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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:UserLogin&returnto=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE" title="तपाईलाई प्रवेश गर्न सुझाव दिइन्छ ; तर यो जरुरी भने छैन [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>प्रवेश गर्नुहोस्</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="थप विकल्पहरू" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="व्यक्तिगत औजारहरू" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">व्यक्तिगत औजारहरू</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="प्रयोगकर्ता सुचीपत्र" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ne.wikipedia.org&uselang=ne"><span>दान गर्नुहोस्</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>योगदान गर्नुहोस्</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:CreateAccount&returnto=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE" title="तपाईलाई खाता बनाउन र प्रवेश गर्न हामी प्रोत्साहित गर्छौं; तथापि, यो अनिवार्य भने छैन।"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>खाता खोल्नुहोस्</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:UserLogin&returnto=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE" title="तपाईलाई प्रवेश गर्न सुझाव दिइन्छ ; तर यो जरुरी भने छैन [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>प्रवेश गर्नुहोस्</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> निर्गमन सम्पादकहरूका लागि पृष्ठहरू <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A4:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" aria-label="सम्पादन गर्ने बारे थप जान्नुहोस्"><span>थप जान्नुहोस्</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:MyTalk" title="यो IP ठेगानाबाट गरिएका सम्पादनका बारेमा बार्तालाप [n]" accesskey="n"><span>मेरो कुराहरू</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="साइट"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="विषयसूची" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">विषयसूची</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">बाँया खण्डमा सार्नुहोस्</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">लुकाउनुहोस्</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">सुरुवात</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-सन्दर्भ_सामग्रीहरू" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#सन्दर्भ_सामग्रीहरू"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">१</span> <span>सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-सन्दर्भ_सामग्रीहरू-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="विषयसूची" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="विषयसूची" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="सामग्रीको तालिका सक्षम गर्नुहोस्" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">सामग्रीको तालिका सक्षम गर्नुहोस्</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">प्राचीन रोम</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="१४४ भाषामा उपलब्ध छ। अर्को भाषाको लेखमा जानुहोस्।" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-144" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">१४४ भाषाहरू</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antieke_Rome" title="Antieke Rome – अफ्रिकान्स" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Antieke Rome" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="अफ्रिकान्स" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6misches_Reich" title="Römisches Reich – स्वीस जर्मन" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Römisches Reich" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="स्वीस जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%AE%E1%88%9C_%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%A5%E1%89%B5" title="የሮሜ መንግሥት – अम्हारिक" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የሮሜ መንግሥት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="अम्हारिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiga_Roma" title="Antiga Roma – अरागोनी" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Antiga Roma" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="अरागोनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="प्राचीन रोम सभ्यता – अङ्गिका" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="प्राचीन रोम सभ्यता" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="अङ्गिका" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9" title="روما القديمة – अरबी" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روما القديمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="अरबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AA%DC%97%DC%98%DC%A1%DC%90_%DC%A5%DC%AC%DC%9D%DC%A9%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܪܗܘܡܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ – अरामाइक" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܪܗܘܡܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="अरामाइक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9" title="روما لقديمة – मोरोक्कोली अरबी" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="روما لقديمة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="मोरोक्कोली अरबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%87" title="روما القديمه – इजिप्ट अरबी" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روما القديمه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="इजिप्ट अरबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_Roma" title="Antigua Roma – अस्टुरियाली" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Antigua Roma" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="अस्टुरियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99dim_Roma" title="Qədim Roma – अजरबैजानी" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qədim Roma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="अजरबैजानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="قدیم روم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قدیم روم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Боронғо Рим – बास्किर" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Боронғо Рим" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="बास्किर" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remisches_Reich" title="Remisches Reich – बाभारियाली" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Remisches Reich" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="बाभारियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Старажытны Рым – बेलारुसी" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Старажытны Рым" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="बेलारुसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Старажытны Рым – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Старажытны Рым" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Древен Рим – बुल्गेरियाली" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Древен Рим" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="बुल्गेरियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE" title="প্রাচীন রোম – बंगाली" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রাচীন রোম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="बंगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henroma" title="Henroma – ब्रेटन" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Henroma" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ब्रेटन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti%C4%8Dki_Rim" title="Antički Rim – बोस्नियाली" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Antički Rim" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="बोस्नियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiga_Roma" title="Antiga Roma – क्याटालन" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antiga Roma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="क्याटालन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%AB_L%C3%B2%CC%A4-m%C4%81" title="Gū Lò̤-mā – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gū Lò̤-mā" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaang_Roma" title="Karaang Roma – सेबुआनो" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Karaang Roma" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="सेबुआनो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%86" title="ڕۆمای کۆن – मध्यवर्ती कुर्दिस" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆمای کۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="मध्यवर्ती कुर्दिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_antica" title="Roma antica – कोर्सिकन" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Roma antica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="कोर्सिकन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starov%C4%9Bk%C3%BD_%C5%98%C3%ADm" title="Starověký Řím – चेक" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Starověký Řím" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="चेक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Авалхи Рим – चुभास" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Авалхи Рим" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="चुभास" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhufain_hynafol" title="Rhufain hynafol – वेल्श" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhufain hynafol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="वेल्श" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romerriget" title="Romerriget – डेनिस" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Romerriget" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="डेनिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6misches_Reich" title="Römisches Reich – जर्मन" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Römisches Reich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_Antike" title="Roma Antike – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Roma Antike" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="प्रमुख लेख"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A1%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B7" title="Αρχαία Ρώμη – ग्रीक" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχαία Ρώμη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ग्रीक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome – अङ्ग्रेजी" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ancient Rome" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="अङ्ग्रेजी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romio" title="Romio – एस्पेरान्तो" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Romio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="एस्पेरान्तो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_Roma" title="Antigua Roma – स्पेनी" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antigua Roma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="स्पेनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooma_riik" title="Rooma riik – इस्टोनियन" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rooma riik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="इस्टोनियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="उत्कृष्ट लेखहरू"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antzinako_Erroma" title="Antzinako Erroma – बास्क" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Antzinako Erroma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="बास्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="روم باستان – फारसी" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روم باستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="फारसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooman_valtakunta" title="Rooman valtakunta – फिनिस" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rooman valtakunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="फिनिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vana-Rooma" title="Vana-Rooma – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vana-Rooma" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="उत्कृष्ट लेखहरू"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome_antique" title="Rome antique – फ्रान्सेली" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rome antique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="फ्रान्सेली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6%C3%B6msk_Rik" title="Röömsk Rik – उत्तरी फ्रिजी" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Röömsk Rik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="उत्तरी फ्रिजी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome_antighe" title="Rome antighe – फ्रिउलियाली" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Rome antighe" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="फ्रिउलियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSean-R%C3%B3imh" title="An tSean-Róimh – आइरिस" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSean-Róimh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="आइरिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom_antik" title="Rom antik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Rom antik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_antiga" title="Roma antiga – गलिसियाली" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Roma antiga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="गलिसियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rr%C3%B3ma_Ymaguare" title="Rróma Ymaguare – गुवारानी" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rróma Ymaguare" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="गुवारानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romawa_na_Da" title="Romawa na Da – हाउसा" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Romawa na Da" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="हाउसा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BA_L%C3%B2-m%C3%A2" title="Kú Lò-mâ – हक्का चिनियाँ" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kú Lò-mâ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="हक्का चिनियाँ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="רומא