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Assessment and management of vitamin status in children with CKD stages 2-5, on dialysis and post-transplantation: clinical practice points from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce - PubMed

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class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"> <label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="h0yOHbVOHuF0A0LdGvu4hd7ewDkhLb3lcicbPGJKrQPbQlvIxWipP5XU144mVw4D"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="h0yOHbVOHuF0A0LdGvu4hd7ewDkhLb3lcicbPGJKrQPbQlvIxWipP5XU144mVw4D"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="h0yOHbVOHuF0A0LdGvu4hd7ewDkhLb3lcicbPGJKrQPbQlvIxWipP5XU144mVw4D"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="h0yOHbVOHuF0A0LdGvu4hd7ewDkhLb3lcicbPGJKrQPbQlvIxWipP5XU144mVw4D"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="38570350"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a 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data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="h0yOHbVOHuF0A0LdGvu4hd7ewDkhLb3lcicbPGJKrQPbQlvIxWipP5XU144mVw4D"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" 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aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)" data-pinger-ignore> Pediatr Nephrol </button><div id="full-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Pediatr+Nephrol%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Pediatr+Nephrol%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&amp;journal_abbrev=Pediatr Nephrol" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Pediatr Nephrol"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Pediatr+Nephrol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Pediatr Nephrol"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Pediatr Nephrol"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Pediatr Nephrol"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2024 Oct;39(10):3103-3124.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1007/s00467-024-06303-x. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2024 Apr 4. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Assessment and management of vitamin status in children with CKD stages 2-5, on dialysis and post-transplantation: clinical practice points from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Anderson+CE&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Caroline E Anderson">Caroline E Anderson</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK. caroline.anderson@uhs.nhs.uk." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Human Development &amp; Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. caroline.anderson@uhs.nhs.uk." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University of Winchester, Winchester, UK. caroline.anderson@uhs.nhs.uk." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Tuokkola+J&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jetta Tuokkola">Jetta Tuokkola</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Clinical Nutrition Unit, Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Qizalbash+L&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Leila Qizalbash">Leila Qizalbash</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Great Northern Children&#x27;s Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Harmer+M&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Matthew Harmer">Matthew Harmer</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nelms+CL&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christina L Nelms">Christina L Nelms</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Children&#x27;s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 9 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Stabouli+S&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Stella Stabouli">Stella Stabouli</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1st Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University, Hippokratio Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece." href="#full-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Toole+B&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Barry Toole">Barry Toole</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Great Northern Children&#x27;s Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Polderman+N&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Nonnie Polderman">Nonnie Polderman</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="British Columbia Children&#x27;s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Desloovere+A&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="An Desloovere">An Desloovere</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium." href="#full-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Renken-Terhaerdt+J&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jose Renken-Terhaerdt">Jose Renken-Terhaerdt</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Wilhemina Children&#x27;s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands." href="#full-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Vega+MRW&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Molly R Wong Vega">Molly R Wong Vega</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Texas Children&#x27;s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-14" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 14 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Snauwaert+E&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Evelien Snauwaert">Evelien Snauwaert</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium." href="#full-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Walle+JV&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Johan Vande Walle">Johan Vande Walle</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium." href="#full-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Haffner+D&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dieter Haffner">Dieter Haffner</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Hannover Medical School, Children&#x27;s Hospital, Hannover, Germany." href="#full-view-affiliation-15" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 15 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Paglialonga+F&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Fabio Paglialonga">Fabio Paglialonga</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Fondazione IRCCS Ca&#x27; Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy." href="#full-view-affiliation-16" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 16 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Shroff+R&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Rukshana Shroff">Rukshana Shroff</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University College London Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-17" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 17 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Shaw+V&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Vanessa Shaw">Vanessa Shaw</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University College London Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-17" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 17 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Greenbaum+LA&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Larry A Greenbaum">Larry A Greenbaum</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-18" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 18 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Children&#x27;s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-19" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 19 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Warady+BA&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Bradley A Warady">Bradley A Warady</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Children&#x27;s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 9 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/38570350/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK. caroline.anderson@uhs.nhs.uk.