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<span>Digital technology as a tool of anthropology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_technology_as_a_tool_of_anthropology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ethics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prominent_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prominent_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Prominent figures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prominent_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div 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<li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyberantropologie" title="Kyberantropologie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kyberantropologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberanthropologie" title="Cyberanthropologie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cyberanthropologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciberantropolog%C3%ADa" title="Ciberantropología – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciberantropología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="انسان‌شناسی دیجیتال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انسان‌شناسی دیجیتال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologie_num%C3%A9rique" title="Anthropologie numérique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anthropologie numérique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologia_del_cyberspazio" title="Antropologia del cyberspazio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antropologia del cyberspazio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Дигитална антропологија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дигитална антропологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberantropologia" title="Cyberantropologia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cyberantropologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" 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title="Ecogovernmentality">Ecogovernmentality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature%E2%80%93culture_divide" title="Nature–culture divide">Nature–culture divide</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Major theorists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Boellstorff" title="Tom Boellstorff">Tom Boellstorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Brassier" title="Ray Brassier">Ray Brassier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_H._Bratton" title="Benjamin H. Bratton">Benjamin H. Bratton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriella_Coleman" title="Gabriella Coleman">Gabriella Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Gilles Deleuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Ellen" title="Roy Ellen">Roy Ellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fisher" title="Mark Fisher">Mark Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Guattari" title="Félix Guattari">Félix Guattari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Haraway" title="Donna Haraway">Donna Haraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizuko_Ito" title="Mizuko Ito">Mizuko Ito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Land" title="Nick Land">Nick Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Latour" title="Bruno Latour">Bruno Latour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Miller_(anthropologist)" title="Daniel Miller (anthropologist)">Daniel Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Nelson" title="Ted Nelson">Ted Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza_Negarestani" title="Reza Negarestani">Reza Negarestani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadie_Plant" title="Sadie Plant">Sadie Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Virilio" title="Paul Virilio">Paul Virilio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Wesch" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Wesch">Mike Wesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_White" title="Leslie White">Leslie White</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Related articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_Realism" title="Capitalist Realism">Capitalist Realism</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_ecology" title="Cultural ecology">Cultural ecology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cybernetic_Culture_Research_Unit" title="Cybernetic Culture Research Unit">Cybernetic Culture Research Unit</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(CCRU)</span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybertext" title="Cybertext">Cybertext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_anthropology" title="Cyborg anthropology">Cyborg anthropology</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Digital anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_anthropology" title="Ecological anthropology">Ecological anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_anthropology" title="Environmental anthropology">Environmental anthropology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fanged_Noumena" title="Fanged Noumena">Fanged Noumena</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2011)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Kunzru" title="Hari Kunzru">Hari Kunzru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermedia" title="Hypermedia">Hypermedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertext_fiction" title="Hypertext fiction">Hypertext fiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Literary_Machines" title="Literary Machines">Literary Machines</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1981)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ecology" title="Political ecology">Political ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rave" title="Rave">Rave culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science,_technology_and_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Science, technology and society">Science, technology and society</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <a href="/wiki/Social_anthropology" title="Social anthropology">Social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_anthropology" title="Cultural anthropology">cultural