העתיקה – हिब्रु" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רומא העתיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="हिब्रु" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE" title="प्राचीन रोम – हिन्दी" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्राचीन रोम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="हिन्दी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti%C4%8Dki_Rim" title="Antički Rim – क्रोयसियाली" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Antički Rim" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="क्रोयसियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B2m_ansyen" title="Wòm ansyen – हैटियाली क्रियोल" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Wòm ansyen" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="हैटियाली क्रियोल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93kori_R%C3%B3ma" title="Ókori Róma – हङ्गेरियाली" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ókori Róma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="हङ्गेरियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B4" title="Հին Հռոմ – आर्मेनियाली" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հին Հռոմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="आर्मेनियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_antique" title="Roma antique – इन्टर्लिङ्गुआ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Roma antique" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="इन्टर्लिङ्गुआ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romawi_Kuno" title="Romawi Kuno – इन्डोनेसियाली" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Romawi Kuno" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="इन्डोनेसियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancian_Roma" title="Ancian Roma – इन्टरलिङ्ग्वे" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Ancian Roma" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="इन्टरलिङ्ग्वे" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiqua_Roma" title="Antiqua Roma – इडो" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Antiqua Roma" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="इडो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="उत्कृष्ट लेखहरू"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3maveldi" title="Rómaveldi – आइसल्यान्डियाली" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rómaveldi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="आइसल्यान्डियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilt%C3%A0_romana" title="Civiltà romana – इटालेली" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Civiltà romana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="इटालेली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E" title="古代ローマ – जापानी" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="古代ローマ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="जापानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ienshent_Ruom" title="Ienshent Ruom – जमैकाली क्रेओले अङ्ग्रेजी" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ienshent Ruom" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="जमैकाली क्रेओले अङ्ग्रेजी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ძველი რომი – जर्जियाली" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძველი რომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="जर्जियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%A9b%C9%A9njaaz%C9%A9_Room" title="Kɩbɩnjaazɩ Room – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kɩbɩnjaazɩ Room" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom_gbangbang" title="Rom gbangbang – टुआप" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Rom gbangbang" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="टुआप" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Ежелгі Рим – काजाख" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ежелгі Рим" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="काजाख" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E" title="ទីក្រុងរ៉ូមបុរាណ – खमेर" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទីក្រុងរ៉ូមបុរាណ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="खमेर" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="प्रमुख लेख"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88" title="고대 로마 – कोरियाली" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고대 로마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="कोरियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Важ Рим – कोमी-पर्म्याक" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Важ Рим" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="कोमी-पर्म्याक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaya_kevnare" title="Romaya kevnare – कुर्दी" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Romaya kevnare" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="कुर्दी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Важ Рим – कोमी" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Важ Рим" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="कोमी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Байыркы Рим – किर्गिज" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Байыркы Рим" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="किर्गिज" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_antiqui" title="Romani antiqui – ल्याटिन" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Romani antiqui" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ल्याटिन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="प्रमुख लेख"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_antica" title="Roma antica – लिङ्गुवा फ्राङ्का नोभा" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Roma antica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="लिङ्गुवा फ्राङ्का नोभा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia_romana" title="Storia romana – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Storia romana" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senov%C4%97s_Roma" title="Senovės Roma – लिथुआनियाली" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Senovės Roma" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="लिथुआनियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen%C4%81_Roma" title="Senā Roma – लात्भियाली" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Senā Roma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="लात्भियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B4ma_Taloha" title="Rôma Taloha – मलागासी" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rôma Taloha" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="मलागासी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romawi_Kuno" title="Romawi Kuno – मिनाङकाबाउ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Romawi Kuno" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="मिनाङकाबाउ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Стар Рим – म्यासेडोनियन" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Стар Рим" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="म्यासेडोनियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രാചീന റോം – मलयालम" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രാചീന റോം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="मलयालम" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Эртний Ром – मङ्गोलियाली" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эртний Ром" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="मङ्गोलियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%84_%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯑꯂꯤꯄ ꯔꯣꯝ – मनिपुरी" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯂꯤꯄ ꯔꯣꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="मनिपुरी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE" title="प्राचीन रोम – मराठी" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्राचीन रोम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="मराठी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom_kuno" title="Rom kuno – मलाय" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rom kuno" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="मलाय" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_Antiga" title="Roma Antiga – मिरान्डी" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Roma Antiga" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="मिरान्डी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6%C3%B6msch_Riek" title="Röömsch Riek – तल्लो जर्मन" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Röömsch Riek" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="तल्लो जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE" title="प्राचीन रोम – नेवारी" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="प्राचीन रोम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="नेवारी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oude_Rome" title="Oude Rome – डच" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oude Rome" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="डच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_i_antikken" title="Roma i antikken – नर्वेली नाइनोर्स्क" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Roma i antikken" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="नर्वेली नाइनोर्स्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romerriket" title="Romerriket – नर्वेली बोकमाल" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Romerriket" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="नर्वेली बोकमाल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_ya_kgale" title="Roma ya kgale – उत्तरी सोथो" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Roma ya kgale" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="उत्तरी सोथो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_dine%CA%BC%C3%A9" title="Roman dineʼé – नाभाजो" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Roman dineʼé" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="नाभाजो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_antica" title="Roma antica – अक्सिटन" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Roma antica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="अक्सिटन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE" title="ਪ੍ਰਾਚੀਨ ਰੋਮ – पंजाबी" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰਾਚੀਨ ਰੋਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="पंजाबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_antiguo" title="Roma antiguo – पापियामेन्तो" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Roma antiguo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="पापियामेन्तो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome_antike" title="Rome antike – पिकार्ड" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Rome antike" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="पिकार्ड" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altes_Rom" title="Altes Rom – पेन्सिलभानियाली जर्मन" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Altes Rom" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="पेन्सिलभानियाली जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staro%C5%BCytny_Rzym" title="Starożytny Rzym – पोलिस" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Starożytny Rzym" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="पोलिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilt%C3%A0_roman-a" title="Siviltà roman-a – पिएडमोन्तेसे" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Siviltà roman-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="पिएडमोन्तेसे" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="پرانا روم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پرانا روم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="उत्कृष्ट लेखहरू"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_Antiga" title="Roma Antiga – पोर्तुगी" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Roma Antiga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="पोर्तुगी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperi_roman" title="Imperi roman – रोमानिस" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Imperi roman" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="रोमानिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_Antic%C4%83" title="Roma Antică – रोमानियाली" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Roma Antică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="रोमानियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Древний Рим – रसियाली" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Древний Рим" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="रसियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Старовікый Рим – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Старовікый Рим" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tziviltade_romana" title="Tziviltade romana – सार्डिनियाली" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tziviltade romana" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="सार्डिनियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antica_Roma" title="Antica Roma – सिसिलियाली" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Antica Roma" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="सिसिलियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%B3%D8%A7%D9%BD%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="آڳاٽو روم – सिन्धी" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آڳاٽو روم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="सिन्धी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti%C4%8Dki_Rim" title="Antički Rim – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antički Rim" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="उत्कृष्ट लेखहरू"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA" title="පුරාතන රෝමය – सिन्हाली" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පුරාතන