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<span>Genera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Feeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fisheries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisheries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Fisheries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisheries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food_and_nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_and_nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Food and nutrition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_and_nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_of_sardine_fishing_in_the_UK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_sardine_fishing_in_the_UK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>History of sardine fishing in the UK</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_sardine_fishing_in_the_UK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_sardine_fishing_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_sardine_fishing_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>History of sardine fishing in the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_sardine_fishing_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sardine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%AD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D4%A5%D1%81" title="Аҭлаԥс – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҭлаԥс" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86" title="سردين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سردين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinka" title="Sardinka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sardinka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sard%C3%AEn" title="Sardîn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sardîn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86" title="سردين – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سردين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardina" title="Sardina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sardina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardino" title="Sardino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sardino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ساردین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساردین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pils%C3%A9ar" title="Pilséar – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pilséar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarsulo" title="Tarsulo – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Tarsulo" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarden" title="Sarden – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sarden" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="სარდინები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სარდინები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Сардина – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сардина" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernen" title="Hernen – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hernen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadin" title="Sadin – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sadin" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardin%C4%97s" title="Sardinės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sardinės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardina" title="Sardina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sardina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="മത്തി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മത്തി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardin" title="Sardin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sardin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sardine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3" title="サーディン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サーディン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinalar" title="Sardinalar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sardinalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardynka" title="Sardynka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sardynka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinha" title="Sardinha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sardinha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Сардина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сардина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sardine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Сардине – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сардине" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardiinit" title="Sardiinit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sardiinit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D)" title="மத்தி (மீன்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மத்தி (மீன்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="ปลาซาร์ดีน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปลาซาร์ดีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF" title="ಬೂತಾಯಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಬೂತಾಯಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardalya" title="Sardalya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sardalya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Сардини – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сардини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1_m%C3%B2i" title="Cá mòi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cá mòi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinas" title="Sardinas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sardinas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%94%B8%E9%AD%9A" title="沙甸魚 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="沙甸魚" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sard%C3%A8n" title="Sardèn – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Sardèn" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5141254#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="View the content page [c]" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardines&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardines">Sardines</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Common name for various small, oily forage fish</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the fish. For use in food, see <a href="/wiki/Sardines_as_food" title="Sardines as food">Sardines as food</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sardine_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sardine (disambiguation)">Sardine (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Pilchard" redirects here. For other meanings, see <a href="/wiki/Pilchard_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pilchard (disambiguation)">Pilchard (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Sardines</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sardines_-_%E9%B0%AF(%E3%81%84%E3%82%8F%E3%81%97).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Sardines_-_%E9%B0%AF%28%E3%81%84%E3%82%8F%E3%81%97%29.jpg/300px-Sardines_-_%E9%B0%AF%28%E3%81%84%E3%82%8F%E3%81%97%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Sardines_-_%E9%B0%AF%28%E3%81%84%E3%82%8F%E3%81%97%29.jpg/450px-Sardines_-_%E9%B0%AF%28%E3%81%84%E3%82%8F%E3%81%97%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Sardines_-_%E9%B0%AF%28%E3%81%84%E3%82%8F%E3%81%97%29.jpg/600px-Sardines_-_%E9%B0%AF%28%E3%81%84%E3%82%8F%E3%81%97%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Sardines are small <a href="/wiki/Epipelagic_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Epipelagic fish">epipelagic fish</a> that sometimes <a href="/wiki/Fish_migration" title="Fish migration">migrate</a> along the coast in <a href="/wiki/Shoaling_and_schooling" title="Shoaling and schooling">large schools</a>. They are an important <a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">forage fish</a> for larger forms of marine life.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Time_series_for_global_capture_of_all_sardines.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Time_series_for_global_capture_of_all_sardines.png/300px-Time_series_for_global_capture_of_all_sardines.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Time_series_for_global_capture_of_all_sardines.png/450px-Time_series_for_global_capture_of_all_sardines.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Time_series_for_global_capture_of_all_sardines.png/600px-Time_series_for_global_capture_of_all_sardines.png 2x" data-file-width="1422" data-file-height="815" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Global commercial capture of sardines in tonnes reported by the <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a> 1950–2009<sup id="cite_ref-FAOdata_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAOdata-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div></div> <p><b>Sardine</b> and <b>pilchard</b> are <a href="/wiki/Common_name" title="Common name">common names</a> for various species of small, <a href="/wiki/Oily_fish" title="Oily fish">oily</a> <a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">forage fish</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a> suborder <a href="/wiki/Clupeoidei" title="Clupeoidei">Clupeoidei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term 'sardine' was first used in English during the early 15th century; a somewhat dubious etymology says it comes from the <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>, around which sardines were once supposedly abundant.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The terms 'sardine' and 'pilchard' are not precise, and what is meant depends on the region. The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sea_Fish_Industry_Authority" title="Sea Fish Industry Authority">Sea Fish Industry Authority</a>, for example, classifies sardines as young pilchards.<sup id="cite_ref-seafish_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seafish-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One criterion suggests fish shorter in length than 15 cm (6 in) are sardines, and larger fish are pilchards.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>/<a href="/wiki/WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a> Codex standard for <a href="/wiki/Canned_sardines" class="mw-redirect" title="Canned sardines">canned sardines</a> cites 21 species that may be classed as sardines.<sup id="cite_ref-codex_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-codex-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a>, a database of information about fish, calls at least six species pilchards, over a dozen just sardines, and many more with the two basic names qualified by various adjectives. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word 'sardine' first appeared in English in the 15th century, a <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanword</a> from French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">sardine</i></span>, derived from <a href="/wiki/Latin_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin (language)">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">sardina</i></span>, from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σαρδίνη</span></span> (<i>sardínē</i>) or <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σαρδῖνος</span></span> (<i>sardĩnos</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> possibly from the Greek <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Σαρδώ</span></span> (<i>Sardō</i>) '<a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>'. <a href="/wiki/Athenaios" class="mw-redirect" title="Athenaios">Athenaios</a> quotes a fragmentary passage from <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> mentioning the fish <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σαρδῖνος</span></span> (<i>sardĩnos</i>), referring to the sardine or pilchard.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Sardinia is over 1000 km from Athens, so it seems "hardly probable that the Greeks would have obtained fish from so far as Sardinia at a time relatively so early as that of Aristotle."<sup id="cite_ref-etymonline_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymonline-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The flesh of some sardines or pilchards is a reddish-brown colour similar to some varieties of red <a href="/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx">sardonyx</a> or sardine stone; this word derives from <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σαρδῖον</span></span> (<i>sardĩon</i>) with a root meaning 'red' and possibly cognate with <a href="/wiki/Sardis" title="Sardis">Sardis</a>, the capital of ancient <a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a> (now western <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>) where it was obtained. However, the name may refer to the reddish-pink colour of the gemstone <a href="/wiki/Sard" class="mw-redirect" title="Sard">sard</a> (or carnelian) known to the ancients.