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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teorie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teorie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Teorie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Teorie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Teorie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Teorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Teorie_fondamentali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teorie_fondamentali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Teorie fondamentali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teorie_fondamentali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teorie_proposte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teorie_proposte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Teorie proposte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teorie_proposte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teorie_confutate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teorie_confutate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Teorie confutate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teorie_confutate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fisica teorica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 76 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoretiese_fisika" title="Teoretiese fisika - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Teoretiese fisika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="فيزياء نظرية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيزياء نظرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_te%C3%B3rica" title="Física teórica - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Física teórica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C9%99z%C9%99ri_fizika" title="Nəzəri fizika - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nəzəri fizika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тэарэтычная фізіка - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэарэтычная фізіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тэарэтычная фізыка - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тэарэтычная фізыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Теоретична физика - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Теоретична физика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="सैद्धांतिक भौतिकी - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सैद्धांतिक भौतिकी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তাত্ত্বিক পদার্থবিজ্ঞান - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাত্ত্বিক পদার্থবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik_teorikel" title="Fizik teorikel - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fizik teorikel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorijska_fizika" title="Teorijska fizika - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Teorijska fizika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_te%C3%B2rica" title="Física teòrica - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Física teòrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فیزیکی تیۆریک - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فیزیکی تیۆریک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoretick%C3%A1_fyzika" title="Teoretická fyzika - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Teoretická fyzika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Теорилле физика - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Теорилле физика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoretisk_fysik" title="Teoretisk fysik - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Teoretisk fysik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretische_Physik" title="Theoretische Physik - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Theoretische Physik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziko_teorik" title="Fiziko teorik - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fiziko teorik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%86%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Θεωρητική φυσική - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θεωρητική φυσική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_physics" title="Theoretical physics - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Theoretical physics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoria_fiziko" title="Teoria fiziko - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Teoria fiziko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_te%C3%B3rica" title="Física teórica - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Física teórica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoreetiline_f%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Teoreetiline füüsika - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Teoreetiline füüsika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika_teoriko" title="Fisika teoriko - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fisika teoriko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="فیزیک نظری - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیزیک نظری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoreettinen_fysiikka" title="Teoreettinen fysiikka - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Teoreettinen fysiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physique_th%C3%A9orique" title="Physique théorique - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Physique théorique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoretyske_natuerkunde" title="Teoretyske natuerkunde - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Teoretyske natuerkunde" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_te%C3%B3rica" title="Física teórica - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Física teórica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="פיזיקה תאורטית - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיזיקה תאורטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="सैद्धान्तिक भौतिकी - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सैद्धान्तिक भौतिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorijska_fizika" title="Teorijska fizika - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Teorijska fizika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elm%C3%A9leti_fizika" title="Elméleti fizika - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elméleti fizika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Տեսական ֆիզիկա - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տեսական ֆիզիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physica_theoric" title="Physica theoric - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Physica theoric" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika_teori" title="Fisika teori - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fisika teori" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="理論物理学 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="理論物理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Теориялық физика - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Теориялық