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id="siteSub">Art铆culo de la Enciclopedia Libre Universal en Espa帽ol.</h3> <!-- /tagline --> <!-- subtitle --> <div id="contentSub"></div> <!-- /subtitle --> <!-- jumpto --> <div id="jump-to-nav"> Saltar a <a href="#mw-head">navegaci贸n</a>, <a href="#p-search">buscar</a> </div> <!-- /jumpto --> <!-- bodytext --> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" width="330" align="right" style="margin-left:15px;"> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Archivo:Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica_Calcio.png" class="image" title="Posici贸n del calcio en la tabla peri贸dica; grupo 2, periodo 4"><img alt="Posici贸n del calcio en la tabla peri贸dica; grupo 2, periodo 4" src="/web/20110514044544im_/http://enciclopedia.us.es/images/0/06/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica_Calcio.png" width="289" height="71"/></a><br/><small> Ver <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica_de_los_elementos" title="Tabla peri贸dica de los elementos">tabla completa</a></small><p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Elemento_qu%C3%ADmico" title="Elemento qu铆mico">Nombre</a>, <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/S%C3%ADmbolo_qu%C3%ADmico" title="S铆mbolo qu铆mico">s铆mbolo</a>, <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/N%C3%BAmero_at%C3%B3mico" title="N煤mero at贸mico">Z</a>: </td><td> Calcio, Ca, 20 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Serie_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Serie qu铆mica">Serie qu铆mica</a>: </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Metal_alcalinot%C3%A9rreo" title="Metal alcalinot茅rreo">Alcalinot茅rreos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Grupo_de_la_tabla_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Grupo de la tabla peri贸dica">Grupo</a>, <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Periodo_de_la_tabla_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Periodo de la tabla peri贸dica">periodo</a>, <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Bloque_de_la_tabla_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Bloque de la tabla peri贸dica">bloque</a>: </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Elementos_del_grupo_2" title="Elementos del grupo 2" class="mw-redirect">2</a>, <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Elementos_del_periodo_4" title="Elementos del periodo 4">4</a> , <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Elementos_del_bloque_s" title="Elementos del bloque s">s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Configuraci%C3%B3n_electr%C3%B3nica" title="Configuraci贸n electr贸nica">Configuraci贸n electr贸nica</a>: </td><td> [<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Arg%C3%B3n" title="Arg贸n">Ar</a>] 4<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Orbital" title="Orbital">s</a><sup>2</sup> </td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"> Propiedades at贸micas </th></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Masa_at%C3%B3mica" title="Masa at贸mica">Masa at贸mica</a>: </td><td> 40,078 <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Uma" title="Uma" class="mw-redirect">uma</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Radio_at%C3%B3mico" title="Radio at贸mico">Radio at贸mico</a>: </td><td> 194 p<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Metro" title="Metro">m</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Medio <small>†</small> </td><td> 180 pm </td></tr> <tr> <td> - <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Radio_covalente" title="Radio covalente">Covalente</a> </td><td> 174 pm </td></tr> <tr> <td> - <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Radio_de_Van_der_Waals" title="Radio de Van der Waals">De Van der Waals</a> </td><td> Sin datos </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/N%C3%BAmero_de_oxidaci%C3%B3n" title="N煤mero de oxidaci贸n" class="mw-redirect">N潞 de oxidaci贸n</a> (<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/%C3%93xido" title="脫xido">贸xido</a>): </td><td> 2 (<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Base" title="Base">base</a> fuerte) </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Electronegatividad" title="Electronegatividad">Electronegatividad</a>: </td><td> 1,00 (<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Escala_Pauling" title="Escala Pauling" class="mw-redirect">Pauling</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Potencial_de_ionizaci%C3%B3n" title="Potencial de ionizaci贸n" class="mw-redirect">Potencial de ionizaci贸n</a>: </td><td> 589,8 k<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Julio" title="Julio">J</a>/<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Mol" title="Mol">mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table width="100%"> <tr> <td width="50%"> - 2.潞 = 1145,4 </td><td> - 3.潞 = 4912,4 </td></tr></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <small><sup> <hr/> <p>† </sup>Calculado a partir de distintas longitudes de enlace covalente, met谩lico o i贸nico.</small> </p> </td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"> Propiedades f铆sicas </th></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Estado_de_la_materia" title="Estado de la materia">Estado</a>: </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/S%C3%B3lido" title="S贸lido">S贸lido</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Redes_de_Bravais" title="Redes de Bravais">Estructura cristalina</a>: </td><td> C煤bica centrada<br/>en las caras </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Color" title="Color">Color</a>: </td><td> Blanco plateado </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Densidad" title="Densidad">Densidad</a>: </td><td> 1550 (<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Kilogramo" title="Kilogramo">kg</a>/<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Metro_c%C3%BAbico" title="Metro c煤bico">m³</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Dureza" title="Dureza">Dureza</a>: </td><td> 1,75 (<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Escala_Mohs" title="Escala Mohs" class="mw-redirect">Mohs</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Conductividad_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Conductividad el茅ctrica">Conductividad el茅ctrica</a>: </td><td> 29,8<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Notaci%C3%B3n_cient%C3%ADfica" title="Notaci贸n cient铆fica">×</a>10<sup>6</sup> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Siemens" title="Siemens">S</a>/m </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Conductividad_t%C3%A9rmica" title="Conductividad t茅rmica" class="mw-redirect">Conductividad t茅rmica</a>: </td><td> 201 <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Vatio" title="Vatio">W</a>/(m路K) </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Calor_espec%C3%ADfico" title="Calor espec铆fico">Calor espec铆fico</a>: </td><td> 632 J/<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Kilogramo" title="Kilogramo">kg</a>路<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Punto_de_fusi%C3%B3n" title="Punto de fusi贸n">Punto de fusi贸n</a>: </td><td> 1115 K </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Entalp%C3%ADa_de_fusi%C3%B3n" title="Entalp铆a de fusi贸n">Entalp铆a de fusi贸n</a>: </td><td> 8,54 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Punto_de_ebullici%C3%B3n" title="Punto de ebullici贸n">Punto de ebullici贸n</a>: </td><td> 1757 K </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Entalp%C3%ADa_de_vaporizaci%C3%B3n" title="Entalp铆a de vaporizaci贸n">Entalp铆a de vaporizaci贸n</a>: </td><td> 153,6 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Presi%C3%B3n_de_vapor" title="Presi贸n de vapor">Presi贸n de vapor</a>: </td><td> 254 <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Pascal" title="Pascal">Pa</a> a 1112 K </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Velocidad_del_sonido" title="Velocidad del sonido">Velocidad del sonido</a>: </td><td> 3810 m/s a 293,15 K </td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"> Is贸topos m谩s estables </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%"> <tr align="center"> <td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Is%C3%B3topo" title="Is贸topo">iso.</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Abundancia_natural" title="Abundancia natural">AN</a> (%) </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Vida_media" title="Vida media">Vida media</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Desintegraci%C3%B3n" title="Desintegraci贸n">MD</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Energ%C3%ADa_de_desintegraci%C3%B3n" title="Energ铆a de desintegraci贸n">ED</a> (<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/MeV" title="MeV">MeV</a>) </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Producto_de_desintegraci%C3%B3n" title="Producto de desintegraci贸n">PD</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <sup>40</sup>Ca </td><td> <b>96,941</b> </td><td colspan="4"> El Ca es <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Is%C3%B3topo_estable" title="Is贸topo estable">estable</a> con 20 <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Neutr%C3%B3n_(part%C3%ADcula)" title="Neutr贸n (part铆cula)">neutrones</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <sup>41</sup>Ca </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Radiois%C3%B3topo_sint%C3%A9tico" title="Radiois贸topo sint茅tico">Sint茅tico</a> </td><td> 103000 <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/A%C3%B1o" title="A帽o">a</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Captura_electr%C3%B3nica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Captura electr贸nica (la p谩gina no existe)">ε</a> </td><td> 0,421 </td><td> <sup>41</sup><a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Potasio" title="Potasio">K</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <sup>42</sup>Ca </td><td> 0,647 </td><td colspan="4"> El Ca es estable con 22 neutrones </td></tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <sup>43</sup>Ca </td><td> 0,135 </td><td colspan="4"> El Ca es estable con 23 neutrones </td></tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <sup>44</sup>Ca </td><td> 2,086 </td><td colspan="4"> El Ca es estable con 24 neutrones </td></tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <sup>46</sup>Ca </td><td> 0,004 </td><td colspan="4"> El Ca es estable con 26 neutrones </td></tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <sup>48</sup>Ca </td><td> 0,187 </td><td> > 6<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Notaci%C3%B3n_cient%C3%ADfica" title="Notaci贸n cient铆fica">E</a>18 <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/A%C3%B1o" title="A帽o">a</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Desintegraci%C3%B3n_beta" title="Desintegraci贸n beta" class="mw-redirect">β<sup>-</sup></a> </td><td> 4,272 </td><td> <sup>48</sup><a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Titanio" title="Titanio">Ti</a> </td></tr></table> </td></tr></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"> Valores en el <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Sistema_Internacional_de_Unidades" title="Sistema Internacional de Unidades">SI</a> y en <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Condiciones_normales" title="Condiciones normales">condiciones normales</a> (0 <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Grado_Celsius" title="Grado Celsius">潞C</a> y 1 <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Atm%C3%B3sfera" title="Atm贸sfera">atm</a>), salvo indicaci贸n en contra. </td></tr></table> </td></tr></table> <p><br/> El <b>calcio</b> es un <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Elemento_qu%C3%ADmico" title="Elemento qu铆mico">elemento qu铆mico</a>, de s铆mbolo <b>Ca</b> y de <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/N%C3%BAmero_at%C3%B3mico" title="N煤mero at贸mico">n煤mero at贸mico</a> 20. Es un <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Elemento_qu%C3%ADmico_esencial" title="Elemento