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phrase "packed like sardines" (in a <a href="/wiki/Tin_can" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin can">tin</a>) is recorded from 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-etymonline_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymonline-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The phrase "packed up like sardines" appears in <i>The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction</i> from 1841,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is a translation of "encaissés comme des sardines", which appears in <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">La Femme, le mari, et l'amant</i></span> from 1829.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other early appearances of the idiom are "packed together ... like sardines in a tin-box" (1845),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "packed ... like sardines in a can" (1854).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genera">Genera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardine&action=edit&section=2" 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:14em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:lavender; font-size:125%;">Commercial fish</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_walleye.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Blue_walleye.jpg/75px-Blue_walleye.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Blue_walleye.jpg/113px-Blue_walleye.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Blue_walleye.jpg/150px-Blue_walleye.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:gainsboro"> <a href="/wiki/Predatory_fish" title="Predatory fish">Large predatory</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billfish#Species" title="Billfish">billfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonito#Species" title="Bonito">bonito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel#Species" title="Mackerel">mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon#Species" title="Salmon">salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna#Etymology" title="Tuna">tuna</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:gainsboro"> <a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">Forage</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy#Commercial_species" title="Anchovy">anchovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring#Species" title="Herring">herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhaden#Taxonomy" title="Menhaden">menhaden</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Species">sardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alosidae" title="Alosidae">shad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprat#Species" title="Sprat">sprat</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:gainsboro"> <a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">Demersal</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cod#Species" title="Cod">cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel#Commercial_species" title="Eel">eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatfish#Species_and_species_groups" title="Flatfish">flatfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollock#Species" title="Pollock">pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Batoidea">ray</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:gainsboro"> Mixed</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp#Species" title="Carp">carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia#Species" title="Tilapia">tilapia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Common_fish" title="Template:Common fish"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Common_fish" title="Template talk:Common fish"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Common_fish" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Common fish"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sardines occur in several genera. </p> <ul><li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Dussumieria" title="Dussumieria">Dussumieria</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_sardine" title="Rainbow sardine">Rainbow sardine</a> (<i>Dussumieria acuta</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slender_rainbow_sardine" title="Slender rainbow sardine">Slender rainbow sardine</a> (<i>Dussumieria elopsoides</i>)</li></ul></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Escualosa" title="Escualosa">Escualosa</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slender_white_sardine" title="Slender white sardine">Slender white sardine</a> (<i>Escualosa elongata</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escualosa_thoracata" title="Escualosa thoracata">White sardine</a> (<i>Escualosa thoracata</i>)</li></ul></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/European_pilchard" title="European pilchard">Sardina</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_pilchard" title="European pilchard">European pilchard</a> (true sardine) (<i>Sardina pilchardus</i>)</li></ul></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Sardinella" title="Sardinella">Sardinella</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goldstripe_Sardinella" class="mw-redirect" title="Goldstripe Sardinella">Goldstripe sardinella</a> (<i>Sardinella gibbosa</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Oil_Sardine" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Oil Sardine">Indian oil sardine</a> (<i>Sardinella longiceps</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_sardinella" title="Round sardinella">Round sardinella</a> (<i>Sardinella aurita</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_sardine" class="mw-redirect" title="Freshwater sardine">Freshwater sardine</a> (<i>Sardinella tawilis</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquesan_sardinella" title="Marquesan sardinella">Marquesan sardinella</a> (<i>Sardinella marquesensis</i>)</li></ul></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/South_American_pilchard" class="mw-redirect" title="South American pilchard">Sardinops</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_pilchard" class="mw-redirect" title="South American pilchard">South American pilchard</a> (<i>Sardinops sagax</i>)</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Although they are not true sardines, <a href="/wiki/Sprat" title="Sprat">sprats</a> are sometimes marketed as sardines. For example, the <a href="/wiki/European_sprat" title="European sprat">european sprat</a>, <i>Sprattus sprattus</i>, is sometimes marketed as the 'brisling sardine'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Species">Species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="15">Commercially significant species </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Genus </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Common name </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Scientific name </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Max. length </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Typ. length </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Max. mass </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Max. age<br /> years </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Trophic_level" title="Trophic level">Trophic<br />level</a> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">Fish-<br />Base</a> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">FAO</a> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">IUCN<br />status</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>cm </th> <th>in </th> <th>cm </th> <th>in </th> <th>g </th> <th>oz </th></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/European_pilchard" title="European pilchard">Sardina</a></i> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/European_pilchard" title="European pilchard">European pilchard</a> </th> <td><i>Sardina pilchardus</i> <small>(Walbaum, 1792)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">27.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.9 </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3.05 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" title="Least Concern"><img alt="Least Concern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-IUCNpilchardus_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCNpilchardus-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><i><a href="/wiki/Sardinops" title="Sardinops">Sardinops</a></i> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/South_American_pilchard" class="mw-redirect" title="South American pilchard">South American pilchard</a> </th> <td><i>Sardinops sagax</i> <small>(Jenyns, 1842)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">490 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2.43 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" title="Least Concern"><img alt="Least Concern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-IUCNsagax_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCNsagax-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left; background: #efe; padding-left: 1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_pilchard" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese pilchard">Japanese pilchard</a><sup id="cite_ref-sardinops_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sardinops-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="background: #efe; padding-left: 1.5em;"><i>Sardinops melanostictus</i> <small>(Schlegel, 1846)</small> </td> <td style="background:#efe;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="background:#efe;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="background:#efe;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="background:#efe; text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="background:#efe; text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="background:#efe; text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#efe; text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#efe; text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#efe; text-align:center;"><div style="border: 3px solid black; background: white; width: 2em; border-radius:5em; margin: 0.25em auto;"><a href="/wiki/Not_Evaluated" class="mw-redirect" title="Not Evaluated">NE</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left; background: #efe; padding-left: 1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Californian_pilchard" class="mw-redirect" title="Californian pilchard">Californian pilchard</a><sup id="cite_ref-sardinops_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sardinops-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="background: #efe; padding-left: 1.5em;"><i>Sardinops caeruleus</i> <small>(Girard, 1854)</small> </td> <td style="background:#efe;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="background:#efe;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="background:#efe;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="background:#efe; text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="background:#efe; text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="background:#efe; text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#efe; text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#efe; text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#efe; text-align:center;"><div style="border: 3px solid black; background: white; width: 2em; border-radius:5em; margin: 0.25em auto;"><a href="/wiki/Not_Evaluated" class="mw-redirect" title="Not Evaluated">NE</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left; background: #efe; padding-left: 1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_pilchard" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern African pilchard">southern African pilchard</a><sup id="cite_ref-sardinops_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sardinops-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="background: #efe; padding-left: 1.5em;"><i>Sardinops ocellatus</i> <small>(Pappe, 1854)</small> </td> <td style="background:#efe;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="background:#efe;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="background:#efe;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="background:#efe; text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="background:#efe; text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="background:#efe; text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#efe; text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#efe; text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#efe; text-align:center;"><div style="border: 3px solid black; background: white; width: 2em; border-radius:5em; margin: 0.25em auto;"><a href="/wiki/Not_Evaluated" class="mw-redirect" title="Not Evaluated">NE</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8"><i><a href="/wiki/Sardinella" title="Sardinella">Sardinella</a></i> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bali_Sardinella" class="mw-redirect" title="Bali Sardinella">Bali sardinella</a> </th> <td><i>Sardinella lemuru</i> <small>(Bleeker, 1853)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">23 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.9 </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Near_Threatened" title="Near Threatened"><img alt="Near Threatened" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/NT_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-NT_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/NT_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-NT_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/NT_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-NT_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-IUCNlemuru_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCNlemuru-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Sardinella" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Sardinella">Brazilian