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Research and Strategies to Prevent Radicalisation and Violent Extremism
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languages: </p> </header> <div class="c-language-list"> <span role="button" class="c-language-bubble"> <a class="c-language-bubble__label" lang="de" aria-label="de" href="/article/id/443390-research-and-strategies-to-prevent-radicalisation-and-violent-extremism/de">DE</a> </span> <span role="button" class="c-language-bubble c-language-bubble--active"> <a class="c-language-bubble__label" lang="en" aria-label="en" href="/article/id/443390-research-and-strategies-to-prevent-radicalisation-and-violent-extremism">EN</a> </span> <span role="button" class="c-language-bubble"> <a class="c-language-bubble__label" lang="es" aria-label="es" href="/article/id/443390-research-and-strategies-to-prevent-radicalisation-and-violent-extremism/es">ES</a> </span> <span role="button" class="c-language-bubble"> <a class="c-language-bubble__label" lang="fr" aria-label="fr" href="/article/id/443390-research-and-strategies-to-prevent-radicalisation-and-violent-extremism/fr">FR</a> </span> <span role="button" class="c-language-bubble"> <a class="c-language-bubble__label" lang="it" aria-label="it" href="/article/id/443390-research-and-strategies-to-prevent-radicalisation-and-violent-extremism/it">IT</a> </span> <span role="button" class="c-language-bubble"> <a class="c-language-bubble__label" lang="pl" aria-label="pl" href="/article/id/443390-research-and-strategies-to-prevent-radicalisation-and-violent-extremism/pl">PL</a> </span> </div> </section> <article class="col-12 col-lg-8 no-machine-trans"> <header> <h1 class="c-article__project-title">Research and Strategies to Prevent Radicalisation and Violent Extremism</h1> </header> <p class="c-teaser">The EU was established with the aim to provide common ground, literally and metaphorically, for its members to thrive in a stable and secure environment, being ‘united in diversity.’ The emergence of violent extremism, populism and radicalisation undermines European cohesion, unsettling the Union’s foundations and fostering insecurity among its citizens.</p> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row c-article__below-teaser"> <div class="c-article__domains col-12 col-md-auto"> <div class="c-article__domains-icons"> <a href="/domain-of-application/society" class="c-domain-link c-domain-link--text"> <img class="c-domain-link__img" src="/images/domains_icon/society.svg" alt="Society icon" width="65" height="65" /> <span class="c-domain-link__text c-domain-link__text--society">Society</span> </a> </div> <div class="c-article__domains-icons"> <a href="/domain-of-application/security" class="c-domain-link c-domain-link--text"> <img class="c-domain-link__img" src="/images/domains_icon/secur.svg" alt="Security icon" width="65" height="65" /> <span class="c-domain-link__text c-domain-link__text--secur">Security</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-hero-image"> <figure class="c-hero-image__figure t-margin-bottom-25" aria-hidden="true"> <img class="c-hero-image__img" src="/docs/article/images/2023-05/443390.jpg" alt="" width="688" height="516"> <figcaption class="c-hero-image__caption">© Alexandros Michailidis, Shutterstock.com</figcaption> </figure> </div> <p class="c-article__text ">For some, different ideological traditions or religious or political beliefs serve as flags of an ‘otherness’ they believe must be subdued. Impactful events may also give rise to extreme nationalist groups and/or tendencies. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, for example, in addition to the terrible human losses and destructions it causes in the country under attack, also deeply affects the social fabric of the occupying country as well as European societies in various ways. Not only did it lead to issues such as inflation and a new energy crisis, it also brought to light again another, more sinister façade of human nature often associated with societies in conflict. Extremist narratives surrounding the war emerged, leading to mounting polarisation in society and undermining stability. Ever since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, addressing radicalisation and violent extremism has been and continues to be at the forefront of EU domestic and foreign security strategies. This challenge has prompted researchers to try to provide a better understanding of collective and individual triggers, geopolitical contexts, economic interests, diffusion channels and narratives. The goal is ultimately to shed light on why individuals embrace, support and act on extremist ideologies and movements that justify violence. Creating and sharing such knowledge constitute the first and most crucial step towards shaping resilient societies and designing interventions to protect the safety and well-being of all EU citizens.