qu铆mico esencial">elemento qu铆mico esencial</a>, una persona tiene entre 1,5 y 2% de calcio en peso, del cual el 99% se encuentra en los <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Hueso" title="Hueso">huesos</a> y el resto en tejidos y fluidos corporales interviniendo en el <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo">metabolismo</a> celular. </p> <table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>脥ndice</h2></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Caracter.C3.ADsticas_principales"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Caracter铆sticas principales</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Aplicaciones"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Aplicaciones</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Papel_biol.C3.B3gico"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Papel biol贸gico</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Historia"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Historia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Abundancia_y_obtenci.C3.B3n"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Abundancia y obtenci贸n</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Is.C3.B3topos"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Is贸topos</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Referencias"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Referencias</span></a></li> </ul> </td></tr></table><script>if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "muestra"; var tocHideText = "ocultar"; showTocToggle(); } </script> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Calcio&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar secci贸n: Caracter铆sticas principales">escribe</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Caracter.C3.ADsticas_principales">Caracter铆sticas principales</span></h2> <p>El calcio es un <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Metal_alcalinot%C3%A9rreo" title="Metal alcalinot茅rreo">metal alcalinot茅rreo</a> blando, maleable y <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Ductilidad" title="Ductilidad">d煤ctil</a> que arde con llama roja formando 贸xido de calcio y nitruro. Las superficies recientes son de color blanco plateado pero palidecen r谩pidamente torn谩ndose levemente amarillentas expuestas al aire y en 煤ltima instancia grises o blancas por la formaci贸n del hidr贸xido al reaccionar con la humedad ambiental. Reacciona violentamente con el agua para formar el hidr贸xido Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> desprendiendo <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Hidr%C3%B3geno" title="Hidr贸geno">hidr贸geno</a>. </p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Calcio&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar secci贸n: Aplicaciones">escribe</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Aplicaciones"> Aplicaciones </span></h2> <ul><li>Agente reductor en el extracci贸n de otros metales como el <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Uranio" title="Uranio">uranio</a>, <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Circonio" title="Circonio">circonio</a> y <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Torio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torio (la p谩gina no existe)">torio</a>. </li><li>Deoxidante, desulfurizador, o decarburizador para varias aleaciones <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Hierro" title="Hierro">ferrosas</a> y no ferrosas. </li><li>Agente de <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Aleaci%C3%B3n" title="Aleaci贸n">aleaci贸n</a> utilizado en la producci贸n de <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Aluminio" title="Aluminio">aluminio</a>, <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Berilio" title="Berilio">berilio</a>, <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Cobre" title="Cobre">cobre</a>, <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Plomo" title="Plomo">plomo</a> y <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Magnesio" title="Magnesio">magnesio</a>. </li></ul> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Calcio&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar secci贸n: Papel biol贸gico">escribe</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Papel_biol.C3.B3gico"> Papel biol贸gico </span></h2> <p>El calcio act煤a como mediador intracelular cumpliendo una funci贸n de <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Segundo_mensajero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Segundo mensajero (la p谩gina no existe)">segundo mensajero</a>; por ejemplo, el <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/I%C3%B3n" title="I贸n" class="mw-redirect">i贸n</a> Ca<small><sup>2+</sup></small> interviene en la contracci贸n de los <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/M%C3%BAsculo" title="M煤sculo">m煤sculos</a>. Tambi茅n est谩 implicado en la regulaci贸n de algunas <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Enzima" title="Enzima">enzimas</a> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Quinasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quinasa (la p谩gina no existe)">quinasas</a> que realizan funciones de <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Fosforilaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosforilaci贸n (la p谩gina no existe)">fosforilaci贸n</a>, por ejemplo la prote铆na quinasa C (PKC), y realiza unas funciones enzim谩ticas similares a las del <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Magnesio" title="Magnesio">magnesio</a> en procesos de transferencia de fosfato (por ejemplo, la enzima <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Fosfolipasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosfolipasa (la p谩gina no existe)">fosfolipasa</a> A<sub>2</sub>). </p><p>Algunas de sus sales son bastante insolubles, por ejemplo el <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Sulfato_de_calcio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfato de calcio (la p谩gina no existe)">sulfato</a> (CaSO<sub>4</sub>), <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Carbonato_de_calcio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbonato de calcio (la p谩gina no existe)">carbonato</a> (CaCO<sub>3</sub>, oxalato, etc., y forma parte de distintos <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Biomineral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biomineral (la p谩gina no existe)">biominerales</a>. As铆, en el ser humano, est谩 presente en los <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Hueso" title="Hueso">huesos</a> como hidroxiapatito c谩lcico, Ca<sub>10</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub>, en los <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Diente" title="Diente">dientes</a> como fluorohidroxiapatito (algunos OH<small><sup>-</sup></small> se sustituyen por F<small><sup>-</sup></small>), o como carbonato de calcio en el <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/O%C3%ADdo_interno" title="O铆do interno">o铆do interno</a>. Otros biominerales se encuentran presentes en <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Exoesqueleto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exoesqueleto (la p谩gina no existe)">exoesqueletos</a>, en <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Concha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concha (la p谩gina no existe)">conchas</a> o en <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=C%C3%A1scara_de_huevos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C谩scara de huevos (la p谩gina no existe)">c谩scaras de huevo</a> de distintos animales y en forma de distintas sales. </p><p>Otra funci贸n del calcio est谩 relacionada con la <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Coagulaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coagulaci贸n (la p谩gina no existe)">coagulaci贸n</a> de la sangre, a trav茅s de su relaci贸n con la prote铆na <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Protrombina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protrombina (la p谩gina no existe)">protrombina</a>. </p><p>Es, por tanto, un importante componente de la <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Dieta" title="Dieta">dieta</a>. La <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Cantidad_diaria_recomendada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantidad diaria recomendada (la p谩gina no existe)">cantidad diaria recomendada</a> para los adultos oscila entre 800-1000 mg, cantidad que debe incrementarse durante el crecimiento (9-18 a帽os) y el embarazo y la lactancia, y tras la menopausia, hasta los 1200-1300 mg; los productos comerciales especifican en su etiquetado la cantidad de calcio que proporcionan, expresada en tanto por ciento respecto la c. d. r., para que el consumidor sepa si est谩 ingiriendo la cantidad diaria recomendada (en las situaciones especiales descritas deber铆a consumirse en torno a un 130%). Productos ricos en calcio son la leche y los derivados l谩cteos (cuyo calcio es f谩cilmente absorbido), los vegetales (<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Frijol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frijol (la p谩gina no existe)">frijoles</a>, <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Espinaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espinaca (la p谩gina no existe)">espinacas</a>), los pescados que se comen con espina (sardina, anchoa), etc. y los alimentos enriquecidos con calcio. </p><p>La competencia que se establece entre ciertos minerales puede inhibir la absorci贸n del calcio; as铆, calcio y <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Magnesio" title="Magnesio">magnesio</a> compiten por los mismos puntos de absorci贸n, por lo que aquellas personas que est茅n tomando suplementos del segundo habr谩n de tener especial cuidado con el aporte diario de calcio. </p><p>El d茅ficit de calcio es susceptible de provocar <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Osteoporosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osteoporosis (la p谩gina no existe)">osteoporosis</a> e <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Hipocalcemia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hipocalcemia (la p谩gina no existe)">hipocalcemia</a>, mientras que su exceso provoca <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Hipercalcemia" title="Hipercalcemia">hipercalcemia</a>. </p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Calcio&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar secci贸n: Historia">escribe</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Historia">Historia</span></h2> <p>El calcio (del <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Lat%C3%ADn" title="Lat铆n">lat铆n</a> <i>calx</i>, <i>calcis</i>, <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Cal" title="Cal">cal</a>) fue descubierto en <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/1808" title="1808">1808</a> por <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> mediante <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Electr%C3%B3lisis" title="Electr贸lisis">electr贸lisis</a> de una amalgama de <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Mercurio_(elemento)" title="Mercurio (elemento)" class="mw-redirect">mercurio</a> y cal. Davy mezcl贸 cal humedecida con 贸xido de mercurio que coloc贸 sobre una l谩mina de platino, el 谩nodo, y sumergi贸 una parte de mercurio en el interior de la pasta que hiciera de c谩todo; por electr贸lisis obtuvo una amalgama que destilada dej贸 un residuo s贸lido muy oxidable, aunque ni siquiera el mismo Davy estaba muy seguro de haber obtenido calcio puro; con posterioridad <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Robert_Wilhelm_Bunsen" title="Robert Wilhelm Bunsen">Bunsen</a> en 1854 y Matthiessen en 1856 obtuvieron el metal por electr贸lisis del <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Cloruro_de_calcio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cloruro de calcio (la p谩gina no existe)">cloruro