sardinella</a> </th> <td><i>Sardinella brasiliensis</i> <small>(Steindachner, 1879)</small> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3.10 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Data_Deficient" title="Data Deficient"><img alt="Data Deficient" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DD_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-DD_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DD_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-DD_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DD_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-DD_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-IUCNbrasiliensis_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCNbrasiliensis-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Sardinella" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Sardinella">Japanese sardinella</a> </th> <td><i>Sardinella zunasi</i> <small>(Bleeker, 1854)</small> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3.12 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" title="Least Concern"><img alt="Least Concern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-IUCNzunasi_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCNzunasi-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Oil_Sardine" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Oil Sardine">Indian oil sardine</a> </th> <td><i>Sardinella longiceps</i> <small>(Valenciennes, 1847)</small> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2.41 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" title="Least Concern"><img alt="Least Concern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-IUCNgladius_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCNgladius-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Goldstripe_Sardinella" class="mw-redirect" title="Goldstripe Sardinella">Goldstripe sardinella</a> </th> <td><i>Sardinella gibbosa</i> <small>(Bleeker, 1849)</small> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2.85 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" title="Least Concern"><img alt="Least Concern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-IUCNgibbosa_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCNgibbosa-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Round_sardinella" title="Round sardinella">Round sardinella</a> </th> <td><i>Sardinella aurita</i> <small>(Valenciennes, 1847)</small> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3.40 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" title="Least Concern"><img alt="Least Concern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-IUCNaurita_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCNaurita-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Madeiran_Sardinella" class="mw-redirect" title="Madeiran Sardinella">Madeiran sardinella</a> </th> <td><i>Sardinella maderensis</i> <small>(Lowe, 1839)</small> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3.20 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vulnerable_species" title="Vulnerable species"><img alt="Vulnerable" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VU_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-VU_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VU_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-VU_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VU_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-VU_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-IUCNmaderensis_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCNmaderensis-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Marquesan_sardinella" title="Marquesan sardinella">Marquesan sardinella</a> </th> <td><i>Sardinella marquesensis</i> <small>(Berry & Whitehead, 1968)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.9 </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2.90 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" title="Least Concern"><img alt="Least Concern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Dussumieria" title="Dussumieria">Dussumieria</a></i> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_sardine" title="Rainbow sardine">Rainbow sardine</a> </th> <td><i>Dussumieria acuta</i> <small>(Valenciennes, 1847)</small> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.9 </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3.40 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" title="Least Concern"><img alt="Least Concern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-IUCNdussumieria_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCNdussumieria-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sardinops-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sardinops_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sardinops_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sardinops_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">There are four distinct <a href="/wiki/Fish_stocks" title="Fish stocks">stocks</a> in the genus <i>Sardinops</i>, widely separated by geography. The FAO treats these stocks as separate species, while FishBase treats them as one species, <i>Sardinops sagax</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sardina_pilchardus_Gervais.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The European pilchard, Sardina pilchardus"><img alt="The European pilchard, Sardina pilchardus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sardina_pilchardus_Gervais.jpg/328px-Sardina_pilchardus_Gervais.jpg" decoding="async" width="219" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sardina_pilchardus_Gervais.jpg/492px-Sardina_pilchardus_Gervais.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sardina_pilchardus_Gervais.jpg/656px-Sardina_pilchardus_Gervais.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="403" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> The <a href="/wiki/European_pilchard" title="European pilchard">European pilchard</a>, <i>Sardina pilchardus</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 213.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 211.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sardinops_sagax.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="In the 1980s the South American pilchard, Sardinops sagax, was the most intensively fished species of sardine. Some major stocks declined precipitously in the 1990s (see chart below)."><img alt="In the 1980s the South American pilchard, Sardinops sagax, was the most intensively fished species of sardine. Some major stocks declined precipitously in the 1990s (see chart below)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sardinops_sagax.jpg/317px-Sardinops_sagax.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sardinops_sagax.jpg/475px-Sardinops_sagax.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sardinops_sagax.jpg/634px-Sardinops_sagax.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="379" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> In the 1980s the <a href="/wiki/South_American_pilchard" class="mw-redirect" title="South American pilchard">South American pilchard</a>, <i>Sardinops sagax</i>, was the most intensively fished species of sardine. Some major <a href="/wiki/Fish_stocks" title="Fish stocks">stocks</a> declined precipitously in the 1990s (see chart below).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 187.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sardinops_sagax_caerulea.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Pacific sardine, Sardinops sagax caerulea"><img alt="The Pacific sardine, Sardinops sagax caerulea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Sardinops_sagax_caerulea.png" decoding="async" width="188" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> The <a href="/wiki/Pacific_sardine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific sardine">Pacific sardine</a>, <i>Sardinops sagax caerulea</i></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Feeding">Feeding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Feeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sardines feed almost exclusively on <a href="/wiki/Zooplankton" title="Zooplankton">zooplankton</a>, (lit. "animal plankton"), and congregate wherever this is abundant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fisheries">Fisheries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fisheries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Global capture of sardines in tonnes reported by the <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Time_series_for_global_capture_of_Sardinops_sardines.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Time_series_for_global_capture_of_Sardinops_sardines.png/300px-Time_series_for_global_capture_of_Sardinops_sardines.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Time_series_for_global_capture_of_Sardinops_sardines.png/450px-Time_series_for_global_capture_of_Sardinops_sardines.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Time_series_for_global_capture_of_Sardinops_sardines.png/600px-Time_series_for_global_capture_of_Sardinops_sardines.png 2x" data-file-width="1193" data-file-height="623" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Sardines of the genus <i>Sardinops</i>, 1950–2010<sup id="cite_ref-FAOdata_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAOdata-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Time_series_for_global_capture_of_non-Sardinops_sardines.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Time_series_for_global_capture_of_non-Sardinops_sardines.png/300px-Time_series_for_global_capture_of_non-Sardinops_sardines.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Time_series_for_global_capture_of_non-Sardinops_sardines.png/450px-Time_series_for_global_capture_of_non-Sardinops_sardines.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Time_series_for_global_capture_of_non-Sardinops_sardines.png/600px-Time_series_for_global_capture_of_non-Sardinops_sardines.png 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Sardines not of the genus <i>Sardinops</i>, 1950–2010<sup id="cite_ref-FAOdata_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAOdata-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Typically, sardines are caught with <a href="/wiki/Encircling_net" class="mw-redirect" title="Encircling net">encircling nets</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Purse_seine" class="mw-redirect" title="Purse seine">purse seines</a>. Many modifications of encircling nets are used, including <a href="/wiki/Fish_trap" title="Fish trap">traps</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fishing_weir" title="Fishing weir">fishing weirs</a>. The latter are stationary enclosures composed of stakes into which schools of sardines are diverted as they swim along the coast. The fish are caught mainly at night, when they approach the surface to feed on <a href="/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton">plankton</a>. After harvesting, the fish are submerged in <a href="/wiki/Brine" title="Brine">brine</a> while they are transported to shore. </p><p>Sardines are commercially fished for a variety of uses: for bait; for immediate consumption; for drying, salting, or smoking; and for reduction into <a href="/wiki/Fish_meal" title="Fish meal">fish meal</a> or oil. The chief use of sardines is for human consumption, but fish meal is used as animal feed, while sardine oil has many uses, including the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">paint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varnish" title="Varnish">varnish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Linoleum" title="Linoleum">linoleum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Food_and_nutrition">Food and nutrition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Food and nutrition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sardines_as_food" title="Sardines as food">Sardines as food</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Pacific sardines canned in tomato sauce, drained solids with bone</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">774 kJ (185 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.54 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">10.4 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">20.9 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 0.044 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">18%</div> 0.233 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">26%</div> 4.2 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">5</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">15%</div> 0.73 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 0.123 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 24 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">12</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">375%</div> 9 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">18%</div> 240 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">13%</div> 2.3 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">8%</div> 34 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">9%</div> 0.206 