</p> <h2 class="c-article__title">An approach for unity, cohesion and security across the EU</h2> <p class="c-article__text ">A wide range of approaches (national security, international cooperation, social psychology, social policies, ethnography of social networks) turn the spotlight on the people and communities concerned. Moreover, they focus on possible ways to address their challenges in order to build new forms of resilience and a common, inclusive sense of social cohesion against hateful and discriminatory extremist thinking and actions. At a policy level, initiatives such as the <a href="https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-03/2022-2023%20Strategic%20orientations%20on%20a%20coordinated%20EU%20approach%20to%20prevention%20of%20radicalisation_en.pdf" class="link--external" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EU Strategic Orientations on a coordinated approach to prevention of radicalization</a> ensure that actions taken at EU level address and are aligned with the needs and priorities of stakeholders in Member States. Equally, the <a href="https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran_en" class="link--external" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Radicalisation Awareness Network - RAN</a> connects frontline practitioners from across Europe to exchange knowledge and approaches to preventing and countering violent extremism in all its forms. Moreover, the <a href="https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/news/security-union-counter-terrorism-agenda-and-stronger-europol-boost-eus-resilience-2020-12-09_en" class="link--external" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Counter-Terrorism Agenda</a> aims to boost the EU’s resilience to terrorist threats, while legislation such as <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/784/oj" class="link--external" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Regulation EU 2021/784</a> tackles the dissemination of terrorist content online. The European Democracy Action Plan also identifies the need to counter radicalisation and disinformation, as a way to strengthen the resilience of EU democracies.</p> <h2 class="c-article__title">Preventing and countering violent extremism – 15 ways</h2> <p class="c-article__text ">Youth were at the heart of the <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/443333-community-based-strategies-prevent-violent-extremism-among-youth">CONNEKT</a> and the <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/443338-an-empathetic-approach-to-youth-radicalisation-in-europe">ISLAM-OPHOB-ISM</a> projects: the former explored what draws young people to acts of violent extremism, while the latter analysed and contrasted the processes behind the radicalisation of native European youths, who support movements labelled as far-right, and Muslim-origin youths with a migration background. Religion can be a polarising social factor, and while freedom of thought, belief, and religion is a fundamental right in the EU and in democratic societies at large, religious diversity remains for some groups a controversial issue and can be abused as a pretext to justify violence. <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/443335-analysing-cultural-factors-to-raise-resilience-and-reduce-radicalisation">GREASE</a> engaged researchers from around the world to investigate the connection between state-religion relations, governance of religious diversity and violent radicalisation processes. <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/443343-looking-to-the-past-docutube-helps-teens-think-reflect-and-discuss-religion">RETOPEA</a>, on the other hand, investigated the relationship between religion and society from a historical point of view. For decades, and more pronouncedly in recent years, populist movements have been finding their way into politics, sometimes voicing legitimate discontent in a society but actually leading to violent radicalisation, discrimination, hatred and disharmony in the political sphere. <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/443334-countering-the-populist-threat-policy-recommendations-and-educational-tools">DEMOS</a> addressed the challenge of populism by studying it via the innovative prism of ‘democratic efficacy.’ Focusing on four different movements, <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/443341-the-multifaceted-interrelationship-between-protest-and-democratic-order">POWDER</a> combined a theoretical interpretive approach and empirically sound research to investigate the mechanics of political protest within contemporary democracies. <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/443340-new-insight-into-driving-factors-of-radicalisation-and-resilience-to-tackle-violent-extremism">PAVE</a> focused on the interconnection between community dynamics and violent extremism. Studying the factors that make communities resilient against radicalisation will lead to better tools for the EU to counteract the various aspects of the phenomenon. Therefore, <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/443342-material-grievances-make-some-communities-more-receptive-to-violent-extremism">PREVEX</a> sought