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maqolalar</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:NewPages"><span>Yangi sahifalar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:Random" title="Tasodifiy sahifaga oʻtish [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tasodifiy maqola</span></a></li><li id="n-Maqolalar-indeksi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Maqolalar_indeksi"><span>Maqolalar indeksi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Ishtirok" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Ishtirok" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ishtirok </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Xatolar_haqida_xabarlar" title="Ushbu sahifadagi xato haqida xabar berish"><span>Xato haqida xabar berish</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:RecentChanges" title="Vikidagi eng so‘nggi o‘zgarishlar ro‘yxati [r]" 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emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Qiyofa"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Qiyofa" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Qiyofa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_uz.wikipedia.org&uselang=uz" class=""><span>Loyihaga koʻmak</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CreateAccount&returnto=Ko%27chatli+tuproq" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud boʻlmasa-da, hisob yaratishingiz va tizimga kirishingiz tavsiya etiladi." class=""><span>Hisob yaratish</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UserLogin&returnto=Ko%27chatli+tuproq" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud bo‘lmasa-da, kirishingiz taklif qilinadi. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Kirish</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Koʻproq opsiyalar" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Shaxsiy uskunalar" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Shaxsiy uskunalar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Foydalanuvchi menyusi" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_uz.wikipedia.org&uselang=uz"><span>Loyihaga koʻmak</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CreateAccount&returnto=Ko%27chatli+tuproq" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud boʻlmasa-da, hisob yaratishingiz va tizimga kirishingiz tavsiya etiladi."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hisob yaratish</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UserLogin&returnto=Ko%27chatli+tuproq" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud bo‘lmasa-da, kirishingiz taklif qilinadi. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Kirish</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chiqishni amalga oshirgan tahrirchilar uchun sahifalar <a href="/wiki/Yordam:Mundarija" aria-label="Tahrirlash haqida batafsil maʼlumot"><span>batafsil maʼlumot</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:MyContributions" title="Bu IP-manzildan amalga oshirilgan tahrirlar roʻyxati [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Qoʻshilgan hissa</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:MyTalk" title="Bu IP-manzildan amalga oshirilgan tahrirlar munozarasi [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mundarija" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mundarija</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Kirish</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tarkibi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarkibi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tarkibi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tarkibi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tarkibi subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tarkibi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Namlikni_ushlab_turish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namlikni_ushlab_turish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Namlikni ushlab turish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namlikni_ushlab_turish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drenaj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drenaj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Drenaj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drenaj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oziq_moddalar_va_kimyo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oziq_moddalar_va_kimyo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Oziq moddalar va kimyo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oziq_moddalar_va_kimyo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turli_xil_foydalanish_uchun_turli_xil_aralashmalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turli_xil_foydalanish_uchun_turli_xil_aralashmalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Turli xil foydalanish uchun turli xil aralashmalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turli_xil_foydalanish_uchun_turli_xil_aralashmalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sterilizatsiya_(tozalash_ishlari)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sterilizatsiya_(tozalash_ishlari)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sterilizatsiya (tozalash ishlari)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sterilizatsiya_(tozalash_ishlari)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manbalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manbalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Manbalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manbalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mundarija" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ko'chatli