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">29%</div> 366 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">11%</div> 341 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">18%</div> 414 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">13%</div> 1.4 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">66.9 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/175140/nutrients">Link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sardines are commonly consumed by humans as a source of <a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">protein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omega-3_fatty_acid" title="Omega-3 fatty acid">omega-3 fatty acids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Micronutrient" title="Micronutrient">micronutrients</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-harvard_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvard-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sardines may be grilled, pickled, smoked, or preserved in cans. </p><p>Canned sardines are 67% water, 21% protein, 10% <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a>, and contain negligible <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a> (table). In a reference amount of 100 g (3.5 oz), canned sardines supply 185 <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">calories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">food energy</a> and are a rich source (20% or more of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a>, DV) of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">vitamin B12</a> (375% DV), <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphorus</a> (29% DV), and <a href="/wiki/Niacin" title="Niacin">niacin</a> (26% DV) (table). Sardines are a moderate source (10–19% DV) of the <a href="/wiki/B_vitamins" title="B vitamins">B vitamins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">riboflavin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">pantothenic acid</a>, and several <a href="/wiki/Dietary_minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary minerals">dietary minerals</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> (18% DV each) (table). A 100 g serving of canned sardines supplies about 7 g combined of <a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">monounsaturated</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fat" title="Polyunsaturated fat">polyunsaturated fatty acids</a> (USDA source in table). </p><p>Because they are low in the food chain, sardines are low in contaminants, such as <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a>, relative to <a href="/wiki/Mercury_in_fish" title="Mercury in fish">other fish</a> commonly eaten by humans,<sup id="cite_ref-harvard_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvard-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and have a relatively low impact in production of <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gases</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-harvard_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvard-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_sardine_fishing_in_the_UK">History of sardine fishing in the UK</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History of sardine fishing in the UK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pilchard fishing and processing became a thriving industry in <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> from around 1750 to around 1880, after which it went into decline. Catches varied from year to year, and in 1871, the catch was 47,000 <a href="/wiki/Hogsheads" class="mw-redirect" title="Hogsheads">hogsheads</a>, while in 1877, only 9,477 hogsheads. A hogshead contained 2,300 to 4,000 pilchards, and when filled with pressed pilchards, weighed 476 lbs. The pilchards were mostly exported to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> countries such as <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, where they are known as <i>fermades</i>. The chief market for the oil was <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, where it was used on machinery.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1997, sardines from Cornwall have been sold as 'Cornish sardines', and since March 2010, under EU law, Cornish sardines have <a href="/wiki/Protected_Geographical_Status" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected Geographical Status">Protected Geographical Status</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DOOR-SDN_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOOR-SDN-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The industry has featured in numerous works of art, particularly by <a href="/wiki/Stanhope_Forbes" title="Stanhope Forbes">Stanhope Forbes</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Newlyn_School" title="Newlyn School">Newlyn School</a> artists. </p><p>The traditional "Toast to Pilchards" refers to the lucrative export of the fish to Catholic Europe: </p> <dl><dd>Here's health to the Pope, may he live to repent</dd> <dd>And add just six months to the term of his <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></dd> <dd>And tell all his vassals from Rome to the <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a>,</dd> <dd>There's nothing like pilchards for saving their souls!<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_sardine_fishing_in_the_United_States">History of sardine fishing in the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History of sardine fishing in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, the sardine <a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">canning</a> industry peaked in the 1950s. Since then, the industry has been on the decline. The canneries in <a href="/wiki/Monterey_Bay" title="Monterey Bay">Monterey Bay</a>, in what was known as <a href="/wiki/Cannery_Row" title="Cannery Row">Cannery Row</a> in <a href="/wiki/Monterey_County,_California" title="Monterey County, California">Monterey County, California</a> (where <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cannery_Row_(novel)" title="Cannery Row (novel)">novel of the same name</a> was set), failed in the mid-1950s. The last large sardine cannery in the United States, the Stinson Seafood plant in <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Harbor" title="Prospect Harbor">Prospect Harbor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, closed its doors on 15 April 2010 after 135 years in operation.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2015 the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Fishery_Management_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Fishery Management Council">Pacific Fishery Management Council</a> voted to direct <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> Fisheries Service to halt the current commercial season in <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, because of a dramatic collapse in Pacific sardine stocks. The ban affected about 100 fishing boats with sardine permits, although far fewer were actively fishing at the time. The season normally would end 30 June.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ban was expected to last for more than a year, and was still in place as of May 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sardine&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The manner in which sardines can be packed in a can has led to the popular English language saying "packed like sardines", which is used metaphorically to describe situations where people or objects are crowded closely together.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>'Sardines' is also the name of a <a href="/wiki/Sardines_(game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardines (game)">children's game</a>, where one person hides and each successive person who finds the hidden one packs into the same space until only one is left out, who becomes the next one to hide.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the residents of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, the local tendency to exaggerate is linked to a <a href="/wiki/C%27est_la_sardine_qui_a_bouch%C3%A9_le_port_de_Marseille" title="C'est la sardine qui a bouché le port de Marseille">folk tale about a sardine</a> that supposedly blocked the city's port in the 18th century. It was actually blocked by a ship called the <i><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sartine_(1778)" title="HMS Sartine (1778)">Sartine</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="float:left;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sardines.ogv/315px--Sardines.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="210" height="140" data-durationhint="12" data-mwtitle="Sardines.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/Sardines.ogv/Sardines.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="720" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Sardines.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="720" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/Sardines.ogv/Sardines.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/Sardines.ogv/Sardines.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="540" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/Sardines.ogv/Sardines.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="540" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sardines use <a href="/wiki/Body-caudal_fin_locomotion" class="mw-redirect" title="Body-caudal fin locomotion">body-caudal fin locomotion</a> to swim, and <a href="/wiki/Streamlines,_streaklines,_and_pathlines" title="Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines">streamline</a> their bodies by holding their other <a href="/wiki/Fish_fin" title="Fish fin">fins</a> flat against the body</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_senneur_%22Oued_Souss%22_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="French sardine seiner"><img alt="French sardine seiner" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Le_senneur_%22Oued_Souss%22_%281%29.JPG/315px-Le_senneur_%22Oued_Souss%22_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Le_senneur_%22Oued_Souss%22_%281%29.JPG/473px-Le_senneur_%22Oued_Souss%22_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Le_senneur_%22Oued_Souss%22_%281%29.JPG/630px-Le_senneur_%22Oued_Souss%22_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French sardine <a href="/wiki/Seiner" class="mw-redirect" title="Seiner">seiner</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sardine_canner,_Maine_State_Museum_at_Augusta_IMG_1987.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Exhibit of a woman canning sardines at the Maine State Museum in Augusta"><img alt="Exhibit of a woman canning sardines at the Maine State Museum in Augusta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sardine_canner%2C_Maine_State_Museum_at_Augusta_IMG_1987.JPG/315px-Sardine_canner%2C_Maine_State_Museum_at_Augusta_IMG_1987.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sardine_canner%2C_Maine_State_Museum_at_Augusta_IMG_1987.JPG/473px-Sardine_canner%2C_Maine_State_Museum_at_Augusta_IMG_1987.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sardine_canner%2C_Maine_State_Museum_at_Augusta_IMG_1987.JPG/630px-Sardine_canner%2C_Maine_State_Museum_at_Augusta_IMG_1987.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exhibit of a woman canning sardines at the <a href="/wiki/Maine_State_Museum" title="Maine State Museum">Maine State Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta</a></div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Antennarius_striatus.jpg/32px-Antennarius_striatus.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Antennarius_striatus.jpg/48px-Antennarius_striatus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Antennarius_striatus.jpg/64px-Antennarius_striatus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="209" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Fish" title="Portal:Fish">Fish portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg/32px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg/48px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg/64px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1315" data-file-height="1039" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Marine_life" title="Portal:Marine life">Marine life portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chasse-mar%C3%A9e" title="Chasse-marée">Chasse-marée</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardine_run" title="Sardine run">Sardine run</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FAOdata-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FAOdata_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAOdata_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAOdata_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090508190513/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/search/en">"FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture – FI fact sheet search"</a>. <i>fao.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/search/en">the original</a> on 8 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fao.org&rft.atitle=FAO+Fisheries+%26+Aquaculture+%E2%80%93+FI+fact+sheet+search&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2Fspecies%2Fsearch%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2004/jun/oilyfishdefinition">"What's an oily fish?"