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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Нервии – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нервии" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervii" title="Nervii – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nervii" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervis" title="Nervis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nervis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervii" title="Nervii – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nervii" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervier" title="Nervier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nervier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervios" title="Nervios – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nervios" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerviens" title="Nerviens – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nerviens" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EB%A5%B4%EB%B9%84%EC%A1%B1" title="네르비족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네르비족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervi_(popolo)" title="Nervi (popolo) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nervi (popolo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9D" title="נרווים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נרווים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerviusok" title="Nerviusok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nerviusok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervi%C3%ABrs" title="Nerviërs – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nerviërs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervi%C3%ABrs" title="Nerviërs – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Nerviërs" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A4%E6%97%8F" title="ネルウィイ族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネルウィイ族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9rviens" title="Nérviens – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Nérviens" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerwiowie" title="Nerwiowie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nerwiowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9rvios" title="Nérvios – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nérvios" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Нервии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нервии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervijci" title="Nervijci – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nervijci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervijci" title="Nervijci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nervijci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervit" title="Nervit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nervit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervier" title="Nervier – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nervier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervii" title="Nervii – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nervii" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%97" title="Нервії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нервії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervyins" title="Nervyins – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Nervyins" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4" title="内尔维 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="内尔维" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gaul%2C_1st_century_BC.gif/300px-Gaul%2C_1st_century_BC.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gaul%2C_1st_century_BC.gif/450px-Gaul%2C_1st_century_BC.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gaul%2C_1st_century_BC.gif/600px-Gaul%2C_1st_century_BC.gif 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="769" /></a><figcaption>A map of <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a> in the first century BC, showing the relative position of the Nervii tribe.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Nervii</b> or <b>Nervians</b> were one of the most powerful <a href="/wiki/Belgae" title="Belgae">Belgic</a> tribes of northern <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a> at the time of its conquest by Rome. Their territory corresponds to the central part of modern Belgium, including <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, and stretched southwards to <a href="/wiki/Cambrai" title="Cambrai">Cambrai</a> in <a href="/wiki/French_Hainaut" title="French Hainaut">French Hainaut</a>. During their first century BC Roman military campaign, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>'s contacts among the <a href="/wiki/Remi" title="Remi">Remi</a> stated that the Nervii were the most warlike of the Belgae. In times of war, they were known to trek long distances to take part in battles. Being one of the northerly Belgic tribes, with the <a href="/wiki/Menapii" title="Menapii">Menapii</a> to the west, and the <a href="/wiki/Eburones" title="Eburones">Eburones</a> to their east, they were considered by Caesar to be relatively uncorrupted by civilization.<sup id="cite_ref-Fichtl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fichtl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> they claimed <a href="/wiki/List_of_early_Germanic_peoples" title="List of early Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> descent.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> they were of Germanic origin.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervii&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>They are mentioned as <i>Nervii</i> by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Caesar</a> (mid-1st c. BC) and <a href="/wiki/Orosius" title="Orosius">Orosius</a> (early fifth c. AD),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Neroúioi</i> (Νερούιοι) by <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> (early first c. AD),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Nerui</i> by <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a> (1st c. AD) and the <i><a href="/wiki/Notitia_Dignitatum" title="Notitia Dignitatum">Notitia Dignitatum</a></i> (5th c. AD),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Nervios</i> by <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> (early second c. AD),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as <i>Neroúsioi</i> (Νερούσιοι) by <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> (2nd c. AD).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ethnonym" title="Ethnonym">ethnonym</a> <i>Nervii</i> probably stems from the Western <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> root *<i>ner</i>-, meaning 'man' (cf. <a href="/wiki/Middle_Welsh" title="Middle Welsh">Middle Welsh</a> <i>ner</i> 'lord, chief'). It appears to be <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate</a> with the Latin <a href="/wiki/Cognomen" title="Cognomen">cognomen</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Nerva_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nerva (disambiguation)">Nerva</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBusse2006200_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusse2006200-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territory">Territory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervii&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pagi_of_the_Nervians.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pagi_of_the_Nervians.png/300px-Pagi_of_the_Nervians.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pagi_of_the_Nervians.png/450px-Pagi_of_the_Nervians.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pagi_of_the_Nervians.png/600px-Pagi_of_the_Nervians.png 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption>The three main early medieval <i>pagi</i> in the civitas of the Nervians, based on Deru's listing. Pagi: Orange = Cambrésis; Yellow = Hainaut ; Purple = Brabant. The shaded areas are modern Belgian provinces or French départements.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to Xavier Deru, the core region of the Nervii was equivalent to the medieval <i>pagus</i> of <a href="/wiki/Hainaut_Province" title="Hainaut Province">Hainaut</a>, the region of the <a href="/wiki/Haine" title="Haine">Haine</a> river, the upper <a href="/wiki/Sambre" title="Sambre">Sambre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Helpe_Majeure" title="Helpe Majeure">greater</a> and <a href="/wiki/Helpe_Mineure" title="Helpe Mineure">lesser</a> Helpe rivers. To the north of the Haine, it also included what would become the medieval <i>pagus</i> of Brabant, making its northwestern border on the <a href="/wiki/Scheldt" title="Scheldt">Scheldt</a> (French <i>Escaut</i>, Dutch <i>Schelde</i>) river.