tuproq</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 14 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="পটিং মিক্স – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পটিং মিক্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemina_(zahradnictv%C3%AD)" title="Zemina (zahradnictví) – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zemina (zahradnictví)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pflanzenerde" title="Pflanzenerde – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pflanzenerde" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potting_soil" title="Potting soil – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Potting soil" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra_para_macetas" title="Tierra para macetas – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tierra para macetas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurrustel" title="Lurrustel – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lurrustel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="خاک گلدان – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خاک گلدان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terreau" title="Terreau – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Terreau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terriccio" title="Terriccio – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Terriccio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%B9%E9%A4%8A%E5%9C%9F" title="培養土 – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="培養土" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tany_mainty" title="Tany mainty – malagasiy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tany mainty" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potgrond" title="Potgrond – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Potgrond" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Субстрат (растениеводство) – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Субстрат (растениеводство)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potting_soil" title="Potting soil – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Potting soil" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q886220#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomfazolar"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ko%27chatli_tuproq" title="Sahifani ko‘rish [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Maqola</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munozara:Ko%27chatli_tuproq&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Sahifa matni borasida munozara (sahifa yaratilmagan) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Til variantini oʻzgartirish" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">lotin/кирилл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-uz mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&variant=uz" lang="uz" hreflang="uz"><span>lotin/кирилл</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-uz-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&variant=uz-latn" lang="uz-Latn" hreflang="uz-Latn"><span>lotin</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-uz-Cyrl mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&variant=uz-cyrl" lang="uz-Cyrl" hreflang="uz-Cyrl"><span>кирилл</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Koʻrinishlar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ko%27chatli_tuproq"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&action=history" title="Bu sahifaning oʻzgarishlar tarixi [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Asboblar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Koʻproq opsiyalar" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Amallar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ko%27chatli_tuproq"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&action=history"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umumiy </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:WhatLinksHere/Ko%27chatli_tuproq" title="Ushbu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalar roʻyxati [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Bu yerga ishoratlar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:RecentChangesLinked/Ko%27chatli_tuproq" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalardagi yangi oʻzgarishlar [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Bogʻliq oʻzgarishlar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:SpecialPages" title="Maxsus sahifalar ro‘yxati [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Maxsus sahifalar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&oldid=5191447" title="Sahifaning ushbu versiyasiga doimiy ishorat"><span>Doimiy havola</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&action=info" title="Bu sahifa haqida koʻproq maʼlumot"><span>Sahifa haqida maʼlumot</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CiteThisPage&page=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&id=5191447&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Sahifadan matn parchasi 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="uz" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Potting_soil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Potting_soil.jpg/250px-Potting_soil.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Potting_soil.jpg/375px-Potting_soil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Potting_soil.jpg/500px-Potting_soil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption> Tuproq bilan toʻldirilgan guldon.