anthropology</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anthropology" title="Category:Anthropology">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#efefef;"><a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Queue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Queue.svg/100px-Queue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Queue.svg/150px-Queue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Queue.svg/200px-Queue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border:none;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anthropology" title="Outline of anthropology">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anthropology" title="History of anthropology">History</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.75em;padding-right:0.75em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_anthropology" title="Biological anthropology">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_anthropology" title="Cultural anthropology">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_anthropology" title="Linguistic anthropology">Linguistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anthropology" title="Social anthropology">Social</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeological</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_archaeology" title="Aerial archaeology">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_archaeology" title="Aviation archaeology">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battlefield_archaeology" title="Battlefield archaeology">Battlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_archaeology" title="Biblical archaeology">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioarchaeology" title="Bioarchaeology">Bioarchaeological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_archaeology" title="Environmental archaeology">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnoarchaeology" title="Ethnoarchaeology">Ethnoarchaeological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_archaeology" title="Experimental archaeology">Experiential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_archaeology" title="Feminist archaeology">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_anthropology" title="Forensic anthropology">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_archaeology" title="Maritime archaeology">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoethnobotany" title="Paleoethnobotany">Paleoethnobotanical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zooarchaeology" title="Zooarchaeology">Zooarchaeological</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Biological_anthropology" title="Biological anthropology">Biological</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthrozoology" title="Anthrozoology">Anthrozoological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biocultural_anthropology" title="Biocultural anthropology">Biocultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_anthropology" title="Evolutionary anthropology">Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_anthropology" title="Forensic anthropology">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_anthropology" title="Molecular anthropology">Molecular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroanthropology" title="Neuroanthropology"> Neurological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutritional_anthropology" title="Nutritional anthropology">Nutritional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoanthropology" title="Paleoanthropology">Paleoanthropological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primatology" title="Primatology">Primatological</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_anthropology" title="Social anthropology">Social</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_anthropology" title="Cultural anthropology">Cultural</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applied_anthropology" title="Applied anthropology">Applied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_art" title="Anthropology of art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_anthropology" title="Cognitive anthropology">Cognitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_anthropology" title="Cyborg anthropology">Cyborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_development" title="Anthropology of development">Development</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_anthropology" title="Ecological anthropology">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_anthropology" title="Environmental anthropology">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_anthropology" title="Economic anthropology">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_economy_in_anthropology" title="Political economy in anthropology"><span class="wrap">Political economy</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_anthropology" title="Feminist anthropology">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_food" title="Anthropology of food">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnohistory" title="Ethnohistory">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_institutions" title="Anthropology of institutions">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship">Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_anthropology" title="Legal anthropology">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_media" title="Anthropology of media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_anthropology" title="Medical anthropology">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomuseology" title="Ethnomuseology">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicology" title="Ethnomusicology">Musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_anthropology" title="Political anthropology">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_anthropology" title="Psychological anthropology">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_anthropology" title="Public anthropology">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_religion" title="Anthropology of religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolic_anthropology" title="Symbolic anthropology">Symbolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transpersonal_anthropology" class="mw-redirect" title="Transpersonal anthropology">Transpersonal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_anthropology" title="Urban anthropology">Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_anthropology" title="Visual anthropology">Visual</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_anthropology" title="Linguistic anthropology">Linguistic</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropological_linguistics" title="Anthropological linguistics">Anthropological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_description" title="Linguistic