физика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="이론물리학 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이론물리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiz%C3%AEka_teor%C3%AEk" title="Fizîka teorîk - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fizîka teorîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorin%C4%97_fizika" title="Teorinė fizika - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Teorinė fizika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teor%C4%93tisk%C4%81_fizika" title="Teorētiskā fizika - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Teorētiskā fizika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teori-teori_fisika" title="Teori-teori fisika - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Teori-teori fisika" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Теориска физика - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Теориска физика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Онолын физик - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Онолын физик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik_teori" title="Fizik teori - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fizik teori" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretische_natuurkunde" title="Theoretische natuurkunde - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Theoretische natuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoretisk_fysikk" title="Teoretisk fysikk - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Teoretisk fysikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoretisk_fysikk" title="Teoretisk fysikk - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Teoretisk fysikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸਿਧਾਂਤਕ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿਧਾਂਤਕ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyka_teoretyczna" title="Fizyka teoretyczna - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fizyka teoretyczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="تھیورٹیکل فزکس - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تھیورٹیکل فزکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_te%C3%B3rica" title="Física teórica - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Física teórica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_teoretic%C4%83" title="Fizică teoretică - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fizică teoretică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Теоретическая физика - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Теоретическая физика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_physics" title="Theoretical physics - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Theoretical physics" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorijska_fizika" title="Teorijska fizika - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Teorijska fizika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoretick%C3%A1_fyzika" title="Teoretická fyzika - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Teoretická fyzika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoreti%C4%8Dna_fizika" title="Teoretična fizika - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Teoretična fizika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika_teorike" title="Fizika teorike - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fizika teorike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorijska_fizika" title="Teorijska fizika - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Teorijska fizika" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika_tioritis" title="Fisika tioritis - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Fisika tioritis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoretisk_fysik" title="Teoretisk fysik - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Teoretisk fysik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கோட்பாட்டு இயற்பியல் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கோட்பாட்டு இயற்பியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%B5" title="ฟิสิกส์ทฤษฎี - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟิสิกส์ทฤษฎี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisikang_teoretikal" title="Pisikang teoretikal - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pisikang teoretikal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorik_fizik" title="Teorik fizik - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Teorik fizik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Теоретик физика - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Теоретик физика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Теоретична фізика - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Теоретична фізика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="نظریاتی طبیعیات - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نظریاتی طبیعیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BD_l%C3%BD_thuy%E1%BA%BFt" title="Vật lý lý thuyết - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vật lý lý thuyết" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika_teoretikal" title="Fisika teoretikal - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fisika teoretikal" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="理论物理学 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="理论物理学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="თეორიული ფიზიკა - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თეორიული ფიზიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="理论物理学 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="理论物理学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="理論物理學 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="理論物理學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18362#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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citazioni da <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fonti_attendibili" title="Wikipedia:Fonti attendibili">fonti attendibili</a> secondo le <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">linee guida sull'uso delle fonti</a>. Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Fisica" title="Progetto:Fisica">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LorentzianWormhole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/LorentzianWormhole.jpg/220px-LorentzianWormhole.