රෝමය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="सिन्हाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ancient Rome" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starovek%C3%BD_R%C3%ADm" title="Staroveký Rím – स्लोभाकियाली" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Staroveký Rím" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="स्लोभाकियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="سلطنت روما – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="سلطنت روما" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starorimska_civilizacija" title="Starorimska civilizacija – स्लोभेनियाली" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Starorimska civilizacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="स्लोभेनियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooma_v%C3%A4ldikodde" title="Rooma väldikodde – इनारी सामी" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Rooma väldikodde" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="इनारी सामी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="प्रमुख लेख"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_e_lasht%C3%AB" title="Roma e lashtë – अल्बानियाली" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Roma e lashtë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="अल्बानियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Стари Рим – सर्बियाली" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стари Рим" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="सर्बियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romerska_riket" title="Romerska riket – स्विडिस" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Romerska riket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="स्विडिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_ya_Kale" title="Roma ya Kale – स्वाहिली" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Roma ya Kale" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="स्वाहिली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staro%C5%BCytny_Rzim" title="Starożytny Rzim – सिलेसियाली" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Starożytny Rzim" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="सिलेसियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="பண்டைய உரோமை – तामिल" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பண்டைய உரோமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="तामिल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Руми Бостон – ताजिक" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Руми Бостон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ताजिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" title="โรมโบราณ – थाई" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โรมโบราณ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="थाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinaunang_Roma" title="Sinaunang Roma – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sinaunang Roma" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C9%99_Imperij%C9%99" title="Romə Imperijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Romə Imperijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antik_Roma" title="Antik Roma – टर्किश" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Antik Roma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="टर्किश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="उत्कृष्ट लेखहरू"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Борынгы Рим – तातार" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Борынгы Рим" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="तातार" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Вашкала Рим – उड्मुर्ट" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Вашкала Рим" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="उड्मुर्ट" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Стародавній Рим – युक्रेनी" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стародавній Рим" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="युक्रेनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="قدیم روم – उर्दु" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قدیم روم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="उर्दु" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadimgi_Rim" title="Qadimgi Rim – उज्बेकी" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qadimgi Rim" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="उज्बेकी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_M%C3%A3_c%E1%BB%95_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i" title="La Mã cổ đại – भियतनामी" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="La Mã cổ đại" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="भियतनामी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadton_Roma" title="Hadton Roma – वारे" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hadton Roma" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="वारे" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="古罗马 – ऊ चिनियाँ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="古罗马" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ऊ चिनियाँ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ჯვეში რომი – मिनग्रेलियाली" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯვეში რომი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="मिनग्रेलियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%98_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אוראלט רוים – यिद्दिस" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אוראלט רוים" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="यिद्दिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3m%C3%B9_Ay%C3%A9ij%E1%BB%8D%CC%81un" title="Rómù Ayéijọ́un – योरूवा" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rómù Ayéijọ́un" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="योरूवा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="古罗马 – चिनियाँ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="古罗马" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="चिनियाँ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" title="古羅馬 – साहित्यिक चिनियाँ" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="古羅馬" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="साहित्यिक चिनियाँ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3%CD%98-t%C4%81i_L%C3%B4-m%C3%A1" title="Kó͘-tāi Lô-má – मिन नान चिनियाँ" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kó͘-tāi Lô-má" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="मिन नान चिनियाँ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" title="古羅馬 – क्यान्टोनिज" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="古羅馬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="क्यान्टोनिज" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhomani" title="Rhomani – जुलु" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Rhomani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="जुलु" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1747689#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="अन्तरभाषिक सूत्र सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्" class="wbc-editpage">कडीहरू सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="नामपद"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE" title="सामग्री पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस् [c]" accesskey="c"><span>लेख</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE" rel="discussion" title="सामग्री पृष्ठबारेमा छलफल [t]" accesskey="t"><span>वार्तालाप</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" 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href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE"><span>पढ्नुहोस्</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE&action=edit" title="यस पृष्ठको स्रोत कोड सम्पादन गर्नुहोस् [e]" accesskey="e"><span>सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE&action=history" title="यस पृष्ठा पहिलेका पुनरावलोकनहरू [h]" accesskey="h"><span>इतिहास हेर्नुहोस्</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="पृष्ठ उपकरणहरू"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="औजारबट्टा" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">औजारबट्टा</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">उपकरणहरू</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">बाँया खण्डमा सार्नुहोस्</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">लुकाउनुहोस्</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="थप विकल्पहरू" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> कार्यहरू </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE"><span>पढ्नुहोस्</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE&action=edit" title="यस पृष्ठको स्रोत कोड सम्पादन गर्नुहोस् [e]" accesskey="e"><span>सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE&action=history"><span>इतिहास हेर्नुहोस्</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> साधारण </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:WhatLinksHere/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE" title="यो सँग जोडिएका सबै विकि पृष्ठहरूको सूची [j]" accesskey="j"><span>यहाँ के 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:CiteThisPage&page=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE&id=1145341&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="यस पृष्ठको जानकारी उद्धृत गर्न निमित्त जानकारी"><span>लेख उद्दरण गर्नुहोस्</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fne.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25A8_%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25AE"><span>छोटो युआरएल प्राप्त गर्नुहोस्</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fne.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25A8_%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25AE"><span>क्युआर कोड डाउनलोड गर्नुहोस्</span></a></li><li id="t-shorturl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//ne.wikipedia.org/s/2s06" title="साझा गर्नका लागि छोटो लिङ्क कपी गर्नुहोस"><span>छोटो युआरयल</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> छाप्नुहोस्/निर्यात गर्नुहोस् </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE"><span>पुस्तक बनाउनुहोस्</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE&action=show-download-screen"><span>पिडिएफको रूपमा डाउनलोड गर्नुस</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE&printable=yes" title="यो पृष्ठको मुद्रण योग्य संस्करण [p]" accesskey="p"><span>छाप्नमिल्ने संस्करण</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> अन्य परियोजनाहरू </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ancient_Rome" hreflang="en"><span>विकिमिडिया कमन्स</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1747689" title="जडान गरिएको डाटा भण्डार सामग्रका लागि सूत्र [g]" accesskey="g"><span>विकिडाटा सामग्री</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="पृष्ठ उपकरणहरू"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="स्वरूप"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">स्वरूप</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">बाँया खण्डमा सार्नुहोस्</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">लुकाउनुहोस्</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">विकिपिडिया, एक स्वतन्त्र विश्वकोशबाट</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ne" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238776">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1095697">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">प्राचीन रोम</div><div class="ib-country-names"><i>Roma</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">७५३ ईपू–४७६ ई</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Roman_Republic_Empire_map.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="रोमन सभ्यताका क्षेत्रहरू:   रोमन गणतन्त्र   रोमन साम्राज्य   पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य   पूर्वी रोमन साम्राज्य"><img alt="रोमन सभ्यताका क्षेत्रहरू:   रोमन गणतन्त्र   रोमन साम्राज्य   पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य   पूर्वी रोमन साम्राज्य" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roman_Republic_Empire_map.gif/250px-Roman_Republic_Empire_map.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roman_Republic_Empire_map.gif/375px-Roman_Republic_Empire_map.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roman_Republic_Empire_map.gif/500px-Roman_Republic_Empire_map.gif 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="595" /></a></span><div style="position:relative;top:0.3em;">रोमन सभ्यताका क्षेत्रहरू: <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #a64; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रोमन गणतन्त्र">रोमन गणतन्त्र</a></div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #a6a; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="रोमन साम्राज्य">रोमन साम्राज्य</a></div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #48a; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य">पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य</a></div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #bc4; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="बाइजान्टिन साम्राज्य">पूर्वी रोमन साम्राज्य</a></div></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">राजधानी</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE" title="रोम">रोम</a> (र <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="रोम साम्राज्य (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">पछि साम्राज्यको समयमा</a>, विशेष गरी <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="कन्स्टान्टिनोपल (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">कन्स्टान्टिनोपल</a> र रेभेना)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">आम भाषाहरू</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रोमन भाषा">रोमन भाषा</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">सरकार</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="रोमन