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large population occupied the southern territories, near the river <a href="/wiki/Sambre" title="Sambre">Sambre</a> with the biggest being at <a href="/wiki/Avesnelles" title="Avesnelles">Avesnelles</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Avesnes-sur-Helpe" title="Avesnes-sur-Helpe">Avesnes-sur-Helpe</a>. </p><p>An <a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">oppidum</a> found near <a href="/wiki/Asse" title="Asse">Asse</a> may have belonged to them but it was isolated and near to the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Menapii" title="Menapii">Menapii</a>. In the south the Nervians stretched no further than the forests of <a href="/wiki/Arrouaise" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrouaise">Arrouaise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thi%C3%A9rache" title="Thiérache">Thiérache</a><sup id="cite_ref-wightman30_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wightman30-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> South of them were the <a href="/wiki/Viromandui" title="Viromandui">Viromandui</a>, south of Cambrai, and the <a href="/wiki/Remi" title="Remi">Remi</a>. Deru proposes that the region or <i>pagus</i> of <a href="/wiki/Cambrai" title="Cambrai">Cambrai</a> in the southwest was relatively undeveloped until Roman times.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To the east, based upon medieval boundaries it is likely that the Nervii's territories stretched to the <a href="/wiki/Dyle_(river)" title="Dyle (river)">Dyle</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eau_d%27Heure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eau d'Heure (page does not exist)">Eau d'Heure</a>. Some of this territory especially in the north may have been added to the district during Roman times according to Deru. The <i>civitas</i> of the Nervii did not include <a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Louvain</a> or <a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a>. </p><p>Caesar also mentions smaller tribes who were expected to contribute troops to Nervian forces; Levaci, Pleumoxii, Geidumni, Ceutrones, and Grudii. None of these can be convincingly located. </p><p>In the Middle Ages, Hainaut was sometimes still referred to as the county of the Nervians (<i>comitatus nerviensis</i>) in medieval Latin, and when this came to be politically united with mainly Dutch speaking Brabant again, the counties were still distinguished in the official Latin titles (<i>comitatus Nerviensis <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atque" class="extiw" title="wikt:atque">atque</a> Bracbatensis</i>). </p><p>Today, Hainaut is divided between France and Belgium. To its north, parts of the modern Belgian provinces of <a href="/wiki/Antwerp_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antwerp (province)">Antwerp</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Flanders" title="East Flanders">East Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Brabant" title="Flemish Brabant">Flemish Brabant</a> and French-speaking <a href="/wiki/Walloon_Brabant" title="Walloon Brabant">Walloon Brabant</a> include the rest of the old Nervian territory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervii&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although it is often assumed that the Nervii spoke a Celtic language, the evidence regarding their linguistic affiliation is inconclusive. The same applies to other Belgian tribes, like the <a href="/wiki/Menapii" title="Menapii">Menapii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morini" title="Morini">Morini</a>, to the west of the Nervii on the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Germani_cisrhenani" title="Germani cisrhenani">Germani cisrhenani</a></i> to the east of the Nervii, stretching to the Rhine.<sup id="cite_ref-wightman_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wightman-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Caesar writes that the Belgae generally had received immigration from Germanic people from east of the Rhine.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Romanized Greek <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> wrote that the Nervii were of Germanic origin.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, in his book <i><a href="/wiki/Germania_(book)" title="Germania (book)">Germania</a></i>, says that in his time the Nervii and <a href="/wiki/Treveri" title="Treveri">Treveri</a> both claimed Germanic ancestry, similar to that of their mutual neighbours the <a href="/wiki/Tungri" title="Tungri">Tungri</a>, in order to distinguish them from the weaknesses of the <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Romans were not precise in their <a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">ethnography</a> of northern <a href="/wiki/Barbarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbarians">barbarians</a>: by "Germanic" Caesar may simply have meant "originating east of the Rhine" with no distinction of language intended. During Caesar's lifetime, Germanic languages east of the Rhine may have been no closer than the river <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wightman_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wightman-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has instead been argued based on place name studies that the older language of the area, though apparently <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a>, was also not Celtic (see <a href="/wiki/Nordwestblock" title="Nordwestblock">Nordwestblock</a>) and that Celtic, though influential amongst the elite, might never have been the main language of the part of the Belgic area north of the Ardennes.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidsfonds_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidsfonds-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-M._Gysseling_1975_pp._1-6_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M._Gysseling_1975_pp._1-6-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, these same studies of placenames such as those of <a href="/wiki/Maurits_Gysseling" title="Maurits Gysseling">Maurits Gysseling</a>, have also shown evidence of Germanic languages entering the Belgic area north of the <a href="/wiki/Ardennes" title="Ardennes">Ardennes</a>, before the Roman conquest, while strong evidence for old Celtic place names is found in the Ardennes and to the south of them.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidsfonds_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidsfonds-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-M._Gysseling_1975_pp._1-6_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M._Gysseling_1975_pp._1-6-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Luc van Durme summarizes competing evidence of Celtic and Germanic influence at the time of Caesar by saying that "one has to accept the rather remarkable conclusion that Caesar must have witnessed a situation opposing Celtic and Germanic in Belgium, in a territory slightly more to the south than the early medieval <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a>–Germanic language border", but van Durme also accepts that "second century BC Germanisation did not block the <a href="/wiki/Celticization" class="mw-redirect" title="Celticization">celtisation</a> coming from the south . . . but that both phenomena were simultaneous and interfering instead".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Notitia_Dignitatum" title="Notitia Dignitatum">Notitia Dignitatum</a></i> reports that the Nervii were a Gaulish tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervii&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> considered the Nervii to be the most warlike of the Belgic tribes, and that the Belgic tribes were the bravest in Gaul. He says that their culture was a Spartan one: they would not partake of alcoholic beverages or any other such luxury, feeling that the mind must remain clear to be brave. He also says they disliked foreign trade and neither had a merchant class nor would permit merchants within their territory.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archaeologists have sought to define the territories of the northern Belgic tribes by looking at the coins they used. The Nervii are associated with a <a href="/wiki/Stater" title="Stater">stater</a> type that uses a Greek <a href="/wiki/Epsilon" title="Epsilon">epsilon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wightman20_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wightman20-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Remarkably, given the archaeological evidence of a Celtic <a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tène culture</a> having been present in the pre-Roman past, Caesar reports that the Nervii had no cavalry. In fact they <a href="/wiki/Pleaching" title="Pleaching">established hedges</a> throughout their lands in order to make them difficult for cavalry.