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/LorentzianWormhole.jpg/330px-LorentzianWormhole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/LorentzianWormhole.jpg/440px-LorentzianWormhole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="881" data-file-height="846" /></a><figcaption>Rappresentazione visiva di un <i><a href="/wiki/Wormhole" class="mw-redirect" title="Wormhole">wormhole</a></i> di <a href="/wiki/Karl_Schwarzschild" title="Karl Schwarzschild">Schwarzschild</a>. Non sono mai stati osservati <i>wormholes</i>, ma l'esistenza è stata prevista attraverso <a href="/wiki/Modelli_matematici" class="mw-redirect" title="Modelli matematici">modelli matematici</a> e <a href="/wiki/Teoria_scientifica" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoria scientifica">teorie scientifiche</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>fisica teorica</b> è la branca della <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisica</a> che fa uso di <a href="/wiki/Modelli_matematici" class="mw-redirect" title="Modelli matematici">modelli matematici</a> e dell'<a href="/wiki/Astrazione_(filosofia)" title="Astrazione (filosofia)">astrazione</a> degli oggetti e dei sistemi fisici per motivare, spiegare e prevedere i fenomeni naturali. Si distingue dalla <a href="/wiki/Fisica_sperimentale" title="Fisica sperimentale">fisica sperimentale</a>, che cerca di studiare suddetti fenomeni tramite esperimenti. </p><p>L'avanzamento della <a href="/wiki/Scienza" title="Scienza">scienza</a> in genere dipende dalla relazione tra gli esperimenti e la teoria. In alcuni casi, la fisica teorica si attiene al rigore matematico dando minor peso agli esperimenti e alle osservazioni. Per esempio, quando stava sviluppando la <a href="/wiki/Relativit%C3%A0_ristretta" title="Relatività ristretta">relatività ristretta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> si preoccupava del problema delle <a href="/wiki/Trasformazioni_di_Lorentz" class="mw-redirect" title="Trasformazioni di Lorentz">trasformazioni di Lorentz</a> che lasciano le <a href="/wiki/Equazioni_di_Maxwell" title="Equazioni di Maxwell">equazioni di Maxwell</a> invariate, ma non era interessato all'<a href="/wiki/Esperimento_di_Michelson-Morley" title="Esperimento di Michelson-Morley">esperimento di Michelson-Morley</a> sull'<a href="/wiki/Etere_luminifero" title="Etere luminifero">etere luminifero</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Viceversa, Einstein fu insignito del <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_la_fisica" title="Premio Nobel per la fisica">premio Nobel per la fisica</a> per aver spiegato l'<a href="/wiki/Effetto_fotoelettrico" title="Effetto fotoelettrico">effetto fotoelettrico</a>, che era un risultato sperimentale carente di una formulazione teorica.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_s_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_s-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>È dibattuto il ruolo della matematica nella ricerca in fisica teorica, se viene usata per avere un'intuizione (soprattutto quando gli esperimenti non sono sufficienti), oppure se viene usata solo come strumento per formalizzare le teorie. </p><p>Concetti chiave, ampiamente diffusi in tutta la fisica teorica sono quelli di <a href="/wiki/Invarianza_(fisica)" title="Invarianza (fisica)">invarianza</a>/<a href="/wiki/Covarianza_e_controvarianza" title="Covarianza e controvarianza">covarianza</a> e <a href="/wiki/Simmetria_(fisica)" title="Simmetria (fisica)">simmetria</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisica_teorica&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisica_teorica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solar_sys.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Solar_sys.jpg/220px-Solar_sys.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Solar_sys.jpg/330px-Solar_sys.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Solar_sys.jpg/440px-Solar_sys.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="904" /></a><figcaption>Il <a href="/wiki/Sistema_solare" title="Sistema solare">Sistema solare</a> spiegato in termini di <a href="/wiki/Gravitazione_universale" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitazione universale">gravitazione universale</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spacetime_curvature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Spacetime_curvature.png/220px-Spacetime_curvature.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Spacetime_curvature.png/330px-Spacetime_curvature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Spacetime_curvature.png/440px-Spacetime_curvature.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption>Curvatura dello <a href="/wiki/Spazio-tempo" class="mw-redirect" title="Spazio-tempo">spazio-tempo</a> come prevista dalla <a href="/wiki/Teoria_della_relativit%C3%A0_generale" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoria della relatività generale">teoria della relatività generale</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HAtomOrbitals.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/HAtomOrbitals.png/220px-HAtomOrbitals.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/HAtomOrbitals.png 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption>Rappresentazione di <a href="/wiki/Orbitale_atomico" title="Orbitale atomico">orbitali atomici</a> come previsti dalla <a href="/wiki/Meccanica_quantistica" title="Meccanica quantistica">meccanica quantistica</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_Model_From_Fermi_Lab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Standard_Model_From_Fermi_Lab.jpg/220px-Standard_Model_From_Fermi_Lab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Standard_Model_From_Fermi_Lab.jpg/330px-Standard_Model_From_Fermi_Lab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Standard_Model_From_Fermi_Lab.jpg/440px-Standard_Model_From_Fermi_Lab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2679" /></a><figcaption>Rappresentazione del <a href="/wiki/Modello_standard" title="Modello standard">Modello standard</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Il ricorso al formalismo <a href="/wiki/Fisica_matematica" title="Fisica matematica">fisico-matematico</a> sempre più spinto e sofisticato della fisica teorica si è accentuato con la <a href="/wiki/Fisica_moderna" title="Fisica moderna">fisica moderna</a> del <a href="/wiki/XX_secolo" title="XX secolo">XX secolo</a>, con lo scopo di interpretare i fenomeni dell'infinitamente piccolo e dell'infinitamente grande, difficilmente riproducibili e osservabili in laboratorio. Se da una parte quindi, con la <a href="/wiki/Fisica_classica" title="Fisica classica">fisica classica</a>, la fisica teorica corrispondeva essenzialmente all'elaborazione dei fatti <a href="/wiki/Osservabile" title="Osservabile">sperimentali</a> e all'estrapolazione della teoria secondo il più classico <a href="/wiki/Metodo_scientifico" title="Metodo scientifico">metodo scientifico</a>, con la fisica del XX secolo la situazione può dirsi capovolta, con la fisica teorica a rappresentare spesso il metodo di indagine più praticabile per l'avanzamento delle conoscenze, attraverso il percorso <a href="/wiki/Deduzione" title="Deduzione">deduttivo</a>. Riflessioni <a href="/wiki/Epistemologia" title="Epistemologia">epistemologiche</a> in merito furono elaborate da <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a> sotto forma di ridefinizione <a href="/wiki/Deduzione" title="Deduzione">deduttivista</a>-sperimentale del metodo scientifico. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teorie">Teorie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisica_teorica&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Teorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisica_teorica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Teorie"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teorie_fondamentali">Teorie fondamentali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisica_teorica&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Teorie fondamentali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisica_teorica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Teorie fondamentali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le teorie fondamentali sono le teorie che costituiscono le fondamenta della nostra conoscenza fisica della natura. Sono teorie che hanno ricevuto svariate ed evidenti verifiche e conferme sperimentali e, d'altra parte, non hanno ricevuto alcuna confutazione sperimentale all'interno del dominio di validità che esse pretendono coprire. Sono pertanto delle teorie <i>comunemente accettate</i> dalla comunità universale dei fisici. </p><p>È importante sottolineare che una teoria fisica fondamentale può essere confutata da un esperimento, ma al di fuori del suo dominio di validità. Ad esempio, la teoria classica della meccanica galileiana è valida a velocità basse ma è confutata a velocità prossime a quelle della luce. </p><p>Fra le teorie fondamentali si possono enumerare: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meccanica_classica" title="Meccanica classica">Meccanica classica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teoria_della_gravitazione_universale" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoria della gravitazione universale">Teoria della gravitazione universale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamica" title="Termodinamica">Termodinamica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meccanica_statistica" title="Meccanica statistica">Meccanica statistica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elettromagnetismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Elettromagnetismo">Elettromagnetismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meccanica_quantistica" title="Meccanica quantistica">Meccanica quantistica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativit%C3%A0_ristretta" title="Relatività ristretta">Relatività ristretta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativit%C3%A0_generale" title="Relatività generale">Relatività generale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elettrodinamica_quantistica" title="Elettrodinamica quantistica">Elettrodinamica quantistica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromodinamica_quantistica" title="Cromodinamica quantistica">Cromodinamica quantistica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teoria_elettrodebole" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoria elettrodebole">Teoria elettrodebole</a></li></ul> <p>Inoltre, possiamo aggiungere a queste anche alcune teorie più recenti, che hanno ricevuto alcune verifiche sperimentali e sono ancora in fase di verifica: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modello_standard" title="Modello standard">Modello standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teoria_del_funzionale_della_densit%C3%A0" title="Teoria del funzionale della densità">Teoria del funzionale della densità</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Teoria del Big Bang</a></li></ul> <p>A volte un'evidenza sperimentale che contraddice la teoria originaria può portare alla sua riformulazione. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teorie_proposte">Teorie proposte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisica_teorica&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Teorie proposte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisica_teorica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Teorie proposte"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quelle che si definiscono teorie proposte sono teorie relativamente recenti che non hanno ancora ricevuto un'evidente verifica sperimentale o che non sono ancora sufficientemente verificate dagli esperimenti, ovvero che sono in fase di verifica. Si possono citare ad esempio: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supersimmetria" title="Supersimmetria">Supersimmetria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teoria_delle_stringhe" title="Teoria delle stringhe">Teoria delle stringhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravit%C3%A0_quantistica" title="Gravità quantistica">Gravità quantistica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teoria_della_grande_unificazione" title="Teoria della grande unificazione">Teoria della grande unificazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teoria_del_tutto" title="Teoria del tutto">Teoria del tutto</a></li></ul> <p>Se qualcuna di queste teorie verrà verificata da esperimenti, diventerà parte integrante della nostra concezione dell'universo, mentre le teorie alternative a quelle verificate, verranno scartate ed accantonate. Alcune di esse hanno un carattere piuttosto estremo e potrebbero essere definite <a href="/wiki/Protoscienza" title="Protoscienza">protoscienza</a>, mentre ad altre si addice maggiormente il termine <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscienza" title="Pseudoscienza">pseudoscienza</a>. Infine alcune di queste sono piuttosto marginali, nel senso che solo una ridotta parte della comunità dei fisici ritiene che potranno un giorno ricevere una conferma sperimentale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teorie_confutate">Teorie confutate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisica_teorica&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Teorie confutate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisica_teorica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Teorie confutate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le teorie confutate sono teorie proposte nel passato, ma che sono state confutate alla prova sperimentale dei fatti. Citiamo ad esempio: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etere_(fisica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Etere (fisica)">Teoria dell'etere luminifero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teoria_dello_stato_stazionario" title="Teoria dello stato stazionario">Teoria dello stato stazionario</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisica_teorica&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisica_teorica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Jeroen van Dongen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1007/s00407-009-0050-5"><span style="font-style:italic;">On the role of the Michelson-Morley experiment: Einstein in Chicago</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Archive for History of Exact Sciences</span>, vol. 63, 2009, pp. 655–663, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00407-009-0050-5">10.1007/s00407-009-0050-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/0908.1545">0908.1545</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref_s-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Ref_s_2-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/index.