de calcio</a>, y Henri Moissan obtuvo calcio con una pureza del 99% por electr贸lisis del <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Yoduro_de_calcio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoduro de calcio (la p谩gina no existe)">yoduro</a>. No obstante, hasta principios del <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Siglo_XX" title="Siglo XX">siglo XX</a> el calcio s贸lo se obten铆a en laboratorio. </p><p><a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Archivo:Calcio_S%C3%ADmbolo_Dalton.png" class="image" title="S铆mbolo usado por Dalton, dos c铆rculos concentricos con un punto en su centro"><img alt="S铆mbolo usado por Dalton, dos c铆rculos concentricos con un punto en su centro" src="/web/20110514044544im_/http://enciclopedia.us.es/images/9/9c/Calcio_S%C3%ADmbolo_Dalton.png" width="31" height="31"/></a> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/S%C3%ADmbolo_qu%C3%ADmico" title="S铆mbolo qu铆mico">S铆mbolo qu铆mico</a> empleado por <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">Dalton</a> para la <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Cal" title="Cal">cal</a> (el calcio aun no se hab铆a aislado). </p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Calcio&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar secci贸n: Abundancia y obtenci贸n">escribe</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Abundancia_y_obtenci.C3.B3n">Abundancia y obtenci贸n</span></h2> <p>Es el quinto elemento en abundancia en la corteza terrestre (3,6% en peso) pero no se encuentra en estado nativo sino formando compuestos con gran inter茅s industrial como el <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Carbonato_c%C3%A1lcico" title="Carbonato c谩lcico">carbonato</a> (<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Calcita" title="Calcita">calcita</a>, <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/M%C3%A1rmol" title="M谩rmol">m谩rmol</a>, <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Caliza" title="Caliza">caliza</a> y <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Dolomita" title="Dolomita">dolomita</a>) y el <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Sulfato_c%C3%A1lcico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfato c谩lcico (la p谩gina no existe)">sulfato</a> (<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Yeso" title="Yeso">yeso</a>, <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Alabastro" title="Alabastro">alabastro</a>) a partir de los cuales se obtienen la <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Cal_viva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cal viva (la p谩gina no existe)">cal viva</a>, la <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Escayola" title="Escayola">escayola</a>, el <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Cemento" title="Cemento">cemento</a>, etc.; otros <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> que lo contienen son <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Fluorita" title="Fluorita">fluorita</a> (fluoruro), <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Apatito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apatito (la p谩gina no existe)">apatito</a> (fosfato) y <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Granito" title="Granito">granito</a> (silicato). </p><p>El metal se aisla por electr贸lisis del cloruro de calcio (subproducto del <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Proceso_Solvay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proceso Solvay (la p谩gina no existe)">proceso Solvay</a>) fundido: </p> <ul><li><a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/C%C3%A1todo" title="C谩todo">c谩todo</a>: Ca<sup><small>2+</small></sup> + 2 <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Electr%C3%B3n" title="Electr贸n">e</a><sup>-</sup> → Ca </li><li><a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/%C3%81nodo" title="脕nodo">谩nodo</a>: <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Cloro" title="Cloro">Cl</a><sup>-</sup> → 陆 Cl<sub>2</sub> (<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a>) + e<sup>-</sup> </li></ul> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Calcio&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar secci贸n: Is贸topos">escribe</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Is.C3.B3topos"> Is贸topos </span></h2> <p>El calcio tiene seis is贸topos estables de los cuales el Ca-40 es el m谩s abundante (97%). El Ca-40 y el <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Arg%C3%B3n" title="Arg贸n">Ar</a>-40 son productos de la desintegraci贸n del <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Potasio" title="Potasio">K</a>-40, pero mientras que el segundo se ha usado para la <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Dataci%C3%B3n_radiom%C3%A9trica" title="Dataci贸n radiom茅trica">dataci贸n</a> en <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Geolog%C3%ADa" title="Geolog铆a">geolog铆a</a>, la prevalencia del is贸topo Ca-40 en la naturaleza ha impedido hacer lo mismo con el calcio. </p><p>A diferencia de otros is贸topos <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Cosmog%C3%A9nesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosmog茅nesis (la p谩gina no existe)">cosmog茅nicos</a> producidos en la <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Atm%C3%B3sfera_terrestre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atm贸sfera terrestre (la p谩gina no existe)">atm贸sfera terrestre</a>, el Ca-41 se produce por activaci贸n <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Neutr%C3%B3n_(part%C3%ADcula)" title="Neutr贸n (part铆cula)">neutr贸nica</a> del Ca-40, de modo que se sintetiza en las capas m谩s superficiales del <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Suelo" title="Suelo">suelo</a>, en las que el bombardeo de neutrones es suficientemente intenso. Adem谩s de esto, el Ca-41 ha recibido la atenci贸n de los cient铆ficos porque se desintegra en K-41, un indicador cr铆tico de las anomal铆as del <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Sistema_solar" title="Sistema solar">sistema solar</a>. </p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Calcio&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar secci贸n: Referencias">escribe</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Referencias">Referencias</span></h2> <table align="right" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="margin-left:15px; font-size:55%"> <tr> <td> <table style="padding: 1px; text-align:center;" width="330" bgcolor="#ffffff"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ccffcc"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Hidr%C3%B3geno" title="Hidr贸geno">H</a> </td><td colspan="16"> </td><td bgcolor="#ccffff"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Helio" title="Helio">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ff7777"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Litio" title="Litio">Li</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ffdead"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Berilio" title="Berilio">Be</a> </td><td colspan="10"> </td><td bgcolor="#cccc99"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Boro" title="Boro">B</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ccffcc"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Carbono" title="Carbono">C</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ccffcc"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Nitr%C3%B3geno" title="Nitr贸geno">N</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ccffcc"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Ox%C3%ADgeno" title="Ox铆geno">O</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ffffcc"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Fl%C3%BAor" title="Fl煤or">F</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ccffff"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Ne%C3%B3n" title="Ne贸n">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ff7777"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Sodio" title="Sodio">Na</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ffdead"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Magnesio" title="Magnesio">Mg</a> </td><td colspan="10"> </td><td bgcolor="#dddddd"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Aluminio" title="Aluminio">Al</a> </td><td bgcolor="#cccc99"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Silicio" title="Silicio">Si</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ccffcc"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/F%C3%B3sforo" title="F贸sforo">P</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ccffcc"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Azufre" title="Azufre">S</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ffffcc"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Cloro" title="Cloro">Cl</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ccffff"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Arg%C3%B3n" title="Arg贸n">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ffc1c1"> <td bgcolor="#ff7777"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Potasio" title="Potasio">K</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ffdead"> <strong class="selflink">Ca</strong> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Escandio" title="Escandio">Sc</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Titanio" title="Titanio">Ti</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Vanadio" title="Vanadio">V</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Cromo" title="Cromo">Cr</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Manganeso" title="Manganeso">Mn</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Hierro" title="Hierro">Fe</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Cobalto" title="Cobalto">Co</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/N%C3%ADquel" title="N铆quel">Ni</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Cobre" title="Cobre">Cu</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Cinc" title="Cinc">Zn</a> </td><td bgcolor="#dddddd"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Galio" title="Galio">Ga</a> </td><td bgcolor="#cccc99"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Germanio" title="Germanio">Ge</a> </td><td bgcolor="#cccc99"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Ars%C3%A9nico" title="Ars茅nico">As</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ccffcc"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Selenio" title="Selenio">Se</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ffffcc"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Bromo" title="Bromo">Br</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ccffff"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Kript%C3%B3n" title="Kript贸n">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ffc0c0"> <td bgcolor="#ff7777"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Rubidio" title="Rubidio">Rb</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ffdead"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Estroncio" title="Estroncio">Sr</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Itrio" title="Itrio">Y</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Circonio" title="Circonio">Zr</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Niobio" title="Niobio">Nb</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno">Mo</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Tecnecio" title="Tecnecio">Tc</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Rutenio" title="Rutenio">Ru</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Rodio" title="Rodio">Rh</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Paladio" title="Paladio">Pd</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Plata" title="Plata">Ag</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Cadmio" title="Cadmio">Cd</a> </td><td bgcolor="#dddddd"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Indio_(elemento)" title="Indio (elemento)">In</a> </td><td