description">Descriptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnolinguistics" title="Ethnolinguistics">Ethnological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopoetics" title="Ethnopoetics">Ethnopoetical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_linguistics" title="Historical linguistics">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_ideology" title="Language ideology">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiotic_anthropology" title="Semiotic anthropology">Semiotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociolinguistics" title="Sociolinguistics">Sociological</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_anthropology#Methods" title="Cultural anthropology">Research framework</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropometry" title="Anthropometry">Anthropometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">Ethnography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-ethnography" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber-ethnography">cyber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnology" title="Ethnology">Ethnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_cross-cultural_sample" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard cross-cultural sample">Cross-cultural comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participant_observation" title="Participant observation">Participant observation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holism_in_science" title="Holism in science">Holism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflexivity_(social_theory)" title="Reflexivity (social theory)">Reflexivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thick_description" title="Thick description">Thick description</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_relativism" title="Cultural relativism">Cultural relativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocentrism" title="Ethnocentrism">Ethnocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emic_and_etic" title="Emic and etic">Emic and etic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Key concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_anthropology" title="Development anthropology">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">Evolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sociocultural_evolution" title="Sociocultural evolution">sociocultural</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship">Kinship and descent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meme" title="Meme">Meme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)" title="Race (human categorization)">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropological_theories_of_value" title="Anthropological theories of value">Value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">Colonialism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Postcolonialism" title="Postcolonialism">Postcolonialism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Key theories</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actor%E2%80%93network_theory" title="Actor–network theory">Actor–network theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_theory" title="Alliance theory">Alliance theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-cultural_studies" title="Cross-cultural studies">Cross-cultural studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_materialism_(anthropology)" title="Cultural materialism (anthropology)">Cultural materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_theory" title="Culture theory">Culture theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-cultural_diffusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-cultural diffusion">Diffusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_anthropology" title="Feminist anthropology">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_particularism" title="Historical particularism">Historical particularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boasian_anthropology" title="Boasian anthropology">Boasian anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_functionalism" title="Structural functionalism">Functionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolic_anthropology" title="Symbolic anthropology">Interpretive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_studies" title="Performance studies">Performance studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_economy_in_anthropology" title="Political economy in anthropology">Political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practice_theory" title="Practice theory">Practice theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_anthropology" title="Structural anthropology">Structuralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-structuralism" title="Post-structuralism">Post-structuralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_theory_in_anthropology" title="Systems theory in anthropology">Systems theory</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anthropologists_by_nationality" title="Category:Anthropologists by nationality">Anthropologists by nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_anthropology" title="List of years in anthropology">Anthropology by year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_anthropology" title="Bibliography of anthropology">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anthropology_journals" title="List of anthropology journals">Journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_indigenous_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of indigenous peoples">List of indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anthropology_organizations" title="Category:Anthropology organizations">Organizations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anthropology" title="Template:Anthropology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anthropology" title="Template talk:Anthropology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anthropology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anthropology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Digital anthropology</b> is the anthropological study of the relationship between humans and digital-era technology. The field is new, and thus has a variety of names with a variety of emphases. These include techno-anthropology,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> digital ethnography, cyberanthropology,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and virtual anthropology.