to understand why some communities are more able to display increased resilience against violent extremism compared to others. <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/443336-in-depth-analysis-exposes-risk-factors-for-violent-extremism">GRIEVANCE</a> provided a new dimension to the fight against radicalisation by introducing innovative modelling approaches and data sets to better assess violent extremism risks. To that end, risk terrain modelling and discrete choice modelling were applied for the first time, paving the way for innovative research in the field. <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/443344-using-machine-learning-to-identify-political-violence-and-anticipate-conflict">ViEWS</a> employed machine learning algorithms to analyse a range of data sources related to past instances of violence. The premise was that predicting or anticipating the likelihood of conflict will better equip societies to take appropriate and timely action. Tolerance is a self-evident concept in the context of advanced societies. Surprisingly, though, it is not so easy to define. <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/443337-tolerance-one-of-those-things-we-cannot-not-want">InTo</a> explored the concept of intergroup toleration, aiming to provide a clearer definition of tolerance and through its findings stimulate broader debates around cultural diversity. The theme of <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/443339-no-laughing-matter-the-use-of-online-fun-as-a-tool-for-extreme-speech">ONLINERPOL</a> was a strange strategy used by right-wing actors to circumvent internet censorship: the element of ‘fun.’ By focusing on fun as a ‘meta-practice’ of online extreme speech, the project provided insight into how xenophobic and exclusionary nationalist politics have managed to find their place online. Meanwhile, <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/453236-unpacking-populism-how-personal-factors-shape-political-views">EXTREME</a> investigated past and present influences that inform the populist viewpoint and how populism is linked to extremism, and <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/453237-authority-order-and-the-role-of-religious-vigilantes">SACRASEC</a> studied how religion acts as a powerful factor maintaining civil order. Finally, <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/450461-understanding-and-preventing-violent-extremism-and-radicalisation">PARTICIPATION</a> took a holistic, bottom-up approach to stopping extremism and radicalisation, which involved in-depth analysis of what drives extremist behaviours, and the preparation and presentation of concrete solutions.</p> </article> <aside class="col-12 col-lg-4 c-article__aside"> <section class="c-aside-weblinks"> <span class="c-aside--category">Download</span> <button class="o-btn o-btn--large c-btn--pdf t-margin-bottom-15 webLink-button" id="btn-1ec0eb5c-7a1b-11ef-bbbe-01aa75ed71a1_pdf" data-id="1ec0eb5c-7a1b-11ef-bbbe-01aa75ed71a1_pdf">Brochure</button> <div class="c-modal c-modal--small" id="modal-1ec0eb5c-7a1b-11ef-bbbe-01aa75ed71a1_pdf"> <div class="c-modal__overlay"> <div class="c-modal__dialog" role="dialog"> <div class="c-modal__dialog-header"> <div class="c-modal__dialog-header-buttons"> <button class="c-modal__dialog-header-button 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class="c-card__domains"> <div class="c-card__domains-icons"> <div class="c-domain-icon c-domain-icon--small "> <img class="c-domain-icon__img" src="/images/domains_icon/secur.svg" alt="Security icon" width="65" height="65" /> </div> </div> </div> <p class="c-card__date">11 September 2024</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 c-article__card"> <a data-se="card_link" class="c-card " href="/article/id/443341-the-multifaceted-interrelationship-between-protest-and-democratic-order" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <div class="c-card__top"> <div class="c-card__image t-lazy-background" aria-hidden="true" style="background-image: url('/docs/article/images/2023-04/443341.jpg')" > </div> <div class="c-card__caption" data-se="card_caption"> Results in Brief </div> </div> <div class="c-card__information"> <span class="c-card__label">Society</span> <div class="c-card__main-text "> <span data-se="card_text" class="c-card__main-link t-line-clamp-5 "> The multifaceted interrelationship between protest and democratic order </span> </div> <div class="c-card__domains"> <div class="c-card__domains-icons"> <div class="c-domain-icon c-domain-icon--small "> <img class="c-domain-icon__img" src="/images/domains_icon/society.svg" alt="Society icon" width="65" height="65" /> </div> </div> </div> <p class="c-card__date">28 April 2023</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 c-article__card"> <a data-se="card_link" class="c-card " href="/article/id/453236-unpacking-populism-how-personal-factors-shape-political-views" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <div class="c-card__top"> <div