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Koʻchatli tuprogʻi</b>, shuningdek, tuproq <b>aralashmasi</b> yoki guldon<b>li kompost</b> (Buyuk Britaniyada) sifatida ham tanilgan, oʻsimliklar, oʻtlar va sabzavotlarni guldon yoki maxsus konteynerlarda yetishtirish uchun substratdir. Bu atama birinchi bor 1861-yilgi <i>Amerika qishloq xoʻjaligi</i> mutaxassisi sonli gazetada qoʻllangan.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nomiga qaramay, koʻchatlar uchun <a href="/wiki/Tuproq" title="Tuproq">tuproq</a> kam yoki baʼzi hollarda umuman ishlatilmaydi, chunki u uy oʻsimliklarini yetishtirish uchun juda ogʻirlik qiladi.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Biroq, baʼzi mualliflar va yetkazib beruvchilar „koʻchatli tuproq“ va „koʻchat aralashmasi“ oʻrtasida farq qiladi, chunki birinchisida tuproq bor va ogʻirroqdir.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tuproqni oʻz ichiga olgan aralashmalar keng va katta maxsus guldonlarda koʻproq qabul qilinadi, chunki bunday maxsus guldonlar quyida joylashgan tuproqqa ochiq.<sup id="cite_ref-grank_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grank-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarkibi">Tarkibi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tarkibi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tarkibi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oddiy tuproq aralashmalari namlikni saqlaydigan bir yoki bir nechta materiallarni, shamollatish va drenajga yordam beradigan bir qancha materiallarni va oʻgʻitlarni oʻz ichiga oladi. Namlikni saqlaydigan materiallar va shamollatish materiallari zavodning oʻziga xos ehtiyojlariga qarab har qanday nisbatda birlashtirilishi mumkin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Namlikni_ushlab_turish">Namlikni ushlab turish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Namlikni ushlab turish" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Namlikni ushlab turish"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bu qism odatda <a href="/wiki/Torf" title="Torf">torfdan</a> (odatda kislotalikni kamaytirish uchun <a href="/wiki/Ohaktoshlar" title="Ohaktoshlar">ohaktosh</a> bilan)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yoki hindiston yongʻogʻi poʻstlogʻidan iborat. U suv va ozuqa moddalarini soʻrish uchun xizmat qiladi. <a href="/wiki/Po%CA%BBstloq" title="Poʻstloq">Daraxt qobigʻi</a>, asosan qaragʻay, ham foydalanilishi mumkin. </p><p>Torfdan foydalanish <a href="/wiki/Torf" title="Torf">munozarali</a>, chunki torfzorlardan torf moxini yigʻib olish (botqoqlar va botqoqlar kabi noyob yashash joylarini oʻz ichiga oladi) bu torfzorlarni yomonlashtiradi. Torfzorlar turli xil oʻsimlik va hayvonlar turlarining vatani hisoblanadi. Torf ham juda sekin toʻplanish tezligiga ega, yiliga 1 mm dan kam, shuning uchun ularni qayta tiklash uchun uzoq vaqt kerak boʻladi. Torfli yerlar ham uglerod choʻkmalari boʻlib, ular dunyo yuzasining 3 % ni tashkil qiladi, lekin tuproqda ajraladigan uglerodning 30 % gacha saqlaydi.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CO2 yutuvchi oʻsimliklar qatlamini olib tashlash atmosferaga CO2 ni chiqarib, iqlim oʻzgarishiga hissa qoʻshadi.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shunday qilib, hindiston yongʻogʻi kabi alternativlar baʼzi tashkilotlar tomonidan targʻib qilinadi.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drenaj">Drenaj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Drenaj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Drenaj"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drenaj va shamollatish uchun qum va <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grit" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:grit">grunt</a> ishlatilishi mumkin. <a href="/wiki/Perlit" title="Perlit">Perlit</a> va <a href="/wiki/Vermikulit" title="Vermikulit">vermikulit</a> havoni va suvni ushlab turishni darajasini yaxshilaydi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oziq_moddalar_va_kimyo">Oziq moddalar va kimyo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Oziq moddalar va kimyo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Oziq moddalar va kimyo"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Barcha oʻsimliklar oʻsishi uchun zarur boʻlgan oʻsimlik ozuqa moddalariga muhtoj, shuning uchun tuproqda yetarli miqdor borligiga ishonch hosil qilish muhimdir.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baʼzi ozuqa moddalari koʻpaytiriladigan ingredientlarda allaqachon mavjud boʻlishi mumkin.<sup id="cite_ref-uvm_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uvm-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Torf tarkibida deyarli hech qachon chiqarilmaydigan 1 % azot mavjud. Ohaktosh (<a href="/wiki/Vodorod_ko%CA%BBrsatgichi_(pH)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vodorod koʻrsatgichi (pH)">pH</a> ni oshirish uchun), asosan, kalsiyni (<a href="/wiki/Kalsit" title="Kalsit">kalsit</a>) oʻz ichiga oladi, lekin magniyni (dolomitik) ham oʻz ichiga olishi mumkin. Ikkinchisiga afzallik beriladi, chunki u ikkala elementni ham taʼminlaydi. Ohaktoshning torfga odatiy nisbati 8.5 pounds per cubic yard (5.0 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) .