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_and_scope">Definition and scope</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_anthropology&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition and scope"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most anthropologists who use the phrase "digital anthropology" are specifically referring to online and Internet technology. The study of humans' relationship to a broader range of technology may fall under other subfields of anthropological study, such as <a href="/wiki/Cyborg_anthropology" title="Cyborg anthropology">cyborg anthropology</a>. </p><p>The Digital Anthropology Group (DANG) is classified as an interest group in the <a href="/wiki/American_Anthropological_Association" title="American Anthropological Association">American Anthropological Association</a>. DANG's mission includes promoting the use of digital technology as a tool of anthropological research, encouraging anthropologists to share research using digital platforms, and outlining ways for anthropologists to study digital communities. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cyberspace" title="Cyberspace">Cyberspace</a> or the "virtual world" itself can serve as a "field" site for anthropologists, allowing the observation, analysis, and interpretation of the sociocultural phenomena springing up and taking place in any interactive space. </p><p>National and transnational communities, enabled by digital technology, establish a set of social norms, practices, traditions, storied history and associated <a href="/wiki/Collective_memory" title="Collective memory">collective memory</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> migration periods, internal and external conflicts, potentially subconscious language features<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Meme" title="Meme">memetic</a> dialects comparable to those of traditional, geographically confined communities. This includes the various communities built around <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a>, online platforms such as Facebook, Twitter/X, Instagram, <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a> and their respective sub-sites, and politically motivated groups like <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous (group)">Anonymous</a>, <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of academic anthropologists have conducted traditional ethnographies of virtual worlds, such as <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Nardi" title="Bonnie Nardi">Bonnie Nardi</a>'s study of <a href="/wiki/World_of_Warcraft" title="World of Warcraft">World of Warcraft</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Tom_Boellstorff" title="Tom Boellstorff">Tom Boellstorff</a>'s study of <a href="/wiki/Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Academic <a href="/wiki/Gabriella_Coleman" title="Gabriella Coleman">Gabriella Coleman</a> has done ethnographic work on the <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> software community<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Anonymous <a href="/wiki/Hacktivist" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacktivist">hacktivist</a> network.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Theorist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Mauro-Flude&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy Mauro-Flude (page does not exist)">Nancy Mauro-Flude</a> conducts ethnographic field work on computing arts and computer subcultures such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Systerserver.net&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systerserver.net (page does not exist)">systerserver.net</a> a part of the communities of feminist web servers<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Feminist" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist">Feminist</a> Internet network.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eitan Y. Wilf<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> examines the intersection of artists' creativity and digital technology and artificial intelligence.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irh.wisc.edu/staff/zhou-yongming-2/">Yongming Zhou</a> studied how in China the internet is used to participate in politics.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://columbia.academia.edu/EveZucker">Eve M. Zucker</a> and colleagues study the shift to digital memorialization of mass atrocities and the emergent role of artificial intelligence in these processes.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://faculty.sites.uci.edu/vbernal/">Victoria Bernal</a> conducted ethnographic research on the themes of nationalism and citizenship among Eritreans participating in online political engagement with their homeland.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthropological research can help designers adapt and improve technology. Australian anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Genevieve_Bell" title="Genevieve Bell">Genevieve Bell</a> did extensive user experience research at Intel that informed the company's approach to its technology, users, and market.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methodology">Methodology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_anthropology&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Methodology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_fieldwork">Digital fieldwork</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_anthropology&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Digital fieldwork"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many digital anthropologists who study online communities use traditional methods of anthropological research. They <a href="/wiki/Participant_observation" title="Participant observation">participate</a> in online communities in order to learn about their customs and worldviews, and back their observations with private interviews, historical research, and quantitative data. Their product is an ethnography, a qualitative description of their experience and analyses. </p><p>Other anthropologists and social scientists have conducted research that emphasizes data gathered by websites and servers. However, academics often have trouble accessing user data on the same scale as social media corporations like <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Facebook</a> and data mining companies like <a href="/wiki/LiveRamp" title="LiveRamp">Acxiom</a>. </p><p>In terms of method, there is a disagreement in whether it is possible to conduct research exclusively online or if research will only be complete when the subjects are studied holistically, both online and offline. <a href="/wiki/Tom_Boellstorff" title="Tom Boellstorff">Tom Boellstorff</a>, who conducted a three-year research as an avatar in the virtual world <a href="/wiki/Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a>, defends the first approach, stating that it is not just possible, but necessary to engage with subjects “in their own terms”.