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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-背景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#背景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>背景</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-背景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第一次" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第一次"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>第一次</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第一次-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第二次" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第二次"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>第二次</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第二次-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第三次" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第三次"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>第三次</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第三次-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第四次" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第四次"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>第四次</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第四次-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第五次" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第五次"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>第五次</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第五次-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第六次" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第六次"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>第六次</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第六次-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>影响</span> </div> </a> <ul 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cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">官涌之戰</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="这篇条目只存在于此语言中。添加其他语言的条目" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">添加语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q67931283#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="添加跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">添加链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Kwun_Chung" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q67931283" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70578162">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:315px;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:90%;font-size:100%">官涌之戰</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%B4%89%E7%89%87%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次鴉片戰爭">第一次鴉片戰爭</a>的一部分</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;font-size:85%;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tsim_Sha_Tsui_and_Kwun_Chung_1845.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Tsim_Sha_Tsui_and_Kwun_Chung_1845.png/220px-Tsim_Sha_Tsui_and_Kwun_Chung_1845.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Tsim_Sha_Tsui_and_Kwun_Chung_1845.png/330px-Tsim_Sha_Tsui_and_Kwun_Chung_1845.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Tsim_Sha_Tsui_and_Kwun_Chung_1845.png/440px-Tsim_Sha_Tsui_and_Kwun_Chung_1845.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="808" /></a></span><br />官涌附近地圖（1845年）</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="text-align:left; font-size:small; line-height:1.5em;;width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em;white-space:nowrap">日期</th><td>1839年11月4日－1839年11月13日</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em;white-space:nowrap">地点</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81_(%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D)" title="廣東省 (清朝)">廣東省</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E5%BA%9C" title="广州府">廣州府</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B6%E5%AE%89%E7%B8%A3" title="寶安縣">新安縣</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="官涌">官涌</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:90%;">参战方</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;font-size:85%;;font-size:90%"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em;font-size:90%"> 未知</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" 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style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E9%BE%8D%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0" title="九龍海戰">九龍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BF%E9%BC%BB%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="穿鼻之战">第一次穿鼻</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">官涌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%AE%9A%E6%B5%B7%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="第一次定海之战">第一次定海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%97%A8%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="澳门之战">澳门</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E7%A9%BF%E9%BC%BB%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="第二次穿鼻之戰">第二次穿鼻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E9%97%A8%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="虎门之战">虎门</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%A0%E6%B1%9F%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="珠江之战（页面不存在）">珠江</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E5%9F%94%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄埔之战（页面不存在）">黄埔</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%B1%9F%E8%BF%9C%E5%BE%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西江远征（页面不存在）">西江</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="第一次广州之战">第一次广州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="第二次广州之战">第二次广州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%85%83%E9%87%8C%E6%8A%97%E8%8B%B1%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="三元里抗英事件">三元里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9_(%E9%B8%A6%E7%89%87%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89)" title="厦门战役 (鸦片战争)">厦门</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%89%E4%B9%8B%E5%BD%B9" title="大安之役">呐尔不哒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%AE%9A%E6%B5%B7%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="第二次定海之战">第二次定海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%87%E6%B5%B7%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98_(1841%E5%B9%B4)" title="镇海之战 (1841年)">镇海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E4%B8%9C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="浙东之战">宁波</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%88%E6%BA%AA%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慈溪之战（页面不存在）">慈溪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E6%B5%A6%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="乍浦之战">乍浦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E6%B7%9E%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="吴淞战役">吴淞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%87%E6%B1%9F%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98_(1842%E5%B9%B4)" title="镇江之战 (1842年)">镇江</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b>官涌之戰</b>是林則徐奏報於1839年11月发生的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大英帝國">大英帝國</a>之间的武装冲突事件，依英軍記載則英軍並未參戰。清軍為了防範<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="英軍">英軍</a>的侵犯，於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E6%B2%99%E5%92%80" title="尖沙咀">尖沙咀</a>以北<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E5%B1%B1" title="官涌山">官涌山</a>佈防。清<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%85%89" title="道光">道光</a>十九年九月廿九日至十月初八日 (1839年11月4－13日) ，林則徐奏稱英舰於10天内向清軍進行海陸攻擊6次，但是未能攻克官涌。<sup id="cite_ref-茅海建_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-茅海建-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="背景"><span id=".E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF"></span>背景</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：背景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Forcing_the_passage_of_the_Bocca_Tigris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Forcing_the_passage_of_the_Bocca_Tigris.jpg/220px-Forcing_the_passage_of_the_Bocca_Tigris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Forcing_the_passage_of_the_Bocca_Tigris.jpg/330px-Forcing_the_passage_of_the_Bocca_Tigris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Forcing_the_passage_of_the_Bocca_Tigris.jpg/440px-Forcing_the_passage_of_the_Bocca_Tigris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1098" data-file-height="743" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%C2%B7%E7%BE%A9%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="查理·義律">查理·義律</a>乘坐的路易莎號（圖中）</figcaption></figure> <p>道光十九年（1839年），<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A6%E5%B7%AE%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="钦差大臣">钦差大臣</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%88%99%E5%BE%90" title="林则徐">林则徐</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E5%B9%BF%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="两广总督">两广总督</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%93%E5%BB%B7%E6%A1%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="邓廷桢">邓廷桢</a>和水师提督<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%B9" title="关天培">关天培</a>商议，为了控制外洋海面，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E6%B2%99%E5%98%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="尖沙嘴">尖沙嘴</a>和官涌山岗一带驻军。关天培调<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E8%BF%9E%E5%8D%87" class="mw-redirect" title="陈连升">陈连升</a>防守。官涌营盘居高临下，可以俯击英船。英军不断派人到此偷袭。 1839年6月20日，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E9%BE%8D" title="九龍">九龍</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E6%B2%99%E5%92%80" title="尖沙咀">尖沙咀</a>村發生<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%B6%AD%E5%96%9C%E6%A1%88" title="林維喜案">林維喜案</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>水兵在村內醉酒鬧事，打死村民林維喜，林則徐要求英國商務總監義律交出兇手，義律卻自己輕判了事。此事因而成為<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%B4%89%E7%89%87%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次鴉片戰爭">第一次鴉片戰爭</a>的導火線，為<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>被割讓埋下伏筆。同年11月，中英隨即爆發<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BF%E9%BC%BB%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="穿鼻之戰">穿鼻之戰</a>，林則徐下令軍隊駐在官涌山。 </p><p>据林则徐奏，英軍在旬日之内，连续向官涌清军进攻六次，皆被击退，其中参战的有“嘚格喇𠱊”（Douglas是艦長，艦名<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="劍橋號" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Porcher (1799 ship)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E8%99%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劍橋號（页面不存在）">「劍橋」</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcher_(1799_ship)" class="extiw" title="en:Porcher (1799 ship)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Porcher (1799 ship)</span></a></span>）</span></span>）、“哆唎”等英船。而英方对此却全无记载，反称泊于香港一带的英船移往铜鼓时，于11月13日在九龙一带（即官涌）遭到清军的炮击。此时英国在广东海面僅有巡防艦<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="窩拉疑號巡防艦 (1825)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="HMS Volage (1825)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%96%91%E8%99%9F%E5%B7%A1%E9%98%B2%E8%89%A6_(1825)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="窩拉疑號巡防艦 (1825)（页面不存在）">窩拉疑號</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Volage_(1825)" class="extiw" title="en:HMS Volage (1825)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">HMS Volage (1825)</span></a></span>）</span></span>及新到的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="風信子號" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="HMS Hyacinth (1829)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%A8%E4%BF%A1%E5%AD%90%E8%99%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="風信子號（页面不存在）">風信子號</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Hyacinth_(1829)" class="extiw" title="en:HMS Hyacinth (1829)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">HMS Hyacinth (1829)</span></a></span>）</span></span>，以及官船<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E8%8E%8E%E8%99%9F%E7%8D%A8%E6%A1%85%E7%B8%B1%E5%B8%86%E8%88%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="路易莎號獨桅縱帆船">路易莎號</a>，从林则徐奏折来分析，此三舰并未参战。