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2" id="full-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Human Development &amp; Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. caroline.anderson@uhs.nhs.uk.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3" id="full-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> University of Winchester, Winchester, UK. caroline.anderson@uhs.nhs.uk.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-4" id="full-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Clinical Nutrition Unit, Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-5" id="full-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-6" id="full-view-affiliation-6" ><sup class="key">6</sup> Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-7" id="full-view-affiliation-7" ><sup class="key">7</sup> Great Northern Children&#x27;s Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-8" id="full-view-affiliation-8" ><sup class="key">8</sup> University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-9" id="full-view-affiliation-9" ><sup class="key">9</sup> Children&#x27;s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-10" id="full-view-affiliation-10" ><sup class="key">10</sup> 1st Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University, Hippokratio Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-11" id="full-view-affiliation-11" ><sup class="key">11</sup> British Columbia Children&#x27;s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-12" id="full-view-affiliation-12" ><sup class="key">12</sup> University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-13" id="full-view-affiliation-13" ><sup class="key">13</sup> Wilhemina Children&#x27;s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-14" id="full-view-affiliation-14" ><sup class="key">14</sup> Texas Children&#x27;s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-15" id="full-view-affiliation-15" ><sup class="key">15</sup> Hannover Medical School, Children&#x27;s Hospital, Hannover, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-16" id="full-view-affiliation-16" ><sup class="key">16</sup> Fondazione IRCCS Ca&#x27; Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-17" id="full-view-affiliation-17" ><sup class="key">17</sup> University College London Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-18" id="full-view-affiliation-18" ><sup class="key">18</sup> Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-19" id="full-view-affiliation-19" ><sup class="key">19</sup> Children&#x27;s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38570350</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=PMC11349803&amp;id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11349803/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC11349803 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=10.1007/s00467-024-06303-x&amp;id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-024-06303-x" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1007/s00467-024-06303-x </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <div class="publication-type" >Practice Guideline</div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Assessment and management of vitamin status in children with CKD stages 2-5, on dialysis and post-transplantation: clinical practice points from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Caroline E Anderson</span><span class="citation-separator">&nbsp;et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Pediatr Nephrol<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <span class="citation-year">2024 Oct</span><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/38570350/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span class="button-label">Display options</span> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Display options </div> <div class="content"> <div class="format-container"> <span class="option-label"> Format </span> <select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="mobile-display-format"> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="pubmed">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="full-article-details" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="short-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)" tabindex="0" aria-controls="short-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)" data-pinger-ignore> Pediatr Nephrol </button><div id="short-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Pediatr+Nephrol%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Pediatr+Nephrol%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&amp;journal_abbrev=Pediatr Nephrol" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Pediatr Nephrol"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Pediatr+Nephrol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Pediatr Nephrol"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Pediatr Nephrol"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Pediatr Nephrol"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2024 Oct;39(10):3103-3124.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1007/s00467-024-06303-x. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2024 Apr 4. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Anderson+CE&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Caroline E Anderson">Caroline E Anderson</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK. caroline.anderson@uhs.nhs.uk." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Human Development &amp; Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. caroline.anderson@uhs.nhs.uk." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University of Winchester, Winchester, UK. caroline.anderson@uhs.nhs.uk." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Tuokkola+J&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jetta Tuokkola">Jetta Tuokkola</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Clinical Nutrition Unit, Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Qizalbash+L&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Leila Qizalbash">Leila Qizalbash</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Great Northern Children&#x27;s Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Harmer+M&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Matthew Harmer">Matthew Harmer</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nelms+CL&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christina L Nelms">Christina L Nelms</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Children&#x27;s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 9 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Stabouli+S&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Stella Stabouli">Stella Stabouli</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="1st Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University, Hippokratio Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece." href="#short-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Toole+B&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Barry Toole">Barry Toole</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Great Northern Children&#x27;s Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Polderman+N&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Nonnie Polderman">Nonnie Polderman</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="British Columbia Children&#x27;s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Desloovere+A&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="An Desloovere">An Desloovere</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium." href="#short-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Renken-Terhaerdt+J&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jose Renken-Terhaerdt">Jose Renken-Terhaerdt</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Wilhemina