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others, such as <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Miller_(anthropologist)" title="Daniel Miller (anthropologist)">Daniel Miller</a>, have argued that an ethnographic research should not exclude learning about the subject's life outside the internet.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_technology_as_a_tool_of_anthropology">Digital technology as a tool of anthropology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_anthropology&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Digital technology as a tool of anthropology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Anthropological_Association" title="American Anthropological Association">American Anthropological Association</a> offers an online guide for students using digital technology to store and share data. Data can be uploaded to digital databases to be stored, shared, and interpreted. Text and numerical analysis software can help produce <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a>, while a <a href="/wiki/Codebook" title="Codebook">codebook</a> may help organize data. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethics">Ethics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_anthropology&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ethics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Online fieldwork offers new ethical challenges. According to the <a href="/wiki/American_Anthropological_Association" title="American Anthropological Association">American Anthropological Association</a>'s ethics guidelines, anthropologists researching a community must make sure that all members of that community know they are being studied and have access to data the anthropologist produces. However, many online communities' interactions are publicly available for anyone to read, and may be preserved online for years. Digital anthropologists debate the extent to which <a href="/wiki/Lurker" title="Lurker">lurking</a> in online communities and sifting through public archives is ethical.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Association also asserts that anthropologists' ability to collect and store data at all is "a privilege", and researchers have an ethical duty to store digital data responsibly. This means protecting the identity of participants, sharing data with other anthropologists, and making backup copies of all data.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prominent_figures">Prominent figures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_anthropology&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Prominent figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve_Bell" title="Genevieve Bell">Genevieve Bell</a> is an Australian cultural anthropologist credited for pioneering the User Experience field. During her time working for Intel Corporation, Bell studied how various cultures from around the world interacted with and experienced technology. Researching and improving user experience allows companies and designers to gather data regarding how users utilize their digital products and what requires improvement or expansion.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Boellstorff" title="Tom Boellstorff">Tom Boellstorff</a> is an anthropologist known for <i>Coming of Age in Second Life: An Anthropologist Explores the Virtually Human</i> where he conducted research on how engaging in virtual worlds affects the player’s sense of self.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriella_Coleman" title="Gabriella Coleman">Gabriella Coleman</a> is an American anthropologist concerned with the politics, ethics, and culture of hacking and online activism. Coleman’s most notable ethnography features the hacktivist collective Anonymous, where she argues that various genres of hacking exist according to the social conditions at play. Coleman is dedicated to making her ethnography accessible to a diverse audience, including academics and non-academics.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_E._Forsythe" title="Diana E. Forsythe">Diana E. Forsythe</a> was an American anthropologist of science and technology and the author of the essays featured in <i>Studying Those Who Study Us: An Anthropologist in the World of Artificial Intelligence</i>. She asked relevant questions such as how should humans interact with computers and how gender roles are maintained in technology-oriented occupations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Horst" title="Heather Horst">Heather Horst</a> is a sociocultural anthropologist interested in the relationship between digital social relations and material culture.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizuko_Ito" title="Mizuko Ito">Mizuko Ito</a> is a Japanese cultural anthropologist specializing in technology use and the intersection between computers and the social sciences. Her primary interest is in how young people utilize media technology and how it can be used to engage students in education.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Miller_(anthropologist)" title="Daniel Miller (anthropologist)">Daniel Miller</a> is an anthropologist with a concentration in digital anthropology. His research includes the smartphone and perpetual opportunism, the intent and consequences of posting on social media in various geographical locations, and how hospice patients use media to socialize in the last stage of their lives.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Wesch" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Wesch">Mike Wesch</a> is a cultural anthropologist interested in how people share their lives, cultures, and beliefs through digital media.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_anthropology&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_the_Internet" title="Sociology of the Internet">Sociology of the Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_important_publications_in_anthropology" class="mw-redirect" title="List of important publications in anthropology">List of important publications in anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_sociology" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital sociology">Digital sociology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_anthropology&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_anthropology&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studyguide.aau.dk/programmes/postgraduate/53203/">"Techno-Anthropology course guide"</a>. 