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Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="WIR Bank" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIR_Bank" title="WIR Bank – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="WIR Bank" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIR-Banko-Kooperativo" title="WIR-Banko-Kooperativo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="WIR-Banko-Kooperativo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="بانک 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Swiss bank that issues a complementary currency (WIR franc)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WIR" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/WIR_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="WIR (disambiguation)">WIR (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">WIR Bank and Trade System</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Wirbank_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wirbank_logo.svg/220px-Wirbank_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wirbank_logo.svg/330px-Wirbank_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wirbank_logo.svg/440px-Wirbank_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="219" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native name</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> WIR Bank<br /><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Banque WIR<br /><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> Banca WIR</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Swiss Economic Circle (German: <i>Wirtschaftsring-Genossenschaft</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1934<span class="noprint">; 90 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1934</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wir.ch">www.wir.ch</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>WIR Bank</b>, formerly the <b>Swiss Economic Circle</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i>Wirtschaftsring-Genossenschaft</i>), or <b>WIR</b>, is an independent <a href="/wiki/Complementary_currency" title="Complementary currency">complementary currency</a> system in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> that serves businesses in hospitality, construction, manufacturing, retail and professional services. WIR issues and manages a private currency, called the <b>WIR franc</b>, which is used in combination with the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Swiss franc</a> to generate dual-currency transactions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="System">System</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WIR_Bank&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: System"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The WIR franc is an electronic currency reflected in clients' trade accounts and so there is no paper money. The intentions of starting were in increased sales, cash flow and profits for a qualified participant.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> WIR created a credit system which issues credit, in WIR francs, to its members.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The credit lines are secured by members pledging assets which ensures that the currency is asset-backed. When two members enter into a transaction with both Swiss francs and WIR francs it reduces the amount of cash needed by the buyer; the seller does not discount its product or service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Currencies">Currencies <span class="anchor" id="CHE"></span><span class="anchor" id="CHW"></span><span class="anchor" id="CHC"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WIR_Bank&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Currencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The WIR Bank is the central banking authority for currency funds:<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217 Standard</a> definition:</p><div><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.six-group.com/en/products-services/financial-information/data-standards.html">"Data Standards, ISO 4217 - Currency Code Maintenance: Get the Correct Currency Code"</a>. <i>www.six-group.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/SIX_Group" title="SIX Group">SIX Group</a>. 1 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.six-group.com&rft.atitle=Data+Standards%2C+ISO+4217+-+Currency+Code+Maintenance%3A+Get+the+Correct+Currency+Code&rft.date=2022-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.six-group.com%2Fen%2Fproducts-services%2Ffinancial-information%2Fdata-standards.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWIR+Bank" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/lists/list-one.xls">"List One: Currency, fund and precious metal codes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span>. <i>www.six-group.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/SIX_Group" title="SIX Group">SIX Group</a>. 23 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.six-group.com&rft.atitle=List+One%3A+Currency%2C+fund+and+precious+metal+codes&rft.date=2022-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.six-group.com%2Fdam%2Fdownload%2Ffinancial-information%2Fdata-center%2Fiso-currrency%2Flists%2Flist-one.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWIR+Bank" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/lists/list-two.doc">"List Two: Fund codes registered with the Maintenance Agency"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span>. <i>www.six-group.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/SIX_Group" title="SIX Group">SIX Group</a>. 29 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.six-group.com&rft.atitle=List+Two%3A+Fund+codes+registered+with+the+Maintenance+Agency&rft.date=2018-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.six-group.com%2Fdam%2Fdownload%2Ffinancial-information%2Fdata-center%2Fiso-currrency%2Flists%2Flist-two.