</a>. Food Standards Agency. 24 June 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20101210005807/http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2004/jun/oilyfishdefinition">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What%27s+an+oily+fish%3F&rft.date=2004-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.food.gov.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewsarchive%2F2004%2Fjun%2Foilyfishdefinition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110822044142/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=sardine">"Sardine | Origin and meaning of sardine by Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. <i>etymonline.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=sardine">the original</a> on 22 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=etymonline.com&rft.atitle=Sardine+%7C+Origin+and+meaning+of+sardine+by+Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dsardine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbcgoodfood.com/content/knowhow/glossary/sardine/">"Sardine"</a>. <i>The Good Food Glossary</i>. BBC Worldwide. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012193334/http://www.bbcgoodfood.com/content/knowhow/glossary/sardine">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Good+Food+Glossary&rft.atitle=Sardine&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbcgoodfood.com%2Fcontent%2Fknowhow%2Fglossary%2Fsardine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etimo.it/?term=sardina">"Sarda, Sardina"</a>. <i>Dizionario Etimologico Online</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dizionario+Etimologico+Online&rft.atitle=Sarda%2C+Sardina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etimo.it%2F%3Fterm%3Dsardina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seafish-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-seafish_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722073347/http://www.seafish.org/resources/details.asp?id=238&i=13">"FAQs"</a>. Seafish. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seafish.org/resources/details.asp?id=238&i=13">the original</a> on 22 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQs&rft.pub=Seafish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seafish.org%2Fresources%2Fdetails.asp%3Fid%3D238%26i%3D13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStummer,_Robin2003" class="citation news cs1">Stummer, Robin (17 August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/who-are-you-calling-pilchard-its-cornish-sardine-to-you-536136.html">"Who are you calling pilchard? It's 'Cornish sardine' to you..."</a> <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100912070106/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/who-are-you-calling-pilchard-its-cornish-sardine-to-you-536136.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Who+are+you+calling+pilchard%3F+It%27s+%27Cornish+sardine%27+to+you...&rft.date=2003-08-17&rft.au=Stummer%2C+Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Fwho-are-you-calling-pilchard-its-cornish-sardine-to-you-536136.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-codex-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-codex_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.codexalimentarius.net/download/standards/108/CXS_094e.pdf">"Codex standard for canned sardines and sardine-type products codex stan 94 –1981 REV. 1–1995"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Codex Alimentarius</i>. FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission. pp. 1–7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070325224831/http://www.codexalimentarius.net/download/standards/108/CXS_094e.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Codex+Alimentarius&rft.atitle=Codex+standard+for+canned+sardines+and+sardine-type+products+codex+stan+94+%E2%80%931981+REV.+1%E2%80%931995&rft.pages=1-7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.codexalimentarius.net%2Fdownload%2Fstandards%2F108%2FCXS_094e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sardine">"sardine"</a>. <i>Wiktionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wiktionary&rft.atitle=sardine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wiktionary.org%2Fwiki%2Fsardine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/lsj/#eid=95990">"σαρδίνη"</a>. <i>The Online Liddell-Scott-Jones Greek-English Lexicon</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512001517/http://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/lsj/#eid=95990">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Online+Liddell-Scott-Jones+Greek-English+Lexicon&rft.atitle=%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstephanus.tlg.uci.edu%2Flsj%2F%23eid%3D95990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-etymonline-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-etymonline_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-etymonline_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/sardine">"sardine (n.)"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190421175724/https://www.etymonline.com/word/sardine">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=sardine+%28n.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fsardine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Sard" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Sard">Sard</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sard&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/ved/s/sardius-sardine.html">"Sardius, Sardine"</a>. <i>Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words (1940), hosted at StudyLight.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vine%27s+Expository+Dictionary+of+NT+Words+%281940%29%2C+hosted+at+StudyLight.org.&rft.atitle=Sardius%2C+Sardine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.studylight.org%2Fdictionaries%2Fved%2Fs%2Fsardius-sardine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8kIFAAAAQAAJ&q=sardines&pg=PA155">"The Cottage Bonnet"</a>. <i>The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction: Containing Original Papers</i> (1075): 155. 4 September 1841.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Mirror+of+Literature%2C+Amusement%2C+and+Instruction%3A+Containing+Original+Papers&rft.atitle=The+Cottage+Bonnet&rft.issue=1075&rft.pages=155&rft.date=1841-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8kIFAAAAQAAJ%26q%3Dsardines%26pg%3DPA155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Kock1879" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Paul_de_Kock" title="Charles Paul de Kock">de Kock, Paul</a> (1879) [1829]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k56570838/f1.image.vertical"><i>La femme, le mari, et l'amant</i></a> (in French). Sceaux, Paris: Imprimerie de Charaire et fils. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+femme%2C+le+mari%2C+et+l%27amant&rft.place=Sceaux%2C+Paris&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Imprimerie+de+Charaire+et+fils&rft.date=1879&rft.aulast=de+Kock&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k56570838%2Ff1.image.vertical&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLippard1849" class="citation book cs1">Lippard, George (1849) [1845]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=10NHAQAAMAAJ&q=sardines&pg=PA222"><i>The Quaker City, Or, The Monks of Monk-Hall: A Romance of Philadelphia Life, Mystery, and Crime</i></a>. Philadelphia: T. B. Peterson & Brothers. p. 222.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quaker+City%2C+Or%2C+The+Monks+of+Monk-Hall%3A+A+Romance+of+Philadelphia+Life%2C+Mystery%2C+and+Crime&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=222&rft.pub=T.+B.+Peterson+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1849&rft.aulast=Lippard&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D10NHAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dsardines%26pg%3DPA222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanot1854" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Canot" title="Théodore Canot">Canot, Théodore</a> (September 1854). <a href="/wiki/Brantz_Mayer" title="Brantz Mayer">Mayer, Brantz</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_LABAAAAQAAJ&q=sardines+can&pg=PA61">"Revelations of a slave trader; or Twenty years' adventures of Captain Canot"</a>. London: Richard Bentley. p. 61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revelations+of+a+slave+trader%3B+or+Twenty+years%27+adventures+of+Captain+Canot&rft.place=London&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Richard+Bentley&rft.date=1854-09&rft.aulast=Canot&rft.aufirst=Th%C3%A9odore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_LABAAAAQAAJ%26q%3Dsardines%2Bcan%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span>, although this is a free rendering from the French original "...il fallut...les entassér commes des sardines." (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanot1860" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Canot, Théodore (1860) [1854]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vingtannesdela00conn/page/n95/mode/2up?q=sardines"><i>Le capitaine Canot, ou vingt années de la vie d'un négrier</i></a> (in French). Paris: Amyot. p. 88.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+capitaine+Canot%2C+ou+vingt+ann%C3%A9es+de+la+vie+d%27un+n%C3%A9grier&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Amyot&rft.date=1860&rft.aulast=Canot&rft.aufirst=Th%C3%A9odore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvingtannesdela00conn%2Fpage%2Fn95%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dsardines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span>) where 'entassér' can mean 'to cram together.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Sardina&speciesname=pilchardus">"<i>Sardina pilchardus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Sardina+pilchardus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DSardina%26speciesname%3Dpilchardus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2910/en">"Species Fact Sheet: <i>Sardina pilchardus</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120725235323/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2910/en">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+Fact+Sheet%3A+Sardina+pilchardus&rft.pub=FAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2Fspecies%2F2910%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=161813">"Sardina pilchardus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sardina+pilchardus&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D161813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCNpilchardus-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCNpilchardus_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTousSidibéMbyede_Morais2015" class="citation journal cs1">Tous P, Sidibé A, Mbye E, de Morais L, Camara YH, Adeofe TA, Munroe T, Camara K, Cissoko K, Djiman R, Sagna A, Sylla M (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/198580/15542481">"European Pilchard – <i>Sardina pilchardus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2015</b>: e.T198580A15542481. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T198580A15542481.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T198580A15542481.en</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=European+Pilchard+%E2%80%93+Sardina+pilchardus&rft.volume=2015&rft.pages=e.T198580A15542481&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T198580A15542481.en&rft.aulast=Tous&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Sidib%C3%A9%2C+A&rft.au=Mbye%2C+E&rft.au=de+Morais%2C+L&rft.au=Camara%2C+YH&rft.au=Adeofe%2C+TA&rft.au=Munroe%2C+T&rft.au=Camara%2C+K&rft.au=Cissoko%2C+K&rft.au=Djiman%2C+R&rft.au=Sagna%2C+A&rft.au=Sylla%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F198580%2F15542481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Sardinops&speciesname=sagax">"<i>Sardinops sagax</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Sardinops+sagax&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DSardinops%26speciesname%3Dsagax&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729052256/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2091/en">"Species Fact Sheet: <i>Sardinops sagax</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2091/en">the original</a> on 29 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+Fact+Sheet%3A+Sardinops+sagax&rft.pub=FAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2Fspecies%2F2091%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=161729">"Sardinops sagax"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sardinops+sagax&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D161729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCNsagax-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCNsagax_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaughanDi_DarioHata2018" class="citation journal cs1">Gaughan D, Di Dario F, Hata H (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/183347/15602965">"<i>Sardinops sagax</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2018</b>: e.T183347A15602965<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Sardinops+sagax&rft.volume=2018&rft.pages=e.T183347A15602965&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Gaughan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Di+Dario%2C+F&rft.au=Hata%2C+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F183347%2F15602965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant1998" class="citation journal cs1">Grant, W. S.; et al. (1998). "Why restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of mitochondrial DNA failed to resolve sardine (<i>Sardinops</i>) biogeography: insights from mitochondrial DNA cytochrome <i>b</i> sequences". <i>Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences</i>. <b>55</b> (12): 2539–47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Ff98-127">10.1139/f98-127</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Why+restriction+fragment+length+polymorphism+analysis+of+mitochondrial+DNA+failed+to+resolve+sardine+%28Sardinops%29+biogeography%3A+insights+from+mitochondrial+DNA+cytochrome+b+sequences&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=2539-47&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2Ff98-127&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=W.