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Verso Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hacker%2C+hoaxer%2C+whistleblower%2C+spy%3A+The+many+faces+of+Anonymous&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fashkanyeganeh.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F03%2Fhacker-hoaxer-whistleblower-spy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+anthropology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMauro-Flude2022" class="citation journal cs1">Mauro-Flude, Nancy (2022). "A feminist server stack". <i>Codesign</i>. <b>18</b> (1): 48–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15710882.2021.2021243">10.1080/15710882.2021.2021243</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1571-0882">1571-0882</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245719879">245719879</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Codesign&rft.atitle=A+feminist+server+stack&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=48-62&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A245719879%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1571-0882&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15710882.2021.2021243&rft.aulast=Mauro-Flude&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+anthropology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMauro-Flude2021" class="citation journal cs1">Mauro-Flude, Nancy (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10304312.2021.1983260">"Chthonian Feminist Internet Theory for the twenty first century"</a>. <i>Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies</i>. <b>35</b> (1): 788–804. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10304312.2021.1983260">10.1080/10304312.2021.1983260</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1469-3666">1469-3666</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244577481">244577481</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Continuum%3A+Journal+of+Media+and+Cultural+Studies&rft.atitle=Chthonian+Feminist+Internet+Theory+for+the+twenty+first+century&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=788-804&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244577481%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1469-3666&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10304312.2021.1983260&rft.aulast=Mauro-Flude&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F10304312.2021.1983260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+anthropology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.sociology.huji.ac.il/people/eitan-wilf-0">"Prof. Eitan Wilf"</a>. The Department of Sociology and Anthropology. <i>The Hebrew University of Jerusalem</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hebrew+University+of+Jerusalem&rft.atitle=Prof.+Eitan+Wilf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.sociology.huji.ac.il%2Fpeople%2Feitan-wilf-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+anthropology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilf" class="citation book cs1">Wilf, Eitan Y. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/I/bo204347675.html"><i>The Inspiration Machine: Computational Creativity in Poetry and Jazz</i></a>. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Inspiration+Machine%3A+Computational+Creativity+in+Poetry+and+Jazz&rft.place=Chicago%2C+IL&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.aulast=Wilf&rft.aufirst=Eitan+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.uchicago.edu%2Fucp%2Fbooks%2Fbook%2Fchicago%2FI%2Fbo204347675.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+anthropology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhou2006" class="citation book cs1">Zhou, Yongming (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=8006"><i>Historicizing Online Politics: Telegraphy, the Internet, and Political Participation in China</i></a>. Stanford: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5127-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5127-8"><bdi>978-0-8047-5127-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historicizing+Online+Politics%3A+Telegraphy%2C+the+Internet%2C+and+Political+Participation+in+China&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-5127-8&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=Yongming&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sup.org%2Fbooks%2Ftitle%2F%3Fid%3D8006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+anthropology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMakhortykhZuckerSimonBultmann2023" class="citation journal cs1">Makhortykh, Mykola; Zucker, Eve M.; Simon, David J.; Bultmann, Daniel; Ulloa, Roberto (2023-07-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-023-00072-6">"Shall androids dream of genocides? How generative AI can change the future of memorialization of mass atrocities"</a>. <i>Discover Artificial Intelligence</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 28. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.14358">2305.14358</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs44163-023-00072-6">10.1007/s44163-023-00072-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2731-0809">2731-0809</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Discover+Artificial+Intelligence&rft.atitle=Shall+androids+dream+of+genocides%3F+How+generative+AI+can+change+the+future+of+memorialization+of+mass+atrocities&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=28&rft.date=2023-07-18&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2305.14358&rft.issn=2731-0809&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs44163-023-00072-6&rft.aulast=Makhortykh&rft.aufirst=Mykola&rft.au=Zucker%2C+Eve+M.&rft.au=Simon%2C+David+J.&rft.au=Bultmann%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Ulloa%2C+Roberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs44163-023-00072-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+anthropology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernal" class="citation book cs1">Bernal, Victoria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/N/bo18221277.html"><i>Nation as Network: Diaspora, Cyberspace, and Citizenship</i></a>. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nation+as+Network%3A+Diaspora%2C+Cyberspace%2C+and+Citizenship&rft.place=Chicago%2C+IL&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.aulast=Bernal&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.uchicago.edu%2Fucp%2Fbooks%2Fbook%2Fchicago%2FN%2Fbo18221277.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+anthropology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2010/09/20/technology/intel_anthropologist.fortune/index.htm">"Intel's cultural anthropologist"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intel%27s+cultural+anthropologist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2010%2F09%2F20%2Ftechnology%2Fintel_anthropologist.fortune%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+anthropology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoellstorff2015" class="citation book cs1">Boellstorff, Tom (2015-12-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400874101"><i>Coming of Age in Second Life</i></a>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9781400874101">10.1515/9781400874101</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-7410-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-7410-1"><bdi>978-1-4008-7410-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coming+of+Age+in+Second+Life&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015-12-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9781400874101&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-7410-1&rft.aulast=Boellstorff&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1515%2F9781400874101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+anthropology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoellstorff2021" class="citation book cs1">Boellstorff, Tom (2021). <i>Digital Anthropology</i> (2nd ed.). California: Routledge. pp. 39–60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781350078840" title="Special:BookSources/9781350078840"><bdi>9781350078840</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digital+Anthropology&rft.place=California&rft.pages=39-60&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781350078840&rft.aulast=Boellstorff&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+anthropology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaris2014" class="citation journal cs1">Varis, Piia (2014). "Digital Ethnography". <i>Tilburg Papers in Cultural Studies</i>: 1–21 – via Tilburg University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tilburg+Papers+in+Cultural+Studies&rft.atitle=Digital+Ethnography&rft.pages=1-21&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Varis&rft.aufirst=Piia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+anthropology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americananthro.org/LearnAndTeach/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=20671&navItemNumber=20708">"Digital Data Management - Cultural Module - Learn and Teach"</a>. <i>www.americananthro.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.americananthro.org&rft.atitle=Digital+Data+Management+-+Cultural+Module+-+Learn+and+Teach&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americananthro.org%2FLearnAndTeach%2FContent.aspx%3FItemNumber%3D20671%26navItemNumber%3D20708&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+anthropology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_anthropology&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bernal, Victoria. 2014. <i>Nation as Network: Diaspora, Cyberspace, and Citizenship</i>. University of Chicago Press,</li> <li>Budka, Philipp and <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Kremser" title="Manfred Kremser">Manfred Kremser</a>. 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philbu.net/media-anthropology/Budka_Kremser_Cyberanthro.pdf">"CyberAnthropology—Anthropology of CyberCulture"</a>, in <i>Contemporary issues in socio-cultural anthropology: Perspectives and research activities from Austria</i> edited by S. Khittel, B. Plankensteiner and M. Six-Hohenbalken, pp. 213–226. Vienna: Loecker.</li> <li>Escobar, Arturo. 1994. "Welcome to Cyberia: notes on the anthropology of cyberculture." <i>Current Anthropology</i> 35(3): 211–231.</li> <li>Fabian, Johannes. 2002. Virtual archives and ethnographic writing: "Commentary" as a new genre? <i>Current Anthropology</i> 43(5): 775–786.</li> <li>Gershon, Ilana. 2010. <i>The Break-up 2.0: Disconnecting over new media</i>. Cornell University Press</li> <li>Ginsburg, Faye. 2008. Rethinking the Digital Age. In <i>The Media and Social Theory</i>. Edited by Desmond Hesmondhalgh and Jason Toynbee. New York: Routledge</li> <li>Hine, Christine. 2000. <i>Virtual ethnography</i>. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage.</li> <li>Horst, Heather and Daniel Miller. 2012. <i>Digital Anthropology.</i> London and New York: Berg</li> <li>Jarzombek, Mark (2016). <i>Digital Stockholm Syndrome in the Post-Ontological Age</i>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.</li> <li>Kremser, Manfred. 1999. CyberAnthropology und die neuen Räume des Wissens. <i>Mitteilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien</i> 129: 275–290.</li> <li>Ito, Mizuko, Sonja Baumer, Matteo Bittanti, danah boyd, Rachel Cody, Rebecca Herr-Stephenson, Heather A. Horst, Patricia G. Lange, Dilan Mahendran, Katynka Z. Martinez, C.J. Pascoe, Dan Perkel, Laura Robinson, Christo Sims and Lisa Tripp. (2010) Hanging Out, Messing Around, and Geeking Out: Kids Living and Learning with New Media. Cambridge: MIT Press.</li> <li>Paccagnella, Luciano. 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol3/issue1/paccagnella.html">Getting the seats of your pants dirty: Strategies for ethnographic research on virtual communities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130213232148/http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol3/issue1/paccagnella.html">Archived</a> 2013-02-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication</i> 3(1).</li> <li>Sugita, Shigeharu. 1987. "Computers in ethnological studies: As a tool and an object," in <i>Toward a computer ethnology: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium at the Japan National Museum of Ethnology</i> edited by Joseph Raben, Shigeharu Sugita, and Masatoshi Kubo, pp. 9–40. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology. (Senri Ethnological Studies 20)</li> <li>Wilf, Eitan Y. 2023. The Inspiration Machine: Computational creativity in poetry and jazz. University of Chicago Press.</li> <li>Wittel, Andreas. 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/1-00/1-00wittel-e.htm">Ethnography on the move: From field to net to Internet</a>. <i>Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research</i> 1(1).