<sup id="cite_ref-uvm_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uvm-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coir tarkibida yuqori miqdorda elektrolitlar (tuzlar) mavjud. Darhaqiqat, ishlov berilmagan koʻkat oʻsimlik oʻsishi uchun juda koʻp natriy va kaliyni oʻz ichiga oladi, shuning uchun u yuviladi va keyin oʻsish muhitini ishlab chiqarish uchun buferlanadi (tuzlarni boshqa minerallar, odatda kaltsiy va magniy bilan qisman almashtiradi). Vermikulit tarkibida bir oz kaltsiy va magniy mavjud, ammo bundan ham muhimi u suv va ozuqa moddalarini gözenekli tuzilishda saqlashga yordam beradi. </p><p>Koʻp miqdorda taʼminlanmagan ozuqa moddalari oʻgʻit bilan taʼminlanishi kerak. Anʼanaviy aralashmalarda ular sintetik oʻgʻitlarning sekin ajralib chiqadigan formulalari boʻlishi mumkin, organik aralashmalar <a href="/wiki/Kompost" title="Kompost">kompost</a> kabi organik manbalardan (masalan, barg mogʻorlari, <a href="/wiki/Po%CA%BBstloq" title="Poʻstloq">qobiq</a> komposti yoki qayta ishlangan qoʻziqorin komposti) foydalanadi. Oʻgʻitlardan ortiqcha foydalanish, odatdagi tuproqlarda boʻlgani kabi, oʻsimlikka zarar etkazishi mumkin.<sup id="cite_ref-uvm_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uvm-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kompost uchun tavsiya etilgan maksimal miqdor kompostning 1 qismidan 1 qismli hajmli materialdir.<sup id="cite_ref-grank_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grank-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aralash tuproqdan tayyorlanmagan boʻlishiga qaramay, tuproq aralashmasining kimyosini tahlil qilish uchun tuproq sinovini oʻtkazish mumkin. Uyda uyda ekish uchun taxminiy maʼlumot sifatida, aralashma odatda <a href="/wiki/Issiqxona" title="Issiqxona">issiqxona</a> oʻsish vositasi sifatida qabul qilinadi. Asosiy usul — bu aralashmaning suv ekstraktining kimyoviy tarkibini sinovdan oʻtkazadigan toʻyingan muhit ekstrakti (SME).<sup id="cite_ref-uvm_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uvm-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>SME usuli boʻyicha tuproq aralashmasi uchun mos moddalar darajalari<sup id="cite_ref-uvm_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uvm-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>lower-alpha 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Tahlil </th> <th>Qabul qilinadi, min </th> <th>Optimal, min </th> <th>Optimal, maks </th> <th>Qabul qilinadi, maks </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Eriydigan tuz, mS/sm <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>lower-alpha 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>0,75 </td> <td>2.0 </td> <td>3.5 </td> <td>5.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nitrat-N, ppm <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>lower-alpha 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>40 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>200 </td> <td>299 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Fosfor, ppm </th> <td>3 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Kaltsiy, ppm </th> <td>80 </td> <td>200 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Magniy, ppm </th> <td>30 </td> <td>70 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turli_xil_foydalanish_uchun_turli_xil_aralashmalar">Turli xil foydalanish uchun turli xil aralashmalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Turli xil foydalanish uchun turli xil aralashmalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Turli xil foydalanish uchun turli xil aralashmalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oʻsish muhiti har bir oʻsimlikning (va oʻsish bosqichining) aeratsiya, drenaj, oziqlanish va pH uchun afzalligiga moslashtirilishi kerak.<sup id="cite_ref-grank_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grank-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Urugʻlarni boshlash uchun „nihol aralashmasi“ odatda engil vaznga ega va kichik urugʻli oʻsimliklarni boshlash uchun mos keladi. Kattaroq urugʻli ekinlar uchun „urugʻni boshlash“ aralashmasi mos keladi.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Erta oʻsishdan soʻng, koʻpchilik oʻsimliklar koʻproq drenajlangan idish aralashmasini afzal koʻradi. </p><p>Kaktuslar va sukkulentlar oʻtkir drenajni talab qiladi, shuning uchun perlit yoki qumning ancha katta foizini talab qiladi.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Venera pashshasi va koʻza oʻsimligi kabi goʻshtxoʻr oʻsimliklar botqoq va oʻtloqlar uchun keng tarqalgan ozuqa moddalari kam, kislotali tuproqlarni afzal koʻradi,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suvga asoslangan oʻsimliklar esa ogʻirroq ustki tuproq aralashmasida oʻsadi.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sterilizatsiya_(tozalash_ishlari)"><span id="Sterilizatsiya_.28tozalash_ishlari.29"></span>Sterilizatsiya (tozalash ishlari)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Sterilizatsiya (tozalash ishlari)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Sterilizatsiya (tozalash ishlari)"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yovvoyi oʻtlar va oʻsimliklardan yuqadigan kasalliklarning tarqalishini oldini olish uchun savdoda mavjud boʻlgan tuproq sterilizatsiya qilinadi.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bogʻ tuprogʻida boʻlgani kabi, tuproqli tuproq hasharotlarni jalb qilishi mumkin. Misol uchun, qoʻziqorin chivinlari koʻpincha xona oʻsimliklari atrofida uchraydi, chunki u nam tuproqda tuxum qoʻyadi.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Avstraliya" title="Avstraliya">Avstraliya</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yangi_Zelandiya" title="Yangi Zelandiya">Yangi Zelandiya</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Niderlandiya" title="Niderlandiya">Niderlandiya</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Qo%CA%BBshma_Shtatlari" title="Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari">Qoʻshma Shtatlar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> va Yaponiyada tuproq aralashmasi tufayli legioner kasalligining infeksiyalari qayd etilgan.