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWIR+Bank" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/lists/list-three.xls">"List Three: Codes for historic denominations of currencies and funds"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span>. <i>www.six-group.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/SIX_Group" title="SIX Group">SIX Group</a>. 22 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.six-group.com&rft.atitle=List+Three%3A+Codes+for+historic+denominations+of+currencies+and+funds&rft.date=2018-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.six-group.com%2Fdam%2Fdownload%2Ffinancial-information%2Fdata-center%2Fiso-currrency%2Flists%2Flist-three.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWIR+Bank" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/amendments/lists/overview-amendments.xlsx">"Overview Amendments"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLSX)</span>. <i>www.six-group.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/SIX_Group" title="SIX Group">SIX Group</a>. 23 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.six-group.com&rft.atitle=Overview+Amendments&rft.date=2022-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.six-group.com%2Fdam%2Fdownload%2Ffinancial-information%2Fdata-center%2Fiso-currrency%2Famendments%2Flists%2Foverview-amendments.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWIR+Bank" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>CHE</td> <td>WIR Euro</td> <td>List One, active<br />List Two, fund code </td></tr> <tr> <td>CHW</td> <td>WIR Franc</td> <td>List One, active<br />List Two, fund code </td></tr> <tr> <td>CHC</td> <td>WIR Franc (for electronic)</td> <td>Obsolete per 2004-11 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WIR_Bank&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>WIR was founded in 1934 by businessmen Werner Zimmermann and Paul Enz as a result of currency shortages and global financial instability. A <a href="/wiki/Banking_license" title="Banking license">banking license</a> was granted in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Zimmermann and Enz had been influenced by <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgist</a> <a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">economist</a> <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Gesell" title="Silvio Gesell">Silvio Gesell</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-reinventingmoney.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reinventingmoney.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, the WIR Bank renounced Gesell's "<a href="/wiki/Freigeld" title="Freigeld">free money</a>" theory in 1952, opening the door to monetary <a href="/wiki/Interest" title="Interest">interest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wir_and_the_swiss_national_economy_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wir_and_the_swiss_national_economy-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"WIR" is both an abbreviation of <i>Wirtschaftsring</i> and the word for "we" in German, reminding participants that the economic circle is also a community.<sup id="cite_ref-reinventingmoney.com_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reinventingmoney.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the cooperative's statutes, "Its purpose is to encourage participating members to put their buying power at each other's disposal and keep it circulating within their ranks, thereby providing members with additional sales volume." </p><p>Initially, in keeping with Gesell's "free money" doctrine, the Economic Circle circulated certificates with negative monthly interest rates enforced through a required monthly stamp on the reverse side of certificates. This feature, called demurrage was aimed at preventing hoarding while avoiding constant devaluation of the currency. This practice was eventually ended in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-wir_and_the_swiss_national_economy_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wir_and_the_swiss_national_economy-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although WIR started with only sixteen members, today it has grown to include 62,000. Total assets are approximately 3.0 billion <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">CHF</a>, annual sales in the range of 6.5 billion, as of 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 1998, assets held by the credit system were 885 million and liabilities of 844 million, i.e. the circulating WIR money, with equity in the system of 44 million. These WIR obligations being interest free have a cost of zero. Income from interest and credit clearing activities was 38 million francs. </p><p><br /> The WIR Bank was a not-for-profit entity, although that status changed during the Bank's expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bank considers itself as stable, claiming to be fully operational during times of general economic crisis and may dampen downturns in the business cycle, helping to stabilize the Swiss economy during difficult times.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is cited as an example in the documentary film <i><a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_(2015_film)" title="Tomorrow (2015 film)">Tomorrow</a> (Demain)</i> (2015). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WIR_Bank&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JAK_Members_Bank" title="JAK Members Bank">JAK Members Bank</a> which was part of the WIR's inspiration.