</li> <li>Zhou, Yongming. 2006. <i>Historicizing Online Politics: Telegraphy, the internet, and political participation in China.</i> Stanford University Press.</li> <li>Zucker, Eve M. and David J. Simon. 2020. <i>Mass Violence and Memory in the Digital Age: memorialization unmoored</i>. Palgrave-MacMillan.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_anthropology&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070628213024/http://web3.cas.usf.edu/main/depts/ANT/cma/">Computer Mediated Anthropology</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.fiu.edu/~mizrachs/CyberAnthropology.html">Cyber Studies WebRing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713160110/http://www2.fiu.edu/~mizrachs/CyberAnthropology.html">Archived</a> 2017-07-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/anthropology/research/centre-digital-anthropology">Centre for Digital Anthropology (University College London)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digital-ethnography.net">Digital Ethnography Research Centre (RMIT University, Melbourne)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://socialcomputing.uci.edu">Intel Science & Technology Centre (University of California, Irvine)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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of science">Sociology of the history of science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociotechnology" title="Sociotechnology">Sociotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_programme" title="Strong programme">Strong programme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_studies" title="Science studies">Science<br />studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiscience" title="Antiscience">Antiscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliometrics" title="Bibliometrics">Bibliometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boundary-work" title="Boundary-work">Boundary-work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consilience" title="Consilience">Consilience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_science" title="Criticism of science">Criticism of science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demarcation_problem" title="Demarcation problem">Demarcation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_hermeneutic" title="Double hermeneutic">Double hermeneutic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logology_(science)" title="Logology (science)">Logology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapping_controversies" title="Mapping controversies">Mapping controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metascience" title="Metascience">Metascience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradigm_shift" title="Paradigm shift">Paradigm shift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_swan_events" class="mw-redirect" title="Black swan events">black swan events</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_science" title="Psychology of science">Psychology of science</a></li> <li>Science <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_science" title="Citizen science">citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_communication" title="Science communication">communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_education" title="Science education">education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal_science" title="Normal science">normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-colonial_science" title="Neo-colonial science">Neo-colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-normal_science" title="Post-normal science">post-normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric_of_science" title="Rhetoric of science">rhetoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_wars" title="Science wars">wars</a></li></ul></li> <li>Scientific <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_community" title="Scientific community">community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_consensus" title="Scientific consensus">consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_controversy" title="Scientific controversy">controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_dissent" title="Scientific dissent">dissent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_enterprise" title="Scientific enterprise">enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_literacy" title="Scientific 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title="Women in science">Women in science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_STEM_fields" title="Women in STEM fields">STEM</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology<br />studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-production_(society)" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-production (society)">Co-production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_anthropology" title="Cyborg anthropology">Cyborg anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_studies" title="Design studies">Design studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dematerialization_(products)" title="Dematerialization (products)">Dematerialization</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Digital anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media_use_and_mental_health" title="Digital media use and mental 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href="/wiki/Leapfrogging" title="Leapfrogging">Leapfrogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normalization_process_theory" title="Normalization process theory">Normalization process theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_studies" title="Media studies">Media studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_salient" title="Reverse salient">Reverse salient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skunkworks_project" title="Skunkworks project">Skunkworks project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociotechnical_system" title="Sociotechnical system">Sociotechnical system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_change" title="Technical change">Technical change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technoscience" title="Technoscience">Technoscience</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_technoscience" title="Feminist technoscience">feminist</a></li></ul></li> <li>Technological <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technological_change" title="Technological 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