因此可以肯定官涌之战不是英军与清军之间的戰事。<sup id="cite_ref-茅海建_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-茅海建-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="第一次"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E6.AC.A1"></span>第一次</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：第一次"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>官涌营盘守军在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%83%E5%B0%87" title="參將">參將</a>陳連昇和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E6%93%8A_(%E5%AE%98%E5%90%8D)" title="游擊 (官名)">遊擊</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8D%E9%80%9A%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伍通标（页面不存在）">伍通标</a>率领下截击偷袭的英兵，打伤英军士兵并缴获了枪械，英军逃跑。<sup id="cite_ref-林則徐_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-林則徐-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="第二次"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E6.AC.A1"></span>第二次</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：第二次"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>九月廿九日（11月4日）夜，英兵舰数艘，对准官涌营盘一字排开，猛烈仰攻，但目标太高，不好命中。清军居高临下，向英兵舰进行俯击，英舰撤退。<sup id="cite_ref-林則徐_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-林則徐-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="第三次"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E6.AC.A1"></span>第三次</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：第三次"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>十月初三日（11月8日）英兵舰以大舰正面对官涌营盘开炮，同时派小船侧面包抄，乘海潮冲击靠近岸边，百余人乘隙抢上山岗，把总<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E6%98%8E%E8%BE%89" class="mw-disambig" title="刘明辉">刘明辉</a>率众截击，击伤英军数十名，死亡数人，其余滚下山岗。<sup id="cite_ref-林則徐_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-林則徐-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="第四次"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E5.9B.9B.E6.AC.A1"></span>第四次</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：第四次"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>十月初四日（11月9日），英军在<a href="/wiki/%E9%B6%B4%E5%9C%92" title="鶴園">胡椒角</a>（今<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E9%80%B8%E8%B1%AA%E5%9C%92" title="海逸豪園">海逸豪園</a>附近）开炮试探，营盘守军游击<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E8%BF%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德连（页面不存在）">德连</a>用<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%82%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="大炮">大炮</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%AC%E7%82%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="抬炮（页面不存在）">抬炮</a>一齐还击，英舰被击中，潜逃。 </p><p>林则徐、邓廷桢和关天培，增调水师官兵二百人，添置大炮六座，并调派候补知府<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%99%E4%BF%9D%E7%BA%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="余保纯">余保纯</a>、候补县丞<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%A0%E9%B9%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="张鹍（页面不存在）">张鹍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%89%E5%8E%BF" title="新安县">新安县</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="知县">知县</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E6%98%9F%E6%BA%90" title="梁星源">梁星源</a>、驻守<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%B5%AC%E7%81%A3" class="mw-disambig" title="大鵬灣">大鹏湾</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%83%E5%B0%87" title="參將">参将</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%B4%E6%81%A9%E7%88%B5" title="賴恩爵">赖恩爵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%8F%B8_(%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8E)" title="都司 (軍階)">都司</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E5%90%8D%E9%A6%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洪名香（页面不存在）">洪名香</a>、宋王台参将<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E6%96%8C" class="mw-disambig" title="张斌">张斌</a>就近带兵往官涌通力合作，准备夹攻来犯英军。<sup id="cite_ref-林則徐_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-林則徐-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="第五次"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.94.E6.AC.A1"></span>第五次</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：第五次"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>十月初六日（11月11日）晚，清军按五个山梁分五路用大炮主动出击，英军逃跑。<sup id="cite_ref-林則徐_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-林則徐-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="第六次"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E5.85.AD.E6.AC.A1"></span>第六次</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：第六次"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>十月初八日（11月13日）下午，英舰来犯，清军仍以五个山梁，五路大炮叠轰，击退英舰。<sup id="cite_ref-林則徐_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-林則徐-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影响"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E5.93.8D"></span>影响</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：影响"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>林则徐、邓廷桢、关天培为防英军再犯，在尖沙嘴、官涌添置炮台，经<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%99%E4%BF%9D%E7%BA%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="余保纯">余保纯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%B4%E6%81%A9%E7%88%B5" title="賴恩爵">赖恩爵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E6%98%9F%E6%BA%90" title="梁星源">梁星源</a>等实地勘察，于尖沙嘴山麓、官涌之南山上各建炮台一座，由内地调配大炮五十多门，还将大鹏湾营改为协，派副将驻守。