<sup id="cite_ref-wightman30_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wightman30-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Frasnes_hoard" class="mw-redirect" title="Frasnes hoard">Frasnes hoard</a>, accidentally unearthed by foresters in 1864 near <a href="/wiki/Frasnes-lez-Anvaing" title="Frasnes-lez-Anvaing">Frasnes-lez-Buissenal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hainaut_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hainaut (province)">Hainaut</a>, along with coins associated with the <a href="/wiki/Morini" title="Morini">Morini</a> and the Nervii, also contained characteristically Gallic gold <a href="/wiki/Torc" title="Torc">torques</a>, one of which was in Alastair Bradley Martin's Guennol collection.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallic_Wars">Gallic Wars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervii&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gallic Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Nervii were part of the Belgic alliance that resisted Julius Caesar in 57 BC. After the alliance broke up and some tribes surrendered, the Nervii, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Boduognatus" title="Boduognatus">Boduognatus</a> and aided by the <a href="/wiki/Atrebates" title="Atrebates">Atrebates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viromandui" title="Viromandui">Viromandui</a>, came very close to defeating Caesar (the <a href="/wiki/Atuatuci" title="Atuatuci">Atuatuci</a> had also agreed to join them but did not arrive in time). In 57 BC at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sabis" title="Battle of the Sabis">battle of the Sabis</a> (now identified as the river <a href="/wiki/Selle_(Somme_tributary)" title="Selle (Somme tributary)">Selle</a>, near modern <a href="/wiki/Saulzoir" title="Saulzoir">Saulzoir</a>; previously identified as the <a href="/wiki/Sambre" title="Sambre">Sambre</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they concealed themselves in the forests and attacked the approaching Roman column at the river. Their attack was so quick and unexpected that some of the Romans didn't have time to take the covers off their shields or even put on their helmets. The element of surprise briefly left the Romans exposed. However Caesar grabbed a shield, made his way to the front line, and quickly organised his forces; at the same time, the commander of the <a href="/wiki/Legio_X_Gemina" title="Legio X Gemina">tenth legion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labienus" class="mw-redirect" title="Labienus">Titus Labienus</a>, attacked the Nervian camp. The two legions who had been guarding the baggage train at the rear arrived and helped to turn the tide of the battle. Caesar says the Nervii were almost annihilated in the battle and is effusive in his tribute to their bravery, calling them "heroes".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Ambiorix" title="Ambiorix">Ambiorix</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eburones" title="Eburones">Eburones</a> rebelled in 53 BC, the remaining Nervii joined the uprising and besieged <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Tullius_Cicero" title="Quintus Tullius Cicero">Quintus Tullius Cicero</a> – brother of the orator – and his legion in their winter camp until they were relieved by Caesar in person.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were able to rapidly build a rampart around the Roman fortification, using only swords to dig, "in less than three hours they completed a fortification of ten miles in circumference; and during the rest of the days they began to prepare and construct towers of the height of the ramparts, and grappling irons, and mantelets". Caesar reported that this technique was learned from the Romans, and under the advisor of captured Roman soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>On the seventh day of the attack, a very high wind having sprung up, they began to discharge by their slings hot balls made of burned or hardened clay, and heated javelins, upon the huts, which, after the Gallic custom, were thatched with straw. These quickly took fire, and by the violence of the wind, scattered their flames in every part of the camp.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The situation was recovered when a Nervian in the Roman camp was able to send a slave with a message, who managed to remain inconspicuous and get it to Caesar.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caesar was able to amass forces and defeat some of the Nervians. </p><p>The Nervii and their allies, the Aduatuci, Eburones, <a href="/wiki/Treveri" title="Treveri">Treveri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Menapii" title="Menapii">Menapii</a> continued to prepare for war with the Romans, and sought assistance from the Germanic peoples east of the Rhine. The Roman struck a significant blow when they killed the Treveran king <a href="/wiki/Indutiomarus" title="Indutiomarus">Indutiomarus</a>. Soon after: </p> <blockquote><p>Accordingly, while the winter was not yet ended, having concentrated the four nearest legions, he marched unexpectedly into the territories of the Nervii, and before they could either assemble or retreat, after capturing a large number of cattle and of men, and wasting their lands and giving up that booty to the soldiers, compelled them to enter into a surrender and give him hostages.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In the final phase of Caesar's war in Gaul, the Nervii were called upon to contribute to the large allied force of <a href="/wiki/Vercingetorix" title="Vercingetorix">Vercingetorix</a> which amassed at <a href="/wiki/Alesia_(city)" title="Alesia (city)">Alesia</a>, but these were defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alesia" title="Battle of Alesia">Battle of Alesia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roman_period">Roman period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervii&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Roman period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_cambrai_diocese.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Old_cambrai_diocese.png/220px-Old_cambrai_diocese.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Old_cambrai_diocese.png/330px-Old_cambrai_diocese.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Old_cambrai_diocese.png/440px-Old_cambrai_diocese.png 2x" data-file-width="1664" data-file-height="2284" /></a><figcaption>The medieval diocese of <a href="/wiki/Cambrai" title="Cambrai">Cambrai</a> was based upon the Roman civitas of the Nervii.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Roman_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman era">Roman era</a>, the original chief city of the Nervian <a href="/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas">civitas</a> was at <a href="/wiki/Bagacum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagacum">Bagacum</a>, (Gaulish: <i>Bāgācon</i>, from <i>bagos</i> 'beech').<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelamarre200364_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelamarre200364-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was founded to the south of the traditional Nervian territory and is now known as <a href="/wiki/Bavay" title="Bavay">Bavay</a>, a town in France near the Belgian border. The forum has been excavated. The town was founded in c.30 BC and rapidly became a centre of Roman civilization. Towns belonging to the Nervian territory were <i>Fanum Martis</i> (<a href="/wiki/Famars" title="Famars">Famars</a>), and Geminiacum (<a href="/wiki/Liberchies" title="Liberchies">Liberchies</a>). </p><p>The Nervians were well known for the export of grain; an interesting tombstone of a <i><a href="/wiki/Frumentarius" class="mw-redirect" title="Frumentarius">frumentarius</a></i> was excavated as far away as <a href="/wiki/Nijmegen" title="Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a>. They also produced ceramics (<i>terra nigra</i>). </p><p>Inscriptions found on artifacts recovered at <a href="/wiki/Rough_Castle_Fort" title="Rough Castle Fort">Rough Castle Fort</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Antonine_Wall" title="Antonine Wall">Antonine Wall</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Central_Belt" title="Central Belt">Central Belt</a> of Scotland indicate that in the second century the fort was the base for 500 men of the Sixth Cohort of Nervii, an infantry unit. According to Tacitus, the Nervians also served in <a href="/wiki/Cohort_(military_unit)" title="Cohort (military unit)">cohorts</a> based along the Rhine border. Altars found at the Roman fort of <a href="/wiki/Whitley_Castle" title="Whitley Castle">Whitley Castle</a> in Northumberland, also known as Epiacum, bear inscriptions showing that the Second Nervians were garrisoned at the fort. Two sandstones uncovered at <a href="/wiki/Bainbridge,_North_Yorkshire" title="Bainbridge, North Yorkshire">Bainbridge</a>, record the Roman construction of a fort at Brough Hill in the third century. An inscription on a tablet indicated that the fort was built by the Sixth Cohort, under the charge of <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Valerius_Pudens" title="Gaius Valerius Pudens">Gaius Valerius Pudens</a>, a senator of consular rank. </p><p>At some point probably after the disastrous attacks by the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> in 260-275 AD, a new chief city was designated at Camaracum (<a href="/wiki/Cambrai" title="Cambrai">Cambrai</a>), further south than Bavay, and Bavay itself, and the main road it was on, became part of a new secondary fortified border zone. The northern part of Nervian territory, was eventually settled by Germanic groups, while the southern part, the southern part of medieval <a href="/wiki/Pagus_of_Brabant" title="Pagus of Brabant">Brabant</a>, and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Hainaut" title="County of Hainaut">medieval Hainaut</a>, remained more Romanized. By 432 it seems the Franks had penetrated into the country of the Romanized Nervians and had been taken over by the Franks. Their king <a href="/wiki/Childeric_I" title="Childeric I">Childeric I</a> was buried in <a href="/wiki/Tournai" title="Tournai">Tournai</a>. The medieval <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cambrai" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai</a> continued to cover the same approximate area as the Roman <i>civitas</i> until 1559. </p><p>One likely difference between the Roman and medieval boundaries is that the north-eastern part of the archdiocese, the deanery of Antwerp east of the river <a href="/wiki/Rupel" title="Rupel">Rupel</a> may have been a medieval attachment.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervii&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Nervii and their western neighbours the Menapii are the main subjects of the comic book <i><a href="/wiki/Asterix_in_Belgium" title="Asterix in Belgium">Asterix in Belgium</a></i>. In it, a competition between the Belgians and the Gauls from <a href="/wiki/Armorica" title="Armorica">Armorica</a> takes place to decide who was the bravest, under the unlikely adjudication of Julius Caesar. </p><p>The Nervii are featured in the video game <i><a href="/wiki/Total_War:_Rome_II" title="Total War: Rome II">Total War: Rome II</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Museums">Museums</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervii&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Musée Archéologique de Bavay (France)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musee-mariemont.be">Musée Royal de Mariemont</a>, Morlanwelz (Belgium)</li> <li>Provinciaal Archeocentrum Velzeke (Belgium) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pam-ov.be/velzeke">www.pam-ov.be/velzeke</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervii&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fichtl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fichtl_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFichtl1994" class="citation cs2">Fichtl, Stephan (1994), <i><span></span></i>Les Gaulois du Nord de la Gaule<i><span></span></i>, Paris</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Gaulois+du+Nord+de+la+Gaule&rft.pub=Paris&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Fichtl&rft.aufirst=Stephan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Germania_(book)" title="Germania (book)">Germania</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0083%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D28">28</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Geographica" title="Geographica">Geographica</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/4C*.html">4.3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Caesar</a>. <i>Commentarii de Bello Gallico</i>, 2:4; <a href="/wiki/Orosius" title="Orosius">Orosius</a>. <i>Historiae Adversus Paganos</i>, 6:7:13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>. <i>Geōgraphiká</i>, 4:3:4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a>. <i>Naturalis Historia</i>, 4:106; <i><a href="/wiki/Notitia_Dignitatum" title="Notitia Dignitatum">Notitia Dignitatum</a></i>, oc 5:25, 63:170, 7:121, 5:211, 7:75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a><i>. Historiae</i>, 66:79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>. <i>Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis,</i> 2:9:6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFalileyev2010">Falileyev 2010</a>, s.v. <i>Nervii</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusse2006200-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBusse2006200_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBusse2006">Busse 2006</a>, p. 200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeru2009" class="citation cs2">Deru, Xavier (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-du-nord-2009-5-page-179.htm">"Cadres géographiques du territoire des Nerviens"</a>, <i>Revue du Nord</i>, <b>5</b> (383): 179–201, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3917%2Frdn.383.0179">10.3917/rdn.383.0179</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-2624">0035-2624</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+du+Nord&rft.atitle=Cadres+g%C3%A9ographiques+du+territoire+des+Nerviens&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=383&rft.pages=179-201&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3917%2Frdn.383.0179&rft.issn=0035-2624&rft.aulast=Deru&rft.aufirst=Xavier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairn.info%2Frevue-du-nord-2009-5-page-179.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wightman30-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wightman30_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wightman30_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWightman1985" class="citation cs2">Wightman, Edith Mary (1985), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aEyS54uSj88C"><i>Gallia Belgica</i></a>, University of California Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520052970" title="Special:BookSources/9780520052970"><bdi>9780520052970</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gallia+Belgica&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780520052970&rft.aulast=Wightman&rft.aufirst=Edith+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaEyS54uSj88C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervii" class="Z3988"></span> page 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeru2012" class="citation cs2">Deru, Xavier (2012), "L'occupation du Cambrésis à la période romaine. Résultats des campagnes de prospections systématiques", <i>Revue du Nord</i>, <b>5</b> (398): 121–141, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3917%2Frdn.398.0121">10.3917/rdn.398.0121</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+du+Nord&rft.atitle=L%27occupation+du+Cambr%C3%A9sis+%C3%A0+la+p%C3%A9riode+romaine.+R%C3%A9sultats+des+campagnes+de+prospections+syst%C3%A9matiques&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=398&rft.pages=121-141&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3917%2Frdn.398.0121&rft.aulast=Deru&rft.aufirst=Xavier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wightman-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wightman_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wightman_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWightman1985" class="citation cs2">Wightman, Edith Mary (1985), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aEyS54uSj88C"><i>Gallia Belgica</i></a>, University of California Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520052970" title="Special:BookSources/9780520052970"><bdi>9780520052970</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gallia+Belgica&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780520052970&rft.aulast=Wightman&rft.aufirst=Edith+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaEyS54uSj88C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervii" class="Z3988"></span> page 12-14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Commentarii_de_Bello_Gallico" title="Commentarii de Bello Gallico">Commentarii de Bello Gallico</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Commentaries_on_the_Gallic_War/Book_2#4" class="extiw" title="s:Commentaries on the Gallic War/Book 2">2.4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Geographica" title="Geographica">Geographica</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/4C*.html">4.3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Germania_(book)" title="Germania (book)">Germania</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0083%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D28">28</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davidsfonds-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davidsfonds_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davidsfonds_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamarcqRogge1996" class="citation cs2">Lamarcq, Danny; Rogge, Marc (1996), <i>De Taalgrens: Van de oude tot de nieuwe