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Sardinops&speciesname=melanostictus">"<i>Sardinops melanostictus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Sardinops+melanostictus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DSardinops%26speciesname%3Dmelanostictus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924144828/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2893/en">"Species Fact Sheet: <i>Sardinops melanostictus</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2893/en">the original</a> on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+Fact+Sheet%3A+Sardinops+melanostictus&rft.pub=FAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2Fspecies%2F2893%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=551222">"Sardinops melanostictus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sardinops+melanostictus&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D551222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Sardinops&speciesname=caeruleus">"<i>Sardinops caeruleus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Sardinops+caeruleus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DSardinops%26speciesname%3Dcaeruleus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121214052505/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2894/en">"Species Fact Sheet: <i>Sardinops caeruleus</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2894/en">the original</a> on 14 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+Fact+Sheet%3A+Sardinops+caeruleus&rft.pub=FAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2Fspecies%2F2894%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=161730">"Sardinops caeruleus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sardinops+caeruleus&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D161730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Sardinops&speciesname=ocellatus">"<i>Sardinops ocellatus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Sardinops+ocellatus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DSardinops%26speciesname%3Docellatus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2895/en">"Species Fact Sheet: <i>Sardinops ocellatus</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121213194340/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2895/en">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+Fact+Sheet%3A+Sardinops+ocellatus&rft.pub=FAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2Fspecies%2F2895%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=551224">"Sardinops ocellatus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sardinops+ocellatus&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D551224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Sardinella&speciesname=lemuru">"<i>Sardinella lemuru</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Sardinella+lemuru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DSardinella%26speciesname%3Dlemuru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121213194410/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2892/en">"Species Fact Sheet: <i>Sardinella lemuru</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2892/en">the original</a> on 13 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+Fact+Sheet%3A+Sardinella+lemuru&rft.pub=FAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2Fspecies%2F2892%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=551452">"Sardinella lemuru"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sardinella+lemuru&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D551452&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCNlemuru-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCNlemuru_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantos2018" class="citation journal cs1">Santos M (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/75154879/75154994">"Bali sardinella – <i>Sardinella lemuru</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2018</b>: e.T75154879A75154994<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Bali+sardinella+%E2%80%93+Sardinella+lemuru&rft.volume=2018&rft.pages=e.T75154879A75154994&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Santos&rft.aufirst=M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F75154879%2F75154994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Sardinella&speciesname=brasiliensis">"<i>Sardinella brasiliensis</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Sardinella+brasiliensis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DSardinella%26speciesname%3Dbrasiliensis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121107223208/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2090/en">"Species Fact Sheet: <i>Sardinella brasiliensis</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2090/en">the original</a> on 7 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+Fact+Sheet%3A+Sardinella+brasiliensis&rft.pub=FAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2Fspecies%2F2090%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=161764">"Sardinella brasiliensis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sardinella+brasiliensis&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D161764&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCNbrasiliensis-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCNbrasiliensis_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDi_Dario2018" class="citation journal cs1">Di Dario F (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/16466246/16510172">"Brazilian Sardinella – <i>Sardinella brasiliensis</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2018</b>: e.T16466246A16510172<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Brazilian+Sardinella+%E2%80%93+Sardinella+brasiliensis&rft.volume=2018&rft.pages=e.T16466246A16510172&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Di+Dario&rft.aufirst=F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F16466246%2F16510172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Sardinella&speciesname=zunasi">"<i>Sardinella zunasi</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Sardinella+zunasi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DSardinella%26speciesname%3Dzunasi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2891/en">"Species Fact Sheet: <i>Sardinella zunasi</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121213182401/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2891/en">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+Fact+Sheet%3A+Sardinella+zunasi&rft.pub=FAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2Fspecies%2F2891%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=551460">"Sardinella zunasi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sardinella+zunasi&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D551460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCNzunasi-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCNzunasi_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHataMunroeGaughanMohd_Arshaad2017" class="citation journal cs1">Hata H, Munroe TA, Gaughan D, Mohd Arshaad W (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/75155119/75155131">"<i>Sardinella zunasi</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2017</b>: e.T75155119A75155131. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T75155119A75155131.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T75155119A75155131.en</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Sardinella+zunasi&rft.volume=2017&rft.pages=e.T75155119A75155131&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T75155119A75155131.en&rft.aulast=Hata&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Munroe%2C+TA&rft.au=Gaughan%2C+D&rft.au=Mohd+Arshaad%2C+W&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F75155119%2F75155131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Sardinella&speciesname=longiceps">"<i>Sardinella longiceps</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Sardinella+longiceps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DSardinella%26speciesname%3Dlongiceps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2086/en">"Species Fact Sheet: <i>Sardinella longiceps</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120508062047/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2086/en">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+Fact+Sheet%3A+Sardinella+longiceps&rft.pub=FAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2Fspecies%2F2086%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=551453">"Sardinella longiceps"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sardinella+longiceps&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D551453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCNgladius-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCNgladius_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunroe_TAPriede_IG2010" class="citation journal cs1">Munroe TA; Priede IG (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/154989/55159768">"<i>Sardinella longiceps</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2010</b>: e.T154989A55159768. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T154989A55159768.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T154989A55159768.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Sardinella+longiceps&rft.volume=2010&rft.pages=e.T154989A55159768&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T154989A55159768.en&rft.au=Munroe+TA&rft.au=Priede+IG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F154989%2F55159768&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_iucn" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Cite iucn">cite iucn</a>}}: |volume= / |doi= mismatch, |date= / |doi= mismatch (<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_iucn#Maintenance_messages" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Cite iucn">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Sardinella&speciesname=gibbosa">"<i>Sardinella gibbosa</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Sardinella+gibbosa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DSardinella%26speciesname%3Dgibbosa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2085/en">"Species Fact Sheet: <i>Sardinella gibbosa</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121101234842/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2085/en">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+Fact+Sheet%3A+Sardinella+gibbosa&rft.pub=FAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2Fspecies%2F2085%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=551449">"Sardinella gibbosa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sardinella+gibbosa&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D551449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCNgibbosa-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCNgibbosa_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantosVillaraoTambihasanVillanueva2018" class="citation journal cs1">Santos M, Villarao MC, Tambihasan AM, Villanueva JA, Parido L, Lopez G, Deligero R, Alcantara M, Doyola MC, Gatlabayan LV, Buccat FGA, Lanzuela N, Belga PB, Gapuz AV, Al-Khalaf K, Kaymaram F (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/46075248/46664239">"Goldstripe Sardinella – <i>Sardinella gibbosa</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2018</b>: e.T46075248A46664239<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Goldstripe+Sardinella+%E2%80%93+Sardinella+gibbosa&rft.volume=2018&rft.pages=e.T46075248A46664239&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Santos&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Villarao%2C+MC&rft.au=Tambihasan%2C+AM&rft.au=Villanueva%2C+JA&rft.au=Parido%2C+L&rft.au=Lopez%2C+G&rft.au=Deligero%2C+R&rft.au=Alcantara%2C+M&rft.au=Doyola%2C+MC&rft.au=Gatlabayan%2C+LV&rft.au=Buccat+FGA&rft.au=Lanzuela%2C+N&rft.au=Belga%2C+PB&rft.au=Gapuz%2C+AV&rft.au=Al-Khalaf%2C+K&rft.au=Kaymaram%2C+F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F46075248%2F46664239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Sardinella&speciesname=aurita">"<i>Sardinella aurita</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Sardinella+aurita&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DSardinella%26speciesname%3Daurita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2088/en">"Species Fact Sheet: <i>Sardinella aurita</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121107221908/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2088/en">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+Fact+Sheet%3A+Sardinella+aurita&rft.pub=FAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2Fspecies%2F2088%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=161763">"Sardinella aurita"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sardinella+aurita&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D161763&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCNaurita-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCNaurita_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunroeBrownAikenGrijalba_Bendeck2017" class="citation journal cs1">Munroe T, Brown J, Aiken KA, Grijalba Bendeck L (2017) [errata version of 2015 assessment]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/198581/115340607">"Round Sardinella – <i>Sardinella aurita</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2015</b>: e.T198581A115340607. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T198581A15542908.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T198581A15542908.en</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Round+Sardinella+%E2%80%93+Sardinella+aurita&rft.volume=2015&rft.pages=e.T198581A115340607&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T198581A15542908.en&rft.aulast=Munroe&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Brown%2C+J&rft.au=Aiken%2C+KA&rft.au=Grijalba+Bendeck%2C+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F198581%2F115340607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Sardinella&speciesname=maderensis">"<i>Sardinella maderensis</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Sardinella+maderensis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DSardinella%26speciesname%3Dmaderensis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2089/en">"Species Fact Sheet: <i>Sardinella maderensis</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121214052117/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2089/en">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+Fact+Sheet%3A+Sardinella+maderensis&rft.pub=FAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2Fspecies%2F2089%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=161767">"Sardinella maderensis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sardinella+maderensis&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D161767&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCNmaderensis-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCNmaderensis_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTousSidibéMbyede_Morais2015" class="citation journal cs1">Tous P, Sidibé A, Mbye E, de Morais L, Camara K, Munroe T, Adeofe TA, Camara YH, Djiman R, Sagna A, Sylla M (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/198582/15543624">"Madeiran Sardinella – <i>Sardinella madeirensis</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2015</b>: e.T198582A15543624. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T198582A15543624.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T198582A15543624.en</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Madeiran+Sardinella+%E2%80%93+Sardinella+madeirensis&rft.volume=2015&rft.pages=e.T198582A15543624&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T198582A15543624.en&rft.aulast=Tous&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Sidib%C3%A9%2C+A&rft.au=Mbye%2C+E&rft.au=de+Morais%2C+L&rft.au=Camara%2C+K&rft.au=Munroe%2C+T&rft.au=Adeofe%2C+TA&rft.au=Camara%2C+YH&rft.au=Djiman%2C+R&rft.au=Sagna%2C+A&rft.au=Sylla%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F198582%2F15543624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Sardinella&speciesname=marquesensis">"<i>Sardinella marquesensis</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. 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April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Dussumieria+acuta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DDussumieria%26speciesname%3Dacuta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2900/en">"Species Fact Sheet: <i>Dussumieria acuta</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121213202105/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2900/en">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Daily+Value+on+the+Nutrition+and+Supplement+Facts+Labels&rft.date=2024&rft.au=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Ffood%2Fnutrition-facts-label%2Fdaily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_MedicineHealth_and_Medicine_DivisionFood_and_Nutrition_BoardCommittee_to_Review_the_Dietary_Reference_Intakes_for_Sodium_and_Potassium2019" class="citation book cs1">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mercury+Levels+in+Commercial+Fish+and+Shellfish&rft.pub=U+S+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.date=2009-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2FFood%2FFoodSafety%2FProduct-SpecificInformation%2FSeafood%2FFoodbornePathogensContaminants%2FMethylmercury%2Fucm115644.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckland1880" class="citation news cs1">Buckland, Frank (26 February 1880). "Our Fisheries". <i>The Cornishman</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Directory+of+PGI%2FPDO%2FTSG+%E2%80%93+Cornish+Sardines+profile&rft.pub=EC%2C+Agriculture+and+Rural+Development&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fagriculture%2Fquality%2Fdoor%2FregisteredName.html%3FdenominationId%3D2122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRawe1992" class="citation book cs1">Rawe, Donald R (1992). <i>Traditional Cornish Stories and Rhymes</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Last+sardine+plant+in+U.S.+shuts+its+doors&rft.date=2010-04-15&rft.au=Canfield%2C+Clarke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2F36503650&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.northcountrypublicradio.org/news/npr/400177895/feds-cancel-commercial-sardine-fishing-after-stocks-crash">"Feds Cancel Commercial Sardine Fishing After Stocks Crash"</a>. <i>North Country Public Radio, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York</i>. 16 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=North+Country+Public+Radio%2C+St.+Lawrence+University%2C+Canton%2C+New+York&rft.atitle=Feds+Cancel+Commercial+Sardine+Fishing+After+Stocks+Crash&rft.date=2015-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.northcountrypublicradio.org%2Fnews%2Fnpr%2F400177895%2Ffeds-cancel-commercial-sardine-fishing-after-stocks-crash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/pacific-sardine">"Pacific Sardine"</a>. <i>NOAA Fisheries</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NOAA+Fisheries&rft.atitle=Pacific+Sardine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fisheries.noaa.gov%2Fspecies%2Fpacific-sardine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021901/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/packed_like_sardines">"packed like sardines | Definition of packed like sardines in English by Oxford Dictionaries"</a>. <i>Oxford Dictionaries | English</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/packed_like_sardines">the original</a> on 11 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionaries+%7C+English&rft.atitle=packed+like+sardines+%7C+Definition+of+packed+like+sardines+in+English+by+Oxford+Dictionaries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fpacked_like_sardines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129120921/http://itpedia.nyu.edu/wiki/Stinky_Sardine_Club">"Stinky Sardine Club – ITPedia"</a>. Itpedia.nyu.edu. 9 April 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://itpedia.nyu.edu/wiki/Stinky_Sardine_Club">the original</a> on 29 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stinky+Sardine+Club+%E2%80%93+ITPedia&rft.pub=Itpedia.nyu.edu&rft.date=2010-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fitpedia.nyu.edu%2Fwiki%2FStinky_Sardine_Club&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParrish1989" class="citation journal cs1">Parrish, R. H.; et al. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swfsc.noaa.gov/publications/CR/1989/8950.PDF">"The monotypic sardines, <i>Sardina</i> and <i>Sardinops</i>: Their taxonomy, distribution, stock structure, and zoogeography"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci</i>. <b>46</b> (11): 2019–36. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Ff89-251">10.1139/f89-251</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Can.+J.+Fish.+Aquat.+Sci.&rft.atitle=The+monotypic+sardines%2C+Sardina+and+Sardinops%3A+Their+taxonomy%2C+distribution%2C+stock+structure%2C+and+zoogeography&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=2019-36&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2Ff89-251&rft.aulast=Parrish&rft.aufirst=R.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fswfsc.noaa.gov%2Fpublications%2FCR%2F1989%2F8950.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sardine" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Sardine">Sardine</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706013151/http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/SeafoodWatch/web/sfw_factsheet.aspx?fid=62">Sardines</a> – <a href="/wiki/Seafood_Watch" title="Seafood Watch">Seafood Watch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monterey_Bay_Aquarium" title="Monterey Bay Aquarium">Monterey Bay Aquarium</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sardines_(pilchards)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sardines" title="Template:Sardines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sardines" title="Template talk:Sardines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sardines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sardines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sardines_(pilchards)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sardines</a> (pilchards)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bali_sardinella" class="mw-redirect" title="Bali sardinella">Bali sardinella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_sardinella" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian sardinella">Brazilian sardinella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldstripe_sardinella" title="Goldstripe sardinella">Goldstripe sardinella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_sardinella" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese sardinella">Japanese sardinella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeiran_sardinella" class="mw-redirect" title="Madeiran sardinella">Madeiran sardinella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_sardinella" title="Round sardinella">Round sardinella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_pilchard" class="mw-redirect" title="South American pilchard">South American pilchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_pilchard" title="European pilchard">European pilchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_pilchard" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese pilchard">Japanese pilchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_pilchard" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern African pilchard">Southern African pilchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_oil_sardine" title="Indian oil sardine">Indian oil sardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_sardine" title="Rainbow sardine">Rainbow sardine</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sardina_pilchardus_Gervais.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="European pilchard"><img alt="European pilchard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sardina_pilchardus_Gervais.jpg/140px-Sardina_pilchardus_Gervais.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sardina_pilchardus_Gervais.jpg/210px-Sardina_pilchardus_Gervais.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sardina_pilchardus_Gervais.jpg/280px-Sardina_pilchardus_Gervais.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="403" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ecology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sardine_run" title="Sardine run">Sardine run</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culinary use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sardines_as_food" title="Sardines as food">As food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canned_sardines" class="mw-redirect" title="Canned sardines">Canned sardines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargazy_pie" title="Stargazy pie">Stargazy pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niboshi" title="Niboshi">Niboshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xouba" title="Xouba">Xouba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hide-and-seek" title="Hide-and-seek">Sardines (game)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entierro_de_la_Sardina" title="Entierro de la Sardina">Entierro de la Sardina</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Burial_of_the_Sardine" title="The Burial of the Sardine">The Burial of the Sardine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Forage_fish" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Forage_fish" title="Template:Forage fish"><abbr 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovies" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchovies">Anchovies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilisha_(genus)" title="Ilisha (genus)">Ilisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel" title="Mackerel">mackerel (small)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhaden" title="Menhaden">menhaden</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">sardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shad" class="mw-redirect" title="Shad">shad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprat" title="Sprat">sprats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capelin" title="Capelin">Capelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldband_fusilier" title="Goldband fusilier">goldband fusilier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfbeak" title="Halfbeak">halfbeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smelt_(fish)" title="Smelt (fish)">smelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill" title="Krill">krill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">squid (small)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moofushi_Kandu_fish.