class="c-card__image t-lazy-background" aria-hidden="true" style="background-image: url('/docs/article/images/2024-08/453236.jpg')" > </div> <div class="c-card__caption" data-se="card_caption"> Results in Brief </div> </div> <div class="c-card__information"> <span class="c-card__label">Security</span> <div class="c-card__main-text "> <span data-se="card_text" class="c-card__main-link t-line-clamp-5 "> Unpacking populism: How personal factors shape political views </span> </div> <div class="c-card__domains"> <div class="c-card__domains-icons"> <div class="c-domain-icon c-domain-icon--small "> <img class="c-domain-icon__img" src="/images/domains_icon/secur.svg" alt="Security icon" width="65" height="65" /> </div> </div> </div> <p class="c-card__date">11 September 2024</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 c-article__card"> <a data-se="card_link" class="c-card " href="/article/id/443335-analysing-cultural-factors-to-raise-resilience-and-reduce-radicalisation" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <div class="c-card__top"> <div class="c-card__image t-lazy-background" aria-hidden="true" style="background-image: url('/docs/article/images/2023-04/443335.jpg')" > </div> <div class="c-card__caption" data-se="card_caption"> Results in Brief </div> </div> <div class="c-card__information"> <span class="c-card__label">Society</span> <div class="c-card__main-text "> <span data-se="card_text" class="c-card__main-link t-line-clamp-5 "> Analysing cultural factors to raise resilience and reduce radicalisation </span> </div> <div class="c-card__domains"> <div class="c-card__domains-icons"> <div class="c-domain-icon c-domain-icon--small "> <img class="c-domain-icon__img" src="/images/domains_icon/society.svg" alt="Society icon" width="65" height="65" /> </div> </div> </div> <p class="c-card__date">11 September 2024</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 c-article__card"> <a data-se="card_link" class="c-card " href="/article/id/450461-understanding-and-preventing-violent-extremism-and-radicalisation" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <div class="c-card__top"> <div class="c-card__image t-lazy-background" aria-hidden="true" style="background-image: url('/docs/article/images/2024-03/450461.jpg')" > </div> <div class="c-card__caption" data-se="card_caption"> Results in Brief </div> </div> <div class="c-card__information"> <span class="c-card__label">Society</span> <div class="c-card__main-text "> <span data-se="card_text" class="c-card__main-link t-line-clamp-5 "> Understanding – and preventing – violent extremism and radicalisation </span> </div> <div class="c-card__domains"> <div class="c-card__domains-icons"> <div class="c-domain-icon c-domain-icon--small "> <img class="c-domain-icon__img" src="/images/domains_icon/society.svg" alt="Society icon" width="65" height="65" /> </div> </div> </div> <p class="c-card__date">11 September 2024</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 c-article__card"> <a data-se="card_link" class="c-card " href="/article/id/443334-countering-the-populist-threat-policy-recommendations-and-educational-tools" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <div class="c-card__top"> <div class="c-card__image t-lazy-background" aria-hidden="true" style="background-image: url('/docs/article/images/2023-04/443334.jpg')" > </div> <div class="c-card__caption" data-se="card_caption"> Results in Brief </div> </div> <div class="c-card__information"> <span class="c-card__label">Society</span> <div class="c-card__main-text "> <span data-se="card_text" class="c-card__main-link t-line-clamp-5 "> Countering the populist threat: policy recommendations and educational tools </span> </div> <div class="c-card__domains"> <div class="c-card__domains-icons"> <div class="c-domain-icon c-domain-icon--small "> <img class="c-domain-icon__img" src="/images/domains_icon/society.svg" alt="Society icon" width="65" height="65" /> </div> </div> </div> <p class="c-card__date">28 April 2023</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 c-article__card"> <a data-se="card_link" class="c-card " href="/article/id/443344-using-machine-learning-to-identify-political-violence-and-anticipate-conflict" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <div class="c-card__top"> <div class="c-card__image t-lazy-background" aria-hidden="true" style="background-image: url('/docs/article/images/2023-04/443344.jpg')" > </div> <div class="c-card__caption" data-se="card_caption"> Results in Brief </div> </div> <div class="c-card__information"> <span class="c-card__label">Society</span> <div class="c-card__main-text "> <span data-se="card_text" class="c-card__main-link t-line-clamp-5 "> Using machine learning to identify political violence and anticipate conflict </span> </div> <div class="c-card__domains"> <div class="c-card__domains-icons"> <div class="c-domain-icon c-domain-icon--small "> <img class="c-domain-icon__img" src="/images/domains_icon/society.svg" alt="Society icon" width="65" height="65" /> </div> </div> </div> <p