Children&#x27;s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands." href="#short-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Vega+MRW&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Molly R Wong Vega">Molly R Wong Vega</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Texas Children&#x27;s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-14" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 14 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Snauwaert+E&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Evelien Snauwaert">Evelien Snauwaert</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium." href="#short-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Walle+JV&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Johan Vande Walle">Johan Vande Walle</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium." href="#short-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Haffner+D&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dieter Haffner">Dieter Haffner</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Hannover Medical School, Children&#x27;s Hospital, Hannover, Germany." href="#short-view-affiliation-15" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 15 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Paglialonga+F&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Fabio Paglialonga">Fabio Paglialonga</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Fondazione IRCCS Ca&#x27; Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy." href="#short-view-affiliation-16" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 16 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Shroff+R&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Rukshana Shroff">Rukshana Shroff</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University College London Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-17" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 17 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Shaw+V&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Vanessa Shaw">Vanessa Shaw</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University College London Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-17" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 17 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Greenbaum+LA&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Larry A Greenbaum">Larry A Greenbaum</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-18" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 18 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Children&#x27;s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-19" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 19 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Warady+BA&amp;cauthor_id=38570350" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Bradley A Warady">Bradley A Warady</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Children&#x27;s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 9 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK. caroline.anderson@uhs.nhs.uk.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Human Development &amp; Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. caroline.anderson@uhs.nhs.uk.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> University of Winchester, Winchester, UK. caroline.anderson@uhs.nhs.uk.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4" id="short-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Clinical Nutrition Unit, Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5" id="short-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-6" id="short-view-affiliation-6" ><sup class="key">6</sup> Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-7" id="short-view-affiliation-7" ><sup class="key">7</sup> Great Northern Children&#x27;s Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-8" id="short-view-affiliation-8" ><sup class="key">8</sup> University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-9" id="short-view-affiliation-9" ><sup class="key">9</sup> Children&#x27;s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-10" id="short-view-affiliation-10" ><sup class="key">10</sup> 1st Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University, Hippokratio Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-11" id="short-view-affiliation-11" ><sup class="key">11</sup> British Columbia Children&#x27;s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-12" id="short-view-affiliation-12" ><sup class="key">12</sup> University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-13" id="short-view-affiliation-13" ><sup class="key">13</sup> Wilhemina Children&#x27;s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-14" id="short-view-affiliation-14" ><sup class="key">14</sup> Texas Children&#x27;s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-15" id="short-view-affiliation-15" ><sup class="key">15</sup> Hannover Medical School, Children&#x27;s Hospital, Hannover, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-16" id="short-view-affiliation-16" ><sup class="key">16</sup> Fondazione IRCCS Ca&#x27; Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-17" id="short-view-affiliation-17" ><sup class="key">17</sup> University College London Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-18" id="short-view-affiliation-18" ><sup class="key">18</sup> Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-19" id="short-view-affiliation-19" ><sup class="key">19</sup> Children&#x27;s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38570350</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=PMC11349803&amp;id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11349803/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC11349803 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=10.1007/s00467-024-06303-x&amp;id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-024-06303-x" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1007/s00467-024-06303-x </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/38570350/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/38570350/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at risk for vitamin deficiency or excess. Vitamin status can be affected by diet, supplements, kidney function, medications, and dialysis. Little is known about vitamin requirements in CKD, leading to practice variation.The Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce (PRNT), an international team of pediatric kidney dietitians and pediatric nephrologists, was established to develop evidence-based clinical practice points (CPPs) to address challenges and to serve as a resource for nutritional care. Questions were formulated using PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes), and literature searches undertaken to explore clinical practice from assessment to management of vitamin status in children with CKD stages 2-5, on dialysis and post-transplantation (CKD2-5D&amp;T). The CPPs were developed and finalized using a Delphi consensus approach. We present six CPPs for vitamin management for children with CKD2-5D&amp;T. We address assessment, intervention, and monitoring. We recommend avoiding supplementation of vitamin A and suggest water-soluble vitamin supplementation for those on dialysis. In the absence of evidence, a consistent structured approach to vitamin management that considers assessment and monitoring from dietary, physical, and biochemical viewpoints is needed. Careful consideration of the impact of accumulation, losses, comorbidities, and medications needs to be explored for the individual child and vitamin before supplementation can be considered. When supplementing, care needs to be taken not to over-prescribe. Research recommendations are suggested. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> Children; Chronic kidney disease; Clinical practice points; Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce; Vitamins. </p> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> © 2024. 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