राज्य">राज्य</a> (७५३-५०९ ईपू)<br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रोमन गणतन्त्र">गणतन्त्र</a> (५०९–२७ ईपू)<br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="रोमन साम्राज्य">साम्राज्य</a> (२७ ईपू–४७६ ई)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ऐतिहासिक काल</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="प्राचीन इतिहास">प्राचीन इतिहास</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238776"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="रोमको स्थापना (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">रोमको स्थापना</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">७५३ ईपू</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="लुसियस तारक्विनियस सुपरबस (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">लुसियस तारक्विनियस सुपरबस</a>को <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="रोमन राजतन्त्रको पतन (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">पतन</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">५०९ ईपू</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• अक्टोभियनले <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B8" title="अगस्टस">अगस्टस</a> घोषणा गरे </div></th><td class="infobox-data">२७ ईपू</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्यको पतन (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्यको पतन</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">४७६ ई</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>आधुनिक <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="इतिहास">इतिहास</a>लेखनमा, <b>प्राचीन रोम</b>ले ८औँ शताब्दी ईपू <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="इटाली">इटालि</a> शहर <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE" title="रोम">रोम</a>को स्थापनादेखि ५औँ शताब्दी ईमा <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य">पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य</a>को पतनसम्म <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="रोमन सभ्यता (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">रोमन सभ्यता</a>लाई बुझाउँछ। यसले <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="रोमन राज्य">रोमन राज्य</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रोमन गणतन्त्र">रोमन गणतन्त्र</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="रोमन साम्राज्य">रोमन साम्राज्य</a> र पश्चिमी साम्राज्यको पतन सम्म समावेश गर्दछ।<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>१<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> प्राचीन रोमन सभ्यताले आधुनिक <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="भाषा">भाषा</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="धर्म">धर्म</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="समाज">समाज</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF" title="प्रविधि">प्रविधि</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="कानून">कानून</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="राजनीति">राजनीति</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="सरकार">सरकार</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="युद्ध">युद्ध</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="कला">कला</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="साहित्य">साहित्य</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="वास्तुकला (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">वास्तुकला</a>, र <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="इन्जिनियरिङ">इन्जिनियरिङ</a>मा योगदान पुर्‍याएको छ।<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>२<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>आन्तरिक अस्थिरताबाट ग्रस्त र विभिन्न प्रवासी मानिसहरूद्वारा आक्रमण, साम्राज्यको पश्चिमी भाग ५औँ शताब्दीमा स्वतन्त्र <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0" title="बर्बर">बर्बर</a> राज्यहरूमा विभाजित भयो।<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>३<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> साम्राज्यको पूर्वी भाग १४५३ ईस्वीमा यसको पतन सम्म मध्य युगको माध्यमबाट एक शक्ति रह्यो। यसको उचाइमा, यसले उत्तर <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अफ्रिका">अफ्रिकी</a> तट, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="इजिप्ट">इजिप्ट</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="युरोप">दक्षिणी युरोप</a>, र पश्चिमी यूरोपको अधिकांश भाग, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA" title="बाल्कन प्रायद्वीप">बाल्कन</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="क्रिमिया (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">क्रिमिया</a> र <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="मध्य पूर्व">मध्य पूर्व</a>को धेरै जसो <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="अनातोलिया (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">अनातोलिया</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="लेभान्ट (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">लेभान्ट</a> र <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मेसोपोटामिया">मेसोपोटामिया</a> र <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF" title="अरबी मरुभूमि">अरब</a>का केही भागहरू नियन्त्रण गरेको थियो।<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>४<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="सन्दर्भ_सामग्रीहरू"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A6.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AD_.E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.AE.E0.A4.97.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.80.E0.A4.B9.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.82"></span>सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE&action=edit&section=1" title="खण्ड: सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू सम्पादन गर्ने"><span>सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/ancient-Rome">"ancient Rome | Facts, Maps, & History"</a>, <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> (अङ्ग्रेजीमा)<span class="reference-accessdate">, अन्तिम पहुँच ५ सेप्टेम्बर २०१७</span>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE&rft.btitle=ancient+Rome+%7C+Facts%2C+Maps%2C+%26+History&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2Fancient-Rome&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Furet, François; Ozouf, Mona, सम्पादकहरू (१९८९), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bGxiE6jvzOcC"><i>A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution</i></a>, Harvard University Press, पृ: ७९३, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8" title="आइएसबिएन">आइएसबिएन</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:BookSources/978-0674177284" title="विशेष:BookSources/978-0674177284">978-0674177284</a>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE&rft.btitle=A+Critical+Dictionary+of+the+French+Revolution&rft.date=%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0674177284&rft.pages=%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A9&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbGxiE6jvzOcC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; <span