class="c-card__date">28 April 2023</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 c-article__card"> <a data-se="card_link" class="c-card " href="/article/id/443339-no-laughing-matter-the-use-of-online-fun-as-a-tool-for-extreme-speech" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <div class="c-card__top"> <div class="c-card__image t-lazy-background" aria-hidden="true" style="background-image: url('/docs/article/images/2023-04/443339.jpg')" > </div> <div class="c-card__caption" data-se="card_caption"> Results in Brief </div> </div> <div class="c-card__information"> <span class="c-card__label">Society</span> <div class="c-card__main-text "> <span data-se="card_text" class="c-card__main-link t-line-clamp-5 "> No laughing matter: the use of online ‘fun’ as a tool for extreme speech </span> </div> <div class="c-card__domains"> <div class="c-card__domains-icons"> <div class="c-domain-icon c-domain-icon--small "> <img class="c-domain-icon__img" src="/images/domains_icon/society.svg" alt="Society icon" width="65" height="65" /> </div> </div> </div> <p class="c-card__date">28 April 2023</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 c-article__card"> <a data-se="card_link" class="c-card " href="/article/id/443336-in-depth-analysis-exposes-risk-factors-for-violent-extremism" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <div class="c-card__top"> <div class="c-card__image t-lazy-background" aria-hidden="true" style="background-image: url('/docs/article/images/2023-04/443336.jpg')" > </div> <div class="c-card__caption" data-se="card_caption"> Results in Brief </div> </div> <div class="c-card__information"> <span class="c-card__label">Society</span> <div class="c-card__main-text "> <span data-se="card_text" class="c-card__main-link t-line-clamp-5 "> In-depth analysis exposes risk factors for violent extremism </span> </div> <div class="c-card__domains"> <div class="c-card__domains-icons"> <div class="c-domain-icon c-domain-icon--small "> <img class="c-domain-icon__img" src="/images/domains_icon/society.svg" alt="Society icon" width="65" height="65" /> </div> </div> </div> <p class="c-card__date">28 April 2023</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 c-article__card"> <a data-se="card_link" class="c-card " href="/article/id/443337-tolerance-one-of-those-things-we-cannot-not-want" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <div 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id="booklet-completion-modal-error"> <div class="c-modal__overlay"> <div class="c-modal__dialog" role="dialog"> <div class="c-modal__dialog-header"> <div class="c-modal__dialog-header-buttons"> <button class="c-modal__dialog-header-button c-modal__dialog-header-button--close" aria-label="Close dialog"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="fa-solid fa-xmark"></span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="c-modal__dialog-body"> <h2 class="o-title o-title--h2 c-selector-booklet-modal-failure-title">The generation of your booklet {{ title }} has failed</h2> <div class="c-booklet-modal__text c-selector-booklet-modal-failure-txt">The generation of your booklet {{ title }} has failed. Please check your My Booklet page for more information</div> <a class="o-btn o-btn--light c-link-btn" href="/booklet"> View all booklets </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="envUrl" data-env="https://cordis.europa.eu"></div> <div id="uiLanguage" data-lang=en></div> <div id="contentLanguage" data-lang=en></div> <div id="surveyDoCheck" data-survey-do-check="false"></div> <div id="surveyYear" data-survey-year="2023"></div> <div position="bottom-center" class="p-element p-toaster"> <div class="p-toast p-component p-toast-bottom-center"> <div class="p-element"> <div class="p-toast-message" style="transform: translateY(0px); opacity: 1;"> <div role="alert" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true" class="p-toast-message-content"> <div class="p-toast-message-text"> <div class="p-toast-summary" data-bookletok="Item added to booklet" data-bookletnok="Item could not be added" data-cookies="Your cookie preference has been updated." ></div> <div class="p-toast-detail"></div> </div> <span class="p-toaster-icon"></span> <button type="button" class="p-ripple p-element p-toast-icon-close p-link" aria-label="Close"> <span class="fa-solid fa-xmark"></span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="/assets/libs/op_piwik_pro_production.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <noscript> <iframe title="analytic" src="//opanalytics.containers.piwik.pro/f0483949-d65d-4b24-a9ff-82b5105d06fe/noscript.html" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" aria-hidden="true"></iframe> </noscript> <script type="application/json">{ "utility": "globan", "renderTo": "#globan-here", "lang": "en", "theme": "dark", "logo": true, "link": true, "mode": false, "zindex" : 40 }</script> <script src="/build/libs/moment.min.js"></script> <script src="/build/libs/ecl-ec.js"></script> <script> ECL.autoInit(); </script> </body> </html>