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WIR_Bank&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiederer" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Niederer, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130115184645/http://www.der-arbeitsmarkt.ch/arbeitsmarkt/de/themen/archiv/101176/WIR_sind_auch_Geld">"WIR sind auch Geld"</a>. <i>der-arbeitsmarkt.ch</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.der-arbeitsmarkt.ch/arbeitsmarkt/de/themen/archiv/101176/WIR_sind_auch_Geld">the original</a> on 15 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=der-arbeitsmarkt.ch&rft.atitle=WIR+sind+auch+Geld&rft.aulast=Niederer&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.der-arbeitsmarkt.ch%2Farbeitsmarkt%2Fde%2Fthemen%2Farchiv%2F101176%2FWIR_sind_auch_Geld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWIR+Bank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reinventingmoney.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reinventingmoney.com_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reinventingmoney.com_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061017101214/http://www.reinventingmoney.com/wirbusiness.php">"60 Years WIR Business Circle Cooperative -Origins and Ideology"</a>. <i>WIR Magazine (September 1994)</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reinventingmoney.com/wirbusiness.php">the original</a> on 17 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WIR+Magazine+%28September+1994%29&rft.atitle=60+Years+WIR+Business+Circle+Cooperative+-Origins+and+Ideology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reinventingmoney.com%2Fwirbusiness.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWIR+Bank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wir_and_the_swiss_national_economy-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wir_and_the_swiss_national_economy_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wir_and_the_swiss_national_economy_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuder1998" class="citation book cs1">Studer, Tobias (1998). <i>WIR and the Swiss National Economy</i>. WIR Bank, Basel. p. 59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WIR+and+the+Swiss+National+Economy&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=WIR+Bank%2C+Basel&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Studer&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWIR+Bank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045526/http://www.wir.ch/fr/la-banque-wir/histoire/">"Histoire (in French)"</a>. <i>Wir Bank</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wir.ch/fr/la-banque-wir/histoire/">the original</a> on 8 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wir+Bank&rft.atitle=Histoire+%28in+French%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wir.ch%2Ffr%2Fla-banque-wir%2Fhistoire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWIR+Bank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325013519/http://www.wir.ch/index.cfm?uuid=CBD9201A3DBB11D6B9950001020761E5&and_uuid=A418FC335056B8078ABF3FC01C5D51CE">"Press Release 2010 Annual report of the WIR Bank"</a>. <i>WIR Bank</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wir.ch/index.cfm?uuid=CBD9201A3DBB11D6B9950001020761E5&and_uuid=A418FC335056B8078ABF3FC01C5D51CE">the original</a> on 25 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WIR+Bank&rft.atitle=Press+Release+2010+Annual+report+of+the+WIR+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wir.ch%2Findex.cfm%3Fuuid%3DCBD9201A3DBB11D6B9950001020761E5%26and_uuid%3DA418FC335056B8078ABF3FC01C5D51CE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWIR+Bank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stodder, James. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lietaer.com/images/Stodder_Reciprocal_Exchange.pdf">"Reciprocal Exchange Networks: Implications for Macroeconomic Stability"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reciprocal+Exchange+Networks%3A+Implications+for+Macroeconomic+Stability&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lietaer.com%2Fimages%2FStodder_Reciprocal_Exchange.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWIR+Bank" class="Z3988"></span> , Proceedings of the IEEE Engineering Management Society Conference, Albuquerque, New Mexico, August 2000.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WIR_Bank&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wir.ch/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centerforneweconomics.org/publications/initial-results-wir-research-switzerland">WIR Report by Erick B. Hansch, 1971</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YkWdvSPd5o8">WIR Bank Video Report by Giorgio Simonetti, RAI television [Italian] </a></li> <li>* <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://band2.dieweltdercommons.de/essays/wir_waehrung.html">WIR — Eine Währung, die den Tausch neu erfindet (in German)</a> Essay by James Stodder and Bernard Lietaer. Published in <i>Die Welt der Commons - Muster des gemeinsamen Handelns</i>, Transcript-Verlag, Germany, 205.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/19px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/29px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/38px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/19px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/29px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/38px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Economy">Economy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/19px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/29px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/38px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="54" data-file-height="54" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Banks" title="Portal:Banks">Banks</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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