class="citation book">Luckham, Robin; White, Gordon (१९९६), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RMDnAAAAIAAJ"><i>Democratization in the South: The Jagged Wave</i></a>, Manchester University Press, पृ: ११, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8" title="आइएसबिएन">आइएसबिएन</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:BookSources/978-0719049422" title="विशेष:BookSources/978-0719049422">978-0719049422</a>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE&rft.au=Luckham%2C+Robin&rft.au=White%2C+Gordon&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.aulast=Luckham&rft.btitle=Democratization+in+the+South%3A+The+Jagged+Wave&rft.date=%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AC&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0719049422&rft.pages=%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRMDnAAAAIAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; <span class="citation book">Sellers, Mortimer N. (१९९४), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zN7lgzjettgC"><i>American Republicanism: Roman Ideology in the United States Constitution</i></a>, NYU Press, पृ: ९०, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8" title="आइएसबिएन">आइएसबिएन</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:BookSources/978-0814780053" title="विशेष:BookSources/978-0814780053">978-0814780053</a>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE&rft.au=Sellers%2C+Mortimer+N.&rft.aufirst=Mortimer+N.&rft.aulast=Sellers&rft.btitle=American+Republicanism%3A+Roman+Ideology+in+the+United+States+Constitution&rft.date=%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0814780053&rft.pages=%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzN7lgzjettgC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Ferrero, Guglielmo (१९०९), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_TsTAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Greatness and Decline of Rome, Volume 2</i></a>, G.P. Putnam's Sons, पृ: २१५।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE&rft.au=Ferrero%2C+Guglielmo&rft.aufirst=Guglielmo&rft.aulast=Ferrero&rft.btitle=The+Greatness+and+Decline+of+Rome%2C+Volume+2&rft.date=%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AF&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB&rft.pub=G.P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_TsTAAAAYAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; <span class="citation book">Hadfield, Andrew Hadfield (२००५), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ssm3UQYmsYIC"><i>Shakespeare and Republicanism</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, पृ: ६८, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8" title="आइएसबिएन">आइएसबिएन</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:BookSources/978-0521816076" title="विशेष:BookSources/978-0521816076">978-0521816076</a>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE&rft.au=Hadfield%2C+Andrew+Hadfield&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Hadfield&rft.aulast=Hadfield&rft.btitle=Shakespeare+and+Republicanism&rft.date=%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AB&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0521816076&rft.pages=%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AE&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSsm3UQYmsYIC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; <span class="citation book">Gray, Christopher B (१९९९), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=symGBDPyd5YC"><i>The Philosophy of Law: An Encyclopedia, Volume 1</i></a>, Taylor & Francis, पृ: ७४१, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8" title="आइएसबिएन">आइएसबिएन</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:BookSources/978-0815313441" title="विशेष:BookSources/978-0815313441">978-0815313441</a>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE&rft.au=Gray%2C+Christopher+B&rft.aufirst=Christopher+B&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.btitle=The+Philosophy+of+Law%3A+An+Encyclopedia%2C+Volume+1&rft.date=%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0815313441&rft.pages=%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A7&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsymGBDPyd5YC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rein_Taagepera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rein Taagepera (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">Taagepera, Rein</a> (१९७९), "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.", <i>Social Science History</i> <b>3</b> (3/4): 125, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="जेएसटिओआर (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">जेएसटिओआर</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1170959">1170959</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95" class="mw-redirect" title="डिजिटल वस्तु अभिज्ञापक">डिओआई</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F1170959">10.2307/1170959</a>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE&rft.atitle=Size+and+Duration+of+Empires%3A+Growth-Decline+Curves%2C+600%26nbsp%3BB.C.+to+600%26nbsp%3BA.D.&rft.au=Taagepera%2C+Rein&rft.aufirst=Rein&rft.aulast=Taagepera&rft.date=%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AF&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.jstor=1170959&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+History&rft.pages=125&rft.volume=3&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1170959&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation journal">Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (डिसेम्बर २००६), "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires", <i>Journal of World-Systems Research</i> <b>12</b> (2): २२२, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="आइएसएसएन">आइएसएसएन</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1076-156X">1076-156X</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95" class="mw-redirect" title="डिजिटल वस्तु अभिज्ञापक">डिओआई</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5195%2FJWSR.2006.369">10.5195/JWSR.2006.369</a>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE&rft.atitle=East-West+Orientation+of+Historical+Empires&rft.au=Adams%2C+Jonathan+M.&rft.au=Hall%2C+Thomas+D&rft.au=Turchin%2C+Peter&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.aulast=Turchin&rft.date=%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AC&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1076-156X&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+World-Systems+Research&rft.pages=%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A8&rft.volume=12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5195%2FJWSR.2006.369&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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