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%27chatli_tuproq&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Manbalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3605845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50185534/50185534se9?single=1&query_type=word&queryword=potting+soil&first=1&max_to_show=10&hilite=50185534se9">Oxford English Dictionary</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pleasant, Barbara. „The Complete Houseplant Survival Guide.“ Pages 314. Storey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/1-58017-569-4" title="Maxsus:BookSources/1-58017-569-4">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">1-58017-569-4</span></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thespruce.com/difference-between-potting-soil-potting-mix-847812">„The Difference Between Potting Soil and Potting Mix“</a></span> (inglizcha). <i>The Spruce</i>.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grank-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-grank_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-grank_4-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-grank_4-2">4,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gardenranker.com/what-is-potting-soil/">What is Potting Soil?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nissen, Dante. „The Indoor Plant Bible.“ Page 21. Barronʼs. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-7641-5769-8" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-7641-5769-8">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-7641-5769-8</span></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/11/10/cop26-peat-carbon/">„Serious about climate change? Get serious about peat.“</a></span> (inglizcha). <i>Washington Post</i> (10-noyabr 2021-yil). Qaraldi: 26-iyul 2022-yil.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/gardeners-urged-to-stop-using-peat-based-compost-1918355.html">Gardeners urged to stop using peat-based compost</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/home/should-sustainable-gardeners-use-peat-moss/2017/05/09/1fc746f0-3118-11e7-9534-00e4656c22aa_story.html">Peat moss: Good for plants but bad for the planet?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gardenersworld.com/plants/alternatives-to-peat/">Peat alternatives in the garden</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><i>Leichty.</i> <span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://donotdisturbgardening.com/does-potting-soil-need-fertilizer/">„Does Potting Soil Need Fertilizer?“</a></span>. <i>Do Not Disturb Gardening</i>.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uvm-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-uvm_11-0">11,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-uvm_11-1">11,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-uvm_11-2">11,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-uvm_11-3">11,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-uvm_11-4">11,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uvm.edu/vtvegandberry/factsheets/pottingmix.html">„pottingmix“</a></span>. <i>www.uvm.edu</i>.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ag.umass.edu/greenhouse-floriculture/fact-sheets/methods-of-greenhouse-media-testing-how-they-differ">„Methods of Greenhouse Media Testing and How They Differ“</a></span> (inglizcha). <i>Center for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment</i> (6-mart 2015-yil).</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><i>Dawn Pettinelli, Extension Educator and Dr. Richard McAvoy.</i> <span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soiltest.uconn.edu/factsheets/InterpSMEGreenMedia.pdf">„Interpretation of SME Results for Greenhouse Media“</a></span>.  Soil Nutrient Analysis Laboratory, University of Connecticut. 2021-yil 9-dekabrda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211209043821/https://soiltest.uconn.edu/factsheets/InterpSMEGreenMedia.pdf">arxivlangan</a>. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 7-noyabr.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.johnnyseeds.com/growers-library/tools-supplies/seed-starting-transplanting-guidelines.html">„Guidelines for Starting Seeds Indoors, from Johnny's Research Team“</a></span>. <i>www.johnnyseeds.com</i>. Qaraldi: 19-yanvar 2021-yil.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Burne, Geoffrey. „Encyclopedia of Container Gardening.“ Page 22. Fog City Press. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-877019-43-2" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-877019-43-2">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-1-877019-43-2</span></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philadelphiaweekly.com/articles/17273/a-e--dirty-buttons">„Dirty Buttons - Arts and Culture - Philly Weekly“</a></span>. <i>philadelphiaweekly.com</i>. 2012-yil 7-sentyabrda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120907025516/http://www.philadelphiaweekly.com/articles/17273/a-e--dirty-buttons">arxivlangan</a>.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://features.csmonitor.com/gardening/2008/06/18/creating-a-water-garden-in-a-tub/">„Creating a water garden in a tub“</a></span>. <i>The Christian Science Monitor</i>.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><i>Carol Cloud Bailey.