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">nobelprize.org</span>, <a href="/wiki/Fondazione_Nobel" title="Fondazione Nobel">Fondazione Nobel</a>. <small>URL consultato il 9 ottobre 2008</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisica_teorica&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisica_teorica&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisica_computazionale" title="Fisica computazionale">Fisica computazionale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisica_sperimentale" title="Fisica sperimentale">Fisica sperimentale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisica_classica" title="Fisica classica">Fisica classica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisica_moderna" title="Fisica moderna">Fisica moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covarianza_e_controvarianza" title="Covarianza e controvarianza">Covarianza e controvarianza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simmetria_(fisica)" title="Simmetria (fisica)">Simmetria (fisica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimensione_extra" title="Dimensione extra">Dimensione extra</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisica_teorica&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span 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Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title">Settori della <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisica</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Macroaree</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Fisica_applicata" title="Fisica applicata">Fisica applicata</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fisica_sperimentale" title="Fisica sperimentale">Fisica sperimentale</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fisica teorica</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">Energia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Moto_(fisica)" title="Moto (fisica)">moto</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Meccanica_classica" title="Meccanica classica">Meccanica classica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Meccanica_razionale" title="Meccanica razionale">Meccanica razionale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Meccanica_del_continuo" title="Meccanica del continuo">Meccanica del continuo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Meccanica_celeste" title="Meccanica celeste">Meccanica celeste</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Meccanica_statistica" title="Meccanica statistica">Meccanica statistica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Termodinamica" title="Termodinamica">Termodinamica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fluidodinamica" title="Fluidodinamica">Fluidodinamica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Meccanica_quantistica" title="Meccanica quantistica">Meccanica quantistica</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Onda" title="Onda">Onde</a> e <a href="/wiki/Campo_(fisica)" title="Campo (fisica)">campi</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Gravitazione" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitazione">Gravitazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elettromagnetismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Elettromagnetismo">Elettromagnetismo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_quantistica_dei_campi" title="Teoria quantistica dei campi">Teoria quantistica dei 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title="Fisica della materia condensata">Fisica della materia condensata</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fisica_dello_stato_solido" title="Fisica dello stato solido">Fisica dello stato solido</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisica_digitale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisica digitale (la pagina non esiste)">Fisica digitale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fisica_tecnica" title="Fisica tecnica">Fisica tecnica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fisica_matematica" title="Fisica matematica">Fisica matematica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fisica_nucleare" title="Fisica nucleare">Fisica nucleare</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ottica" title="Ottica">Ottica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ottica_non_lineare" title="Ottica non lineare">Ottica non lineare</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ottica_quantistica" title="Ottica quantistica">Ottica quantistica</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fisica_delle_particelle" title="Fisica delle particelle">Fisica delle particelle</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(fisica)" title="Plasma (fisica)">Fisica del plasma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisica_dei_polimeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisica dei polimeri (la pagina non esiste)">Fisica dei polimeri</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fisica_statistica" title="Fisica statistica">Fisica statistica</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Fisica e <a href="/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia">biologia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia">geologia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economia" title="Economia">economia</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Biofisica" title="Biofisica">Biofisica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Biomeccanica" title="Biomeccanica">Biomeccanica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fisica_medica" title="Fisica medica">Fisica medica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurofisica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neurofisica (la pagina non esiste)">Neurofisica</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agrofisica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agrofisica (la pagina non esiste)">Agrofisica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fisica_dell%27atmosfera" title="Fisica dell'atmosfera">Fisica dell'atmosfera</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Econofisica" title="Econofisica">Econofisica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Geofisica" title="Geofisica">Geofisica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Psicofisica" title="Psicofisica">Psicofisica</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA 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title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569547">00569547</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Categoria:Senza_fonti_-_maggio_2012" title="Categoria:Senza fonti - maggio 2012">Senza fonti - maggio 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_Thesaurus_BNCF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice Thesaurus BNCF">Voci con codice Thesaurus BNCF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_GND" title="Categoria:Voci con codice GND">Voci con codice GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_NDL" title="Categoria:Voci con codice NDL">Voci con codice NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_non_biografiche_con_codici_di_controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Categoria:Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità">Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 13 ago 2024 alle 15:22.</li> <li 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