bgcolor="#dddddd"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Esta%C3%B1o" title="Esta帽o">Sn</a> </td><td bgcolor="#cccc99"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Antimonio" title="Antimonio">Sb</a> </td><td bgcolor="#cccc99"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Telurio" title="Telurio">Te</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ffffcc"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Yodo" title="Yodo">I</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ccffff"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Xen%C3%B3n" title="Xen贸n">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ffc0c0"> <td bgcolor="#ff7777"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Cesio" title="Cesio">Cs</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ffdead"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Bario" title="Bario">Ba</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Hafnio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hafnio (la p谩gina no existe)">Hf</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Tantalio" title="Tantalio">Ta</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Wolframio" title="Wolframio">W</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Renio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renio (la p谩gina no existe)">Re</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Osmio" title="Osmio">Os</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Iridio" title="Iridio">Ir</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Platino" title="Platino">Pt</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Oro" title="Oro">Au</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Mercurio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Mercurio (elemento qu铆mico)">Hg</a> </td><td bgcolor="#dddddd"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Talio" title="Talio">Tl</a> </td><td bgcolor="#dddddd"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Plomo" title="Plomo">Pb</a> </td><td bgcolor="#dddddd"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Bismuto" title="Bismuto">Bi</a> </td><td bgcolor="#cccc99"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Polonio" title="Polonio">Po</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ffffcc"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Astato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astato (la p谩gina no existe)">At</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ccffff"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Rad%C3%B3n" title="Rad贸n">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ffc0c0"> <td bgcolor="#ff7777"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Francio" title="Francio">Fr</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ffdead"> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Radio_(elemento)" title="Radio (elemento)">Ra</a> </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Rutherfordio" title="Rutherfordio">Rf</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Dubnio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dubnio (la p谩gina no existe)">Db</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Seaborgio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seaborgio (la p谩gina no existe)">Sg</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Bohrio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bohrio (la p谩gina no existe)">Bh</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Hassio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hassio (la p谩gina no existe)">Hs</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Meitnerio" title="Meitnerio">Mt</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Darmstadtio" title="Darmstadtio">Ds</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Roentgenio" title="Roentgenio">Rg</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Ununbio" title="Ununbio">Uub</a> </td><td bgcolor="white"><a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Ununtrio" title="Ununtrio">Uut</a> </td><td bgcolor="white"><a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Ununquadio" title="Ununquadio">Uuq</a> </td><td bgcolor="white"><a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Ununpentio" title="Ununpentio">Uup</a> </td><td bgcolor="white"><a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Ununhexio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ununhexio (la p谩gina no existe)">Uuh</a> </td><td colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff"> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ffbfff"> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff"> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Lantano" title="Lantano">La</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Cerio" title="Cerio">Ce</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Praseodimio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodimio (la p谩gina no existe)">Pr</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Neodimio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neodimio (la p谩gina no existe)">Nd</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Prometio" title="Prometio">Pm</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Samario&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samario (la p谩gina no existe)">Sm</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Europio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europio (la p谩gina no existe)">Eu</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Gadolinio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinio (la p谩gina no existe)">Gd</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Terbio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terbio (la p谩gina no existe)">Tb</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Disprosio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disprosio (la p谩gina no existe)">Dy</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Holmio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holmio (la p谩gina no