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-茅海建-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-茅海建_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-茅海建_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%85%E6%B5%B7%E5%BB%BA" title="茅海建">茅海建</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.99csw.com/book/8605/305197.htm">第二章骤然而至的战争·四林则徐的制敌方略</a>. 天朝的崩溃: 鸦片战争再硏究. 生活・讀書・新知三聯書店. 1995年 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-06-28</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7108007576" title="Special:网络书源/7108007576"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7108007576</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220716044859/https://www.99csw.com/book/8605/305197.htm">存档</a>于2022-07-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&rft.atitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%AB%A0%E9%AA%A4%E7%84%B6%E8%80%8C%E8%87%B3%E7%9A%84%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%C2%B7%E5%9B%9B%E6%9E%97%E5%88%99%E5%BE%90%E7%9A%84%E5%88%B6%E6%95%8C%E6%96%B9%E7%95%A5&rft.au=%E8%8C%85%E6%B5%B7%E5%BB%BA&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A9%E6%9C%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%B4%A9%E6%BA%83%3A+%E9%B8%A6%E7%89%87%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E5%86%8D%E7%A1%8F%E7%A9%B6&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=7108007576&rft.pub=%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E3%83%BB%E8%AE%80%E6%9B%B8%E3%83%BB%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%A5%E4%B8%89%E8%81%AF%E6%9B%B8%E5%BA%97&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.99csw.com%2Fbook%2F8605%2F305197.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> 英文版見<cite class="citation book">Haijian Mao. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DVIYDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA114"><span></span><i>The Qing Empire and the Opium War</i><span></span></a>. Cambridge University Press. 2016年10月18日: 114–115. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781107069879" title="Special:网络书源/9781107069879"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781107069879</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&rft.au=Haijian+Mao&rft.btitle=The+Qing+Empire+and+the+Opium+War&rft.date=2016-10-18&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781107069879&rft.pages=114-115&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDVIYDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA114&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-林則徐-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-林則徐_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-林則徐_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-林則徐_2-2"><sup><b>2.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-林則徐_2-3"><sup><b>2.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-林則徐_2-4"><sup><b>2.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-林則徐_2-5"><sup><b>2.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">中国第一历史档案馆 (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macaudata.mo/macaubook/book253/html/036001.htm">702 欽差兩江總督林則徐等奏報砯次擊退阻撓該國貨船具結進口並各處滋擾之英國兵船摺</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macaudata.mo/macaubook/book253/html/list.htm">明清時期澳門問題檔案文獻匯編(二)</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-06-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220628225012/https://www.macaudata.mo/macaubook/book253/html/list.htm">存档</a>于2022-06-28） –通过澳門基金會.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&rft.atitle=702+%E6%AC%BD%E5%B7%AE%E5%85%A9%E6%B1%9F%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3%E6%9E%97%E5%89%87%E5%BE%90%E7%AD%89%E5%A5%8F%E5%A0%B1%E7%A0%AF%E6%AC%A1%E6%93%8A%E9%80%80%E9%98%BB%E6%92%93%E8%A9%B2%E5%9C%8B%E8%B2%A8%E8%88%B9%E5%85%B7%E7%B5%90%E9%80%B2%E5%8F%A3%E4%B8%A6%E5%90%84%E8%99%95%E6%BB%8B%E6%93%BE%E4%B9%8B%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B5%E8%88%B9%E6%91%BA&rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86&rft.btitle=%E6%98%8E%E6%B8%85%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB%E5%8C%AF%E7%B7%A8%28%E4%BA%8C%29&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macaudata.mo%2Fmacaubook%2Fbook253%2Fhtml%2F036001.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">霍啟昌. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I1HTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39">香港與近代中國: 霍啟昌香港史論</a>. 香港: 三聯書店: 39. 2019年9月16日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2022年6月28日]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789620445071" title="Special:网络书源/9789620445071"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789620445071</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220628225748/https://books.google.com/books?id=I1HTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39">存档</a>于2022年6月28日） –通过Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%98%E6%B6%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&rft.au=%E9%9C%8D%E5%95%9F%E6%98%8C&rft.btitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%88%87%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%3A+%E9%9C%8D%E5%95%9F%E6%98%8C%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%8F%B2%E8%AB%96&rft.date=2019-09-16&rft.genre=unknown&rft.isbn=9789620445071&rft.pages=39&rft.place=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF&rft.pub=%E4%B8%89%E8%81%AF%E6%9B%B8%E5%BA%97&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI1HTDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA39&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="香港戰役" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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