Belgen</i>, Davidsfonds</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Taalgrens%3A+Van+de+oude+tot+de+nieuwe+Belgen&rft.pub=Davidsfonds&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Lamarcq&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft.au=Rogge%2C+Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervii" class="Z3988"></span> page 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M._Gysseling_1975_pp._1-6-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-M._Gysseling_1975_pp._1-6_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M._Gysseling_1975_pp._1-6_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGysseling1975" class="citation journal cs1">Gysseling, M. (1975). "Enkele Belgische leenwoorden in de toponymie". <i>Naamkunde</i>. <b>7</b>: 1–6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Naamkunde&rft.atitle=Enkele+Belgische+leenwoorden+in+de+toponymie&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=1-6&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Gysseling&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreffers-DallerWillemyns2002" class="citation cs2">Treffers-Daller, Jeanine; Willemyns, Roland (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H7VcdGI20FkC&pg=PA9">"Genesis and Evolution of the Romance-Germanic Language Border in Europe"</a>, <i>Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development</i> (Language Contact at the Romance-Germanic Language Border), <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01434630208666450">10.1080/01434630208666450</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781853596278" title="Special:BookSources/9781853596278"><bdi>9781853596278</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144862907">144862907</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Multilingual+and+Multicultural+Development&rft.atitle=Genesis+and+Evolution+of+the+Romance-Germanic+Language+Border+in+Europe&rft.issue=Language+Contact+at+the+Romance-Germanic+Language+Border&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144862907%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01434630208666450&rft.isbn=9781853596278&rft.aulast=Treffers-Daller&rft.aufirst=Jeanine&rft.au=Willemyns%2C+Roland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH7VcdGI20FkC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lukeuedasarson.com/NDsagittariiNerviiGallicani.html">"N.D. unit listing: Sagittarii Nervii Gallicani"</a>. <i>lukeuedasarson.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lukeuedasarson.com&rft.atitle=N.D.+unit+listing%3A+Sagittarii+Nervii+Gallicani&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flukeuedasarson.com%2FNDsagittariiNerviiGallicani.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaesar1982" class="citation cs2">Caesar, (transl S. A. Handford) (1982), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BrGDlCHNufEC"><i>The conquest of Gaul</i></a>, Penguin</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+conquest+of+Gaul&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Caesar&rft.aufirst=%28transl+S.+A.+Handford%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBrGDlCHNufEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervii" class="Z3988"></span>, page 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wightman20-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wightman20_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWightman1985" class="citation cs2">Wightman, Edith Mary (1985), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aEyS54uSj88C"><i>Gallia Belgica</i></a>, University of California Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520052970" title="Special:BookSources/9780520052970"><bdi>9780520052970</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gallia+Belgica&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780520052970&rft.aulast=Wightman&rft.aufirst=Edith+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaEyS54uSj88C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervii" class="Z3988"></span> page 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas P.F. Hoving, "'Valuables and Ornamental Items': The Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Alastair Bradley Martin" <i>The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin</i> New Series, 28.3 (November 1969:147-160) p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pierre Turquin ("La Bataille de la Selle (du Sabis) en l' An 57 avant J.-C.", <i>Les Études Classiques</i> 23.2 (1955), 113-156)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julius Caesar, <i>Commentarii de Bello Gallico</i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Commentaries_on_the_Gallic_War/Book_2" class="extiw" title="s:Commentaries on the Gallic War/Book 2">2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julius Caesar, <i>Commentarii de Bello Gallico</i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Commentaries_on_the_Gallic_War/Book_5#38" class="extiw" title="s:Commentaries on the Gallic War/Book 5">5.38-52</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julius Caesar, <i>Commentarii de Bello Gallico</i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Commentaries_on_the_Gallic_War/Book_5#42" class="extiw" title="s:Commentaries on the Gallic War/Book 5">5.42</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julius Caesar, <i>Commentarii de Bello Gallico</i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Commentaries_on_the_Gallic_War/Book_5#43" class="extiw" title="s:Commentaries on the Gallic War/Book 5">5.43</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julius Caesar, <i>Commentarii de Bello Gallico</i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Commentaries_on_the_Gallic_War/Book_5#45" class="extiw" title="s:Commentaries on the Gallic War/Book 5">5.45</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julius Caesar, <i>Commentarii de Bello Gallico</i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Commentaries_on_the_Gallic_War/Book_6#3" class="extiw" title="s:Commentaries on the Gallic War/Book 6">6.3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelamarre200364-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelamarre200364_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDelamarre2003">Delamarre 2003</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaider-Feytmans1952" class="citation cs2">Faider-Feytmans, Germaine (1952), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1952_num_21_2_3453">"Les limites de la cité des Nerviens"</a>, <i>L'Antiquité classique</i>, <b>21</b> (2): 338–358, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fantiq.1952.3453">10.3406/antiq.1952.3453</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Antiquit%C3%A9+classique&rft.atitle=Les+limites+de+la+cit%C3%A9+des+Nerviens&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=338-358&rft.date=1952&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fantiq.1952.3453&rft.aulast=Faider-Feytmans&rft.aufirst=Germaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fantiq_0770-2817_1952_num_21_2_3453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervii" class="Z3988"></span>. See page 354.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervii&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBusse2006" class="citation book cs1">Busse, Peter E. (2006). "Belgae". In <a href="/wiki/John_T._Koch" title="John T. Koch">Koch, John T.</a> (ed.). <i>Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia</i>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 195–200. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-440-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-440-0"><bdi>978-1-85109-440-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Belgae&rft.btitle=Celtic+Culture%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=195-200&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-440-0&rft.aulast=Busse&rft.aufirst=Peter+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervii" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelamarre2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Delamarre" title="Xavier Delamarre">Delamarre, Xavier</a> (2003). <i>Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental</i>. Errance. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782877723695" title="Special:BookSources/9782877723695"><bdi>9782877723695</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+de+la+langue+gauloise%3A+Une+approche+linguistique+du+vieux-celtique+continental&rft.pub=Errance&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9782877723695&rft.aulast=Delamarre&rft.aufirst=Xavier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervii" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalileyev2010" class="citation book cs1">Falileyev, Alexander (2010). <i>Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World</i>. CMCS. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0955718236" title="Special:BookSources/978-0955718236"><bdi>978-0955718236</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Continental+Celtic+Place-names%3A+A+Celtic+Companion+to+the+Barrington+Atlas+of+the+Greek+and+Roman+World&rft.pub=CMCS&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0955718236&rft.aulast=Falileyev&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervii" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervii&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/a/battlefields/sabis/selle.html">Battle of the Sabis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080917231936/http://home.nordnet.fr/~floridant/bavay.htm">Bavay: cité gallo-romaine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervii&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Celtic tribes">List of Celtic tribes</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gauls" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Gallic_peoples" title="Template:Gallic peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gallic_peoples" title="Template talk:Gallic peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gallic_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gallic peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gauls" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Allia" title="Battle of the Allia">Battle of the Allia</a> (ca. 387 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_settlement_of_Southeast_Europe" title="Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe">Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatian_War" title="Galatian War">Galatian War</a> (189 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Transalpine_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Transalpine War">First Transalpine War</a> (125–121 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallic_Wars" title="Gallic Wars">Gallic Wars</a> (58–50 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Roman Gaul</a> (50 BC–476 AD)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sequani gold coin"><img alt="Sequani gold coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg/70px-Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg/105px-Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg/140px-Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1954" data-file-height="1977" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambactus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambactus (page does not exist)">Ambactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bard" title="Bard">Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eubages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eubages (page does not exist)">Eubages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_culture" title="Gallo-Roman culture">Gallo-Roman culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemeton" title="Nemeton">Nemeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">Oppidum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaulish" title="Cisalpine Gaulish">Cisalpine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galatian_language" title="Galatian language">Galatian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tène culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaulish_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaulish religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vates" title="Vates">Vātes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergobret" title="Vergobret">Vergobret</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Belgica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambiani" title="Ambiani">Ambiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aresaces" title="Aresaces">Aresaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrebates" title="Atrebates">Atrebates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atuatuci" title="Atuatuci">Atuatuci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellovaci" title="Bellovaci">Bellovaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caeracates" title="Caeracates">Caeracates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caeroesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Caeroesi">Caeroesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caletes" title="Caletes">Caletes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catuslugi" title="Catuslugi">Catuslugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalauni" title="Catalauni">Catalauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condrusi" title="Condrusi">Condrusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburones" title="Eburones">Eburones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuci" title="Leuci">Leuci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediomatrici" title="Mediomatrici">Mediomatrici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meldi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meldi (page does not exist)">Meldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menapii" title="Menapii">Menapii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morini" title="Morini">Morini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemetes" title="Nemetes">Nemetes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nervii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paemani" title="Paemani">Paemani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remi" title="Remi">Remi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvanectes" title="Silvanectes">Silvanectes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suessiones" title="Suessiones">Suessiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treveri" title="Treveri">Treveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triboci" title="Triboci">Triboci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veliocasses" title="Veliocasses">Veliocasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viromandui" title="Viromandui">Viromandui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Celtica" title="Gallia Celtica">Celtica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrincatui" title="Abrincatui">Abrincatui</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambiliati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambiliati (page does not exist)">Ambiliati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aedui" title="Aedui">Aedui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambarri" title="Ambarri">Ambarri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andecavi" title="Andecavi">Andecavi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arouii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arouii (page does not exist)">Arouii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arverni" title="Arverni">Arverni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulerci" title="Aulerci">Aulerci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brannovices" title="Brannovices">Brannovices</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aulerci_Cenomani" title="Aulerci Cenomani">Cenomani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diablintes" title="Diablintes">Diablintes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eburovices" title="Eburovices">Eburovices</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodiocasses" title="Bodiocasses">Bodiocasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bituriges_Cubi" title="Bituriges Cubi">Bituriges Cubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bituriges_Vivisci" title="Bituriges Vivisci">Bituriges Vivisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadurci" title="Cadurci">Cadurci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnutes" title="Carnutes">Carnutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriosolites" title="Coriosolites">Coriosolites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durocasses" title="Durocasses">Durocasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esuvii" title="Esuvii">Esuvii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabali" title="Gabali">Gabali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetii" title="Helvetii">Helvetii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latobrigi" title="Latobrigi">Latobrigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemovices" title="Lemovices">Lemovices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexovii" title="Lexovii">Lexovii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingones" title="Lingones">Lingones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandubii" title="Mandubii">Mandubii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namnetes" title="Namnetes">Namnetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitiobroges" title="Nitiobroges">Nitiobroges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osismii" title="Osismii">Osismii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parisii_(Gaul)" title="Parisii (Gaul)">Parisii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrocorii" title="Petrocorii">Petrocorii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictones" title="Pictones">Pictones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rauraci" title="Rauraci">Rauraci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redones" title="Redones">Redones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruteni" title="Ruteni">Ruteni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sagii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sagii (page does not exist)">Sagii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santoni_(tribe)" title="Santoni (tribe)">Santoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senones" title="Senones">Senones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segusiavi" title="Segusiavi">Segusiavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequani" title="Sequani">Sequani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigurini" title="Tigurini">Tigurini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricasses" title="Tricasses">Tricasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulingi" title="Tulingi">Tulingi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turoni" title="Turoni">Turoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellavii" title="Vellavii">Vellavii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venelli" title="Venelli">Venelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneti_(Gaul)" title="Veneti (Gaul)">Veneti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viducasses" title="Viducasses">Viducasses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis">Narbonensis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agesinates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agesinates (page does not exist)">Agesinates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albici (page does not exist)">Albici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allobroges" title="Allobroges">Allobroges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatilii" title="Anatilii">Anatilii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atacini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atacini (page does not exist)">Atacini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatici" title="Avatici">Avatici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bormani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bormani (page does not exist)">Bormani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budenicenses" title="Budenicenses">Budenicenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camactulici" title="Camactulici">Camactulici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavari" title="Cavari">Cavari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cenomani_(Narbonensis)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cenomani (Narbonensis) (page does not exist)">Cenomani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comani_(tribe)" title="Comani (tribe)">Comani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexivates" title="Dexivates">Dexivates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvii" title="Helvii">Helvii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libicii_(Narbonensis)" title="Libicii (Narbonensis)">Libicii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligauni" title="Ligauni">Ligauni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longostaletes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longostaletes (page does not exist)">Longostaletes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memini_(tribe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memini (tribe) (page does not exist)">Memini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearchi" title="Nearchi">Nearchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxybii" title="Oxybii">Oxybii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reii" title="Reii">Reii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyes" title="Salyes">Salyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segobrigii" title="Segobrigii">Segobrigii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segovellauni" title="Segovellauni">Segovellauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suelteri" title="Suelteri">Suelteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolosates" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolosates">Tolosates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricastini" title="Tricastini">Tricastini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricores" title="Tricores">Tricores</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tricorii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tricorii (page does not exist)">Tricorii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritolli" title="Tritolli">Tritolli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertamocorii_(Narbonensis)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vertamocorii (Narbonensis) (page does not exist)">Vertamocorii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verucini" title="Verucini">Verucini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocontii" title="Vocontii">Vocontii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcae" title="Volcae">Volcae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arecomici" title="Arecomici">Arecomici</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tectosages" title="Tectosages">Tectosages</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulgientes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vulgientes (page does not exist)">Vulgientes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Alpina" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallia Alpina">Alpina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acitavones" title="Acitavones">Acitavones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adanates" title="Adanates">Adanates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adunicates" title="Adunicates">Adunicates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alauni" title="Alauni">Alauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambidravi" title="Ambidravi">Ambidravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambilici" title="Ambilici">Ambilici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambisontes" title="Ambisontes">Ambisontes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneuniates" title="Aneuniates">Aneuniates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ausuciates" title="Ausuciates">Ausuciates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avantici" title="Avantici">Avantici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belaci" title="Belaci">Belaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belouni" title="Belouni">Belouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benacenses" title="Benacenses">Benacenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergalei" title="Bergalei">Bergalei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodiontici" title="Bodiontici">Bodiontici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigantii" title="Brigantii">Brigantii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigianii" title="Brigianii">Brigianii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brixentes" title="Brixentes">Brixentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calucones" title="Calucones">Calucones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carni" title="Carni">Carni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catenates" title="Catenates">Catenates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catubrini" title="Catubrini">Catubrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caturiges" title="Caturiges">Caturiges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceutrones" title="Ceutrones">Ceutrones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosuanetes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosuanetes (page does not exist)">Cosuanetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecdinii" title="Ecdinii">Ecdinii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eguiturii" title="Eguiturii">Eguiturii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallitae" title="Gallitae">Gallitae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genauni" title="Genauni">Genauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graioceli" title="Graioceli">Graioceli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iemerii" title="Iemerii">Iemerii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingauni" title="Ingauni">Ingauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licates" title="Licates">Licates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medulli" title="Medulli">Medulli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantuates" title="Nantuates">Nantuates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemaloni" title="Nemaloni">Nemaloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemeturii" title="Nemeturii">Nemeturii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quariates" title="Quariates">Quariates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rucinates" title="Rucinates">Rucinates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salassi" title="Salassi">Salassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savincates" title="Savincates">Savincates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebaginni" title="Sebaginni">Sebaginni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seduni" title="Seduni">Seduni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segovii" title="Segovii">Segovii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segusini" title="Segusini">Segusini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentii" title="Sentii">Sentii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogionti" title="Sogionti">Sogionti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suanetes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suanetes (page does not exist)">Suanetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suetrii" title="Suetrii">Suetrii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebavii" title="Tebavii">Tebavii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triulatti" title="Triulatti">Triulatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ucennii" title="Ucennii">Ucennii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vediantii" title="Vediantii">Vediantii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velaunii" title="Velaunii">Velaunii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venisami" title="Venisami">Venisami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venostes" title="Venostes">Venostes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vennones" title="Vennones">Vennones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veragri" title="Veragri">Veragri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergunni" title="Vergunni">Vergunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesubiani" title="Vesubiani">Vesubiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindelici" title="Vindelici">Vindelici</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Cisalpina" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallia Cisalpina">Cisalpina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anamares&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anamares (page does not exist)">Anamares</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anauni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anauni (page does not exist)">Anauni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anesiates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anesiates (page does not exist)">Anesiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arusnates" title="Arusnates">Arusnates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagienni" title="Bagienni">Bagienni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boii_(Cisalpine_Gaul)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boii (Cisalpine Gaul) (page does not exist)">Boii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromanenses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromanenses (page does not exist)">Bromanenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenomani_(Cisalpine_Gaul)" title="Cenomani (Cisalpine Gaul)">Cenomani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallianates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallianates (page does not exist)">Gallianates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gennanates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gennanates (page does not exist)">Gennanates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insubres" title="Insubres">Insubres</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libicii_(Cisalpine_Gaul)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libicii (Cisalpine Gaul) (page does not exist)">Libicii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marici_(tribe)" title="Marici (tribe)">Marici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montunates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montunates (page does not exist)">Montunates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orobii" title="Orobii">Orobii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subinates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subinates (page does not exist)">Subinates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurini" title="Taurini">Taurini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertamocorii" title="Vertamocorii">Vertamocorii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Votodrones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Votodrones (page does not exist)">Votodrones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania">Aquitania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boii_(Aquitania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boii (Aquitania) (page does not exist)">Boii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocosates" title="Cocosates">Cocosates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lactorates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lactorates (page does not exist)">Lactorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotiates" title="Sotiates">Sotiates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarusates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarusates (page does not exist)">Tarusates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasates_(tribe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasates (tribe) (page does not exist)">Vasates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_settlement_of_Southeast_Europe" title="Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe">Eastern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anartes" title="Anartes">Anartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabiates" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabiates">Arabiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boii" title="Boii">Boii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britolagai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britolagai (page does not exist)">Britolagai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornacates" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornacates">Cornacates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costoboci" title="Costoboci">Costoboci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotini" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotini">Gotini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eravisci" title="Eravisci">Eravisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercuniates" class="mw-redirect" title="Hercuniates">Hercuniates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latobici" title="Latobici">Latobici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scordisci" title="Scordisci">Scordisci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dindari" title="Dindari">Dindari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celegeri" title="Celegeri">Celegeri</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serdi" title="Serdi">Serdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurisci" title="Taurisci">Taurisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varciani" title="Varciani">Varciani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aigosages" title="Aigosages">Aigosages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectosages" title="Tectosages">Tectosages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolistobogii" title="Tolistobogii">Tolistobogii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trocmi" title="Trocmi">Trocmi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Roman<br />settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alesia_(city)" title="Alesia (city)">Alesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentomagus" title="Argentomagus">Argentomagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avaricum" title="Avaricum">Avaricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-M%C3%BCnsterh%C3%BCgel" title="Basel-Münsterhügel">Basel-Münsterhügel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibracte" title="Bibracte">Bibracte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibrax" title="Bibrax">Bibrax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenabum" title="Cenabum">Cenabum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cularo" title="Cularo">Cularo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppidum_d%27Ens%C3%A9rune" title="Oppidum d'Ensérune">Ensérune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entremont_(oppidum)" title="Entremont (oppidum)">Entremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gergovia" title="Gergovia">Gergovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magetobria" title="Magetobria">Magetobria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noreia" title="Noreia">Noreia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tylis" title="Tylis">Tylis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertillum" title="Vertillum">Vertillum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Part of:</i> <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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