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Predator bluefin trevally sizing up schooling anchovies"><img alt="Predator bluefin trevally sizing up schooling anchovies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Moofushi_Kandu_fish.jpg/140px-Moofushi_Kandu_fish.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Moofushi_Kandu_fish.jpg/210px-Moofushi_Kandu_fish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Moofushi_Kandu_fish.jpg/280px-Moofushi_Kandu_fish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Freshwater</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px"><a href="/wiki/Minnow" title="Minnow">Minnow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leuciscidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Leuciscidae">Leuciscidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dace" title="Dace">dace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiner_(fish)" title="Shiner (fish)">shiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_roach" title="Common roach">Common roach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">Carp (small)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killifish" title="Killifish">killifish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_mosquitofish" title="Eastern mosquitofish">mosquitofish</a></li> <li>herrings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_herring" class="mw-redirect" title="River herring">river herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alewives" class="mw-redirect" title="Alewives">alewives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catostomidae" title="Catostomidae">sucker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bait_ball" title="Bait ball">Bait ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bait_fish" title="Bait fish">Bait fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeder_fish" title="Feeder fish">Feeder fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_migration" title="Fish migration">Fish migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filter_feeder" title="Filter feeder">Filter feeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Food fish">Food fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyoplankton" title="Ichthyoplankton">Ichthyoplankton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juvenile_fish" title="Juvenile fish">Juvenile fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predator_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Predator fish">Predator fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardine_run" title="Sardine run">Sardine run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoaling_and_schooling" title="Shoaling and schooling">Shoaling and schooling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Principal_commercial_fishery_species_groups" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Template:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Template talk:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Principal_commercial_fishery_species_groups" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Principal commercial <a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">fishery</a> species groups</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">Wild</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pelagic_fish" title="Pelagic fish">Large pelagic fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel" title="Mackerel">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">Tuna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albacore" title="Albacore">albacore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigeye_tuna" title="Bigeye tuna">bigeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_bluefin_tuna" title="Atlantic bluefin tuna">Atlantic bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_bluefin_tuna" title="Pacific bluefin tuna">Pacific bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_bluefin_tuna" title="Southern bluefin tuna">southern bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skipjack_tuna" title="Skipjack tuna">skipjack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowfin_tuna" title="Yellowfin tuna">yellowfin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">Forage fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy" title="Anchovy">Anchovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capelin" title="Capelin">Capelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilish" title="Ilish">Ilish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhaden" title="Menhaden">Menhaden</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sardines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_saury" title="Pacific saury">Saury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shad" class="mw-redirect" title="Shad">Shad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprat" title="Sprat">Sprat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_sprat" title="European sprat">european</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">Demersal fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catfish" title="Catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">Cod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_cod" title="Atlantic cod">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_cod" title="Pacific cod">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_pollock" title="Alaska pollock">Alaska pollock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatfish" title="Flatfish">Flatfish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flounder" title="Flounder">flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaice" title="Plaice">plaice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(fish)" title="Sole (fish)">sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbot" title="Turbot">turbot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddock" title="Haddock">Haddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullet_(fish)" title="Mullet (fish)">Mullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_roughy" title="Orange roughy">Orange roughy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollock" title="Pollock">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastes" title="Sebastes">Rockfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillaginidae" title="Sillaginidae">Smelt-whitings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Toothfish">Toothfish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_fish" title="Freshwater fish">Freshwater fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon" title="Sturgeon">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">Trout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild fish">Other wild fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eel" title="Eel">Eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitebait" title="Whitebait">Whitebait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_fish" title="Category:Commercial fish">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">Crustaceans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill" title="Krill">Krill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster" title="Lobster">Lobster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">Shrimp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prawn" title="Prawn">Prawns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_crustaceans" title="Category:Commercial crustaceans">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mollusc" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusc">Molluscs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus" title="Octopus">Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">Squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_molluscs" title="Category:Commercial molluscs">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">Echinoderms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumber" title="Sea cucumber">Sea cucumbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_echinoderms" title="Category:Commercial echinoderms">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fisheries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cod_fisheries" title="Cod fisheries">Cod fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_fisheries" title="Crab fisheries">Crab fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill_fishery" title="Krill fishery">Krill fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_fishing" title="Lobster fishing">Lobster fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_fishery" title="Shrimp fishery">Shrimp fishery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_cod.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Atlantic cod"><img alt="Atlantic cod" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/140px-Atlantic_cod.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/210px-Atlantic_cod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/280px-Atlantic_cod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="255" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lobster_(PSF).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lobster"><img alt="Lobster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/100px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/150px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/200px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2821" data-file-height="1748" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_oysters_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pacific oysters"><img alt="Pacific oysters" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/80px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/120px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/160px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="1282" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Farmed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp#Aquaculture" title="Carp">Carp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bighead_carp" title="Bighead carp">bighead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_carp" title="Common carp">common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucian_carp" title="Crucian carp">crucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_carp" title="Grass carp">grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_carp" title="Silver carp">silver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_catfish" title="Aquaculture of catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_prawn_farming" title="Freshwater prawn farming">Freshwater prawns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilt-head_bream" title="Gilt-head bream">Gilt-head bream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel#Aquaculture" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_farming" title="Oyster farming">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_salmon" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaculture of salmon">Salmon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_salmon" title="Atlantic salmon">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_trout" title="Rainbow trout">salmon trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coho_salmon" title="Coho salmon">coho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinook_salmon" title="Chinook salmon">chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop_aquaculture" title="Scallop aquaculture">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaweed_farming" title="Seaweed farming">Seaweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_shrimp_farming" title="Marine shrimp farming">Shrimp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" title="Aquaculture of tilapia">Tilapia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_fish_production" class="mw-redirect" title="World fish production">World fish production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commercially_important_fish_species" title="List of commercially important fish species">Commercial species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fishing_topics_by_subject" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fishing topics by subject">Fishing topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_glossary" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisheries glossary">Fisheries glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141254#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a 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