <pre> #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use warnings; display('foo'); sub display { my $message = shift; # shift se face implicit pe @_ # o alta metoda e: my ($message) = @_ print $message; } </pre> Observație: nu e obligatoriu ca subrutina să fie definită înaintea apelului acesteia (ca în cazul C-ului de exemplu) În general dacă sunt mai mulți parametri se poate folosi <pre> sub display { my ($param1,$param2,$param3) = @_; } </pre> === Interfețe pentru baze de date === DBI <pre> use DBI; my $dbh = DBI->connect($data_source, $username, $auth, \%attr); // conectarea la o bază de date my $query = $dbh->do("query"); // sau my $query = $dbh->prepare("query"); $query->execute($argumente); </pre> === Module importante Perl === * Framework pentru OOP [http://search.cpan.org/~drolsky/Moose-0.92/lib/Moose.pm Moose] * Framework-uri web ** [http://search.cpan.org/~flora/Catalyst-Runtime-5.80013/lib/Catalyst.pm Catalyst] ** [http://search.cpan.org/~markstos/CGI-Application-4.31/lib/CGI/Application.pm CGI::Application] ** [http://search.cpan.org/~sukria/Dancer-0.9905/lib/Dancer.pm Dancer] ** [http://mojolicio.us/ Mojolicious] * Framework pentru programare concurentă [http://search.cpan.org/~rcaputo/POE-1.269/lib/POE.pm POE] * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-relational_mapping ORM] pentru Perl [http://search.cpan.org/~ribasushi/DBIx-Class-0.08112/lib/DBIx/Class.pm DBIx::Class] * Motor de templetizare [http://search.cpan.org/~abw/Template-Toolkit-2.22/lib/Template/Toolkit.pod TT] * Module pentru serializarea structurilor de date(folositoare printre altele și pentru debugging) [http://search.cpan.org/~smueller/Data-Dumper-2.125/Dumper.pm Data::Dumper] [http://search.cpan.org/~yves/Data-Dump-Streamer-2.09/ Data::Dump::Streamer] [http://search.cpan.org/~nkh/Data-TreeDumper-0.35/TreeDumper.pm Data::TreeDumper] * Modul pentru extragerea informațiilor din fișiere format HTML/XML [http://search.cpan.org/~petek/HTML-Tree-3.23/lib/HTML/TreeBuilder.pm HTML::TreeBuilder] [http://search.cpan.org/~mirod/HTML-TreeBuilder-XPath-0.11/lib/HTML/TreeBuilder/XPath.pm HTML::TreeBuilder::XPath] * Modul pentru automatizare pagini web [http://search.cpan.org/~petdance/WWW-Mechanize-1.60/lib/WWW/Mechanize.pm WWW::Mechanize] [http://search.cpan.org/~dmaki/Gungho-0.09008/lib/Gungho.pm Gungho] === Contra === Perl este deseori criticat ca fiind 'line-noise' pentru că structura limbajului poate produce cod aparent ilizibil. Există concursuri de Perl golf( [http://www.theperlreview.com/Articles/v0i4/golf.pdf 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090824044354/http://www.theperlreview.com/Articles/v0i4/golf.pdf |date=2009-08-24 }} , [http://codegolf.com/ 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113152453/http://codegolf.com/ |date=2012-01-13 }} ), și [http://www.perlmonks.org/?node=Obfuscated%20Code Perl obfu]. == Note == {{listănote|2}} == Hiperlegături == * {{en icon}} [http://linuxmanpages.com/man1/perl.1.php Pagina de manual] * {{en icon}} [http://www.perlmonks.org/ Perlmonks.org] * {{en icon}} [http://perlbuzz.com/ Știri din comunitatea Perl] * {{en icon}} [http://www.perl.com/pub/q/Article_Archive articole Perl perl.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925112346/http://www.perl.com/pub/q/Article_Archive |date=2009-09-25 }} * {{en icon}} [http://rakudo.org/ Implementarea Rakudo a limbajului Perl6] * {{de icon}} [http://www.perl-community.de/bat/poard/start Forum Perl(in limba germana)] * {{ro icon}} [http://www.regex.ro/regex-in-perl/ Expresii regulate in Perl] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930193824/http://www.regex.ro/regex-in-perl/ |date=2009-09-30 }} * {{ro icon}} [http://profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/publications/articles/regexp.pdf Expresii regulate in Perl (Sabin Corneliu Buraga, Victor Tarhon-Onu)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912224210/http://profs.info.uaic.ro/~busaco/publications/articles/regexp.pdf |date=2011-09-12 }} {{Aplicații frameworks}} {{Control de autoritate}} [[Categorie:Limbaje de programare]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Formate folosite în această pagină: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Format:Aplica%C8%9Bii_frameworks" title="Format:Aplicații frameworks">Format:Aplicații frameworks</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Format:Aplica%C8%9Bii_frameworks&action=edit" title="Format:Aplicații frameworks">modificare</a>) </li><li><a 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