</i> <span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcpalm.com/lifestyle/columnists/carol-cloud-bailey-heat-potting-soil-to-prepare-it-for-replanting-ep-402745832-338716581.html">„Carol Cloud Bailey: Heat potting soil to prepare it for replanting“</a></span>. <i>TCP</i>. 2016-yil 30-mayda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160530121331/http://www.tcpalm.com/lifestyle/columnists/carol-cloud-bailey-heat-potting-soil-to-prepare-it-for-replanting-ep-402745832-338716581.html">arxivlangan</a>. Qaraldi: 30-may 2016-yil.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/home/articles/0628martha0628.html">„How to minimize dents in carpet from furniture“</a></span>.  azcentral.com.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5263675">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation magazine cs1">„Legionella longbeachae pneumonia associated with potting mix“. <i>Med. J. Aust</i>. 161-jild, № 8. 1994-yil oktabr. 509-bet. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5694%2Fj.1326-5377.1994.tb127576.x">10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127576.x</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7935133">7935133</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Med.+J.+Aust.&rft.atitle=Legionella+longbeachae+pneumonia+associated+with+potting+mix&rft.chron=1994-yil+oktabr&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=509&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5694%2Fj.1326-5377.1994.tb127576.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7935133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%3AKo%27chatli+tuproq" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Andoza:Cite_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Andoza:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">sana kiritilishi kerak boʻlgan parametrga berilgan qiymatni tekshirish lozim: <code class="cs1-code">|date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Yordam:MU1_xatolari#bad_date" title="Yordam:MU1 xatolari">yordam</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5263675"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">„Fatal legionellosis from gardening“. <i>N. 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Infect</i>. 13-jild, № 1. 88–91-bet. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-0691.2006.01562.x">10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01562.x</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17184293">17184293</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clin.+Microbiol.+Infect.&rft.atitle=Legionnaires%27+disease+and+gardening&rft.chron=2007-yil+yanvar&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=88-91&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-0691.2006.01562.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17184293&rft.aulast=den+Boer&rft.aufirst=JW&rft.au=Yzerman%2C+EP&rft.au=Jansen%2C+R&rft.au=Bruin%2C+JP&rft.au=Verhoef%2C+LP&rft.au=Neve%2C+G&rft.au=van+der+Zwaluw%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%3AKo%27chatli+tuproq" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Andoza:Cite_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Andoza:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">sana kiritilishi kerak boʻlgan parametrga berilgan qiymatni tekshirish lozim: <code class="cs1-code">|date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Yordam:MU1_xatolari#bad_date" title="Yordam:MU1 xatolari">yordam</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5263675"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">„Legionnaires' disease associated with potting soil--California, Oregon, and Washington, May-June 2000“. <i>Can. Commun. Dis. Rep</i>. 26-jild, № 22. 2000-yil noyabr. 189–92-bet. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11131692">11131692</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Can.+Commun.+Dis.+Rep.&rft.atitle=Legionnaires%27+disease+associated+with+potting+soil--California%2C+Oregon%2C+and+Washington%2C+May-June+2000&rft.chron=2000-yil+noyabr&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=189-92&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11131692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%3AKo%27chatli+tuproq" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Andoza:Cite_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Andoza:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">sana kiritilishi kerak boʻlgan parametrga berilgan qiymatni tekshirish lozim: <code class="cs1-code">|date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Yordam:MU1_xatolari#bad_date" title="Yordam:MU1 xatolari">yordam</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4934a1.htm">„Legionnaires' Disease Associated with Potting Soil --- California, Oregon, and Washington, May--June 2000“</a></span>.  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>.</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">UVM data from the 1980s. An extended and updated (~1995) version of this table may be found from UConn.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significant variation in reference ranges is possible due to procedural differences, so it is recommended to use the test provider’s values.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">May be also written mmhos/cm using the "mho" synonym of S (siemens).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Generally written mg/L in newer sources.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""><pre>"<a 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