existe)">Ho</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Erbio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erbio (la p谩gina no existe)">Er</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Tulio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tulio (la p谩gina no existe)">Tm</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Iterbio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iterbio (la p谩gina no existe)">Yb</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Lutecio" title="Lutecio">Lu</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ff99cc"> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff"> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Actinio" title="Actinio">Ac</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Torio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torio (la p谩gina no existe)">Th</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Protactinio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protactinio (la p谩gina no existe)">Pa</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Uranio" title="Uranio">U</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Neptunio" title="Neptunio">Np</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Plutonio" title="Plutonio">Pu</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Americio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Americio (la p谩gina no existe)">Am</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Curio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curio (la p谩gina no existe)">Cm</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Berkelio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berkelio (la p谩gina no existe)">Bk</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Californio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Californio (la p谩gina no existe)">Cf</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Einstenio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Einstenio (la p谩gina no existe)">Es</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Fermio" title="Fermio">Fm</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Mendelevio" title="Mendelevio">Md</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Nobelio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nobelio (la p谩gina no existe)">No</a> </td><td> <a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Laurencio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurencio (la p谩gina no existe)">Lr</a> </td></tr></table> </td></tr></table> <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514044544/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/milk/espanol/porquecal/calcio.cfm" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Insitituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, EE. UU.</a> </li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514044544/http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcio" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Wikipedia - Calcio</a> </li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514044544/http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Ca/index.html" class="external text" rel="nofollow">WebElements.com – Calcio</a> </li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514044544/http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Ca.html" class="external text" rel="nofollow">EnvironmentalChemistry.com – Calcio</a></p> </li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Preprocessor node count: 50/1000000 Post-expand include size: 3522/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Expensive parser function count: 0/100 --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enciclopedia:pcache:idhash:30129-0!1!0!!es!2 and timestamp 20110513102606 --> <div class="printfooter"> Obtenido de 芦<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Calcio">http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Calcio</a>禄</div> <!-- /bodytext --> <!-- catlinks --> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Especial:Categor%C3%ADas" title="Especial:Categor铆as">Categor铆a</a>: <span dir="ltr"><a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Categor%C3%ADa:Elementos_qu%C3%ADmicos" title="Categor铆a:Elementos qu铆micos">Elementos qu铆micos</a></span></div></div> <!-- /catlinks --> <div class="visualClear"></div> </div> <!-- /bodyContent --> </div> <!-- /content --> <!-- header --> <div id="mw-head" class="noprint"> <!-- 0 --> <div id="p-personal" class=""> <h5>Herramientas personales</h5> <ul> <li id="pt-login"><a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Especial:Entrar&returnto=Calcio" title="Te invitamos a registrarte, aunque no es obligatorio [o]" accesskey="o">Registrarse/Entrar</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- /0 --> <div id="left-navigation"> <!-- 0 --> <div id="p-namespaces" class="vectorTabs"> <h5>Espacios de nombres</h5> <ul> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Calcio" title="Ver el art铆culo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>P谩gina</span></a></li> <li id="ca-talk" class="new"><a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Discusi%C3%B3n:Calcio&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Discusi贸n acerca del art铆culo [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discusi贸n</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- /0 --> <!-- 1 --> <div id="p-variants" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet"> <h5><span>Variantes</span><a href="#"></a></h5> <div class="menu"> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> <!-- /1 --> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <!-- 0 --> <div id="p-views" class="vectorTabs"> <h5>Vistas</h5> <ul> <li id="ca-view" class="selected"><a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Calcio"><span>Leer</span></a></li> <li id="ca-edit"><a href="/web/20110514044544/http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php?title=Calcio&action=edit" title="Puedes editar esta p谩gina. 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